EP0007526A1 - Input transformer - Google Patents

Input transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0007526A1
EP0007526A1 EP79102397A EP79102397A EP0007526A1 EP 0007526 A1 EP0007526 A1 EP 0007526A1 EP 79102397 A EP79102397 A EP 79102397A EP 79102397 A EP79102397 A EP 79102397A EP 0007526 A1 EP0007526 A1 EP 0007526A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
input
input transformer
transformer according
reference potential
transformer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79102397A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0007526B1 (en
Inventor
Erich Beekmann
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Grundig AG
Original Assignee
Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
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Priority to AT79102397T priority Critical patent/ATE21T1/en
Publication of EP0007526A1 publication Critical patent/EP0007526A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0007526B1 publication Critical patent/EP0007526B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H01F19/06—Broad-band transformers, e.g. suitable for handling frequencies well down into the audio range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2823—Wires
    • H01F2027/2833—Wires using coaxial cable as wire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an input transmitter according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Broadband electrical signals for example television signals, can be transmitted in their original frequency position - ie with a relative bandwidth of up to 1: 10 7 - via longer, symmetrical or asymmetrical lines.
  • the useful signal is picked up and processed by a reception amplifier at the end of a transmission line as a transverse voltage between the two wires of a symmetrical line or between the inner and outer conductor of an asymmetrical line.
  • the interference voltage coupled into the transmission line by external interference sources occurs at the end of the transmission line predominantly as a longitudinal voltage and must be separated from the useful signal and suppressed, for example, by a differential amplifier or by an input transformer.
  • Difference amplifiers allow a sufficient transmission bandwidth, their symmetry can be adjusted with relatively simple means even at relatively high frequencies, but their modulation capability for longitudinal voltages is limited.
  • the maximum permissible longitudinal voltage is only limited by the insulation between the primary and secondary windings.
  • the bandwidth of normal transmitters is relatively small and hardly suitable for the transmission of television signals in their original frequency position.
  • the symmetry of such transformers cannot be adjusted.
  • the longitudinal voltage suppression is reduced by the capacitive coupling of the primary and secondary windings.
  • the transmission bandwidth of a transmitter can be significantly increased if the transmitter is operated in short-circuit at least on the output side, that is to say is connected as a current transformer. This can be achieved by suitable design of a subsequent amplifier. It is also known to reduce the capacitive coupling of the primary and secondary windings by means of a static screen which is arranged between the primary and secondary windings and is connected to the reference potential of the input amplifier.
  • the input transformer is connected upstream of an amplifier whose input resistance is, for example, negligibly small due to a correspondingly selected current negative feedback, the input resistance of the transformer is also negligibly small.
  • the transmitter works as a current transformer.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an input transmitter with the aid of which the symmetry can be set within certain limits in order to achieve optimum interference suppression at least at relatively high frequencies.
  • a transmitter 10 If a transmitter 10 is connected to a line 11, it must be terminated without reflection by a real resistor 12, 13. This resistor 12, 13 is to be connected in series with the primary winding 14 of the transmitter 10. If the circuit is designed so that the primary winding 14 of the transformer 10 consists of only a few turns, the necessary static screen between the primary 14 and secondary winding 15 can surround the primary conductor on all sides as a concentric screen, the primary winding 14 then consists of few turns of a coaxially shielded cable.
  • the terminating resistor of the incoming line is divided into two resistors 12, 13 of the same size, which are connected upstream of the two ends of the primary winding 14.
  • the two ends of the shield 16 are led out of the transformer and connected to the ends of a relatively low-resistance potentiometer 17, the resistance of which is however so great that the useful signal transmission is practically not impaired.
  • the tap 18 of the potentiometer 17 is connected to the secondary reference potential, this is generally ground.
  • Different interference voltages U disturb 1 and U disturb 2 at the input terminals 19 and 20 can be caused, for example, by different earth capacitances C 1 and C 2 at these input terminals 19, 20.
  • the difference voltage (U sturgeon 1 - U sturgeon 2) causes the the useful current I is superimposed on a useful noise current I stör '.
  • a coupling capacity of only 10 pF between the primary input connections 19, 20 and the secondary reference potential could be achieved with a useful bandwidth of approximately 1 Hz to 10 MHz.
  • interference suppression of 66 dB could be achieved at 5 MHz.

