EP0002002B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung auf nassem Wege gleichförmiger Glasfaserbahnen aus einer wässrigen Dispersion - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung auf nassem Wege gleichförmiger Glasfaserbahnen aus einer wässrigen Dispersion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0002002B1
EP0002002B1 EP78101275A EP78101275A EP0002002B1 EP 0002002 B1 EP0002002 B1 EP 0002002B1 EP 78101275 A EP78101275 A EP 78101275A EP 78101275 A EP78101275 A EP 78101275A EP 0002002 B1 EP0002002 B1 EP 0002002B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
surfactant
glass fiber
mat
wet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78101275A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0002002A1 (de
Inventor
Paritosh Mohan Chakrabrati
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GAF Corp
Original Assignee
GAF Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GAF Corp filed Critical GAF Corp
Publication of EP0002002A1 publication Critical patent/EP0002002A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0002002B1 publication Critical patent/EP0002002B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D21H13/40—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/25—Non-macromolecular compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of uniform glass fiber mats by the wet-laid process, and more particularly, it is concerned with improved glass fiber dispersion compositions for use in such a process.
  • High strength, uniform, thin sheets or mats of glass fibers are finding increasing application in the building materials industry, as for example, in asphalt roofing shingles and as backing sheets for vinyl flooring. These glass fiber mats are replacing similar sheets made traditionally of asbestos fibers. Glass fiber mats usually are made commercially by a wet-laid process, which is carried out on modified paper making machinery, as described, for example, in the book by 0. A. Battista, Synthetic Fibers in Papermaking (Wiley) N.Y. 1964. A number of U.S.
  • the known wet-laid process for making glass fiber mats comprises first forming an aqueous suspension of short-length glass fibers under agitation in a mixing tank, then feeding the suspension through a moving screen on which the fibers enmesh themselves while the water is separated therefrom.
  • glass fibers unlike natural fibers, such as cellulose or asbestos, glass fibers do not disperse well in water.
  • glass fibers which come as strands or bundles of parallel fibers, are put into water and stirred, they do not form a well-dispersed system. In fact, upon extended agitation, the fibers agglomerate as large clumps which are very difficult to redisperse.
  • suspending aids for the glass fibers, including surfactants, in order to keep the fibers separated from one another in a relatively dispersed state.
  • Such suspending aids usually are materials which increase the viscosity of the medium so that the fibers can suspend themselves in the medium.
  • Some suspending aids actually are surfactants which function by reducing the surface attraction between the fibers.
  • none of the available suspending aids are entirely satisfactory for large volume manufacture of useful, uniform glass fiber mats.
  • such polymeric suspending aids materials as polyacrylamides. hydroxyethyl cellulose and the like, provide a highly viscous aqueous solutions at high material concentrations, but which is difficult to handle, and particular.. which drains very slowly through the mat forming screen, or foraminous belt.
  • the degree of the suspension formed using such materials is only fair, and suspensions having a fiber consistency of more than 0.005% give poor quality mats.
  • the viscous suspensions also trap air upon agitation near the formation zone to form stable foams which adversely affect the uniformity and strength of the mats.
  • the polymers are not effective at low concentrations, and so are expensive for use in what should be a low cost process.
  • a number of surfactant materials also have been tried for dispersing glass fibers in water, for example, the cationic nitrogen surfactants described in DE - A-2,454,354/FR-A-2,250,719 (June, 1975).
  • the glass fiber filaments are drawn from an extruder nozzle, coated with the cationic surfactant, and moistened before chopping into short-length fibers.
  • the chopped fibers are then compounded in another aqueous solution of a cationic surfactant.
  • the cationic surfactants are applied in two stages to form an aqueous suspension to provide acceptable mats at reasonable speeds of mat production.
