EP0006000B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung Silicon enthaltender Schmiermittel - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung Silicon enthaltender Schmiermittel Download PDF

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EP0006000B1
EP0006000B1 EP79300996A EP79300996A EP0006000B1 EP 0006000 B1 EP0006000 B1 EP 0006000B1 EP 79300996 A EP79300996 A EP 79300996A EP 79300996 A EP79300996 A EP 79300996A EP 0006000 B1 EP0006000 B1 EP 0006000B1
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Prior art keywords
oil
silicone
carrier
solvent
mixture
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French (fr)
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EP0006000A1 (de
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Michael Stanley Bingley
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Gully Michael Guy John Viscount Selby
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Gully Michael Guy John Viscount Selby
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
    • C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/402—Castor oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/051—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol-fuelled engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/26—Two-strokes or two-cycle engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the incorporation of silicone into lubricating oils to make what are referred to as silicone oils.
  • Silicone oils containing silicone are known, and have very much better lubricating properties than oils without silicone. Such silicone oils may be used with great effect as ordinary engine sump oils or as additives for sump oils, but are particularly suitable for use as upper cylinder lubricants and two stroke oils, especially in modern high power to weight ratio two stroke engines which can operate at speeds up to 20,000 rpm. So far, however, there have been problems with the stability of such oils, the silicone tending to separate too readily from the oil and, in some cases, the mixture breaking down under the extreme conditions encountered in the cylinders with the production of substances which are deleterious to the operation of the enqine.
  • a suspension of silicone in a lubricating oil is formed, and the stability of the suspension is improved either by subjecting the mixture to a magnetic field or by thermal treatment as defined later.
  • silicones and oil do not mix at all well and, although the silicone will dissolve in the oil if the temperature is raised high enough it will be usual for the suspension to be formed by mixing together the silicone, the oil, and a solvent in which the silicone is at least partly soluble.
  • the oil which is used in forming the silicone oil may be any suitable mineral, vegetable or synthetic oil, such as for example, any paraffinic or naphthenic mineral lubricating oil, castor oil, polyisopropylene, or polyisobutylene.
  • the oil will be a paraffinic mineral oil, and may comprise a mixture of different paraffinic mineral oils.
  • the oil or oils used in the method in accordance with the invention should be substantially free of water (less than 30 parts per million by weight), and should preferably have a sulphur content which is less than 1%, preferably less than 0.3%, by weight. Most standard SAE 30 paraffinic oils which are on sale should be satisfactory from this point of view, particularly in respect of the low water contents.
  • the silicone which is used in the method in accordance with the invention preferably has a molecular chain length which substantially matches that of the oil, or in other words the viscosities of the silicone and the oil are preferably of the same order as each other, at least over the normal ambient and operating temperature range.
  • phenyl silicones, homologeous series silicones or halogenated silicones may be used, but preferably the silicone used in the invention is a dimethyl silicone. Particularly good results have been achieved with a half and half mixture of dimethyl silicone fluid having a nominal viscosity of 300 centi-stokes at 25°C and a dimethyl silicone fluid having a nominal viscosity of 50 centistokes at 25°C.
  • the solvent when used, is preferably perchloroethylene, which may be of an industrial or anaiytical grade, but other common aliphatic solvents or aromatic solvents may be used, such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylene dichloride, trichlorethylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, diethyl ether, di-isopropyl ether, or white spirit.
  • perchloroethylene which may be of an industrial or anaiytical grade, but other common aliphatic solvents or aromatic solvents may be used, such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylene dichloride, trichlorethylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, diethyl ether, di-isopropyl ether, or white spirit.
  • cyclohexane petroleum ether, petrol, amyl acetate, petroleum spirit, 2-ethylhexanol, dioxane or diethyl cellosolve may be used, and possibly some of the alcohol series may be used provided the silicone can be made to go into at least partial solution.