Abstract

1. An input transformer (10) for wide band electrical signals transmitted over symmetrical or asymmetrical lines (11), characterized in that, the primary winding (14) is formed as a coaxial line, to the two inner terminals of which is applied the input signal and that the two ends of the screen (16) are brought out and connected to the ends of a potentiometer 17, to the tapping (18) of which is applied a reference potential.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen EingangsUbertrager gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an input transmitter according to the preamble of claim 1.

Breitbandige elektrische Signale, beispielsweise Fernsehsignale, lassen sich in ihrer ursprUnglichen Frequenzlage - d. h. mit einer relativen Bandbreite von bis zu 1 .: 107 - Uber löngere symmetrische oder unsymmetrische Leitungen Ubertragen. Das Nutzsignal wird dabei am Ende einer Ubertragungsleitung als Querspannung zwischen den beiden Adern einer symmetrischen Leitung oder zwischen Innen- und Außenleiter einer unsymmetrischen Leitung von einem Empfangsverstörker abgenommen und aufbereitet.Broadband electrical signals, for example television signals, can be transmitted in their original frequency position - ie with a relative bandwidth of up to 1: 10 7 - via longer, symmetrical or asymmetrical lines. The useful signal is picked up and processed by a reception amplifier at the end of a transmission line as a transverse voltage between the two wires of a symmetrical line or between the inner and outer conductor of an asymmetrical line.

Die in die Ubertragungsleitung durch äußere Störquellen eingekoppelte Störspannung tritt am Ende der Übertragungsleitung vorwiegend als Längsspannung auf und muß beispielsweise durch einen Differenzverstärker oder durch einen EingangsUbertrager vom Nutzsignal getrennt und unterdrückt werden.The interference voltage coupled into the transmission line by external interference sources occurs at the end of the transmission line predominantly as a longitudinal voltage and must be separated from the useful signal and suppressed, for example, by a differential amplifier or by an input transformer.

Differenzverstörker lassen eine ausreichende Übertragungsbandbreite zu, ihre Symmetrie laßt sich auch bei relativ hohen Frequenzen mit verhältnismäßig einfachen Mitteln einstellen, ihre Aussteuerfähigkeit fUr Längsspannungen ist jedoch begrenzt.Difference amplifiers allow a sufficient transmission bandwidth, their symmetry can be adjusted with relatively simple means even at relatively high frequencies, but their modulation capability for longitudinal voltages is limited.

Bei EingangsUbertragern wird die maximal zulässige Längsspannung nur durch die Isolation zwischen Primär- und Sekundärwicklung begrenzt. Die Bandbreite normaler Ubertrager ist relativ gering und fUr die Übertragung von Fernsehsignalen in ihrer ursprünglichen Frequenzlage kaum geeignet. Die Symmetrie solcher Übertrager läßt sich nicht einstellen. Bei verhältnismäßig hohen Frequenzen wird die LängsspannungsunterdrUckung durch die kapazitive Verkopplung von Primär- und Sekundärwicklung vermindert.For input transformers, the maximum permissible longitudinal voltage is only limited by the insulation between the primary and secondary windings. The bandwidth of normal transmitters is relatively small and hardly suitable for the transmission of television signals in their original frequency position. The symmetry of such transformers cannot be adjusted. At relatively high frequencies, the longitudinal voltage suppression is reduced by the capacitive coupling of the primary and secondary windings.