  • the quality of the dispersions using the materials of this patent application also is poor.
  • glass fibers can be treated with amine oxides.
  • the compounds mentioned there are concerned with suspensions of rock wool or slag wool, which contain non-fibrous materials in the form of beads. These beads are removed from the mineral wool by special detergents, so that the pure mineral wool can be processed further.
  • Object of the invention is a method for the manufacture of glass mats by the wet-laid process in which the glass fibers in an aqueous medium are mixed with dimethyl hydrogenated tallow amine oxide, dimethylstearylamine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide, or bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)tallow amine oxide.
  • the resultant dispersions then are used to make very high quality glass fiber mats at high rates of production.
  • a stock suspension of the fibrous material of predetermined fiber consistency is prepared in a mixing tank.
  • the suspension then is pumped into a head box of a paper-making machine where it may be further diluted with water to a lower consistency.
  • the diluted suspension then is distributed over a moving foraminous belt under suction to form a non-woven fiber structure or wet mat on the belt.
  • This wet mat structure may be dried, if necessary, then treated with a binder, and, finally, thoroughly dried to give a finished non-woven mat product.
  • the glass fiber filaments or strands generally are chopped into bundles of fibers 0.6 to 7.6 cm to 3 in.) in length, usually 1.3 to 5.1 (1 to 2 in.), and preferably about 2.5 cm (1 in.) long, and usually 3 to 20 microns in diameter, and, preferably about 15 microns.
  • the fibers are added to water containing the amine oxide surfactant of the invention to form a well-dispersed composition.
  • the amine oxide is present at a concentration of 5-500 ppm of the solution and preferably 10-25 ppm.
  • the chopped glass fibers may be coated initially by spraying or otherwise applying the amine oxide surfactant thereon, and then dispersing the coated fibers in the aqueous medium.
  • the coated fibers contain 0.01 to 1% by weight of the amine oxide, and, preferably, between 0.025 to 0.25%.
  • the glass fibers may be dispersed in the amine oxide surfactant at relatively high fiber consistencies while still retaining the effective dispersion characteristics of the composition.
  • a fiber consistency of from 0.001% to 3.0% may be used, and, preferably, 0.05% to 1% is employed, based upon the weight of the fibers in the water.
  • Such compositions furnish excellent dispersions when agitated in conventional mixing equipment.
  • the highly concentrated fiber dispersion compositions may be diluted at the head box, usually to a consistency of 0.1% to 0.3%. and, preferably about 0.2%, which, however, is still a high concentrated fiber dispersion by conventional standards.
  • the dispersion compositions used in the process of the invention are formed without any substantial change in the viscosity of the medium, or of generation of unwanted foams during the process.
  • the dispersions preferably are prepared at or near a neutral pH condition, or perhaps under slightly alkaline conditions, again, without affecting the good quality of the dispersions, or of the finished glass mat products produced therefrom.
  • the dispersion compositions used in the process of the invention produce glass fiber mats which have a high density of fibers therein which are uniformly distributed throughout the mat in a multidirectional array.
  • the finished mats show excellent tensile strength properties, too.
  • the rate of production of the mats is very rapid, indeed, in this invention. In fact, a rate of mat production of over 152 m/min (500 linear ft. min) using conventional paper-making equipment is readily achievable in this process.
  • Example I which includes Tables I and 11 below, is a compilation of experimental data to compare the dispersing abilities of the amine oxide surfactants used in the process of the invention with other well-known surfactant materials of the prior art.
  • compounds 1-4, Group A illustrate some of these amine oxides.
  • the remaining compounds 5 - 25, Group B-H are representative of other surfactant materials used in comparative examples.
  • the surfactant compounds were dissolved in water at various concentrations, ranging from 100 ppm (0.01 %) to 5 ppm (0.0005%) by weight of the surfactant in water.
  • To 100 ml of the surfactant solution was added 1 g of chopped M-glass fiber strands (a 1% fiber consistency), which were 3.8 cm (1 t in.) in length and 15 microns in diameter. The mixture then was agitated for 5 minutes.