  • the silicone oil produced preferably comprises, by volume, not more than 1% silicone, not more than 4% solvent, and oil (including any other additives which may be considered desirable) as the remainder. It is thought that adding silicone in an amount as little as 0.001 % to an oil by the method in accordance with the invention will have some effect in improving the lubricating properties of the oil, but generally the silicone oil should contain not less than 0.02% silicone. Preferably the silicone oil will contain about 0.2% silicone and at least 0.4% solvent.
  • the silicone, a solvent in which the silicone is at least partly soluble, and a carrier oil are mixed and are heated at between 100°C and 160°C in the absence of oxygen to form a silicone-rich carrier comprising, by volume, not more than 20% silicone, not more than 40% carrier oil, and solvent as the remainder, and the silicone-rich carrier is subsequently added to and mixed with a base oil at a temperature between 25°C and 125°C to form a mixture comprising, by volume, not more than 1% silicone, not more than 4% solvent, and oil as the remainder, the mixture, which is the silicone oil, being allowed to cool in the absence of oxygen.
  • the carrier oil comprises at least a portion which is the same as the base oil, and in the preferred case where the base oil is a standard SAE 30 paraffinic mineral oil, the carrier oil is preferably a mixture of paraffinic technical white oil and a paraffinic mineral oil which is identical to the base oil, preferably in the ratio of 4:1.
  • the heating of the components in the absence of oxygen is important to prevent oxidation of the silicone.
  • the preferred method at least when the boiling point of the solvent is below 160°C (as is the case with the preferred solvent perchloroethylene) is not to add the silicone until the carrier oil and the solvent have been mixed and raised to the boiling point of the solvent in a suitable vessel.
  • the silicone is then injected directly into the mixture in the vessel, and boiling of the mixture is maintained for a short while before sealing the vessel and allowing the contents to cool slowly.
  • the silicone-rich carrier is preferably added to and mixed with the base oil at a temperature of 60°C, this step and the subsequent cooling of the final mixture taking place in the absence of oxygen for the same reason as mentioned above.
  • the stabilisation of the silicone suspension in the method in accordance with the invention is carried out using a magnetic energy field rather than the relatively complicated thermal treatment described above.
  • a magnetic energy field rather than the relatively complicated thermal treatment described above.
  • the mixture of the silicone, the solvent (when used), and the oil need only be placed in or passed through the magnetic field to achieve the required effect, but preferably the silicone is added to and mixed with the other components in the presence of the magnetic field.
  • a magnetic field to stabilise the silicone suspension is much easier and simpler than using heat since there is no need to take precautions to exclude oxygen from the process, and a straight mixture of the components may be treated in a single stage.
  • a silicone-rich carrier of similar composition to that formed in the heat treatment process described above may first be formed, and the silicone-rich carrier subsequently added to a base oil to form the silicone oil mixture.
  • the stabilising magnetic field is applied to the silicone-rich carrier, the silicone preferably being added to and mixed with the solvent and the carrier oil in the presence of the magnetic field.
  • the final silicone oil mixture may also be subjected to a magnetic field.
  • a silicone oil manufactured in accordance with the invention is suitable for use, amongst other things, as an engine sump oil.
  • the silicone-rich carriers hereinbefore described may be used on their own as an engine oil additive which is rich in silicone and which would be added in small amounts to ordinary sump oils as required.
  • the additive would comprise, by volume, not more than 20% silicone, not more than 40% oil, and solvent as the remainder, it being the intention for such an additive to be added to sump oil in an amount of from 1 to 5% by volume of the sump oil.
  • the manufacture of the additive would be exactly the same as for the silicone-rich carriers described earlier.
  • the oil will preferably be a mixture of paraffinic technical white oil and an SAE 30 paraffinic mineral oil, preferably in the ratio of 4:1.
  • silicone and solvent contents will be less for a diesel engine sump oil additive than for a petrol engine sump oil additive.
  • a dimethyl silicone mixture was made consisting of 50% dimethyl silicone fluid obtainable from ICI as F111/50 (having a nominal viscosity of 50 centistokes at 25°C), and 50% dimethyl silicone fluid obtainable from ICI as F111/300 (having a nominal viscosity of 300 centistokes at 25°C).
