EP0000850B1 - Force multiplying mechanism and stop cock equipped with such a mechanism - Google Patents

Force multiplying mechanism and stop cock equipped with such a mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000850B1
EP0000850B1 EP78400041A EP78400041A EP0000850B1 EP 0000850 B1 EP0000850 B1 EP 0000850B1 EP 78400041 A EP78400041 A EP 78400041A EP 78400041 A EP78400041 A EP 78400041A EP 0000850 B1 EP0000850 B1 EP 0000850B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
driving
rolling
ramp
force
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP78400041A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000850A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Louis Christian Barbe
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Pont a Mousson SA
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Pont a Mousson SA
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Publication of EP0000850A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000850A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/16Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid with a mechanism, other than pulling-or pushing-rod, between fluid motor and closure member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H25/00Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/183Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions conveying only reciprocating motion, e.g. wedges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to force multiplier mechanisms of the type comprising a driving member movable along an axis and having a driving surface making a relatively small angle with this axis, a fixed bearing surface making a relatively large angle with this axis, a movable driven member along said axis and having an attack surface perpendicular to this axis, and rolling members capable of coming into contact simultaneously with these three surfaces.
  • Such mechanisms are particularly advantageous when looking for a large thrust and a small displacement, for example to cause a blockage or a locking of a valve shutter or of a machine tool tool.
  • the rolling members each consist of a ball, a roller, a roller or a barrel.
  • Each of these members thus has three point or linear contacts, at the rate of one contact with each of these surfaces, but it is only on the surface of the leading member that there is rolling, the other two contacts being of friction. This results in a significant loss of energy by friction.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a force multiplier mechanism which overcomes this drawback by offering, under the same conditions as above, three rolling contacts instead of just one.
  • each rolling member comprises three independent rolling elements freely rotatable about the same axis, each of these elements being able to roll on one and only one of the three surfaces.
  • the mechanism can be used to transmit as is an effort over any distance and to multiply this effort only at the end of the race.
  • a second multiplier assembly comprising a second driving surface, a second bearing surface and a second attack surface as well as a second set of rolling members similar to the first, this second set being arranged so as to multiply the force in the direction of movement of the driving member opposite to the first.
  • the force multiplier mechanism according to the invention lends itself particularly well to the actuation of a tap for industrial fluids pipelines requiring a high force only for the start of opening of the shutter and for the end of closing, and a corresponding small stroke. This is why the invention also relates to a valve with sliding shutter and actuating actuator, characterized in that between the servomotor and the shutter operating rod is interposed a force multiplier mechanism such as defined above.
  • Industrial valves likely to benefit from this application are, for example, gate valves with one or two wedge-shaped lids or valves of the valve type or with a wedge-shaped obturator and a conjugate flared seat.
  • FIG. 1 which represents in a meridian section a known force multiplier mechanism
  • the principle of such a mechanism is as follows.
  • a driving or driving member 1 constituted for example by a part of revolution about an axis X-X, comprises a ramp 2 of slight inclination of angle x relative to the axis X-X.
  • This ramp 2 can be frustoconical with axis X-X or else be planar.
  • a support or reaction member is constituted by a fixed tapered ramp 3 of axis XX, of angle of inclination y substantially greater than the angle x and converging in the direction opposite to the ramp 2 so as to form with the latter a hollow corner or angle z with a movable wall 2 parallel to the axis XX.
  • a driven member 4 has an end portion constituted by a sleeve of axis X-X having a leading surface or abutment 5 perpendicular to the axis X-X; this member 4 is movable parallel to the axis X ⁇ X.
  • the surface 5 forms in meridian section the third side of a triangle, the other two sides of which are the ramps 2 and 3.
  • Force transmission members arranged in the space between the ramps 2 and 3 and the surface 5, are constituted for example by balls 6 distributed around the axis X-X.
  • the balls 6 have tangential and punctual contacts A, B, C respectively with the ramp 2, the ramp 3 and the attack surface 5.
  • each ball 6 forms during the active phase of the mechanism, a circle inscribed in the triangle 2-3-5.
  • a driving force f parallel to the axis X-X is applied to the driving member 1.
  • the member 1 then moves in the same direction, and its ramp 2 tends to push each ball 6 out of the point of angle z of the triangle 2-3-5.
  • This movement causes a discharge of each ball 6, forcing it to roll on the ramp 2 and to move along the fixed reaction or support ramp 3 which in turn gives it a certain displacement parallel to the axis XX.
  • Due to the difference between the angles x and y; the displacement of the balls 6 is substantially less than the original displacement of the driving member and, correspondingly, the balls transmit to the surface 5 a force F significantly greater than f. It is the slope of ramp 2 which gives the effort multiplication ratio F / f.
  • each ball 6 is replaced by a set of three rolling elements 7-8-9 coaxial with axis YY perpendicular to XX, of different diameters, mounted idly and independent around this YY axis.
  • rolling elements 7-8-9 coaxial with axis YY perpendicular to XX, of different diameters, mounted idly and independent around this YY axis.
  • rollers or rollers These are rollers or rollers.
  • the rollers 7 and 8 Due to the size of the rollers 7 and 8, two of the rolling surfaces are indented to allow them to rotate freely without contact: these are the ramp 2, indented in a groove 10, and the attack surface 5, indented in a groove 11.
  • the ramps 2 and 3 are flat.
  • the operation is the same as before: the set of rollers 7, 8 and 9 of transmission transmits the work fX L of the member leading to ramp 2 to the driven member of attack surface 5 by transforming this work into FX / increasing the thrust and decreasing the stroke.
  • the three rollers rotate in the directions indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2A.
  • a descent of the force multiplication ramp 2 in the direction of the arrow f narrows the angular interval between the ramps 2 and 3 and forces to descend the rolling members.
  • a rise in the ramp 2 widens the abovementioned angular interval and allows a rise in the rolling members when a thrust force is exerted upwards on the driven member 4.
  • a force multiplier mechanism according to the principle of FIG. 2 lends itself particularly well to actuating the operating rod of the shutter of an industrial valve, for example of the valve or valve type, taking into account the fact that the opening and closing operations require significant efforts with small displacements, and that the displacement of the shutter between the two extreme positions requires only a much weaker effort.
  • the single acting force multiplier mechanism of FIG. 5 comprises a tubular body of axis XX in two parts 12 and 13 screwed one on the other by female and male threads 14 a -14 b .
  • the cap portion 12, shown unscrewed in FIG. 5 comprises a central cylindrical opening 15 to deliver passage to the motor or driving member, and a support or reaction ramp 3 frustoconical. The details of this mechanism are visible in Figs. 6 and 7, which show a globe valve fitted with a similar mechanism.
  • Part 13 is used to house the driving, driven and transmission components. It has for this purpose a blind cylindrical cavity 16 open upwards in which slides, by its external cylindrical surface, a tubular sleeve 4 constituting the driven member. This sleeve is hollowed out on its upper edge by a number of notches 11 a -11 b in steps equal to the number of sets of transmission elements 7-8-9, here equal to three.
  • the deep indentations 11 8 receive with play the rolling and force and stroke transmission elements 7 and 8 which do not roll on the lateral bearings 11 b , which constitute both the attack or abutment surface 5 and means for lateral positioning of the elements 9 of smaller diameter.
  • the blind cylindrical cavity 17 of the sleeve 4 serves as a guide for a cylindrical driving member 1 truncated into as many flat ramps 2 as there are sets of rolling members, here three in number.
  • Each ramp 2 is indented by a straight groove 10 and parallel to the ramp 2.
  • each set of rolling elements 7-8-9 is housed between the driving member 1, the driven sleeve 4 and the cap 12 of the body.
  • each set of rolling elements 7-8-9 is mounted according to a system provided with symmetry (FIG. 7), with a cylindrical roller 8 of large diameter flanked by two rollers 7 of smaller diameter.
  • the rollers 7 and 8 rotate freely, independently of each others, on a roller 9 of axis YY, of much smaller diameter than the rollers 7 and whose length is substantially greater than the sum of the lengths of the generators of the rollers 7 and 8, so as to have its active rolling ends projection relative to the rollers 7.
  • the roller 8 is intended to roll on the fixed support ramp 3 of the part 12 forming a cover.
  • the notch 10 of the ramps 2 has a length greater than that of the roller 8 and a depth greater than the difference of the radii between the roller 8 and the rollers 7 in order to allow passage to the roller 8 with play, without contact.
  • the two rollers 7 of average diameter roll on the ramp 2.
  • the roller 9 rolls by its free and active ends on the notches 11 of the tubular sleeve 4, which offer an active surface of width greater than the active length of each end of the roller 9.
  • the notches 1 1 a of the sleeve 4 provide passage with clearance , without contact, to the rollers 7 and 8 and therefore have a width greater than the sum of the lengths of the generators of a roller 8 and two rollers 7 and a depth, relative to the notches 1 1 b , greater than the difference of radius between roller 8 and roller 9.
  • the rolling contacts of the rollers 7 and the rollers 9 are not punctual but linear along generators, the traces of which, in the diagram of FIG. 2, are points A and C; similarly, due to the short axial length of the rollers 8, there is also a linear contact at B.
  • the frustoconical ramp 3 can be replaced by three flat ramps, or else the central roller 8 rolling on this ramp 3 can be curved in a barrel, while the three ramps 2 with flattening could be replaced by a single frustoconical ramp and the rollers 7 could remain cylindrical or else be curved in barrels.
  • the valve itself in FIG. 6 comprises a body 20 of axis X-X, fluid flow conduits in the direction of the arrows, 21 for the inlet and 22 for the outlet, perpendicular to the axis X-X; at the ends of these conduits are provided connection means with pipes by thread 23 and by flange 24
  • the body 20 also comprises a plane seat 25 of axis XX and a cylindrical upper pot 26 with internal thread 27.
  • a lower tubular extension 30 of the part 13 of the multiplier mechanism In this extension 30, forming the cap of the valve, slides with a sealed seal the operating rod 28 of the valve 29 of the valve.
  • the part 12 of the multiplier body forming a cap of axis XX, is surmounted by a boss 12 ° of connection by threading with the body 31 of a diaphragm cylinder constituting a servomotor.
  • the membrane 32 of axis XX ' is integral with a push rod 33 of axis XX guided through a bore of the boss 12 8 and capable of exerting a thrust on the upper end edge of the driving member 1 of the effort multiplier mechanism.
  • the latter is in fact in the form of a hollow capsule with cavity 34 oriented downwards.
  • the body 31 has at its upper part an opening 35 capable of being connected to a supply of pressurized working fluid, for example compressed air.
  • the membrane 32 is subjected on its upper face to the pressure of the working fluid and, on its lower face, to the antagonistic action of a return spring 36 bearing on the lower bottom of the body 31.
  • the driven sleeve 4 slides in the cavity 16 against a helical spring 37 bearing on the lower bottom of this cavity and on an external shoulder 4 8 of the sleeve 4.
  • the bottom 38 of this sleeve 4 is fixed to the operating rod 28 which passes through it, for example by a screw 39.
  • the sleeve 4 is integral in translation with the operating rod 28 of the valve.
  • the driving member 1 can slide in the cavity 17 under the opposing actions of the push rod 33, therefore of the diaphragm cylinder 32, and of a helical return spring 40 compressed between the bottom upper of the cavity 34 and a fixed intermediate ring 41 fixed to the cap 30 of the tap by at least one pin 42 which crosses with play the bottom of the bowl 38 of the sleeve 4.
  • the valve 29 When the diaphragm cylinder 32 is inactive, that is to say not supplied by the conduit 35 with pressurized fluid, the valve 29 is applied to its seat 25 in the closed position, under the action of the return spring 40 In fact, the spring 40 causes the member 1 to rise, so that the angular interval between the ramps 2 and 3 tends to narrow, which causes the downward movement of the rolling members 7-8-9, of which the descent of the sleeve 4 and of the valve assembly 28-29 which is integral therewith.
  • FIG. 6 This operation is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 6A: in Fig. 6, when the distance d 'between the capsule 1 and the upper bottom of the cap 12 is the smallest (cylinder at rest), the distance D' between the axis YY of the bearing members 7-8-9 and this bottom is the largest. Consequently, the sleeve 4 and consequently the valve 29 are in the low position (closing). In Fig. 6, when the distance d 'between the capsule 1 and the upper bottom of the cap 12 is the smallest (cylinder at rest), the distance D' between the axis YY of the bearing members 7-8-9 and this bottom is the largest. Consequently, the sleeve 4 and consequently the valve 29 are in the low position (closing). In Fig. 6, when the distance d 'between the capsule 1 and the upper bottom of the cap 12 is the smallest (cylinder at rest), the distance D' between the axis YY of the bearing members 7-8-9 and this bottom is the largest. Consequently, the slee
  • the ramp or ramps 2 are. converging towards the shutter and its seat.
  • This variant uses, like that of FIG. 6, a mechanism known as a simple multiplication effect because it offers a certain ratio or factor of multiplication of the motor force only during the locking stroke, and is satisfied with a direct transmission of the motor force, without multiplication, during the return race, that is to say unlocking and opening.
  • This mechanism is implemented in the following manner.
  • This member consists of a cone with an inclined ramp 2 which slides on an axial guide pin 43 with a head 44 passing through a stepped bore 45 of this cone.
  • This pin is integral with the valve operating rod 29 by means of a portion of threaded rod 46 screwed into the upper end of the operating rod 28 so that the pin 43 and this rod 28 are secured to the sleeve 4.
  • the latter has an attack surface 5 in which three notches 11 are formed.
  • the cone 1 is actuated by a push rod 33 slightly modified compared to that of FIG. 6 since it comprises a flange 33a for fixing to the cone 1, or any other equivalent fixing means.
  • the ramp 2 the slope of which defines the effort multiplication ratio or factor F / f, has a special feature which does not exist in FIG. 6: it comprises a clearance portion 2 8 which is strongly inclined relative to the axis XX, followed downwards by a level portion 2 b roughly parallel to the axis XX.
  • the portion 2a abruptly widens the angular interval between the cone 1 and a cylindrical rolling cavity 47 extending upward the support ramp 3 of the cover 12 of the force multiplier mechanism.
  • the clearance 2a facilitates the penetration of the rolling members into the cavity 47 during the recoil stroke of the driving member 1 and limits the force of the roller 8 on this cylindrical cavity at the point of contact B because this force, without the portion 2 28 , would be unnecessarily large and would cause excessive wear of the cavity 47.
  • the cap 12 of the mechanism body and the part 13 of this body forming the valve cap has internally a bearing guide cavity for the transmission members 7-8-9, which decomposes, from top to bottom, into a cylindrical part 47, mentioned above, a flared part with flat straight ramp or frustoconical 3, and a cylindrical part 48 of diameter greater than the part 47.
  • rollers 7 and 8 and the roller 9 are shown here in a single copy, but appear in several sets distributed around the axis X ⁇ X of symmetry of the mechanism. They are intended to roll inside the space limited by the ramps 2 ⁇ 2 a ⁇ 2 b , the attack surface 5 and the rolling cavity 47-3-48.
  • the rod 33 exerts an upward traction on the cone 1 (direction of the arrow g 2 ), thus widening the angular interval between the ramps 2 and 3 and exerting no force on the rolling members.
  • the cone 1 quickly returns to contact with the head 44 by sliding on the spindle 43 without the rolling members 7-8-9 moving.
  • the cone 1 directly drives the head 44 and the operating rod 28 which is integral therewith.
  • the rolling members 8 and 9 are content to roll on their respective rolling surfaces 47 and 5 without playing any active role. There is simple transmission of effort without multiplication.
  • the rollers 7 are released from the ramp 2 and, when the roller 8 arrives in B ', the rollers 7 are housed in the clearance portion 2a. We find the configuration of FIG. 9, then that of FIG. 8.
  • Figs. 11 to 13 show a variant of a multiplier mechanism according to the invention which is said to have a double multiplication effect because it offers a certain ratio or multiplication factor both during the locking stroke and during the unlocking stroke.
  • This mechanism is partly analogous to the previous mechanism of Figs. 8 to 10, but it has a greater length measured parallel to the axis X-X, because it comprises in duplicate a certain number of similar parts.
  • This mechanism is implemented in the following manner.
  • this member is slidably mounted on the rod 43 with a head 44 of axis XX, but the hollow cone 1 is doubled by one. Similar cone 1 a with ramp 2 1 of slope opposite to that of ramp 2 and with grooves 10 a .
  • the cones 1 and 1 a which are joined by a cylindrical part 49, are of the same axis XX and form only one unit which is integrally sliding on the rod 43 and actuated by the push rod 33, of which it is integral. They can also be integral with a screwed piston 33- sliding in the cylindrical cavity 47, which then forms the cylinder of the actuating cylinder (FIG. 11a).
  • Part 12 is longer than previously and internally, successively from top to bottom, the following parts; a cylindrical cavity 47; a flared part with a straight or frustoconical ramp 3; again a cylindrical cavity 48 of diameter greater than the part 47; a tightening part 50 with a straight or frustoconical ramp with a slope opposite to that of part 3; and a cylindrical cavity 51.
  • the elements 7-8-9 are intended to roll inside the space limited by the ramps 2 ⁇ 2 a ⁇ 2 b , the attack surface 5 of the driving member 4 and the rolling cavity 47- 3-48.
  • the elements 107-108-109 are intended to roll inside the space limited by the ramps 49-2 c , another attack surface 5a of the driven member 4 and the cavity 47-3-48- 50.
  • a pusher which differs from the sleeve 4 of FIG. 8 by a greater length.
  • stepped openings 53 (Fig. 11 B) distributed uniformly around the axis XX in number equal to the end recesses 11 and each serving as a housing for a set of elements 107-108-109.
  • the active bearing surface of the roller 109 is the upper face 5a of the ends of the open ture 53, and the rollers 107 and 108 can roll freely inside this opening.
  • the elements 107 and 108 instead of being constituted by rollers, are constituted by rings threaded one on the other and on the roller 109.
  • the dimensioning is chosen so that even if the elements 107-108-109 leave the openings 53, they remain positioned in relation to them and return there by themselves.
  • the approach stroke of the shutter towards the closed position can be as large as possible and depends only on the length of the cylindrical cavity 47 .
  • the double-acting mechanism ensures one.
  • the single-acting mechanism of Figs. 8 to 10 is therefore applicable to conventional globe valves with well-defined fluid flow direction and of small diameter, while the double-acting mechanism of FIGS. 11 to 13 is useful for single-valve or two-valve valves that may get stuck, as well as for warhead and flared conjugate seat valves and for globe valves where the direction of flow of the fluid does not is not defined and the valve of which can therefore be subjected to a significant closing pressure, thus requiring a significant lifting effort.
  • the sleeve 1 of FIG. 6 has ramps of reverse inclination of that of the cone 1 of FIGS. 8 to 13.
  • the movements of the driving members to cause the opening and closing of the valve are opposite: this is the rise of the sleeve 1 of FIG. 6 but the descent of the cone 1 of FIGS. 8 to 13 which causes the closure.
  • the direction of the inclination of the ramps 2 will be chosen according to the needs of the construction; it should be noted that this choice is not possible with the ball mechanisms or the like of the prior art and is made possible by the ability of the rollers 7 and 8 to rotate in opposite directions.
  • FIG. 14 A variant of the tap of FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 14.
  • the engine cone 1 with ramps 2 has its conicity converging towards the valve (not shown) and diverging towards the actuator. This conicity is therefore opposite to that of the sleeve 1 of FIG. 6.
  • a 40 ° return resort in the closed position is compressed between the cone 1 and the upper arch of the cover 12.
  • the spring 40 or 40 8 which ensures the recall to the closed position, this is for safety reasons, the valve being assumed to remain normally closed as long as the actuator does not receive a pressurized fluid.
  • the spring 40 or 40 8 which ensures the recall to the closed position
  • the force multiplication ramp 2 may successively comprise two slopes, one for approaching with a certain multiplication, the other for locking with an even greater multiplication.
  • the first slope could for example give a multiplication factor of 5 and the second a multiplication factor of 10 to 12. The latter would be on the side of the end furthest from the axis of movement of the ramp.
  • the ramp 2 can also have a continuously variable slope, like a cam.
  • the multiplier of the invention can be used not only for actuating valves, but also for blocking or clamping workpieces on machine tools, the valve 29 becoming the blocking or clamping tool.
  • the invention is also applicable to the actuation of marking or cutting punches, the valve 29 becoming a cutting tool.
  • the invention is also applicable to clutches, the operating rod 28 then being secured to a disc or a clutch cone.