Es ist bekannt, daß die Ubertragungsbandbreite eines Übertragers wesentlich gesteigert werden kann, wenn der Übertrager zumindest ausgangsseitig im Kurzschluß betrieben wird, also als Stromwandler geschaltet ist. Das kann durch geeignete Auslegung eines nachfolgenden Verstärkers erreicht werden. Es ist auch bekannt, die kapazitive Verkopplung von Primär- und Sekundärwicklung durch einen statischen Schirm zu vermindern, derzwischen Primär- und Sekundärwicklung angeordnet und mit dem Bezugspotential des Eingangsverstärkers verbunden ist.It is known that the transmission bandwidth of a transmitter can be significantly increased if the transmitter is operated in short-circuit at least on the output side, that is to say is connected as a current transformer. This can be achieved by suitable design of a subsequent amplifier. It is also known to reduce the capacitive coupling of the primary and secondary windings by means of a static screen which is arranged between the primary and secondary windings and is connected to the reference potential of the input amplifier.

Wird der EingangsUbertrager einem Verstärker vorgeschaltet, dessen Eingangswiderstand beispielsweise durch eine entsprechend gewählte Stromgegenkopplung verschwindend klein ist, so ist auch der Eingangswiderstand des Ubertragers verschwindend klein. Der Ubertrager arbeitet als Stromwandler.If the input transformer is connected upstream of an amplifier whose input resistance is, for example, negligibly small due to a correspondingly selected current negative feedback, the input resistance of the transformer is also negligibly small. The transmitter works as a current transformer.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen EingangsUbertrager zu schaffen, mit dessen Hilfe die Symmetrie in gewissen Grenzen einstellbar ist, um zumindest bei relativ hohen Frequenzen eine optimale StörunterdrUckung zu erreichen.The invention has for its object to provide an input transmitter with the aid of which the symmetry can be set within certain limits in order to achieve optimum interference suppression at least at relatively high frequencies.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen.This object is achieved according to the invention by the measures specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungsfigur näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing figure.

Wird ein Ubertrager 10 an eine Leitung 11 angeschlossen, so muß diese durch einen reellen Widerstand 12, 13 reflexionsfrei abgeschlossen werden. Dieser Widerstand 12, 13 ist mit der Primärwicklung 14 des Ubertragers 10 in Serie zu schalten. Wird die Schaltung so ausgelegt, daß die Primärwicklung 14 des Übertragers 10 aus nur wenigen Windungen besteht, kann der notwendige statische Schirm zwischen Primär- 14 und Sekundärwicklung 15 als ein konzentrischer Schirm dem primären Leiter allseitig umgeben, die Primärwicklung 14 besteht dann aus wenigen Windungen einer koaxial abgeschirmten Leitung. Der Abschlußwiderstand der ankommenden Leitung wird in zwei gleichgroße Widerstände 12, 13 aufgeteilt, die den beiden Enden der Primärwicklung 14 vorgeschaltet sind. Die beiden Enden der Abschirmung 16 werden aus dem Übertrager herausgefUhrt und mit den Enden eines relativ niederohmigen Potentiometers 17 verbunden, dessen Widerstand jedoch so groß ist, daß die Nutzsignalubertragung praktisch nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Der Abgriff 18 des Potentiometers 17 ist mit dem sekundärseitigen Bezugspotential verbunden, dies ist im allgemeinen Masse. Mit Hilfe der oben beschriebenen Anordnung kann bei verhältnismäßig hohen Frequenzen die Symmetrie des Ubertragers 10 beeinflußt und auch bei in gewissen Grenzen ungleichen Störspannungen eine optimale StörunterdrUckung erreicht werden.If a transmitter 10 is connected to a line 11, it must be terminated without reflection by a real resistor 12, 13. This resistor 12, 13 is to be connected in series with the primary winding 14 of the transmitter 10. If the circuit is designed so that the primary winding 14 of the transformer 10 consists of only a few turns, the necessary static screen between the primary 14 and secondary winding 15 can surround the primary conductor on all sides as a concentric screen, the primary winding 14 then consists of few turns of a coaxially shielded cable. The terminating resistor of the incoming line is divided into two resistors 12, 13 of the same size, which are connected upstream of the two ends of the primary winding 14. The two ends of the shield 16 are led out of the transformer and connected to the ends of a relatively low-resistance potentiometer 17, the resistance of which is however so great that the useful signal transmission is practically not impaired. The tap 18 of the potentiometer 17 is connected to the secondary reference potential, this is generally ground. With the aid of the arrangement described above, the symmetry of the transmitter 10 can be influenced at relatively high frequencies, and optimum interference suppression can be achieved even with interference voltages that are unequal within certain limits.