  • a carrier oil mixture was made consisting of, by volume, 80% paraffinic technical white oil, and 20% of a standard SAE 30 paraffinic oil. This oil was obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 1 10A, and had a water content less than 30 parts per million by weight, and a sulphur content less than 0.3% by weight.
  • the dimethyl silicone mixture and the carrier oil mixture were then used together with some perchloroethylene to make a silicone-rich carrier consisting of, by volume, 4% dimethyl silicone, 26% carrier oil, and 70% perchloroethylene.
  • the carrier oil and the perchloroethylene were mixed together, without the silicone mixture, and heated in a suitable vessel to 127°C, which is the boiling point of perchloroethylene.
  • the dimethyl silicone mixture was added directly to the contents of a vessel by syringe. Boiling was maintained for a short while to ensure that the silicone mixed completely with the oil and solvent, and to prevent air from re-entering the vessel.
  • the vessel was then sealed and the mixture allowed to cool slowly in the absence of oxygen.
  • the resulting mixture was the silicone-rich carrier.
  • a standard SAE 30 paraffinic mineral oil (obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 110A) was then used as a base lubricating oil to which the silicone-rich carrer was added to form a silicone oil as follows.
  • the base oil was placed in a closed vessel and heated to a temperature of 60°C while continuously agitating the oil, air being allowed to escape from the vessel but not to enter.
  • a small quantity of the silicone-rich carrier was added to the base oil in the vessel, the quantity being 5% by volume of the total mixture, and the vessel was sealed after the remaining air had been expelled.
  • the mixture of the base oil and the silicone-rich carrier in the vessel was agitated continuously for about 15 minutes at 60°C before being allowed to cool slowly in the absence of oxygen.
  • the resulting mixture was a high quality silicone oil containing, by volume, 0.2% silicone, 3.5% perchloroethylene, 1.04% technical white oil, and the SAE 30 paraffinic oil as the remainder.
  • Example I the first stage was to make a silicone-rich carrier.
  • This carrier had exactly the same composition as that in Example I, and again the carrier oil mixture and the perchloroethylene were mixed together before the dimethyl silicone mixture was added.
  • the mixture of the carrier oil and the perchloroethylene was placed, at room temperature, in a test tube within a coil comprising between 5,000 and 6,000 turns of SWG 34 copper wire, and the coil energised by a 28 volt d/c supply to generate an electro-magnetic field within the coil.
  • the dimethyl silicone mixture was then added to and mixed with the contents of the test tube in the presence of this relatively weak magnetic field and the mixture subjected to the field for about 5 minutes.
  • silicone-rich carrier so formed was added to and vigorously mixed with a quantity of a base lubricating oil in the form of a standard SAE 30 paraffinic oil (obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 11 OA), the silicone-rich carrier being added in an amount which was 5% by volume of the total mixture.
  • a base lubricating oil in the form of a standard SAE 30 paraffinic oil (obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 11 OA)
  • SAE 30 Castrol 11 OA SAE 30 paraffinic oil
  • the silicone-rich carrier was added to the base oil at room temperature and the mixture was subjected to the same magnetic field which was used in the formation of the silicone-rich carrier. The mixture was subjected to the magnetic field for about 5 minutes, and the result was a high quality silicone oil having the same composition as that produced in Example I.
  • the first stage was to make a silicone-rich carrier using perchloroethylene and the same dimethyl silicone mixture and carrier oil mixture as described in example I.
  • 10ccs of the perchloroethylene were mixed with 6ccs of the carrier oil and placed in a tube within a coil generating a much stronger magnetic field than that used in Example II, 4ccs of the dimethyl silicone mixture then being added to and mixed with the perchloroethylene and carrier oil in the tube, i.e. in the presence of the magnetic field.
  • the resulting mixture constituted the silicone-rich carrier, and comprised, by volume 20% dimethyl silicone, 50% perchloroethylene, and paraffinic mineral oil (4 parts technical white oil and 1 part SAE 30 base oil) as the remainder.
  • the silicone-rich carrier so obtained was then added to and thoroughly mixed with a base oil in the form of a standard SAE 30 paraffinic mineral oil (obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 110A).