Description

La présente invention est relative aux mécanismes multiplicateurs d'effort du type comprenant un organe menant mobile suivant un axe et présentant une surface menante faisant un angle relativement faible avec cet axe, une surface d'appui fixe faisant un angle relativement grand avec cet axe, un organe mené mobile suivant ledit axe et présentant une surface d'attaque perpendiculaire à cet axe, et des organes de roulement pouvant venir en contact simultanément avec ces trois surfaces.The present invention relates to force multiplier mechanisms of the type comprising a driving member movable along an axis and having a driving surface making a relatively small angle with this axis, a fixed bearing surface making a relatively large angle with this axis, a movable driven member along said axis and having an attack surface perpendicular to this axis, and rolling members capable of coming into contact simultaneously with these three surfaces.

De tels mécanismes sont particulièrement intéressants lorsqu'on recherche une poussée importante et un faible déplacement, par exemple pour provoquer un blocage ou un ver- rouilage d'un obturateur de robinet ou d'un outil de machine-outil.Such mechanisms are particularly advantageous when looking for a large thrust and a small displacement, for example to cause a blockage or a locking of a valve shutter or of a machine tool tool.

Le principe des mécanismes de ce genre est connu: l'organe moteur ou menant est animé, sous l'action d'un effort modéré, d'une course relativement importante. Ce mouvement est transmis par l'intermédiaire des organes de roulement, qui prennent appui sur la surface d'appui fixe d'inclinaison plus forte, à l'organe mené, par action sur la surface d'attaque de celui-ci, chaque organe de roulement se trouvant ainsi emprisonné entre des trois surfaces considérées.The principle of mechanisms of this kind is known: the motor or driving organ is animated, under the action of a moderate effort, of a relatively large stroke. This movement is transmitted via the rolling members, which bear on the fixed bearing surface of greater inclination, to the driven member, by action on the attack surface thereof, each member rolling thus being trapped between the three surfaces considered.

Dans les mécanismes connus de ce type, les organes de roulement sont constitués chacun par une bille, un galet, un rouleau ou un tonneau. Chacun de ces organes a ainsi trois contacts ponctuels ou linéaires, à raison d'un contact avec chacune de ces surfaces, mais c'est seulement sur la surface de l'organe menant qu'il y a roulement, les deux autres contacts étant de frottement. Il en résulte une perte d'énergie importante par.frottement.In known mechanisms of this type, the rolling members each consist of a ball, a roller, a roller or a barrel. Each of these members thus has three point or linear contacts, at the rate of one contact with each of these surfaces, but it is only on the surface of the leading member that there is rolling, the other two contacts being of friction. This results in a significant loss of energy by friction.