  • the quality of a given dispersion was rated on a scale of 1 to 5; a rating of 1 was given to the poorest suspension where the fiber strands agglomerated and/or did not open up as individual fibers.
  • the control was a surfactant free system which was rated at 1.
  • the highest quantity dispersions were rated at 5 in which substantially all the fibers were separated from each other. Intermediate ratings of 4, 3 or 2 indicated a gradual trend towards balling-up of fibers.
  • the amine oxide surfactants used in the method of the invention are outstandingly superior to the other surfactants in their ability to form uniform dispersion glass fiber compositions in water.
  • the cationic surfactants (Group B), for example, are poor dispersing agents for glass fibers, particularly at low concentrations.
  • the other surfactants (Groups C-H) also form very poor fiber dispersions, irrespective of their concentration.
  • the surfactants of Group A exhibit high quality dispersion ratings as will be shown later, they form the desired high quality glass fiber mats in the wet-laid process suitable for use in the building material industry.
  • compound 1 was dissolved in water at various pH and water hardness conditions.
  • the surfactant concentration was 25 ppm and the fiber consistency was 1 g/100 ml of water.
  • This example indicates that the surfactant used in the method of the present invention functions well at or near neutral conditions, or in basic solution, and its dispersion quality is irrespective of the degree of hardness of the aqueous medium.
  • Example 4 The procedure of Example 4 was repeated with compound 1 using 3.5 g of glass fibers.
  • the resultant mat had a density of 0.45 kg/9.3 M 2 (1 Ib/100 sq. ft.) of mat area, and exhibited a uniform distribution and a multidirectional array of fibers therein.
  • Example 4 was repeated using 14 g of glass fibers in place of 7 g of fibers.
  • the mat formed had a density of about 1.8 kg/9.3 m 2 (4 lbs/100 sq. ft.) and again was of excellent quality.
  • a 0.5% glass fiber dispersion was prepared in a mixing tank using 20 ppm solution of surfactant compound 1. This dispersion was pumped into the headbox of the pilot machine and simultaneously diluted with fresh 20 ppm solution of surfactant 1 in water to give a final glass consistency in the headbox of 0.14%. This dilute dispersion then was distributed onto a moving foraminous belt at a rate such that a mat of 0.9 kg fiber/9.3 m 2 (2 Ibs/100 sq. ft.) was obtained. The mat so formed was of excellent quality insofar as uniformity of fiber distribution and fiber array was concerned. No foaming was encountered in the machine at the concentration of the surfactant used in the process.
  • This experiment was run using 300 ppm hardness water, 10 ppm surfactant compound 1 and enough M-glass fiber (0.6-3.2 cm long) to give an approximately 0.9 kg/9.3 m 2 (2 lbs/1 00 sq. ft.) mat.
  • the rate of production was 63 m/min (535 ft/min).
  • the mat was then treated with urea-formaldehyde binder (15% based on weight of the mat), and cured to give a finished mat product of excellent physical properties and fiber distribution.
  • Example 4 was repeated using the surfactant of compound 5 in place of that of compound 1.
  • the mat was of unacceptable quality with considerable clumping of fibers at different areas.
  • Example 9 was repeated using surfactant compound 5 at a 100 ppm concentration. The quality of the mat was still unacceptable with areas of considerable fiber clumping and relatively poor fiber concentration.
  • Example 10 was repeated using the surfactant of Example 11 in place of the surfactant of Example 5. The mat again was of unacceptable quality.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Glasfaserbahnen auf nassem Wege, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Glasfasern in einem wäßrigen Medium mit Dimethyl-hydriertes-Talg-Aminoxid, Dimethylstearylaminoxid, Dimethylhexadexylaminoxid oder bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)-Talg-Aminoxid mischt. mischt.
EP78101275A 1977-11-15 1978-10-31 Verfahren zur Herstellung auf nassem Wege gleichförmiger Glasfaserbahnen aus einer wässrigen Dispersion Expired EP0002002B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/851,683 US4179331A (en) 1977-11-15 1977-11-15 Glass fiber dispersions for making uniform glass fiber mats by the wet-laid process
US851683 1977-11-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0002002A1 EP0002002A1 (de) 1979-05-30
EP0002002B1 true EP0002002B1 (de) 1982-07-14

