EP0002124B1 - Brûleur pour brûler un combustible liquide - Google Patents

Brûleur pour brûler un combustible liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0002124B1
EP0002124B1 EP78300617A EP78300617A EP0002124B1 EP 0002124 B1 EP0002124 B1 EP 0002124B1 EP 78300617 A EP78300617 A EP 78300617A EP 78300617 A EP78300617 A EP 78300617A EP 0002124 B1 EP0002124 B1 EP 0002124B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
fuel
burner
conduit
fuel vapour
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78300617A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0002124A1 (fr
Inventor
Jacques Bouvin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Esso SA
Original Assignee
Esso SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Esso SA filed Critical Esso SA
Publication of EP0002124A1 publication Critical patent/EP0002124A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0002124B1 publication Critical patent/EP0002124B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C5/00—Stoves or ranges for liquid fuels
    • F24C5/02—Stoves or ranges for liquid fuels with evaporation burners, e.g. dish type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F23D11/448—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by electrical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for burning a liquid fuel, particularly (but not exclusively) a liquid fuel of the type used for domestic heating.
  • a drawback of this burner is that the air supplied to the ejector must be at a relatively high pressure to suck the fuel vapour effectively from the fuel vapourizer and to overcome the back pressure of the ejector. Accordingly, a relatively noisy air supply fan must be used.
  • Another drawback of this type of burner is that it has been observed that the vapourization of the fuel does not proceed in a uniform manner and that accordingly, the size and appearance of the flame tends to vary.
  • air at a relatively high pressure is employed to generate a low pressure in an ejector so as to entrain vapourized fuel from a vapourizing chamber, the air and fuel vapour being mixed on passing through the divergent diffuser of the ejector where the kinetic energy is at least partly converted to pressure energy, and some of the mixture is recirculated to the vapourizing chamber from the downstream end of the diffuser, after combustion, in order to convert liquid fuel to fuel vapour.
  • This burner also is noisy since a relatively high pressure blower must be employed to provide sufficient energy to entrain the fuel vapour, to overcome the back pressure of the ejector and also to furnish sufficient pressure energy to recirculate some of the air-fuel vapour mixture to the vapourizing chamber and to bubble the mixture through liquid fuel in the chamber.
  • the liquid fuel in the chamber is exposed to hot recirculated combustion gases and/or oxygen-containing gases which tend to cause the fuel to degrade and form deposits in the chamber necessitating relatively frequent burner shutdowns for cleaning and maintenance.
  • the control of the flow of fuel vapour must be effected by a throttle valve and no means are provided for automatically securing a particular ratio of air to fuel.
  • Burners of the foregoing types are so constructed that the mixture of air and fuel vapour pass to the burner head through a relatively long downstream section of conduit, and there is, in consequence, an undesirably large amount of fuel vapour in the downstream conduit section which gives rise to fuel vapour condensation (especially during the start-up of the burner) and fouling on the walls of the downstream conduit section necessitating that the latter must be constructed and arranged in such a way that it can be removed for cleaning from time-to-time thus increasing the cost and degree of complication of the burner.
  • the latter must be constructed and arranged in such a way that it can be removed for cleaning from time-to-time thus increasing the cost and degree of complication of the burner.
  • at shut-down of the burner there may tend to be an emission of fuel vapour to the atmosphere.
  • the fuel vapour condensation which tends to take place during start-up tends to make the timing of the start-up of the burner more erratic than desirable.
  • the present invention provides a burner for burning a liquid fuel, comprising a burner head in which a mixture of air and vapour of the liquid fuel is burned in a substantially stable flame; air supply means operable to supply at least some of the air for forming the said mixture of air and fuel vapour; a conduit for conducting air from the said air supply means to the burner head; air swirl means for imparting a swirling or vortex flow to air in the conduit; a vapourizer which is operable independently of the presence of any flame at the burner head for converting liquid fuel to vapour of the liquid fuel out of contact with oxygen-containing gas or hot gases; and a fuel vapour duct for conducting fuel vapour from the vapourizer into the said conduit at or downstream of the location of the air swirl means.