L'invention a pour but de- fournir un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort qui remédie à cet inconvénient en offrant dans les mêmes conditions que ci-dessus trois contacts de roulement au lieu d'un seul.The object of the invention is to provide a force multiplier mechanism which overcomes this drawback by offering, under the same conditions as above, three rolling contacts instead of just one.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un mécanisme du type précité, caractérisé en ce que chaque organe de roulement comporte trois éléments de roulement indépendants librement rotifs autour d'un même axe, chacun de ces éléments pouvant rouler sur une et une seule des trois surfaces.To this end, the invention relates to a mechanism of the aforementioned type, characterized in that each rolling member comprises three independent rolling elements freely rotatable about the same axis, each of these elements being able to roll on one and only one of the three surfaces.

Si de plus la surface d'appui est précédée, en considérant le sens actif de déplacement de l'organe menant, d'une surface parallèle à l'axe, la surface menante présentant un décrochement formant un angle important par rapport à cet axe, le mécanisme peut servir à transmettre tel quel un effort sur une distance quelconque et à ne multiplier cet effort qu'en fin de course.If, in addition, the bearing surface is preceded, considering the active direction of movement of the driving member, by a surface parallel to the axis, the driving surface having a recess forming a large angle with respect to this axis, the mechanism can be used to transmit as is an effort over any distance and to multiply this effort only at the end of the race.

Pour rendre le mécanisme à double effet multiplicateur d'effort, il peut être prévu un second ensemble multiplicateur comprenant une seconde surface menante, une seconde surface d'appui et une seconde surface d'attaque ainsi qu'un second jeu d'organes de roulement analogues aux premiers, ce second ensemble étant agencé de façon à multiplier l'effort dans le sens de déplacement de l'organe menant opposé au premier.To make the mechanism double acting force multiplier, there may be provided a second multiplier assembly comprising a second driving surface, a second bearing surface and a second attack surface as well as a second set of rolling members similar to the first, this second set being arranged so as to multiply the force in the direction of movement of the driving member opposite to the first.

Le mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort suivant l'invention se prête particulièrement bein à l'actionnement d'un robinet pour canalisations industrielles de fluides nécessitant un effort élevé seulement pour le début d'ouverture de l'obturateur et pour la fin de fermeture, et une faible course correspondante. C'est pourquoi l'invention a également pour objet un robinet à obturateur coulissant et à servomoteur d'actionnement, caractérisé en ce qu'entre le servomoteur et la tige de manoeuvre de l'obturateur est interposé un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort tel que défini ci-dessus.The force multiplier mechanism according to the invention lends itself particularly well to the actuation of a tap for industrial fluids pipelines requiring a high force only for the start of opening of the shutter and for the end of closing, and a corresponding small stroke. This is why the invention also relates to a valve with sliding shutter and actuating actuator, characterized in that between the servomotor and the shutter operating rod is interposed a force multiplier mechanism such as defined above.

Grâce à cet agencement, on peut par exemple remplacer un vérin d'actionnement à forte poussée, à membrane de grande surface, donc coûteux et de grand encombrement, qui aurait été nécessaire dans une commande classique, par un vérin beaucoup plus petit, dont la force de poussée est multiplée par le mécanisme de l'invention. Ceci permet d'utiliser un vérin disponible dans le commerce au lieu d'avoir à réaliser un vérin spécial de grandes dimensions, car les vérins habituellement disponibles dans le commerce sont de dimensions limitées. De plus, une telle application industrielle est particulièrement intéressante lorsque c'est l'air comprimé qui est utilisé comme fluide moteur pour le vérin, puisque dans la plupart des cas la pression de l'air disponible est limitée à quelques bars.Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible, for example, to replace an actuating cylinder with high thrust, with a membrane of large surface area, therefore expensive and of great bulk, which would have been necessary in a conventional order, by a much smaller cylinder, the thrust force is multiplied by the mechanism of the invention. This allows the use of a commercially available cylinder instead of having to make a special large cylinder, because the cylinders usually available commercially are of limited dimensions. In addition, such an industrial application is particularly advantageous when it is the compressed air which is used as the working fluid for the jack, since in most cases the pressure of the available air is limited to a few bars.

Les robinets industriels susceptibles de bénéficier de cette application sont par exemple les robinets-vannes à un ou deux opercules en forme de coin ou les robinets du type à soupape ou encore à obturateur en ogive et à siège évasé conjugué.Industrial valves likely to benefit from this application are, for example, gate valves with one or two wedge-shaped lids or valves of the valve type or with a wedge-shaped obturator and a conjugate flared seat.

D'autres caractérisques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows.

Aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple:

  • la Fig. 1 est un schéma d'un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort de type connu;
  • la Fig. 2 est un Schéma d'un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort suivant l'invention;
  • la Fig. 2A est un schéma analogue à la Fig. 2 illustrant le fonctionnement de ce mécanisme;
  • la Fig. 3 est un diagramme représentant la course de la tige d'actionnement d'un robinet en fonction de l'effort exercé sur cette tige, pour un premier type de robinet;
  • la Fig. 4 est un diagramme analogue correspondant à un second type de robinet;
  • la Fig. 5 est une vue en perspective partiellement éclatée d'un mécanisme suivant l'invention;
  • la Fig. 6 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un robinet à soupape équipé d'un mécanisme analogue à celui de la Fig. 5;
  • la Fig. 6A est une vue de détail illustrant le fonctionnement du mécanisme de la Fig. 6;
  • la Fig. 7 est une vue partielle de détail prise suivant la ligne 7-7 de la Fig. 6;
  • la Fig. 8 est une demi-vue schématique en coupe d'un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort du type à simple effet, appliqué à l'actionnement d'une tige de manoeuvre de robinet, en phase d'approché;
  • la Fig. 9 est une vue analogue à la Fig. 8 du même mécanisme en début de verrouillage de fermeture;
  • la Fig. 10 est une vue du même mécanisme en position de verrouillage de la tige de manoeuvre;
  • les Fig. 8A et 10A sont des vues partielles de détail des Fig. 8 et 10 respectivement;
  • la Fig. 11 est une demi-vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un robinet à soupape équipé d'un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort suivant l'invention du type à double effet, en position de course d'approche vers la fermeture;
  • la Fig. 11 A est une vue partielle de détail d'une variante du robinet de la Fig. 11;
  • la Fig. 11 B est une vue de détail prise en coupe suivant la ligne 11 B-11 1 B de la Fig. 11;
  • la Fig. 12 est une vue correspondant à la Fig. 11 du même mécanisme en début de verrouillage;
  • la Fig. 13 est une vue du même mécanisme en position de verrouillage en fermeture et en position de début de déverrouillage, en vue de l'ouverture;
  • la Fig. 14 est une vue partielle en coupe d'une variante de réalisation du mécanisme de la Fig. 6.
In the accompanying drawings, given solely by way of example:
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of a known type of force multiplier;
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of a force multiplier mechanism according to the invention;
  • Fig. 2A is a diagram similar to FIG. 2 illustrating the operation of this mechanism;
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram representing the stroke of the valve actuating rod as a function of the force exerted on this rod, for a first type of valve;
  • Fig. 4 is a similar diagram corresponding to a second type of valve;
  • Fig. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view of a mechanism according to the invention;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view in axial section of a globe valve fitted with a mechanism similar to that of FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 6A is a detailed view illustrating the operation of the mechanism of FIG. 6;
  • Fig. 7 is a partial detail view taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic half-view in section of a force multiplier mechanism of the single-acting type, applied to the actuation of a valve operating rod, in the approach phase;
  • Fig. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8 of the same mechanism at the start of closing locking;
  • Fig. 10 is a view of the same mechanism in the locking position of the operating rod;
  • Figs. 8A and 10A are partial detail views of FIGS. 8 and 10 respectively;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic half-view in axial section of a globe valve fitted with a force multiplier mechanism according to the invention of the double-acting type, in the position of approach stroke towards closing;
  • Fig. 11 A is a partial detail view of a variant of the tap of FIG. 11;
  • Fig. 11 B is a detail view taken in section along the line 11 B-11 1 B of FIG. 11;
  • Fig. 12 is a view corresponding to FIG. 11 of the same mechanism at the start of locking;
  • Fig. 13 is a view of the same mechanism in the closed locking position and in the starting unlocking position, with a view to opening;
  • Fig. 14 is a partial sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the mechanism of FIG. 6.

Suivant le schéma de la Fig. 1 qui représente en section méridienne un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort connu, le principe d'un tel mécanisme est le suivant.Following the diagram in FIG. 1 which represents in a meridian section a known force multiplier mechanism, the principle of such a mechanism is as follows.

Un organe moteur ou menant 1, constitué par exemple par une pièce de révolution autour d'un axe X-X, comporte une rampe 2 de faible inclinaison d'angle x par rapport à l'axe X-X. Cette rampe 2 peut être tronconique d'axe X-X ou bien être plane.A driving or driving member 1, constituted for example by a part of revolution about an axis X-X, comprises a ramp 2 of slight inclination of angle x relative to the axis X-X. This ramp 2 can be frustoconical with axis X-X or else be planar.

Un organe d'appui ou de réaction est constitué par une rampe fixe 3 tronconique d'axe X-X, d'angle d'inclinaison y sensiblement supérieur à l'angle x et convergente dans le sens opposé à la rampe 2 de façon à former avec celle-ci un coin ou angle creux z à paroi mobile 2 parallèlement à l'axe X-X.A support or reaction member is constituted by a fixed tapered ramp 3 of axis XX, of angle of inclination y substantially greater than the angle x and converging in the direction opposite to the ramp 2 so as to form with the latter a hollow corner or angle z with a movable wall 2 parallel to the axis XX.

Un organe mené 4 présente une partie d'extrémité constituée par un manchon d'axe X-X présentant une surface d'attaque ou butée 5 perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X; cet organe 4 est mobile parallèlement à l'axe X―X. La surface 5 forme en section méridienne le troisième côté d'un triangle dont les deux autres côtés sont les rampes 2 et 3.A driven member 4 has an end portion constituted by a sleeve of axis X-X having a leading surface or abutment 5 perpendicular to the axis X-X; this member 4 is movable parallel to the axis X ― X. The surface 5 forms in meridian section the third side of a triangle, the other two sides of which are the ramps 2 and 3.

Des organes de transmission d'effort, disposés dans l'espace compris entre les rampes 2 et 3 et la surface 5, sont constitués par exemple par des billes 6 réparties autour de l'axe X-X. Les billes 6 ont des contacts tangentiels et ponctuels A, B, C respectivement avec la rampe 2, la rampe 3 et la surface d'attaque 5.Force transmission members, arranged in the space between the ramps 2 and 3 and the surface 5, are constituted for example by balls 6 distributed around the axis X-X. The balls 6 have tangential and punctual contacts A, B, C respectively with the ramp 2, the ramp 3 and the attack surface 5.

En section méridienne, chaque bille 6 forme pendant la phase active du mécanisme, un cercle inscrit dans le triangle 2-3-5.In the meridian section, each ball 6 forms during the active phase of the mechanism, a circle inscribed in the triangle 2-3-5.

En fonctionnement, on applique à l'organe menant 1 un effort moteur f parallèle à l'axe X-X. L'organe 1 se déplace alors dans le même sens, et sa rampe 2 tend à repousser chaque bille 6 hors de la pointe d'angle z du triangle 2-3-5. Ce déplacement provoque un refoulement de chaque bille 6, l'obligeant à rouler sur la rampe 2 et à se déplacer le long de la rampe fixe de réaction ou d'appui 3 qui lui imprime à son tour un certain déplacement parallèle à l'axe X-X. En raison de la différence entre les angles x et y; le déplacement des billes 6 est sensiblement inférieur au déplacement d'origine de l'organe menant et, de façon correspondante, les billes transmettent à la surface 5 un effort F nettement supérieur à f. C'est la pente de la rampe 2 qui donne le rapport de multiplication d'effort F/f.In operation, a driving force f parallel to the axis X-X is applied to the driving member 1. The member 1 then moves in the same direction, and its ramp 2 tends to push each ball 6 out of the point of angle z of the triangle 2-3-5. This movement causes a discharge of each ball 6, forcing it to roll on the ramp 2 and to move along the fixed reaction or support ramp 3 which in turn gives it a certain displacement parallel to the axis XX. Due to the difference between the angles x and y; the displacement of the balls 6 is substantially less than the original displacement of the driving member and, correspondingly, the balls transmit to the surface 5 a force F significantly greater than f. It is the slope of ramp 2 which gives the effort multiplication ratio F / f.