Unterschiedliche Störspannungen Ustör 1 bzw. U stör 2 an den Eingangsklemmen 19 und 20 können beispielsweise durch unterschiedliche Erdkapazitäten C1 und C2 an diesen Eingangsklemmen 19, 20 hervorgerufen werden. Die Differenzspannung (Ustör 1 - Ustör 2) bewirkt einen Störstrom Istör' der sich dem Nutzstrom Inutz überlagert.Different interference voltages U disturb 1 and U disturb 2 at the input terminals 19 and 20 can be caused, for example, by different earth capacitances C 1 and C 2 at these input terminals 19, 20. The difference voltage (U sturgeon 1 - U sturgeon 2) causes the the useful current I is superimposed on a useful noise current I stör '.

Durch die verteilte Kapazität Ck zwischen dem primären Leiter undder ihn umgebenden konzentrischen Abschirmung 16 er- zeugen die Störspannungen Ustör 1 und U stör 2 einen kapazi- tiven Ableitstrom Ik. Dieser kapazitive Ableitstrom Ik wird in zwei Teilströme Ik1 und Ik2 aufgeteilt, die Uber die beiden Enden der Abschirmung 16 aus dem Übertrager 10 herausgelangen und Uber die Endpunkte des Potentiometers 17 und dessen Abgriff 18 zum Bezugspotential hin abfließen. Je noch Stellung des Potentiometerabgriffs 18 Uberwiegt der eine oder der andere Teilstrom Ik1 bzw. Ik2. Die Abschirmung 16 hat die Wirkung einer Wicklung mit der gleichen Windungszahl wie die Primärwicklung 14. Bei entsprechender Stellung des Potentiometerabgriffs 18 ist die resultierende Wirkung der erwähnten beiden Teilströme Ik1 und Ik2 der Wirkung des Störstromes Istör in der Primärwicklung 14 genau entgegengesetzt. In diesem Fall wird nur der Nutzstrom Inutz auf die Sekundärwicklung des Ubertragers 10 Ubertragen. Der Einfluß der ungleichen Störsponnungen Ustör 1 und Ustör 2 ist somit aufgehoben.Due to the distributed capacitance C k between the primary conductor surrounding it andthe concentric shield 16 ER- testify the interference voltages U 1 and U sturgeon s t 2 ör a capaci - tive leakage current I k. This capacitive leakage current I k divided into two partial currents I k1 and I k2 , which come out of the transformer 10 via the two ends of the shield 16 and flow off to the reference potential via the end points of the potentiometer 17 and its tap 18. Depending on the position of the potentiometer tap 18, one or the other partial current I k1 or I k2 predominates . The shield 16 has the effect of a winding with the same number of turns as the primary winding 14. When the potentiometer tap 18 is in the appropriate position, the resultant effect of the two partial currents I k1 and I k2 mentioned is exactly the opposite of the effect of the interference current I disturbance in the primary winding 14. In this case, only the Nu t z stro m I is useful in the secondary winding of 10 Ubertragers transmitted. The influence of the unequal interference voltages U disturb 1 and U disturb 2 is thus eliminated.