Family

ID=25311392

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78101275A Expired EP0002002B1 (de) 1977-11-15 1978-10-31 Verfahren zur Herstellung auf nassem Wege gleichförmiger Glasfaserbahnen aus einer wässrigen Dispersion

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4179331A (de)
EP (1) EP0002002B1 (de)
AU (1) AU518746B2 (de)
BE (1) BE871956A (de)
CA (1) CA1132405A (de)
DE (2) DE2861951D1 (de)
FI (1) FI63211C (de)
FR (1) FR2408556A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2008165B (de)
NL (1) NL7810866A (de)
NO (1) NO149458C (de)
SE (1) SE7811760L (de)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4183782A (en) * 1978-07-11 1980-01-15 Gaf Corporation Method of producing glass mats using novel glass fiber dispersion composition
CA1147541A (en) * 1979-08-30 1983-06-07 Alfredo A. Bondoc Glass fiber mat
US4286999A (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-09-01 Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. Method of improving properties of ceramic fibers
US4370169A (en) * 1980-12-31 1983-01-25 Ppg Industries, Inc. Aqueous dispersion of glass fibers and method and composition for producing same
US4381199A (en) * 1980-12-31 1983-04-26 Ppg Industries, Inc. Aqueous dispersion of glass fibers and method and composition for producing same
US4394414A (en) * 1981-05-29 1983-07-19 Ppg Industries, Inc. Aqueous sizing composition for glass fibers for use on chopped glass fibers
US4477524A (en) * 1981-05-29 1984-10-16 Ppg Industries, Inc. Aqueous sizing composition for glass fibers for use on chopped glass fibers
US4681658A (en) * 1982-09-24 1987-07-21 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and nonwoven sheet-like mat and method
US4536447A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-08-20 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and aqueous dispersion and nonwoven mat of glass fibers
US4626289A (en) * 1982-09-24 1986-12-02 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and aqueous dispersion and nonwoven mat of glass fibers
US4457785A (en) * 1982-09-24 1984-07-03 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and nonwoven sheet-like mat and method
US4542068A (en) * 1984-05-18 1985-09-17 Gaf Corporation Method of making glass fiber mat
US4810576A (en) * 1985-09-30 1989-03-07 Ppg Industries, Inc. Treated glass fibers and aqueous dispersion and nonwoven mat of the glass fibers
ES2099119T3 (es) * 1990-12-05 1997-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Material fibroso termoplastico formado humedo y dispersion acuosa para su preparacion.
US5407536A (en) * 1994-02-10 1995-04-18 Rhone-Poulenc Inc. Amphoteric surfactants as glass fiber dispersants for the manufacture of uniform glass fiber mats
US5409574A (en) * 1994-02-10 1995-04-25 Rhone-Poulenc Inc. Propoxylated fatty amine ethoxylate surfactants as glass fiber dispersants for the manufacture of uniform glass fiber mats
DE19632152C2 (de) * 1996-08-09 1999-12-30 Goldschmidt Ag Th Verwendung von tensidischen Verbindungen zur Herstellung von Dämmstoffplatten auf Mineral- und Papierfaserbasis
US6054022A (en) * 1996-09-12 2000-04-25 Owens-Corning Veil U.K. Ltd. Method for producing a non-woven glass fiber mat comprising bundles of fibers
US6294253B1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2001-09-25 Johns Manville International, Inc. Uniformly dispersing fibers
CA2521060A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-14 Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited Separator for use in storage battery, and storage battery
US8114927B1 (en) 2008-11-25 2012-02-14 Building Materials Investment Corp. Asphalt emulsions, products made from asphalt emulsions, and processes for making fibrous mats from asphalt emulsions
US11534942B2 (en) * 2014-02-06 2022-12-27 Owens Coming Intellectual Capital, LLC Postponed differentiation of reinforced composites
US20220219424A1 (en) * 2021-01-11 2022-07-14 Johns Manville Polymeric wet-laid nonwoven mat for flooring applications