En raison de la loi de conservation de l'énergie, le travail f X L se conserve en devenant F X /, si / et L désignent les déplacements respectifs des organes 4 et 1 (Fig. 2A). Cependent alors que le contact A est de roulement, les contacts B et C sont de frottement. Il en résulte que, dans la pratique, l'énergie F X /, transmise à l'organe mené 4, est un peu inférieure à l'énergie f X L fournie par l'organe menant à rampe 2, du fait des pertes par frottement. La longueur / étant déterminée par la géométrie de l'ensemble, les pertes se reportent entièrement sur l'effort F transmis à l'organe mené.Due to the law of conservation of energy, the work f X L is preserved by becoming F X /, if / and L denote the respective displacements of the organs 4 and 1 (Fig. 2A). However, while the contact A is rolling, the contacts B and C are friction. It follows that, in practice, the energy F X /, transmitted to the driven member 4, is slightly less than the energy f X L supplied by the member leading to ramp 2, due to friction losses. The length / being determined by the geometry of the assembly, the losses relate entirely to the force F transmitted to the driven member.

Conformément à l'invention (Fig. 2 et 2A), chaque bille 6 est remplacée par un jeu de trois éléments de roulement 7-8-9 coaxiaux d'axe Y-Y perpendiculaire à X-X, de diamètres différents, montés fous et indépendants autour de cet axe Y-Y. Ce sont des galets ou rouleaux. Le galet 7, de diamètre moyen, roule sur la rampe 2 de l'organe menant. Le galet 8, de grand diamètre, roule sur la rampe d'appui ou de réaction 3 fixe. Le galet 9, de petit diamètre roule sur la surface d'attaque 5 de l'organe mené 4.According to the invention (FIGS. 2 and 2A), each ball 6 is replaced by a set of three rolling elements 7-8-9 coaxial with axis YY perpendicular to XX, of different diameters, mounted idly and independent around this YY axis. These are rollers or rollers. The roller 7, of average diameter, rolls on the ramp 2 of the driving member. The roller 8, of large diameter, rolls on the support or reaction ramp 3 fixed. The roller 9, of small diameter rolls on the attack surface 5 of the driven member 4.

En raison de l'encombrement des galets 7 et 8, deux des surfaces de roulement sont échancrées pour les laisser tourner librement sans contact: ce sont la rampe 2, échancrée suivant une rainure 10, et la surface d'attaque 5, échancrée suivant une rainure 11. Les rampes 2 et 3 sont planes.Due to the size of the rollers 7 and 8, two of the rolling surfaces are indented to allow them to rotate freely without contact: these are the ramp 2, indented in a groove 10, and the attack surface 5, indented in a groove 11. The ramps 2 and 3 are flat.

A cette différence près que les trois contacts A, B et C sont de roulement et sont linéaires, les points A, B et C étant les projections des génératrices de contact des pièces de roulement 7, 8 et 9, le fonctionnement est le même que précédemment: le jeu de galets 7, 8 et 9 de transmission transmet le travail fX L de l'organe menant à rampe 2 à l'organe mené de surface d'attaque 5 en transformant ce travail en F X / augmentant la poussée et diminuant la course. Pendant le déplacement, les trois galets tournent dans les sens indiqués par les flèches de la Fig. 2A.With the difference that the three contacts A, B and C are rolling and are linear, the points A, B and C being the projections of the contact generators of the rolling parts 7, 8 and 9, the operation is the same as before: the set of rollers 7, 8 and 9 of transmission transmits the work fX L of the member leading to ramp 2 to the driven member of attack surface 5 by transforming this work into FX / increasing the thrust and decreasing the stroke. During movement, the three rollers rotate in the directions indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2A.

On voit sur la Fig. 2A qu'une descente de la rampe-de multiplication d'effort 2 dans le sens de la flèche f rétrécit l'intervalle angulaire entre les rampes 2 et 3 et force à descendre les organes de roulement. Réciproquement, une montée de la rampe 2 élargit l'intervalle angulaire précité et permet une montée des organes de roulement lorsqu'un effort de poussée est exercé vers le haut sur l'organe mené 4.We see in Fig. 2A that a descent of the force multiplication ramp 2 in the direction of the arrow f narrows the angular interval between the ramps 2 and 3 and forces to descend the rolling members. Conversely, a rise in the ramp 2 widens the abovementioned angular interval and allows a rise in the rolling members when a thrust force is exerted upwards on the driven member 4.

Un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort suivant le principe de la Fig. 2 se prête particulièrement bien l'actionnement de la tige de manoeuvre de l'obturateur d'un robinet industriel, par exemple de type à soupape ou à opercule(s), compte tenu du fait que les manoeuvres d'ouverture et de fermeture exigent des efforts importants avec des déplacements faibles, et que le déplacement de l'obturateur entre les deux positions extrêmes n'exige qu'un effort beaucoup plus faible.A force multiplier mechanism according to the principle of FIG. 2 lends itself particularly well to actuating the operating rod of the shutter of an industrial valve, for example of the valve or valve type, taking into account the fact that the opening and closing operations require significant efforts with small displacements, and that the displacement of the shutter between the two extreme positions requires only a much weaker effort.

En effet, suivant le diagramme de fonctionnement d'un robinet à soupape (Fig. 3) indiquant en abscisse la poussée F sur la tige de manoeuvre et en ordonnée la course / de la soupape, les manoeuvres d'ouverture (segment DE) et de fermeture (ligne brisée EGHK) s'effectuent ainsi:

  • --ouverture DE: faible traction F constante de la tige de manoeuvre pendant toute l'ouverture;
  • -fermeture EGHK: faible poussée F constante de la tige de manoeuvre pendant la plus grande partie de la course de la soupape dite course d'approche (EG), suivie d'une augmentation considérable de la force de poussée F' pour une très faible course de la soupape vers son siège (GH) et parachevée par une application de la soupape sur son siège avec la même forte poussée F constante (HK), ce qui constitue la course de verrouillage.
Indeed, according to the operating diagram of a globe valve (Fig. 3) indicating on the abscissa the thrust F on the operating rod and on the ordinate the stroke / of the valve, the opening maneuvers (segment DE) and closing (broken line EGHK) are carried out as follows:
  • - opening DE: low constant traction F of the operating rod throughout the opening;
  • - EGHK closing: constant low thrust F of the operating rod during most of the stroke of the valve called the approach stroke (EG), followed by a considerable increase in the thrust force F 'for a very low stroke of the valve towards its seat (GH) and completed by applying the valve to its seat with the same strong, constant thrust F (HK), which constitutes the locking stroke.

Dans d'autres types de robinets tels que' les robinets à un ou deux opércules, les manoeuvres s'effectuent comme représenté à la Fig. 4:

  • -ouverture (ligne brisée MNPQ): forte traction initiale F constante sur une faible course MN pour déverrouiller ou décoincer le ou les opercules, puis forte diminution de l'effort de traction sur la tige de manoeuvre sur une très faible course (NP) et dégagement complet des tubulures d'écoulement avec un faible effort de traction constant (PQ);
  • -fermeture (ligne brisée QPRS): en sens inverse, on observe une faible poussée constante sur la tige de manoeuvre avec une grande course d'approche vers la position de fermeture (QP), suivie d'une montée rapide de l'effort de poussée sur la tige de manoeuvre pour une très faible course (PR) et d'une course finale de verrouillage avec un effort de poussée constant (RS). Il est à noter que l'effort de verrouillage constant (RS) est inférieur à l'effort de déverrouillage (MN), constant également, en raison du coincement de l'obturateur sur son siège.
In other types of valves such as one or two-port valves, the operations are carried out as shown in FIG. 4:
  • -opening (broken line MNPQ): strong initial traction F constant over a short stroke MN to unlock or loosen the cover (s), then sharp reduction in the traction force on the operating rod over a very short stroke (NP) and complete clearance of the drainage pipes with a constant low tensile force (PQ);
  • -closure (broken line QPRS): in the opposite direction, there is a slight constant thrust on the operating rod with a large approach stroke towards the closed position (QP), followed by a rapid increase in the force of thrust on the operating rod for a very short stroke (PR) and a final locking stroke with a constant thrust force (RS). It should be noted that the constant locking force (RS) is less than the unlocking force (MN), also constant, due to the jamming of the shutter on its seat.

On comprend que, dans tous les cas, il soit très avantageux de faire intervenir un mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort soit à simple effet (Fig. 3) soit à double effet (Fig. 4). De tels mécanismes vont maintenant être décrits, en utilisant les références 1 à 5 et 7 à 11 pour désigner des éléments jouant le même rôle qu'à la Fig. 2.It is understood that, in all cases, it is very advantageous to involve a force multiplier mechanism, either single acting (Fig. 3) or double acting (Fig. 4). Such mechanisms will now be described, using references 1 to 5 and 7 to 11 to designate elements playing the same role as in FIG. 2.

Le mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort à simple effet de la Fig. 5 comporte un corps tubulaire d'axe X-X en deux parties 12 et 13 vissées l'une sur l'autre par des filetages femelle et mâle 14a-14b. La partie 12 formant coiffe, représentée dévissée à la Fig. 5, comporte une ouverture cylindrique centrale 15 pour livrer passage à l'organe moteur ou menant, et une rampe d'appui ou de réaction 3 tronconique. Les détails de ce mécanisme sont visibles aux Fig. 6 et 7, qui montrent un robinet à soupape équipé d'un mécanisme analogue.The single acting force multiplier mechanism of FIG. 5 comprises a tubular body of axis XX in two parts 12 and 13 screwed one on the other by female and male threads 14 a -14 b . The cap portion 12, shown unscrewed in FIG. 5, comprises a central cylindrical opening 15 to deliver passage to the motor or driving member, and a support or reaction ramp 3 frustoconical. The details of this mechanism are visible in Figs. 6 and 7, which show a globe valve fitted with a similar mechanism.

La partie 13 sert à loger les organes menant, mené et de transmission. Elle comporte à cet effet une cavité cylindrique borgne 16 ouverte vers le haut dans laquelle coulisse, par sa surface cylindrique extérieure, un manchon tubulaire 4 constituant l'organe mené. Ce manchon est évidé sur sa tranche supérieure par un nombre d'échancrures 11a-11b en escalier égal au nombre de jeux d'éléments de transmission 7-8-9, ici égal à trois. Les échancrures profondes 118 reçoivent avec jeu les éléments de roulement et de transmission d'effort et de course 7 et 8 qui ne roulent pas sur les paliers latéraux 11 b, qui constituent à la fois la surface d'attaque ou de butée 5 et des moyens de positionnement latéral des éléments 9 de plus petit diamètre.Part 13 is used to house the driving, driven and transmission components. It has for this purpose a blind cylindrical cavity 16 open upwards in which slides, by its external cylindrical surface, a tubular sleeve 4 constituting the driven member. This sleeve is hollowed out on its upper edge by a number of notches 11 a -11 b in steps equal to the number of sets of transmission elements 7-8-9, here equal to three. The deep indentations 11 8 receive with play the rolling and force and stroke transmission elements 7 and 8 which do not roll on the lateral bearings 11 b , which constitute both the attack or abutment surface 5 and means for lateral positioning of the elements 9 of smaller diameter.