In einem Versuchsaufbau konnte bei einer Nutzbandbreite von etwa 1 Hz bis 10 MHz eine Verkopplungskapazität von nur 10 pF zwischen den primären EingangsanschlUssen 19, 20 und dem sekundären Bezugspotential erreicht werden. Bei ungefähr gleichgroßen Störspannungen zwischen den EingongsanschlUssen 19, 20 und dem Bezugspotential konnte bei 5 MHz eine StörunterdrUckung von 66 dB erreicht werden.In a test setup, a coupling capacity of only 10 pF between the primary input connections 19, 20 and the secondary reference potential could be achieved with a useful bandwidth of approximately 1 Hz to 10 MHz. With approximately equal interference voltages between the input connections 19, 20 and the reference potential, interference suppression of 66 dB could be achieved at 5 MHz.

Wird das Nutzsignal am Ende einer gestörten Ubertragungsstrecke durch einen Verstärker mit EingangsUbertrager abgenommen, so ist unter folgenden Voraussetzungen ebenfalls eine optimale StörunterdrUckung auch bei ungleichen Störspannungen an den beiden LeitungsanschlUssen zu erreichen:

  • a. Der Verstärker hat durch eine entsprechend ausgelegte Stromgegenkopplung einen verschwindend kleinen Eingangswiderstand,
  • b. der EingangsUbertrager des Verstärkers arbeitet als Stromwandler, sein Eingangswiderstand ist verschwindend klein, der erforderliche Abschlußwiderstand der Ubertragungsleitung ist dem EingangsUbertrager in Form von zwei vorzugsweise gleichgroßen Widerständen vorzuschalten, wobei die Eingangswicklung des Ubertragers zwischen den beiden Widerständen anzuordnen ist,
  • c. der Übertrager wird so ausgelegt, daß die Eingangswicklung aus wenigen Windungen besteht; der erforderliche statische Schirm, der Primär- und Sekundärwicklung kapazitiv voneinander getrennt, umgibt den Leiter der Eingangswicklung allseitig als ein konzentrischer Schirm; die Eingangswicklung besteht aus wenigen Windungen einer koaxial abgeschirmten Leitung,
  • d. beide Enden der Abschirmung werden aus dem Übertrager herausgeführt und mit den Endpunkten eines relativ niederohmigen Potentiometers verbunden.
If the useful signal is picked up at the end of a disturbed transmission path by an amplifier with an input transmitter, then optimum interference suppression can also be achieved under the following conditions, even if the interference voltages at the two line connections are unequal:
  • a. The amplifier has a negligibly low input resistance due to an appropriately designed current feedback,
  • b. the input transformer of the amplifier works as a current transformer, its input resistance is negligibly small, the required terminating resistance of the transmission line is to be connected upstream of the input transformer in the form of two preferably equally large resistors, the input winding of the transformer being arranged between the two resistors,
  • c. the transformer is designed so that the input winding consists of a few turns; the required static shield, the primary and secondary windings capacitively separated from one another, surrounds the conductor of the input winding on all sides as a concentric shield; the input winding consists of a few turns of a coaxially shielded cable,
  • d. Both ends of the shield are led out of the transformer and connected to the end points of a relatively low-resistance potentiometer.

So kann insbesondere fUr höhere Frequenzen die Symmetrie des Eingangs beeinflußt werden, wenn der Abgriff des Potentiometers mit dem Bezugspotential verbunden ist. Auch bei unterschiedlich großen Störspannungen läßt sich an den Eingangsklemmen der Schaltung, insbesondere bei höheren Frequenzen, eine optimale StörunterdrUckung erreichen.In particular, f U r higher frequencies, the symmetry of the input are affected when the tap of the potentiometer is connected to the reference potential. Even with under Optimal interference suppression can be achieved at the input terminals of the circuit, especially at higher frequencies, of differently large interference voltages.