  • a base oil in the form of a standard SAE 30 paraffinic mineral oil (obtained as SAE 30 Castrol 110A).
  • the silicone-rich carrier was added in an amount which was 1 % by volume of the total mixture, and the mixture was subjected briefly to a further magnetic field by being poured through a tube surrounded by an energised electromagnetic coil.
  • the resulting mixture was an excellent silicone oil containing, by volume, 0.2% silicon, 0.5% perchloroethylene, 0.24% technical white oil, and the SAE 30 paraffinic base oil as the remainder.
  • Example 11 the magnetic field used in Example 11 was relatively weak, and although tests have not yet been carried out to prove the fact, it is considered that by making the magnetic field strength very much stronger the stability of the silicone oil suspension will be improved very much more, perhaps to a point where some of the silicone molecules will remain in suspension (sufficient to cause a beam of light projected through the oil to be visibly diffracted) almost indefinitely, even at fairly high ambient temperatures and the correspondingly low viscosity values. Indeed, provided that the oil is not overloaded with silicone and there is sufficient solvent present, it is considered that a major proportion of the silicone molecules could be stabilised in suspension.
  • Example I Two motor cars whose petrol consumption had been measured over a long period of time using the recommended standard petrol and oil were then run using the silicone oil produced in Example I as an upper cylinder lubricant (3.3 to 6.6ccs per litre of petrol) and using the silicone-rich carrier of Example I as a sump and gear box oil additive (5ccs per 560 ccs), and the average petrol consumption measured over a period of about seven months.
  • the silicone oil produced in Example I as an upper cylinder lubricant (3.3 to 6.6ccs per litre of petrol) and using the silicone-rich carrier of Example I as a sump and gear box oil additive (5ccs per 560 ccs), and the average petrol consumption measured over a period of about seven months.
  • a VW Golf the average petrol consumption before using the silicone oil was 10.06 kms. per litre.
  • the petrol consumption decreased to 11.3 kms. per litre, an improvement of approximately 13%.
  • the 21cc Ohlsson and Rice two stroke engine was run powering the Champ generator, and the engine surface temperature was measured at different power output levels using a calibrated thermistor bolted to the engine cylinder head.
  • the test was carried out a number of times using different two stroke oils in the petrol used to fuel the engine (2% oil in the mixture), and the results are shown in the accompanying graphs which plot engine surface temperature (degrees centigrade) against generator power output (current in amps). It was found that the engine would often run at different temperatures on different days, despite using the same fuel mixture and the ambient temperature being the same. Consequently, the tests which are recorded on each graph were carried out on the same day as each other and as close as possible to each other in time in order to avoid as much as possible temperature differences arising for reasons other than the change in fuel mixture.
  • the curve () - () represents a fuel mixture containing 2% of a commercially available synthetic two stroke oil
  • the curve ⁇ represents a fuel mixture containing 2% of the silicone oil made in Example III.
  • the curve x - x represents a fuel containing 2% of a commercially available synthetic two stroke oil different from those used in the tests of Figure 1;
  • the ambient temperature throughout the tests was 1 1 °C.
  • the engine temperatures at relatively low loads were much the same for the synthetic oil and the silicon oil mixture, but at higher loads were much higher for the synthetic oil and the engine would not actually produce maximum power.
  • the silicone oil containing Cereclor 42 the engine ran very cool at low loads, perhaps too cool since a fluffy deposit was found on the sparking plug.