La cavité cylindrique borgne 17 du manchon 4, ouverte vers le haut, sert de guidage à un organe menant cylindrique 1 tronqué en autant de rampes planes 2 qu'il y a de jeux d'organes de roulement, ici au nombre de trois. Chaque rampe 2 est échancrée par une rainure 10 droite et parallèle à la rampe 2.The blind cylindrical cavity 17 of the sleeve 4, open upwards, serves as a guide for a cylindrical driving member 1 truncated into as many flat ramps 2 as there are sets of rolling members, here three in number. Each ramp 2 is indented by a straight groove 10 and parallel to the ramp 2.

Les trois éléments de transmission et de roulement 7-8-9 sont logés entre l'organe menant 1, le manchon mené 4 et la coiffe 12 du corps. En fait, pour des raisons de construction, chaque jeu d'éléments de roulement 7-8-9 est monté suivant un système pourvu d'une symétrie (Fig. 7), avec un galet cylindrique 8 de grand diamètre flanqué de deux galets 7 de diamètre inférieur. Les galets 7 et 8 tourillonnent librement, indépendamment les uns des autres, sur un rouleau 9 d'axe Y-Y, de diamètre beaucoup plus faible que les galets 7 et dont la longueur est sensiblement supérieure à la somme des longueurs des génératrices des galets 7 et 8, de manière à présenter ses extrémités actives de roulement en saillie par rapport aux galets 7. Le galet 8 est destiné à rouler sur la rampe d'appui fixe 3 de la partie 12 formant coiffe. L'échancrure 10 des rampes 2 a une longueur supérieure à celle du galet 8 et une profondeur supérieure à la différence des rayons entre le galet 8 et les galets 7 afin de livrer passage au galet 8 avec jeu, sans contact.The three transmission and rolling elements 7-8-9 are housed between the driving member 1, the driven sleeve 4 and the cap 12 of the body. In fact, for construction reasons, each set of rolling elements 7-8-9 is mounted according to a system provided with symmetry (FIG. 7), with a cylindrical roller 8 of large diameter flanked by two rollers 7 of smaller diameter. The rollers 7 and 8 rotate freely, independently of each others, on a roller 9 of axis YY, of much smaller diameter than the rollers 7 and whose length is substantially greater than the sum of the lengths of the generators of the rollers 7 and 8, so as to have its active rolling ends projection relative to the rollers 7. The roller 8 is intended to roll on the fixed support ramp 3 of the part 12 forming a cover. The notch 10 of the ramps 2 has a length greater than that of the roller 8 and a depth greater than the difference of the radii between the roller 8 and the rollers 7 in order to allow passage to the roller 8 with play, without contact.

Les deux galets 7 de diamètre moyen roulent sur la rampe 2.The two rollers 7 of average diameter roll on the ramp 2.

Le rouleau 9 roule par ses extrémités libres et actives sur les échancrures 11 du manchon tubulaire 4, qui offrent une surface active de largeur supérieure à la longueur active de chaque extrémité de rouleau 9. Les échancrures 1 1 a du manchon 4 livrent passage avec jeu, sans contact, aux galets 7 et 8 et ont par conséquent une largeur supérieure à la somme des longueurs des génératrices d'un galet 8 et de deux galets 7 et une profondeur, par rapport aux échancrures 1 1 b, supérieure à la différence de rayon entre le galet 8 et le rouleau 9.The roller 9 rolls by its free and active ends on the notches 11 of the tubular sleeve 4, which offer an active surface of width greater than the active length of each end of the roller 9. The notches 1 1 a of the sleeve 4 provide passage with clearance , without contact, to the rollers 7 and 8 and therefore have a width greater than the sum of the lengths of the generators of a roller 8 and two rollers 7 and a depth, relative to the notches 1 1 b , greater than the difference of radius between roller 8 and roller 9.

Les contacts de roulement des galets 7 et des rouleaux 9 ne sont pas ponctuels mais linéaires suivant des génératrices dont les traces, au schéma de la Fig. 2, sont les points A et C; de même, en raison de la faible longueur axiale des galets 8, il y a également contact linéaire en B. En variante, la rampe tronconique 3 peut être remplacée par trois rampes planes, ou bien le galet central 8 roulant sur cette rampe 3 peut être galbé en tonneau, cependant que les trois rampes 2 à méplat pourraient être remplacées par une rampe unique tronconique et que les galets 7 pourraient rester cylindriques ou bien être galbés en tonneaux.The rolling contacts of the rollers 7 and the rollers 9 are not punctual but linear along generators, the traces of which, in the diagram of FIG. 2, are points A and C; similarly, due to the short axial length of the rollers 8, there is also a linear contact at B. Alternatively, the frustoconical ramp 3 can be replaced by three flat ramps, or else the central roller 8 rolling on this ramp 3 can be curved in a barrel, while the three ramps 2 with flattening could be replaced by a single frustoconical ramp and the rollers 7 could remain cylindrical or else be curved in barrels.

Le robinet proprement dit de la Fig. 6 comporte un corps 20 d'axe X-X, des conduits d'écoulement de fluides dans le sens des flèches, 21 pour t'entrée et 22 pour la sortie, perpendiculaires à l'axe X-X; aux extrémités de ces conduits sont prévus des moyens de raccordement avec des canalisations par filetage 23 et par bride 24 Le corps 20 comprend également un siège plan 25 d'axe X-X et un pot supérieur 26 cylindrique à filetage intérieur 27. Dans ce pot supérieur 26 est vissé un prolongement tubulaire inférieur 30 de la partie 13 du mécanisme multiplicateur. Dans ce prolongement 30, formant chapeau du robinet, coulisse à joint étanche la tige de manoeuvre 28 de la soupape 29 du robinet.The valve itself in FIG. 6 comprises a body 20 of axis X-X, fluid flow conduits in the direction of the arrows, 21 for the inlet and 22 for the outlet, perpendicular to the axis X-X; at the ends of these conduits are provided connection means with pipes by thread 23 and by flange 24 The body 20 also comprises a plane seat 25 of axis XX and a cylindrical upper pot 26 with internal thread 27. In this upper pot 26 is screwed a lower tubular extension 30 of the part 13 of the multiplier mechanism. In this extension 30, forming the cap of the valve, slides with a sealed seal the operating rod 28 of the valve 29 of the valve.

La partie 12 du corps de multiplicateur, formant coiffe d'axe X-X, est surmontée d'un bossage 12° de raccordement par filetage avec le corps 31 d'un vérin à membrane constituant, un servomoteur. La membrane 32 d'axe X-X' est solidaire d'une tige-poussoir 33 d'axe X-X guidée à travers un alésage du bossage 128 et susceptible d'exercer une poussée sur la tranche d'extrémité supérieure de l'organe menant 1 du mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort. Ce dernier se présente en fait sous la forme d'une capsule creuse à cavité 34 orientée vers le bas.The part 12 of the multiplier body, forming a cap of axis XX, is surmounted by a boss 12 ° of connection by threading with the body 31 of a diaphragm cylinder constituting a servomotor. The membrane 32 of axis XX 'is integral with a push rod 33 of axis XX guided through a bore of the boss 12 8 and capable of exerting a thrust on the upper end edge of the driving member 1 of the effort multiplier mechanism. The latter is in fact in the form of a hollow capsule with cavity 34 oriented downwards.

Le corps 31 comporte à sa partie supérieure une ouverture 35 susceptible d'être raccordée à une alimentation en fluide moteur sous pression, par exemple de l'air comprimé. La membrane 32 est soumise sur sa face supérieure à la pression du fluide moteur et, sur sa face inférieure, à l'action antagoniste d'un ressort de rappel 36 prenant appui sur le fond inférieur du corps 31.The body 31 has at its upper part an opening 35 capable of being connected to a supply of pressurized working fluid, for example compressed air. The membrane 32 is subjected on its upper face to the pressure of the working fluid and, on its lower face, to the antagonistic action of a return spring 36 bearing on the lower bottom of the body 31.

Le manchon mené 4 coulisse dans la cavité 16 à l'encontre d'un ressort hélicoïdal 37 prenant appui sur le fond inférieur de cette cavité et sur un épaulement extérieur 48 du manchon 4. Le fond 38 de ce manchon 4 est fixé à la tige de manoeuvre 28 qui le traverse, par exemple par une vis 39. Ainsi le manchon 4 est-il solidaire en translation de la tige de manoeuvre 28 du robinet.The driven sleeve 4 slides in the cavity 16 against a helical spring 37 bearing on the lower bottom of this cavity and on an external shoulder 4 8 of the sleeve 4. The bottom 38 of this sleeve 4 is fixed to the operating rod 28 which passes through it, for example by a screw 39. Thus the sleeve 4 is integral in translation with the operating rod 28 of the valve.

A l'intérieur du manchon 4, l'organe menant 1 peut coulisser dans la cavité 17 sous les actions antagonistes de la tige-poussoir 33, donc du vérin à membrane 32, et d'un ressort 40 hélicoïdal de rappel comprimé entre le fond supérieur de la cavité 34 et une bague intermédiaire fixe 41 fixée au chapeau 30 du robinet par au moins une goupille 42 qui traverse avec jeu le fond de cuvette 38 du manchon 4.Inside the sleeve 4, the driving member 1 can slide in the cavity 17 under the opposing actions of the push rod 33, therefore of the diaphragm cylinder 32, and of a helical return spring 40 compressed between the bottom upper of the cavity 34 and a fixed intermediate ring 41 fixed to the cap 30 of the tap by at least one pin 42 which crosses with play the bottom of the bowl 38 of the sleeve 4.

Fonctionnement:Operation:

Lorsque le vérin à membrane 32 est inactif, c'est-à-dire non alimenté par le conduit 35 en fluide sous pression, la soupape 29 est appliquée sur son siège 25 en position de fermeture, sous l'action du ressort de rappel 40. En effet, le ressort 40 fait monter l'organe 1, de sorte que l'intervalle angulaire entre les rampes 2 et 3 tend à se rétrécir, ce qui provoque le refoulement vers le bas organes de roulement 7-8-9, dont la descente du manchon 4 et de l'équipage de soupape 28-29 qui en est solidaire.When the diaphragm cylinder 32 is inactive, that is to say not supplied by the conduit 35 with pressurized fluid, the valve 29 is applied to its seat 25 in the closed position, under the action of the return spring 40 In fact, the spring 40 causes the member 1 to rise, so that the angular interval between the ramps 2 and 3 tends to narrow, which causes the downward movement of the rolling members 7-8-9, of which the descent of the sleeve 4 and of the valve assembly 28-29 which is integral therewith.

Lorsque le vérin à membrane 32 est alimenté en fluide sous pression par la conduite 35, une poussée f, exercée par ce vérin, est transmise par la tige 33 à la capsule menante 1, qui descend sur une course L. La capsule 1 comprime le ressort 40; par son déplacement vers le bas, elle élargit l'intervalle angulaire entre les rampes 2 et 3, ce qui permet la montée des organes de roulement 7-8-9 sous la poussée du manchon 4 et du ressort de rappel 37. Ceci provoque la montée du manchon 4 et de la tige 28, et donc l'ouverture de la soupape 29. Le travail moteur fX L se transforme, par les rampes 2 et 3 et la surface d'attaque 5, en un travail F X / à poussée F plus forte que la poussée f et à course / plus faible que la course L. Il y a donc multiplication d'effort, au moins tant que c'est sur la rampe 2 que roulent les galets 6.When the diaphragm cylinder 32 is supplied with pressurized fluid through the pipe 35, a thrust f, exerted by this cylinder, is transmitted by the rod 33 to the driving capsule 1, which descends on a stroke L. The capsule 1 compresses the spring 40; by its downward movement, it widens the angular interval between the ramps 2 and 3, which allows the rise of the rolling members 7-8-9 under the thrust of the sleeve 4 and of the return spring 37. This causes the rise of the sleeve 4 and of the rod 28, and therefore the opening of the valve 29. The engine work fX L is transformed, by the ramps 2 and 3 and the attack surface 5, into an FX / push F job stronger than the thrust f and at stroke / weaker than the stroke L. There is therefore a multiplication of effort, at least as long as it is on the ramp 2 that the rollers 6 roll.