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3228825A (en) * 1961-08-15 1966-01-11 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method of forming fibrous structures from a combination of glass fibers and cellulosic fibers
NL130162C (de) * 1962-08-06
DE2110599B2 (de) * 1971-03-05 1978-04-27 Schuller, Werner Hugo Wilhelm, 8022 Gruenwald Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Glasfaservlieses nach dem Naßvliesverfahren
AU7517474A (en) * 1973-11-14 1976-05-13 Johns Manville Producing fiber glass mats
SE438965B (sv) * 1975-02-13 1985-05-28 Berol Kemi Ab Vidareutveckling av settet enligt krav 1 i patentet 7415977-3 for uppdelning av mineralull i fibrer och s k perlor
SE401918B (sv) * 1976-01-19 1978-06-05 Rockwool Ab Sett att framstella en mineralfiberprodukt

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO783702L (no) 1979-05-16
SE7811760L (sv) 1979-05-16
FR2408556A1 (fr) 1979-06-08
AU518746B2 (en) 1981-10-15
FI63211C (fi) 1983-05-10
GB2008165A (en) 1979-05-31
FI63211B (fi) 1983-01-31
NO149458C (no) 1984-05-02
NO149458B (no) 1984-01-16
FI783348A (fi) 1979-05-16
US4179331A (en) 1979-12-18
EP0002002A1 (de) 1979-05-30
BE871956A (fr) 1979-05-14
GB2008165B (en) 1982-08-04
DE2861951D1 (en) 1982-09-02
NL7810866A (nl) 1979-05-17
DE2847334A1 (de) 1979-05-17
AU4073778A (en) 1980-04-24
CA1132405A (en) 1982-09-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0002002B1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung auf nassem Wege gleichförmiger Glasfaserbahnen aus einer wässrigen Dispersion
US4265704A (en) Method of dispersing bundles of glass fibers for making glass fiber mats by the wet-laid process
CA1120205A (en) Method of producing glass mats using novel glass fiber dispersion composition
US6291552B1 (en) Method for producing a glass mat
US4457785A (en) Treated glass fibers and nonwoven sheet-like mat and method
CA1120348A (en) Method of forming glass fiber dispersions with cationic quaternary ammonium surfactants having at least two long chain groups
EP0003220B1 (de) Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Stärke einer auf nassem Wege hergestellten feuchten Glasfasermatte
WO1999045198A1 (en) Method for producing a non-woven glass fiber mat comprising bundles of fibers
US4178204A (en) Wet-strength of wet glass fiber mats by treatment with anionic polyelectrolytes
US4370169A (en) Aqueous dispersion of glass fibers and method and composition for producing same
US4681658A (en) Treated glass fibers and nonwoven sheet-like mat and method
US4536446A (en) Treated glass fibers and nonwoven sheet-like mat and method
US4200487A (en) Economical method of making high-strength glass fiber mats particularly useful for roofing products
US5409574A (en) Propoxylated fatty amine ethoxylate surfactants as glass fiber dispersants for the manufacture of uniform glass fiber mats
US5407536A (en) Amphoteric surfactants as glass fiber dispersants for the manufacture of uniform glass fiber mats
US3864155A (en) Glass fiber size and resulting product
AU611668B2 (en) Low density mineral wool panel and method
US8157957B2 (en) Method for making a fiber glass and cellulose mat in cationic medium
CA1068144A (en) Machine made light weight glass fiber web material
WO2001042564A1 (en) Compositions having influence on the strength of paper
KR830002700B1 (ko) 로진물질의 수성에멀션의 제법
WO1982001557A1 (en) Glass size compositions

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB NL SE

17P Request for examination filed
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 2861951

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19820902

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19821031

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19821231

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19830927

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19830929

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19831031

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19831031

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19840501

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19841101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19850628

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19850702

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19881117

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 78101275.2

Effective date: 19851008

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT