EP0002868B1

EP0002868B1 - Fire detector

Info

Publication number: EP0002868B1
Application number: EP19780200379
Authority: EP
Inventors: Shuji Hirai
Original assignee: Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nohmi Bosai Ltd
Priority date: 1977-12-26
Filing date: 1978-12-18
Publication date: 1980-10-29
Also published as: EP0002868A3; DE2860266D1; JPS5831038B2; JPS5488797A; EP0002868A2

Description

This invention relates to a fire detector connectable to a control panel by electrical lines and comprising sensor means for sensing a fire phenomenon such as heat, smoke, gas or light and operating switching means short-circuiting the lines and causing an alarm current flowing in the lines to the control panel when a fire has been detected, whereby means for controlling the alarm current are provided.
In a fire detector of this kind disclosed in US patent Nr. 821 734 the line current control is used for the purpose of differentiating between a fire alarm and a short-circuit of the lines, but whenever one detector has caused an alarm, multiple alarms generated by further detectors can no more be detected with certainty and without overloading the power supply.
Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a fire alarm system composed from elements disclosed in the Japanese utility model publications sho 49-11672 and sho 50-3108.
Thereby the fire detectors De may be connected in parallel with each other between a pair of lines 1₁ and 1₂ extending to a control panel Re. The operation of this known fire detector is as follows:
When a sensor, e.g. thermistor Th of the detecting element De has received heat emitted by a fire, the resistance of the thermistor drops and the potential Vb at the junction point b of the thermistor Th and the resistor R, is also reduced. When the potential Vb has reached a voltage less than the emitter potential Ve of the transistor T_i which is determined by the resistances of the resistors R₂ and R₃, the transistor T, will be turned ON and a thyristor T₂ will also be ON by a voltage drop occuring across resistor R₄. As a consequence, a current starts to flow from plus terminal of the power source E located in the control panel Re through the reset key Kr, line 1₂, the parallel circuit of operation indicating lamp La and resistor R₅, thyristor T₂, line I₁, diode D₄ and zone relay N operating as signal receiving relay. Then, relay N operates and closes its contacts n₁, n₂ and n₃. By the closed contact n, the operation of the relay N self-holds, through the contact n₂ a zone lamp Lf lights up, and further an operation indicating lamp La of the detector De lights up through the contact n₃ and the resistor R₁₁. In this case, the diode D₄ prevents the lines I, and 1₂ from short-circuit due to the closing of the contact n₁.
When such fire detectors De are used for a fire alarm system, in the event of a fire, a large current nearly equal to the short-circuit current flows through the lines I₁ and 1₂ via the thyristor T₂. Furthermore, if any further detector connected with the detector lines (not shown in the circuit diagram) is actuated successively, there is the possibility of coming short of the capacity of the power source E located in the control panel Re. Also, such a fire alarm system could have the disadvantage that when a detector connected between lines I₁ and 1₂ has been actuated, no other detector connected to the same lines is able to detect a fire because the voltage between lines I₁ and 1₂ will drop to a voltage nearly equal to the short-circuit voltage which could be insufficient for operating the other fire detectors.
This invention aims at obtaining a fire detector avoiding the above mentioned drawbacks of prior art and whereby even if fire detectors connected to plural detector lines are operated successively, there is no possibility of coming short of the capacity of the power source in the control panel, and whereby even after one detector in a detector line has been operated, fire detection by other detectors connected to the same detector line is still possible.
This object is achieved by providing a timer circuit arranged in one of said lines having a predetermined switching time during which the alarm circuit is allowed to pass to the control panel in order to operate signal receiving relay and after lapse of which the line current is reduced to a smaller value sufficient for holding the operation of said switching circuit.
Embodiments of this invention are described hereinafter in connection with the drawings in figures 2-6.
Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a fire detector of this invention.
Fig. 3 shows time charts showing operating conditions of various parts of this embodiment.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show circuit diagrams of two kinds of control panels connected with embodiments of this invention.
r Fig., 6 shows a circuit diagram of a part of another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a fire detector of this invention. This fire detector De consists of a fire detecting . circuit 1, a switching circuit 2 operated by the output of the circuit 1, a timer circuit 3 which is so constructed that when the circuit 2 has operated a large current nearly equal to the short-circuit current flows through the signal receiving relay N located in the control panel via the circuit 2 for a sufficient time for operating the said relay, an operation indicating circuit 4 which forms an oscillation circuit for lighting up the operation indicating lamp upon completion of the operations of the circuit 3, and a power source voltage stabilizing circuit 5. The fire detecting circuit 1 and the switching circuit 2 are the same as the corresponding circuits shown in Fig. 1, the timer circuit 3 and the operation indicating circuit 4 are arranged side by side and connected in series to the line 1₂, and the power source voltage stabilizing circuit 5 is connected between the lines I₁ and 1₂ extending to the control panel Re, shown in fig. 4.
The operation of this fire detector is described hereinafter in connection with a control panel shown in fig. 4 and the time charts shown in fig. 3. In supervisory condition, a small supervisory current flows from the line 1₂ to the line I₁ through resistors R₈ and R₉ in the circuit 4, a parallel circuit consisting of resistor R₁, thermistor Th and resistors R₃, R₂ in the circuit 1, and a diode D₃. Since the current is very small, the voltage produced between both ends of the series circuit of resistors R₈ and R₉ is also rather low.
When the thermistor Th has received heat emitted by a fire, the resistance of the thermistor will decrease and the potential Vb at the junction point b will drop as shown in fig. 3 (a). When the potential Vb has dropped lower than the emitter voltage Ve of the transistor T₁, the transistor T, will be turned ON, a voltage nearly equal to the power source voltage will be applied to both ends of the timer circuit 3 and the operation indicating circuit 4, and a charge current of the condenser C₁ arranged in the timer circuit 3 will flow through the emitter and the base of transistor T₃ via resistor R₆ which causes transistor T₃ to turn ON.
Condenser C₂ in circuit 4 will be charged in an instant via transistor T₃ and relay A which has a small internal resistance and is used for operating auxiliary devices, e.g. for driving an interlocked controller to close an air conditioning duct in the room in fire. When the charge voltage of the condenser C₂ has exceeded the gate voltage of the N-gate thyristor T₄, the thyristor T₄ will be ON. The state of operations of the transistor T₃ and the relay A is shown in fig. 3 (c).
When the thyristor T₄ has been ON, a large signal current being nearly equal to the short-circuit current will flow from the line 1₂ to the line I, via T₃, A, T₄ and light emitting diode D₂ working on the signal receiving relay located in the control panel to operate it. When the relay N has been operated it will perform the first control such as stopping of air conditioner etc. in the zone in fire, and at the same time the contacts n,, n₂ and n₃ will be closed and the operation of the relay N will become self-hold, the zone lamp Lf will be lit by the contact n₂, and a current for lighting up the operation indicator D₂ of the detector De will be supplied to the operation indicating circuit 4 through the contact n₃ and the resistor R₁₁. In this case while a large signal current flows through the lines I₁ and I₂, the transistor T₅ in ON by a voltage produced in the resistor R₁₁ via the load resistance R₁₃, and the counter circuit C counts "one" by a voltage produced in the resistor R₁₃. But at this time no output is produced by the counter circuit C and the transistor T₆ cannot be ON, and accordingly, the relay B for performing the second control such as to control the smoke ventilator etc. cannot be operated.
Time t₁ while the transistor T₃ located in the timer circuit 3 of the detector De is ON can be determined to be a desirable value by the time constant determined by the resistance of the resistor R₅ and the capacity of the condenser C,. In this case the resistance or the resistor R₆ shall be sufficiently larger than that of the resistor R₅. When the transistor T₃ has been OFF, the N-gate thyristor T₄ located in the operation indicating circuit 4 which forms the oscillation circuit will be OFF, and the circuit 4 will begin to oscillate normally with a regular frequency given by the time constant determined by the resistance of the resistor R₇ and the capacity of the condenser C₂. Hereafter the diode D₂ is flickering as shown in fig. 3 (d). Furthermore, when the transistor T₃ has been OFF, the current flowing in the lines through the thyristor T₂ will be changed-over to a smaller value just above the minimum self-holding current for maintaining the self-holding of the thyristor T₂. This minimum self-holding current flows through the resistors R₈ and R₉, and the line voltage applied to the actuated detector De is reset to the almost normal voltage. Fig. 3 (e) shows the change with time of the line current II flowing through the lines I₁ and 1₂, and fig. 3 (f) shows a periodical change of the line voltage V between the lines I, and 1₂.
Now, when another detector connected with the same detector circuit has actuated, the line voltage VI will drop during the time t, soon after the actuation to a voltage nearly equal to the short-circuit, but the minimum self-holding current of the thyristor T₂ of the previously actuated detector is supplied by the discharge current of the condenser C₃ located in the power supply stabilizing circuit 5 through the resistors R₈ and R₉. The transistor T₅ located in the control panel is ON by the voltage produced again in resistor R₁₁ by the actuation of this other deteetor, and the counter circuit C counts "two" and the transistor T₆ is also ON by the output of the switching circuit 2 at that time, thus, relay B is operated to perform the second control such as to control the smoke ventilator etc.
Fig. 5 shows a circuit diagram of another control panel Re which may be used in connection with the detectors De according to fig. 2. What differs in this control panel from that shown in fig. 4 is merely the fact that the driving part D of an electromagnetic rotary switch unit F is driven by every ON of the transistor T₅ and the wiper W of the rotary switch RS is advanced on the contacts No. 0 to No. 3 step by step, and when the wiper W arrives at the contact No. 2, a circuit to perform the second control is formed.
Fig. 6 shows a circuit diagram of the timer circuit 3 and the operation indicating circuit 4 in which an amperemeter-type operation indicator M is used instead of the light emitting diode D₂ located in the operation indicating circuit 4 of the fire detector De shown in fig. 2. The embodiment shown in fig. 6 is just the same as that shown in fig. 2 except the operation indicating circuit 4. In this circuit a diode D_s for protecting the amperemeter-type operation indicator M is connected in parallel with a series circuit of the amperemeter-type operation indicator M and a resistor R,₄ and further a resistor R₇ is connected in series with the parallel circuit. The operation indicating circuit 4 is connected with the timer circuit 3 as shown in fig. 6. In this embodiment, in the event of fire, when the thyristor T₂ of the detector De has been ON, the large signal current flowing through the transistor T₃ and the relay A mainly flows through the diode D_s. The supervisory current in the supervisory condition and the self-holding current of the thyristor T₂ flows through the resistors R₇, R₁₄, and the indicator M. The indicator M is operated by a part of the large signal current and is self-held by the self-holding current of the thyristor T₂.
It should be noted that the heat sensing thermistors in the above described embodiments of the invention could be replaced by other sensing elements responding to other fire phenomena such as smoke, gas or light. For example the sensing circuit of the detector De may comprise an ionization chamber in series with a refernce element, a photo-electric element or a semiconductor gas sensing element, instead of a thermistor.
As above-mentioned, this invention has the merit that when these fire detectors are used in a fire alarm system, a large current flowing through the detector once operated is promptly reduced to a small current, and the line voltage to which the detectors are connected is promptly returned from a voltage nearly equal to the short-circuit voltage to a voltage nearly equal to the normal voltage, and accordingly even if the fire detectors connected to plural detector lines are operated successively, there is little possibility of addition of the large currents flowing through these detectors and therefore there is no possibility of coming short of the capacity of power source located in the control panel, and the detection of fire by another detector is possible even after an already actuated detector connected is with the same detector line.

Claims

1. Fire detector connectable to a control panel (Re) by electrical lines (I₁, 1₂) and comprising sensor means (Th) for sensing a fire phenomenon such as heat, smoke, gas or light and operating switching means (T₂) short-circuiting the lines and causing an alarm current to flow in the lines to the control panel when a fire has been detected, whereby means for controlling the alarm current are provided, characterised by a timer circuit (3) arranged in one of said lines and having a pre-determined switching time (t,) during which the alarm current is allowed to pass to the control panel in order to operate a signal receiving relay (N) after which the line current is reduced to a smaller value sufficient for holding in operation said switching means (T_Z).

2. A fire detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein operation indicating means (D₂) are provided for an indication of the line current and an oscillation circuit (4) producing a pulsating current in the lines when the line current has been reduced to said smaller value by said timer circuit (3), said pulsating current being sufficient for operating said indication means (D₂).

3. A fire detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said timer circuit (3) comprises relay means (A) for operating an external auxiliary device within said predermined switching time (t,)..