Etant donné que les trois contacts sont exempts de frottement, le travail F X / est pratiquement égal à f X L, de sorte que le rapport F/f de multiplication d'effort est pratiquement le rapport théorique correspondant à la géométrie de l'ensemble.Since the three contacts are free from friction, the work FX / is practically equal to f XL, so that the ratio F / f of multiplication of effort is practically the theoretical ratio corresponding to the geometry of the assembly.

Inversement, lorsque la pression sur la membrane 32 est relâchée, le ressort 36 fait remonter cette membrane 32, et le ressort de rappel 40, prenant appui sur la bague intermédiaire fixe 41, fait remonter la capsule 1, rétrécissant ainsi l'intervalle angulaire entre les rampes 2 et 3, ce qui refoule les organes de roulement 7-8-9 vers le bas en obligeant le manchon 4 à descendre par le jeu des rampes 2, 3 et 5; par conséquent, la soupape 29 se ferme sur le siège 25.Conversely, when the pressure on the membrane 32 is released, the spring 36 causes this membrane 32 to rise, and the return spring 40, bearing on the fixed intermediate ring 41, causes the capsule 1 to rise, thereby narrowing the angular interval between the ramps 2 and 3, which pushes the rolling members 7-8-9 downwards by forcing the sleeve 4 to descend by the play of the ramps 2, 3 and 5; consequently, the valve 29 closes on the seat 25.

Ce fonctionnement est illustré par les Fig. 6 et 6A: à la Fig. 6, lorsque la distance d' entre la capsule 1 et le fond supérieur de la coiffe 12 est la plus faible (vérin au repos), la distance D' entre l'axe Y-Y des organes de roulements 7-8-9 et ce fond est la plus grande. Par voie de conséquence, le manchon 4 et par suite la soupape 29 sont en position basse (fermeture). A la Fig. 6A, lorsque la distance d2 entre la capsule 1 et le fond supérieur de la coiffe 12 est plus grande (vérin soumis à la pression du fluide amené par la conduite 35), la distance D2 entre l'axe Y-Y des organes de roulement et ce fond est plus faible que D', ce qui correspond à une position plus haute du manchon 4 et par conséquent de la soupape 29 (position d'ouverture). On voit aussi que la différence L= d2―d1 est très supérieure à la différence / = D'-D2.This operation is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 6A: in Fig. 6, when the distance d 'between the capsule 1 and the upper bottom of the cap 12 is the smallest (cylinder at rest), the distance D' between the axis YY of the bearing members 7-8-9 and this bottom is the largest. Consequently, the sleeve 4 and consequently the valve 29 are in the low position (closing). In Fig. 6A, when the distance d 2 between the capsule 1 and the upper bottom of the cap 12 is greater (jack subjected to the pressure of the fluid supplied by the pipe 35), the distance D 2 between the axis YY of the rolling members and this bottom is weaker than D ', which corresponds to a higher position of the sleeve 4 and therefore of the valve 29 (open position). We also see that the difference L = d 2 ―d 1 is much greater than the difference / = D'-D 2 .

Suivant la variante d'exécution des Fig. 8 à 10, au lieu que les rampes 2 soient convergentes comme à la Fig. 6 vers le vérin d'actionnement et divergentes vers l'obturateur 29 et son siège 25, c'est le contraire qui est réalisé: la ou les rampes 2 sont. convergentes vers l'obturateur et son siège.According to the variant of FIGS. 8 to 10, instead of the ramps 2 being convergent as in FIG. 6 towards the actuating cylinder and diverging towards the shutter 29 and its seat 25, the opposite is achieved: the ramp or ramps 2 are. converging towards the shutter and its seat.

Cette variante utilise, comme celle de la Fig. 6, un mécanisme dit à simple effet de multiplication car il n'offre un certain rapport ou facteur de multiplication de l'effort moteur que lors de la course de verrouillage, et se contente d'une transmission directe de l'effort moteur, sans multiplication, lors de la course de retour, c'est-à-dire de déverrouillage et d'ouverture. Ce mécanisme est réalisé de la manière suivante.This variant uses, like that of FIG. 6, a mechanism known as a simple multiplication effect because it offers a certain ratio or factor of multiplication of the motor force only during the locking stroke, and is satisfied with a direct transmission of the motor force, without multiplication, during the return race, that is to say unlocking and opening. This mechanism is implemented in the following manner.

-Organe menant 1:- Leading organ 1:

Cet organe est constitué par un cône à rampe inclinée 2 qui coulisse sur une broche axiale de guidage 43 à tête 44 traversant un alésage étagé 45 de ce cône. Cette broche est solidaire de la tige de manoeuvre du robinet 29 par l'intermédiare d'une portion de tige filetée 46 vissée dans l'extrémité supérieure de la tige de manoeuvre 28 de façon que la broche 43 et cette tige 28 soient solidarisées du manchon 4. Ce dernier présente une surface d'attaque 5 dans laquelle sont ménagés trois encoches 11.This member consists of a cone with an inclined ramp 2 which slides on an axial guide pin 43 with a head 44 passing through a stepped bore 45 of this cone. This pin is integral with the valve operating rod 29 by means of a portion of threaded rod 46 screwed into the upper end of the operating rod 28 so that the pin 43 and this rod 28 are secured to the sleeve 4. The latter has an attack surface 5 in which three notches 11 are formed.

Le cône 1 est actionné par une tige-poussoir 33 légèrement modifiée par rapport à celle de la Fig. 6 puisqu'elle comporte une bride 33a de fixation au cône 1, ou tout autre moyen de fixation équivalent.The cone 1 is actuated by a push rod 33 slightly modified compared to that of FIG. 6 since it comprises a flange 33a for fixing to the cone 1, or any other equivalent fixing means.

La rampe 2, dont la pente définit le rapport ou facteur de multiplication d'effort F/f, présente une particularité qui n'existe pas sur la Fig. 6: elle comporte une portion de dégagement 28 fortement inclinée par rapport à l'axe X-X, suivie vers le bas par une portion en palier 2b à peu près parallèle à l'axe X-X. La portion 2a élargit brusquement l'intervalle angulaire entre le cône 1 et une cavité cylindrique de roulement 47 prolongeant vers le haut la rampe d'appui 3 de la coiffe 12 du mécanisme multiplicateur d'effort. Le dégagement 2a facilite la pénétration des organes de roulement dans la cavité 47 lors de la course de recul de l'organe menant 1 et limite l'effort du galet 8 sur cette cavité cylindrique au point de contact B car cet effort, sans la portion de dégagement 28, serait inutilement important et provoquerait une usure excessive de la cavité 47.The ramp 2, the slope of which defines the effort multiplication ratio or factor F / f, has a special feature which does not exist in FIG. 6: it comprises a clearance portion 2 8 which is strongly inclined relative to the axis XX, followed downwards by a level portion 2 b roughly parallel to the axis XX. The portion 2a abruptly widens the angular interval between the cone 1 and a cylindrical rolling cavity 47 extending upward the support ramp 3 of the cover 12 of the force multiplier mechanism. The clearance 2a facilitates the penetration of the rolling members into the cavity 47 during the recoil stroke of the driving member 1 and limits the force of the roller 8 on this cylindrical cavity at the point of contact B because this force, without the portion 2 28 , would be unnecessarily large and would cause excessive wear of the cavity 47.

Il est à noter que le dégagement 2a―2b et la cavité cylindrique 47 sont inutiles dans le cas de la Fig. 6, où la course de recul de l'organe menant 1 est très faible.It should be noted that the clearance 2 a ―2 b and the cylindrical cavity 47 are unnecessary in the case of FIG. 6, where the recoil stroke of the driving member 1 is very small.

-Organe d'appui et de réaction:-Support and reaction organ:

On reconnait la coiffe 12 du corps du mécanisme et la partie 13 de ce corps formant chapeau du robinet. La coiffe 12 comporte intérieurement une cavité de guidage de roulement pour les organes de transmission 7-8-9, qui se décompose, de haut en bas, en une partie cylindrique 47, mentionnée ci-dessus, une partie évasée à rampe droite plane ou tronconique 3, et une partie cylindrique 48 de diamètre supérieur à la partie 47.We recognize the cap 12 of the mechanism body and the part 13 of this body forming the valve cap. The cap 12 has internally a bearing guide cavity for the transmission members 7-8-9, which decomposes, from top to bottom, into a cylindrical part 47, mentioned above, a flared part with flat straight ramp or frustoconical 3, and a cylindrical part 48 of diameter greater than the part 47.

-Organes de transmission:- Transmission components:

Comme précédemment, les galets 7 et 8 et le rouleau 9 sont représentés ici en un seul exemplaire, mais figurent en plusieurs jeux répartis autour de l'axe X―X de symétrie du mécanisme. Ils sont destinés à rouler à l'intérieur de l'espace limité par les rampes 2―2a―2b, la surface d'attaque 5 et la cavité de roulement 47-3-48.As before, the rollers 7 and 8 and the roller 9 are shown here in a single copy, but appear in several sets distributed around the axis X ― X of symmetry of the mechanism. They are intended to roll inside the space limited by the ramps 2―2 a ―2 b , the attack surface 5 and the rolling cavity 47-3-48.

Fonctionnement:Operation:

  • a) course d'approche (Fig. 8 et 8A): le cône 1 reçoit la poussée du servomoteur (non représenté) par la tige-poussoir 33 et la transmet (flèche g') à l'organe 4 par l'intermédiaire des galets 7 et du rouleau 9, cependant que le galet 8 roule sur la cavité de guidage 47. Bien entendu, les galets 7 et le rouleau 9 roulent également sur leurs surfaces respectives de roulement. Il n'y a pas de multiplication d'effort, mais simple transmission de l'effort exercé par la tige 33, car les galets 8 restent appliqués sur la portion 2a de la rampe 2, qui transmet axialement l'effort du cône 1 au manchon 4 par la surface d'attaque 5, et par suite à la tige 28 de l'obturateur. Pendant cette phase, seul le galet 8 tourne. Le diagramme des forces de la Fig. 8A montre que plus l'angle α que la normale à la portion 2a fait avec l'axe X-X est petit, plus la réaction radiale f = f tga est petite, ce qui diminue l'usure et la déformation du cylindre 47.a) approach stroke (Fig. 8 and 8A): the cone 1 receives the thrust from the booster (not shown) by the push rod 33 and transmits it (arrow g ') to the member 4 via the rollers 7 and the roller 9, while the roller 8 rolls on the guide cavity 47. Of course, the rollers 7 and the roller 9 also roll on their respective rolling surfaces. There is no multiplication of force, but simple transmission of the force exerted by the rod 33, because the rollers 8 remain applied to the portion 2a of the ramp 2, which axially transmits the force of the cone 1 to sleeve 4 through the attack surface 5, and consequently the rod 28 of the shutter. During this phase, only the roller 8 rotates. The force diagram of FIG. 8A shows that the smaller the angle α than the normal to the portion 2a made with the axis XX, the smaller the radial reaction f = f tga, which reduces the wear and the deformation of the cylinder 47.
  • b) verrouillage (Fig. 9 et 10): le début du verrouillage a lieu lorsque le galet 8 arrive au droit du point B' d'origine de la rampe d'appui 3 et de raccordement de celle-ci avec la cavité cylindrique 47. A partir du point B' et tant que le galet 8 roule sur la rampe 3, il y a multiplication d'effort, car les galets 7 dépassent la portion de dégagement 2a et s'engagent sur la rampe de multiplication 2 située au-dessus de celle-ci. En effet, le diagramme des efforts de la Fig. 10A montre qu'à partir du point B' l'angle β défini comme l'angle α de la Fig. 8A est beaucoup plus grand que cet angle a. L'effort radial f2: ftg β subi par la rampe 3 est donc très supérieur à celui subi précédemment par la paroi cylindrique 47 la réaction de la rampe 3 parallèle à l'axe X―X s'en trouve augmentée et produit la multiplication de l'effort f suivant cette direction.b) locking (Fig. 9 and 10): the locking begins when the roller 8 arrives at the point B 'of origin of the support ramp 3 and of connection thereof with the cylindrical cavity 47 From point B 'and as long as the roller 8 rolls on the ramp 3, there is a multiplication of force, since the rollers 7 exceed the clearance portion 2a and engage on the multiplication ramp 2 located above above it. Indeed, the force diagram of FIG. 10A shows that from point B ′ the angle β defined as the angle α in FIG. 8A is much larger than this angle a. The radial force f 2 : ftg β undergone by the ramp 3 is therefore much greater than that previously undergone by the cylindrical wall 47 the reaction of the ramp 3 parallel to the axis X ― X is thereby increased and produces the multiplication of the force f following this direction.