Claims (8)

1. EingangsUbertrager für Uber symmetrische oder unsymmetrische Leitungen übertragene breitbandige elektrische Signale, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Primärwicklung (14) als Kooxialleitung ausgebildet ist sowie daß die beiden Enden der Abschirmung (16) herausgeführt und mit den Enden eines Potentiometers (17) verbunden sind, dessen Abgriff (18) an einem Bezugspotential liegt.1.Input transformer for broadband electrical signals transmitted via symmetrical or asymmetrical lines, characterized in that the primary winding (14) is designed as a cooxial line and that the two ends of the shield (16) are led out and connected to the ends of a potentiometer (17), whose tap (18) is at a reference potential. 2. EingangsUbertrager nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß es sich um das sekundärseitige Bezugspotential handelt.2. Input transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that it is the secondary reference potential. 3. EingangsUbertrager nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Sekundärwicklung (15) durch einen Verstärker mit verschwindend kleinem Eingangswiderstand abgeschlossen ist.3. Input transformer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the secondary winding (15) is terminated by an amplifier with a negligibly small input resistance. 4. EingangsUbertrager nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Verstärker mit Gegenkopplung arbeitet.4. Input transformer according to claim 3, characterized in that the amplifier works with negative feedback. 5. EingangsUbertrager nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß einem Eingang primärseitig ein Widerstand (12 bzw. 13) vorgeschaltet ist.5. input transformer according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that an input is connected on the primary side a resistor (12 or 13). 6. EingangsUbertrager nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß jedem der Eingänge primärseitig ein Widerstand (12, 13) vorgeschaltet ist.6. Input transformer according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that a resistor (12, 13) is connected upstream of each of the inputs. 7. EingangsUbertrager nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die beiden Widerstände (12, 13) im wesentlichen von gleicher Größe sind.7. Input transformer according to claim 6, characterized in that the two resistors (12, 13) are of substantially the same size. 8. EingangsUbertrager nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Summe der Eingangswiderstände den Abschlußwiderstand der ankommenden Leitung (11) bildet.8. Input transformer according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the sum of the input resistances forms the terminating resistance of the incoming line (11).
EP79102397A 1978-07-14 1979-07-12 Input transformer Expired EP0007526B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79102397T ATE21T1 (en) 1978-07-14 1979-07-12 INPUT TRANSFORMER

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2830957A DE2830957C2 (en) 1978-07-14 1978-07-14 Input transformer
DE2830957 1978-07-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0007526A1 true EP0007526A1 (en) 1980-02-06
EP0007526B1 EP0007526B1 (en) 1981-02-25

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EP79102397A Expired EP0007526B1 (en) 1978-07-14 1979-07-12 Input transformer

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EP (1) EP0007526B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE21T1 (en)
DE (2) DE2830957C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0142200B1 (en) * 1983-11-07 1988-05-11 La Radiotechnique Portenseigne Voltage control device for cathode-ray tube electrodes
DE3731394C2 (en) * 1987-09-18 1993-12-16 Euchner & Co High-frequency interference filter for a circuit to be connected to a line, in particular for two-wire sensors
AT408952B (en) * 1996-04-01 2002-04-25 Fancyform Design Engineering Single-track roller skate or sliding shoe with runners
AT404559B (en) * 1996-08-09 1998-12-28 Fancyform Design Engineering INLINE SKATE

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE967046C (en) * 1950-12-19 1957-09-26 Telefunken Gmbh Circuit for generating the grid bias
US3361928A (en) * 1962-11-28 1968-01-02 Hitachi Ltd Transformers having a plurality of secondary windings and charged particle sources of double pulsing system utilizing such transformers

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE967046C (en) * 1950-12-19 1957-09-26 Telefunken Gmbh Circuit for generating the grid bias
US3361928A (en) * 1962-11-28 1968-01-02 Hitachi Ltd Transformers having a plurality of secondary windings and charged particle sources of double pulsing system utilizing such transformers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2960172D1 (en) 1981-04-02
EP0007526B1 (en) 1981-02-25
ATE21T1 (en) 1981-03-15
DE2830957A1 (en) 1980-01-24
DE2830957C2 (en) 1982-11-04

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