  • air is intended to comprehend any oxygen-containing gas.
  • the length of conduit between the air swirl means and the burner head is as short as possible.
  • the fuel vapour duct is so disposed as to introduce fuel vapour into the conduit at a region where the static pressure of the fuel vapour is substantially equal to, or preferably slightly greater than, the static pressure of the air in that region. It is preferred that the static pressure in that region should be approximately equal to atmospheric pressure.
  • the vapourizer preferably operates to generate fuel vapour at a pressure approximately equal to, or slightly greater than, atmospheric pressure.
  • the vapourizer has no more than two open orifices therein, one being for the supply of liquid fuel to the vapourizer and the other being the entrance to the fuel vapour duct.
  • the vapourizer preferably comprises a substantially vertical riser conduit side-by-side with a substantially vertical downcomer conduit, the riser conduit and downcomer conduit communicating with each other at or near their bottoms, a disengaging chamber connecting the tops of the riser and downcomer conduits for the disengagement of fuel vapour from liquid fuel, and heating means disposed for heating liquid fuel in the riser conduit to its boiling temperature, said heating means preferably defining with the internal wall of the riser conduit a relatively narrow substantially vertical space for the upward circulation of a mixture of liquid and vapourized fuel generated by the action of the heating means on liquid fuel when in the vapourizer.
  • Liquid fuel is preferably supplied to the bottom region of the riser conduit from a constant-liquid-level regulating device.
  • the emission of fuel vapour from the burner at shut-down may be substantially prevented by the provision of a suitable valve member which closes the fuel vapour duct when operated.
  • the valve member may be operated by electromechanical means which are actuated on burner shut-down.
  • the air swirl means is substantially symmetrically disposed about the axis of the exit of the fuel vapour duct. This arrangement facilitates the provision and operation of the valve member.
  • means may be provided for passing a relatively large volume of unheated liquid fuel at a relatively fast regulated rate into the vapourizer when the burner is being shut down in order to cool fuel in the vapourizer below the temperature range at which fuel vapour is produced in order to avoid or reduce the amount of fuel vapour emission at burner shut down.
  • Means are preferably provided to enable liquid fuel above the level set by the constant level device to return to a liquid fuel reservoir when the burner is being started.
  • the burner is generally indicated by reference 10 and comprises a vapourizer 11, for converting liquid fuel into vapours of the liquid fuel, surrounded by insulation and supplied with unheated liquid fuel from a constant level tank (not shown) via pipe 12 and feed pipe 13.
  • the constant level tank is of any type and maintains the liquid fuel level at the level L.
  • a metal casing 14 surrounds the insulation so as to define a space 15 between the casing 14 and the insulation through which air for combustion of the fuel vapour can pass.
  • an axial flow air fan 16 At the bottom of the casing 14 is mounted an axial flow air fan 16 generating relatively low pressures to avoid noise.
  • the fan is driven by an electric motor 17 and has a maximum pressure drop of about 40 mms H 2 0 at zero flow and about 5 mms H 2 0 at normal flow rate, with a power consumption of about 25W.
  • the fan when operating, passes air for combustion upwardly through the space 15.
  • the top of the space 15 is bounded by a horizontal metal casing member 18 having a central hole 19 therethrough. Beneath the hole 19, and substantially coaxial therewith, is a conduit 20 which serves as the outlet for fuel vapour from the vapourizer 11.
  • An air swirl device 21 is disposed in the top of the space 15 to impart to air passing out of the space 15 via the hole 19 a strong swirling or vortex motion so that the mixing with fuel vapour passing out of the top of conduit 20 and through hole 19 is thorough and a relatively uniform mixture of air and fuel vapour is produced above (i.e. downstream of) the hole 19.
  • the hole 19 is arranged to discharge swirling air from the space 15 and fuel vapour from the top of conduit 20 as a substantially uniform mixture into a burner head 23 having a suitable burner grid on (in the illustrated embodiment) the upper surface, so that during operation, the mixture of fuel vapour and air burns above the burner head 23 in an annular flame 24.
  • a burner head and grid of the type used for burning gaseous fuel may be used.
  • the burner 10 is so constructed, arranged and controlled that the amount of air passed to the burner head 23 is between 80% and 120% of the requirement for complete combustion of the fuel vapour.