  • the sparking plug ended in very good condition, being a matt grey colour with no deposits.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (17)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Silikonöls, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Silikon-Suspension in einem Schmieröl gebildet wird, und daß die Stabilität der Suspension dadurch verbessert wird, daß das Gemisch einem Magnetfeld ausgesetzt wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Silikon hinzugefügt und mit dem Öl in Gegenwart eines Magnetfeldes vermischt wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Öl ein paraffinisches Mineralöl mit einem Wassergehalt von weniger als 30 ppm und einem Schwefelgehalt von weniger als 1 Gew% ist.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Silikon eine Dimethylsilikon ist, das eine Molekülkettenlänge besitzt, die im wesentlichen der des Öles. entspricht.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Suspension ein Lösungsmittel umfaßt, in dem Silikon mindestens teilweise löslich ist.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das hergestellte Silikonöl zur Verwendung als Motorsumpföl, als Zweitakter-Öl oder als oberes Zylinderschmiermittel gedacht ist, und nicht mehr als 1 Vol.% Silikon, nicht mehr als 4 Vol.% Lösungsmittel umfaßt, wobei das Öl den übrigen Teil ausbildet.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Silikonöl etwa 0,2 % Silikon und etwa 0,4 % Lösungsmittelk umfaßt.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel Perchloräthylen ist.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Silikon und das Lösungsmittel zuerst mit einem Trägeröl vermischt werden, um einen silkonreichen Träger herzustellen, der nicht mehr als 20 Vol.% Silikon und nicht mehr als 40 Vol.% Trägeröl umfaßt, wobei das Lösungsmittel den übrigen Teil bildet, und Silikon hinzugefügt wird und mit dem Lösungsmittel und dem Trägeröl in Gegenwart eines Magnetfeldes vermischt werden, um die Stabilität der Silikonsuspension zu verbessern, und daß der silikonreiche Träger anschließend mit einem Basisöl vermischt wird, um ein Silikonöl zu schaffen.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der silikonreiche Träger 20 % Silikon, 30 % Trägeröl und 50 % Lösungsmittel umfaßt, und daß das Basisöl in einer Menge hinzugefügt wird, die ein Vol.% des Gemisches beträgt.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gemisch des Silikonreichen Trägers und des Basisöls ebenfalls einem Magnetfeld unterworfen wird.
12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Silikonöls, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Schmieröl, ein Silikon und ein Lösungsmittel, in dem Silikon mindestens teilweise löslich ist, miteinander unter Bildung einer Silikonsuspension im Öl vermischt werden, und daß die Stabilität der Suspension durch eine thermische Behandlung verbessert wird, wobei das Silikon und das Lösungsmittel ,mit, einem Trägeröl vermischt und bei einer Temperatur zwischen 100° C und 160° C in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff erwärmt werden, unter Bildung eines silikonreichen Trägers, de nicht mehr als 20 Vol.% Silikon und nicht mehr als 40 % Trägeröl enthält, wobei das Lösungsmittel das übrige bildet, und daß der silikonreiche Träger nachfolgende hinzugefügt und mit einem Basisöl bei einer Temperatur zwischen 25° C und 125° C unter Bildung einer Mischung vermischt wird, die nicht mehr als 1 Vol.% Silikon und nicht mehr als 4 Vol.% Lösungsmittel enthält, wobei das ÖI den überigen Teil darstellt, und daß das Gemisch in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff abkühlen kann, unter Bildung eines Silikonöles, das als Motoröl, als Zweitakter-Öl oder als ein oberes Zylinderschmiermittel verwendet werden kann.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lösungsmittel Perchloräthylen ist und mit dem Trägeröl auf mindestens 127° C erwärmt wird, bevor Silikon in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff unter Bildung eines silikonreichen Trägers hinzugefügt wird.
. 14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der silikonreiche Träger bei einer Temperatur von 60° C zu einem Basisöl hinzugegeben wird.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der silikonreiche Träger 4 % Silikon, 26% Trägeröl und 70% Lösungsmittel umfaßt und zum Basisöl in einer Menge hinzugefügt wird, die 5 Vol.% des Gemisches trägt.
16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Basisöl ein SAE 30 paraffinisches Mineralöl mit einem Wassergehalt von weniger als 30 ppm an Gewicht und eine.m Schwefelgehalt geringer als 1 Gew.% ist, und daß das Trägeröl ein Gemisch aus paraffinisch-technischem Weißol und paraffinischem Mineralöl ist das dem Basisöl entspricht.
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das paraffinisch-technische Weißöl 80 Vol.% des Trägeröls darstellt.
EP79300996A 1978-05-31 1979-05-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung Silicon enthaltender Schmiermittel Expired EP0006000B1 (de)

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