Le verrouillage (Fig. 10) se termine lorsque l'organe mené 4 entre en contact avec le fond de la cavité 16, constitué par la partie 13 du corps de robinet. Pendant toute la phase de verrouillage, les galets 7 et 8 et le rouleau 9 ne cessent de rouler, comme cela est explique plus haut; l'angle β étant constant, l'effort f2 sur la rampe 3 reste constant, ainsi que par conséquent le facteur de multiplication. La fin de course de verrouillage a lieu avec les galets 7 situés vers l'extrémité de la rampe 2 la plus éloignée de l'axe X-X et le galet 8 sur la rampe 3.

  • c) recul: pendant la phase de verrouillage, le cône 1 a coulissé sur la broche 43, s'éloignant ainsi de la tête 44 de cette broche.
The locking (Fig. 10) ends when the driven member 4 comes into contact with the bottom of the cavity 16, formed by the part 13 of the valve body. During the entire locking phase, the rollers 7 and 8 and the roller 9 continue to roll, as explained above; the angle β being constant, the force f 2 on the ramp 3 remains constant, as well as consequently the multiplication factor. The locking limit switch takes place with the rollers 7 located towards the end of the ramp 2 furthest from the axis XX and the roller 8 on the ramp 3.
  • c) recoil: during the locking phase, the cone 1 slid on the spindle 43, thus moving away from the head 44 of this spindle.

En début de phase de recul à partir de la position de la Fig. 10, la tige 33 exerce une traction vers le haut sur le cône 1 (sens de la flèche g2), élargissant ainsi, l'intervalle angulaire entre les rampes 2 et 3 et n'exerçant aucun effort sur les organes de roulement. Il en résulte que le cône 1 revient rapidement en contact avec la tête 44 en coulissant sur la broche 43 sans que les organes 7-8-9 de roulement ne bougent. Puis, pour-suivant son recul, le cône 1 entraîne directement la tête 44 et la tige de manoeuvre 28 qui en est solidaire. Les organes de roulement 8 et 9 se contentent de rouler sur leurs de surfaces de roulement respectives 47 et 5 sans jouer aucun rôle actif. Il y a simple transmission d'effort sans multiplication. Les galets 7 sont dégagés de la rampe 2 et, lorsque le galet 8 arrive in B', les galets 7 se logent dans la portion de dégagement 2a. On retrouve la configuration de la Fig. 9, puis celle de la Fig. 8.At the start of the recoil phase from the position of FIG. 10, the rod 33 exerts an upward traction on the cone 1 (direction of the arrow g 2 ), thus widening the angular interval between the ramps 2 and 3 and exerting no force on the rolling members. As a result, the cone 1 quickly returns to contact with the head 44 by sliding on the spindle 43 without the rolling members 7-8-9 moving. Then, for-following its retreat, the cone 1 directly drives the head 44 and the operating rod 28 which is integral therewith. The rolling members 8 and 9 are content to roll on their respective rolling surfaces 47 and 5 without playing any active role. There is simple transmission of effort without multiplication. The rollers 7 are released from the ramp 2 and, when the roller 8 arrives in B ', the rollers 7 are housed in the clearance portion 2a. We find the configuration of FIG. 9, then that of FIG. 8.

Les Fig. 11 à 13 montrent une variante de mécanisme multiplicateur suivant l'invention qui est dite à double effet de multiplication parce qu'elle offre un certain rapport ou facteur de multiplication aussi bien lors de la course de verrouillage que lors de la course de déverrouillage.Figs. 11 to 13 show a variant of a multiplier mechanism according to the invention which is said to have a double multiplication effect because it offers a certain ratio or multiplication factor both during the locking stroke and during the unlocking stroke.

Ce mécanisme est en partie analogue au mécanisme précédent des Fig. 8 à 10, mais il a une plus grande longueur mesurée parallèlement à l'axe X-X, car il comporte en deux exemplaires un certain nombre de pièces analogues. Ce mécanisme est réalisé de la manière suivante.This mechanism is partly analogous to the previous mechanism of Figs. 8 to 10, but it has a greater length measured parallel to the axis X-X, because it comprises in duplicate a certain number of similar parts. This mechanism is implemented in the following manner.

-organe menant:- leading organ:

Comme précédemment, cet organe est monté coulissant sur la tige 43 a tête 44 d'axe X-X, mais le cône creux 1 est doublé par un. cône similaire 1 a à rampe 21 de pente inverse de celle de la rampe 2 et à rainures 10a. Les cônes 1 et 1 a, qui sont réunis par une partie cylindrique 49, sont de même axe X-X et ne forment qu'un ensemble solidairement coulissant sur la tige 43 et actionné par la tige-poussoir 33, dont il est solidaire. Ils peuvent être solidaires également d'un piston vissé 33- coulissant dans la cavité cylindrique 47, qui forme alors cylindre de vérin moteur (Fig. 11a).As before, this member is slidably mounted on the rod 43 with a head 44 of axis XX, but the hollow cone 1 is doubled by one. similar cone 1 a with ramp 2 1 of slope opposite to that of ramp 2 and with grooves 10 a . The cones 1 and 1 a, which are joined by a cylindrical part 49, are of the same axis XX and form only one unit which is integrally sliding on the rod 43 and actuated by the push rod 33, of which it is integral. They can also be integral with a screwed piston 33- sliding in the cylindrical cavity 47, which then forms the cylinder of the actuating cylinder (FIG. 11a).

-organe d'appui et de réaction:- support and reaction body:

On reconnaît la coiffe 12 du mécanisme multiplicateur et la partie 13 formant chapeau de robinet. La partie 12 est plus longue que précédemment et comporte intérieurement, successivement de haut en bas, les parties suivantes; une cavité cylindrique 47; une partie évasée à rampe droite ou tronconique 3; à nouveau une cavité cylindrique 48 de diamètre supérieur à la partie 47; une partie de resserrement 50 à rampe droite ou tronconique de pente inverse de celle de la partie 3; et une cavité cylindrique 51.We recognize the cap 12 of the multiplier mechanism and the part 13 forming a valve cap. Part 12 is longer than previously and internally, successively from top to bottom, the following parts; a cylindrical cavity 47; a flared part with a straight or frustoconical ramp 3; again a cylindrical cavity 48 of diameter greater than the part 47; a tightening part 50 with a straight or frustoconical ramp with a slope opposite to that of part 3; and a cylindrical cavity 51.

-Organes de transmission:- Transmission components:

En plus des jeux précédents d'éléments 7-8-9, on trouve d'autres jeux analogues d'éléments 107―108―109. Les éléments 7-8-9 sont destinés à rouler à l'intérieur de l'espace limité par les rampes 2―2a―2b, la surface d'attaque 5 de l'organe menant 4 et la cavité de roulement 47-3-48.In addition to the previous sets of elements 7-8-9, there are other similar sets of elements 107―108―109. The elements 7-8-9 are intended to roll inside the space limited by the ramps 2―2 a ―2 b , the attack surface 5 of the driving member 4 and the rolling cavity 47- 3-48.

Les éléments 107-108-109 sont destinés à rouler à l'intérieur de l'espace limité par les rampes 49-2c, une autre surface d'attaque 5a de l'organe mené 4 et la cavité 47-3-48-50.The elements 107-108-109 are intended to roll inside the space limited by the ramps 49-2 c , another attack surface 5a of the driven member 4 and the cavity 47-3-48- 50.

-Organe mené 4:- Led organ 4:

Il est constitué par un poussoir qui diffère du manchon 4 de la Fig. 8 par une plus grande longueur. A peu près à mi-hauteur de ce poussoir sont ménagées des ouvertures étagées 53 (Fig. 11 B) réparties uniformément autour de l'axe X-X en nombre égal aux évidements d'extrémités 11 et servant chacun de logement a une jeu d'éléments 107-108-109. La surface d'appui active du rouleau 109 est la face supérieure 5a des extrémités de l'ouverture 53, et les galets 107 et 108 peuvent rouler librement à l'intérieur de cette ouverturé.It consists of a pusher which differs from the sleeve 4 of FIG. 8 by a greater length. About halfway up this pusher are formed stepped openings 53 (Fig. 11 B) distributed uniformly around the axis XX in number equal to the end recesses 11 and each serving as a housing for a set of elements 107-108-109. The active bearing surface of the roller 109 is the upper face 5a of the ends of the open ture 53, and the rollers 107 and 108 can roll freely inside this opening.

Comme on le voit à la Fig. 11B, les éléments 107 et 108, au lieu d'être constitués par des galets, sont constitúes par des bagues enfilées l'une sur l'autre et sur le rouleau 109.As seen in Fig. 11B, the elements 107 and 108, instead of being constituted by rollers, are constituted by rings threaded one on the other and on the roller 109.

Fonctionnement:Operation:

  • a) course d'approche (Fig. 9): le double cône 1―1a reçoit la poussée du servo-moteur (sens de la flèche g1) par l'intermédiaire de la tige-poussoir. 33 et la transmet axialement au poussoir 4 par l'intermédiaire de la portion de rampe 2a et des galets 7, 8 et 9. Tout se passe comme à la Fig. 8, les organes 107-108-109 ne jouant aucun rôle. Il n'y a pas multiplication d'effort mais transmission directe de l'effort moteur suivant l'axe X-X.a) approach stroke (Fig. 9): the double cone 1―1 a receives the thrust from the servo-motor (direction of arrow g 1 ) via the push rod. 33 and forwards axially to the pusher 4 through the ramp portion 2a and the rollers 7, 8 and 9. It is as in Fig. 8, organs 107-108-109 playing no role. There is no multiplication of force but direct transmission of the motor force along the axis XX.
  • b) début de verrouillage (Fig. 12): pour suivant le roulement, le galet 8 aborde la rampe 3, et les galets 7 s'engagent sur la rampe 2 de multiplication d'effort. Le fonctionnnement est le même que pour le mécanisme à simple effet des Fig. 9 et 10, les éléments 107-108-109 étant encore inactifs.b) start of locking (Fig. 12): for following the bearing, the roller 8 approaches the ramp 3, and the rollers 7 engage on the ramp 2 of multiplication of force. The operation is the same as for the single-acting mechanism of FIGS. 9 and 10, elements 107-108-109 being still inactive.
  • c) verrouillage (Fig. 13): le fonctionnement est encore le même que celui du mécanisme à simple effet. Au cours du mouvement de verrouillage, le double cône 1-18 pénètre à l'intérieur de la partie cylindrique du poussoir 4 située sous les évidements 53 en s'éloignant de la tête 44 de la broche 43. En même temps, les galets 108 abordent la rampe 50 et se rapprochent de l'axe X-X, les galets 107 roulant sur la rampe 21. Le rouleau 109 se trouve alors en contact de butée avec la surface d'attaque supérieure 5a de l'ouverture 53.c) locking (Fig. 13): the operation is still the same as that of the single-acting mechanism. During the locking movement, the double cone 1-1 8 penetrates inside the cylindrical part of the pusher 4 located under the recesses 53 away from the head 44 of the spindle 43. At the same time, the rollers 108 approach the ramp 50 and approach the axis XX, the rollers 107 rolling on the ramp 21. The roller 109 is then in abutment contact with the upper attack surface 5 a of the opening 53.