  • the vapourizer 11 comprises an upwardly extending riser 27 terminating at its top at one side of a separating chamber 28 and a downcomer 26 which extends downwardly from the diametrically opposite side of the chamber 28, the bottom of the downcomer 26 curving smoothly downwards into communication with a bottom region of the riser 27.
  • the riser is of circular cross-section, and a heating element 25 of circular cross-section extends upwardly in the riser 27 from the closed bottom thereof to near the top, and defines therewith an annular clearance of small radial width (e.g. 2.5 mms.).
  • the heating element 25 is heated by an internal electrical heating resistance (not shown) supplied with electric power from terminals E and wires F.
  • Liquid fuel is supplied to the vapourizer 11 from the pipe 12 which has a substantially vertical part terminating at the lower end of the feed pipe 13.
  • the latter is upwardly sloped at a small angle to the horizontal to prevent the passage of fuel vapour into pipe 13 and also to prevent the accumulation of high boiling components of fuel therein.
  • the upper end of the feed pipe is connected into the riser 27 at just above the level at which the downcomer 26 communicates with the riser 27.
  • liquid fuel preferably boiling in the range 150°C to 400°C
  • the level L slightly below the bottom of the chamber 28 and preferably slightly below the top of the heating element 25, the level being regulated by the constant level tank.
  • the skin temperature of the heating element 25 rises and liquid fuel in the narrow annular space between the element 25 and the surrounding riser wall is heated.
  • the lighter fractions of the liquid fuel eventually begin to vapourize and bubbles of vapour form in the liquid in the riser 27 thereby reducing the overall density of the liquid therein.
  • the bubbles tend to rise in riser 27 and to promote an upward flow of liquid and vapourized fuel in riser 27.
  • Unvapourized fuel circulates to the top of the downcomer 26, and cool fuel from the bottom of the downcomer circulates into the bottom of the riser 27.
  • the fuel vapour rises in the chamber 28, initially giving up heat of vapourization and sensible heat to the chamber 28 and circulating to the downcomer 26, but eventually passing out of the vapourizer 11 via the conduit 20 for admixture with swirling air and combustion of the resulting uniform mixture of air and fuel vapour at the bumer head.
  • the air swirl device comprises two co-axial spaced-apart annular metal plates 31, 32 attached to each other by a plurality of angled flat blades 33 which extend from the outer to the inner edges of the plates 31, 32.
  • the spaces between adjacent blades converge inwardly in a generally non-radial, non-tangential sense relative to the central orifices of the plates to define air pathways 34 to a cylindrical central zone inwardly of the blades 33.
  • the central zone receives fuel vapour from the conduit 20 (figure 1) (e.g. via a plenum, not shown in figure 2) and air entering the central zone swirls therearound and mixes thoroughly with the fuel vapour to form a substantially uniform combustible mixture.
  • the resulting mixture passes out of the top of the swirl device via a short duct 35.
  • the arrangement of the blades is somewhat like that of a centrifugal impeller and in the central zone of the device, there is a relative depression of pressure along the axis thereof so that it is possible to adjust the pressure at the exit from conduit 20 to approximately atmospheric pressure.
  • the fuel employed had the following approximate properties:
  • fuel vapour produced in the vapourizer passes upwardly via conduit 20 into the central zone of the air swirl device 21 wherein it is mixed with swirling air entering from the air space 15 between the insulation and the outer casing 14.
  • the resulting mixture of fuel vapour and air passes out of the hole 19 in the horizontal top casing member 18 into a volute 40 which directs the mixture to a linear combustion grid 41 of any known or suitable type used in burning gaseous fuels at the outlet 42 of the volute 40.
  • the symmetry of the principal parts of the burner about the central (vertical) axis enables the burner to be of simple and compact design and of relatively low cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Brûleur à combustible liquide comprenant une tête (23) dans laquelle un mélange d'air et de vapeur de combustible liquide est brûlé en une flamme (24) sensiblement stable, un dispositif (16) d'alimentation en air destiné à fournir au moins une certaine partie de l'air pour former le mélange d'air et de vapeur de combustible, un conduit (15) qui dirige l'air du dispositif (16) d'alimentation vers la tête (23) du brûleur, un vaporiseur (11) qui peut fonctionner indépendamment de la présence de toute flamme à la tête (23) du brûleur afin de transformer le combustible liquide en vapeur de combustible sans contact avec des gaz chauds et/ou un gaz contenant de l'oxygène, et une canalisation (35) de vapeur de combustible destinée à conduire la vapeur de combustible du vaporiseur (11) dans ledit conduit (15), brûleur caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également un dispositif (21) de turbulence d'air destiné à communiquer un mouvement turbulent ou tourbillonnant à l'air s'écoulant dans le conduit (15) et en ce que la canalisation (35) de vapeur de combustible est disposée pour introduire la vapeur de combustible dans le conduit (15) en un point de ce dernier situé à l'emplacement ou en aval du dispositif (21 ) de turbulence.
2. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la canalisation (35) de vapeur de combustible est disposée de manière à introduire la vapeur de combustible dans le conduit (15), à un point de ce dernier où la pression statique de la vapeur de combustible est sensiblement égale ou légèrement supérieure à la pression statique de l'air en ce point, pendant le fonctionnement.
3. Brûleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit point est choisi de manière que, pendant le fonctionnement du brûleur, la pression statique de l'air en ce point soit à peu près égale à la pression d'air.
4. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (21) de turbulence comprend plusieurs aubes plates (33) disposées à l'intérieur de la canalisation (15), les aubes adjacentes convergeant dans une direction qui s'éloigne de la paroi de la canalisation (15) afin de délimiter plusieurs passages convergents destinés à l'écoulement d'une certaine partie de l'air, chacun de ces passages convergents étant incliné par rapport à un rayon partant du centre de la canalisation (15), non radialement et non tangentiellement et dans le même sens que les autres passages convergents.
5. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité amont de la tête (23) du brûleur est située à peu près immédiatement en aval de la sortie du dispositif (21 ) de turbulence.
6. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le vaporiseur (11) ne présente pas plus de deux orifices s'ouvrant à l'intérieur de ce vaporiseur, un orifice constituant une arrivée pour l'alimentation en combustible liquide dans le vaporiseur et l'autre (20) étant l'entrée vers la canalisation (35) de vapeur de combustible et la sortie de la vapeur de combustible du vaporiseur.
7. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le vaporiseur (11) comprend une colonne montante (27) sensiblement verticale, disposée côte à côte avec une colonne descendante (26) sensiblement verticale, la colonne montante (27) et la colonne descendante (26) communiquant l'une avec l'autre par leurs extrémités inférieures ou à proximité de leurs extrémités inférieures, une chambre (28) de dégagement reliant les extrémités supérieures des colonnes montante et descendante (27,26) pour permettre à la vapeur de combustible de se dégager du combustible liquide, et un dispositif chauffant (25) étant disposé dans la colonne montante (27) pour chauffer le combustible liquide contenu dans cette colonne jusqu'à sa température d'ébullition.
8. Brûleur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un tuyau (13) d'alimentation à combustible liquide est disposé de manière à alimenter en combustible liquide la partie inférieure de la colonne montante (27) à partir d'un dispositif de régulation à niveau de liquide constant.
9. Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif qui peut être manoeuvré afin de faire cesser sensiblement l'émission de vapeur de combustible du vaporiseur (11) lorsque le brûleur (10) est arrêté.
EP78300617A 1977-11-11 1978-11-10 Brûleur pour brûler un combustible liquide Expired EP0002124B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4706677 1977-11-11
GB4706677 1977-11-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0002124A1 EP0002124A1 (fr) 1979-05-30
EP0002124B1 true EP0002124B1 (fr) 1980-11-12

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ID=10443587

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78300617A Expired EP0002124B1 (fr) 1977-11-11 1978-11-10 Brûleur pour brûler un combustible liquide

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EP (1) EP0002124B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE2860286D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT7851863A0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2786597A1 (fr) 2010-01-06 2011-07-14 The Outdoor Greatroom Company LLLP Ensemble brasero
CN102330975A (zh) * 2011-07-29 2012-01-25 宁波丽辰电器有限公司 一种液体燃料的气化燃烧装置
CN104053950A (zh) * 2012-02-28 2014-09-17 朱宏锋 一种炉具
US20150159879A1 (en) * 2012-04-23 2015-06-11 Hongfeng Zhu Biomass fuel oven

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH453630A (de) * 1966-09-06 1968-03-31 Vaillant Joh Kg Durch einen Ölvergasungsbrenner beheizter Durchlauferhitzer
GB1479686A (en) * 1973-08-07 1977-07-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Burner equipment
FR2319847A2 (fr) * 1975-07-28 1977-02-25 Exxon France Dispositif pour bruler des combustibles liquides en produisant sans bruit une flamme parfaitement bleue

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2860286D1 (en) 1981-02-05
EP0002124A1 (fr) 1979-05-30
IT7851863A0 (it) 1978-11-10

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