Jusqu'ici les organes de roulement 107-108-109 n'ont joué auçun rôle actif, mais ils sont arrivés dans une position où ils sont prêts à intervenir.

  • d) déverrouillage (Fig. 13): une traction est exercée sur le cône double 1―1a par la tige 33 ou par le piston 33a (sens de la flèche g2). La multiplication de l'effort de traction fourni par le servo-moteur est donnée par le roulement des galets 107 sur la rampe 2C avec l'appui du galet 108 sur la rampe d'appui ou de réaction 50, ce qui permet au rouleau 109 d'exercer une poussée sur la surface d'attaque 5a du poussoir 4 et de tirer ce poussoir vers le haut en entraînant ainsi un recul de la tige de manoeuvre 28 de l'obturateur, qui en est solidaire. Pendant ce déverrouillage, les éléments 7-8-9 sont inactifs.
  • e) recul (Fig. 12): au cours de ce déverrouillage, le cône double 1―1a, qui s'était éloigné de la tête 44 en coulissant sur la broche 43 au cours de la phase de verrouillage, se rapproche de cette tête 44. Dès qu'il n'y a plus de résistance au déverrouillage, les éléments 107-108-109 s'écartent librement de l'axe X-X, profitant de l'élargissement de la rampe 50. Le cône double 1―1' coulisse sur la tige 43 jusq'à buter sur la tête 44. Puis, sous l'action de l'effort de traction exercé sur le cône double 1-18 par la tige 33 ou le piston 338 (sens de la flèche g2), ce cône double, en butée contre la tête 44 et donc solidarisé à nouveau en translation avec la tige 28, reprend sa position de la Fig. 11 en entraînant directement la tige de manoeuvre 28 par la tête 44, ce qui permet une ouverture de l'obturateur sans multiplication d'effort. Pendant ce recul, aucun élément roulant 7-8-9 n'est actif.
So far, the 107-108-109 rolling bodies have not played an active role, but they have arrived in a position where they are ready to intervene.
  • d) unlocking (Fig. 13): traction is exerted on the double cone 1―1 a by the rod 33 or by the piston 33 a (direction of the arrow g 2 ). The multiplication of the traction force provided by the servo-motor is given by the rolling of the rollers 107 on the ramp 2 C with the support of the roller 108 on the support or reaction ramp 50, which allows the roller 109 exert a thrust on the driving surface 5 of the pusher 4 and pull this push upward thereby causing a decrease of the operating rod 28 of the shutter, which is integral therewith. During this unlocking, elements 7-8-9 are inactive.
  • e) recoil (Fig. 12): during this unlocking, the double cone 1―1 a , which moved away from the head 44 by sliding on the spindle 43 during the locking phase, approaches this head 44. As soon as there is no longer any resistance to unlocking, the elements 107-108-109 deviate freely from the axis XX, taking advantage of the widening of the ramp 50. The double cone 1―1 'slides on the rod 43 to abut on the head 44. Then, under the action of the tensile force exerted on the double cone 1-1 8 by the rod 33 or the piston 33 8 (direction of the arrow g 2 ), this double cone, in abutment against the head 44 and therefore secured again in translation with the rod 28, returns to its position in FIG. 11 by directly driving the operating rod 28 through the head 44, which allows an opening of the shutter without multiplication of effort. During this reversal, no rolling element 7-8-9 is active.

Le dimensionnement est choisi de façon que même si les éléments 107-108-109 sortent des ouvertures 53, ils restent positionnés par rapport à elles et y retournent d'eux-mêmes.The dimensioning is chosen so that even if the elements 107-108-109 leave the openings 53, they remain positioned in relation to them and return there by themselves.

Dans les modes de réalisation des Fig. 8 à 13, grâce à la portion 28 d'entraînement axial direct sans multiplication, la course d'approche de l'obturateur vers la position de fermeture peut être aussi grande que possible et ne dépend que de la longueur de la cavité cylindrique 47.In the embodiments of Figs. 8 to 13, thanks to the direct axial drive portion 28 without multiplication, the approach stroke of the shutter towards the closed position can be as large as possible and depends only on the length of the cylindrical cavity 47 .

Par ailleurs, alors que le mécanisme à simple effet n'assure pas de multiplication d'effort au déverrouillage, le mécanisme à double effet en assure une. Le mécanisme à simple effet des Fig. 8 à 10 est donc applicable aux robinets à soupape classiques à sens d'écoulement de fluide bien défini et de petit diamètre, tandis que le mécanisme à double effet des Fig. 11 à 13 est utile pour les robinets-vannes à opercule simple ou à deux opercules susceptibles de se coincer, ainsi que pour les robinets à ogive et à siège conjugué évasé et pour les robinets à soupape où le sens d'écoulement du fluide n'est pas défini et dont la soupape peut de ce fait être soumise à une pression de fermeture importante, nécessitant alors un effort importante de soulèvement.Furthermore, while the single-acting mechanism does not provide multiplication of force upon unlocking, the double-acting mechanism ensures one. The single-acting mechanism of Figs. 8 to 10 is therefore applicable to conventional globe valves with well-defined fluid flow direction and of small diameter, while the double-acting mechanism of FIGS. 11 to 13 is useful for single-valve or two-valve valves that may get stuck, as well as for warhead and flared conjugate seat valves and for globe valves where the direction of flow of the fluid does not is not defined and the valve of which can therefore be subjected to a significant closing pressure, thus requiring a significant lifting effort.

On remarque encore que le manchon 1 de la Fig. 6 a des rampes d'inclinaison inverse de cèlle du cône 1 des Fig. 8 à 13. Il en résulte que les mouvements des organes menants pour provoquer l'ouverture et la fermeture de la soupape sont inverses: c'est la montée du manchon 1 de la Fig. 6 mais la descente du cône 1 des Fig. 8 à 13 qui provoque la fermeture. On choisira le sens de l'inclinaison des rampes 2 en fonction des nécessités de la construction; il est à noter que ce choix n'est pas possible avec les mécanismes à billes ou analogues de la technique antérieure et est rendu possible par la faculté des galets 7 et 8 de tourner en sens opposés.It will also be noted that the sleeve 1 of FIG. 6 has ramps of reverse inclination of that of the cone 1 of FIGS. 8 to 13. As a result, the movements of the driving members to cause the opening and closing of the valve are opposite: this is the rise of the sleeve 1 of FIG. 6 but the descent of the cone 1 of FIGS. 8 to 13 which causes the closure. The direction of the inclination of the ramps 2 will be chosen according to the needs of the construction; it should be noted that this choice is not possible with the ball mechanisms or the like of the prior art and is made possible by the ability of the rollers 7 and 8 to rotate in opposite directions.

Une variante du robinet de la Fig. 6 est représentée à la Fig. 14. Le cône moteur 1 à rampes 2 a sa conicité convergente vers la soupape (non représentée) et divergente vers le servomoteur. Cette conicité est donc inverse de celle du manchon 1 de la Fig. 6. Un resort 40° de rappel en position de fermeture est comprimé entre le cône 1 et la voûte supérieure de la coiffe 12. Il est à noter d'ailleurs que si, dans cet exemple comme dans celui de la Fig. 6, c'est le ressort 40 ou 408 qui assure le rappel en position de fermeture, c'est pour des raisons de sécurité, le robinet étant supposé devoir rester normalement fermé tant que le servomoteur ne reçoit pas un fluide sous pression. On peut évidemment imaginer un montage inverse du ressort assurant le maintien du robinet en position ouverte, le servomoteur provoquant la fermeture du robinet lorsqu'il est alimenté sous pression.A variant of the tap of FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 14. The engine cone 1 with ramps 2 has its conicity converging towards the valve (not shown) and diverging towards the actuator. This conicity is therefore opposite to that of the sleeve 1 of FIG. 6. A 40 ° return resort in the closed position is compressed between the cone 1 and the upper arch of the cover 12. It should also be noted that if, in this example as in that of FIG. 6, it is the spring 40 or 40 8 which ensures the recall to the closed position, this is for safety reasons, the valve being assumed to remain normally closed as long as the actuator does not receive a pressurized fluid. One can obviously imagine a reverse mounting of the spring ensuring the maintenance of the valve in the open position, the actuator causing the valve to close when it is supplied under pressure.

Exemple numérique:Numerical example:

Dans un robinet du type de la Fig. 6 équipé d'un multiplicateur d'effort suivant l'invention, pour un effort de 125 kg en vue d'appliquer la soupape 29 sur le siège 25, il suffit d'un ressort 40 ayant une poussée de 15 5 kg et une grande flexibilité. Il suffit d'un vérin à membrane du commerce d'une surface efficace de 8 cm2, alors que dans un robinet démuni d'un multiplicateur d'effort, il faut un vérin à membrane d'une surface efficace de 35 cm2. Le multiplicateur d'effort de l'invention permet donc de réduire sensiblement l'encombrement et le coût du vérin à membrane et d'alléger considérablement la poussée du ressort.In a tap of the type of FIG. 6 equipped with a force multiplier according to the invention, for a force of 125 kg in order to apply the valve 29 to the seat 25, it suffices a spring 40 having a thrust of 15 5 kg and a large flexibility. All you need is a commercial diaphragm cylinder with an effective surface area of 8 cm 2 , whereas in a tap without a force multiplier, you need a diaphragm cylinder with an effective surface area of 35 cm 2 . The force multiplier of the invention therefore makes it possible to appreciably reduce the size and the cost of the diaphragm cylinder and considerably reduce the spring thrust.

En variante, la rampe de multiplication d'effort 2 peut comporter successivement deux pentes, l'une d'approche avec une certaine multiplication, l'autre de verrouillage avec une multiplication encore plus forte. La première pente pourrait par exemple donner un facteur de multiplication de 5 et la seconde un facteur de multiplication de 10 à 12. Cette dernière serait du côte de l'extrémité la plus éloignée de l'axe de déplacement de la rampe. La rampe 2 peut être également à pente variable de manière continue, comme une came.As a variant, the force multiplication ramp 2 may successively comprise two slopes, one for approaching with a certain multiplication, the other for locking with an even greater multiplication. The first slope could for example give a multiplication factor of 5 and the second a multiplication factor of 10 to 12. The latter would be on the side of the end furthest from the axis of movement of the ramp. The ramp 2 can also have a continuously variable slope, like a cam.

Le multiplicateur de l'invention est utilisable non seulement pour l'actionnement de robinets, mais encore pour le blocage ou lé bridage de pièces à usiner sur des machines-outils, la soupape 29 devenant l'outil de blocage ou de bridage.The multiplier of the invention can be used not only for actuating valves, but also for blocking or clamping workpieces on machine tools, the valve 29 becoming the blocking or clamping tool.

L'invention est encore applicable à l'actionnement de poinçons de marquage ou de découpage, la soupape 29 devenant un outil à découper.The invention is also applicable to the actuation of marking or cutting punches, the valve 29 becoming a cutting tool.

L'invention est encore applicable aux embrayages, la tige de manoeuvre 28 étant alors solidaire d'un disque ou d'un cône d'embrayage.The invention is also applicable to clutches, the operating rod 28 then being secured to a disc or a clutch cone.

Ces différentes applications industrielles ont comme point commun la nécessité d'appliquer un effort plus important en position finale de l'organe actionné qu'au cours du déplacement de cet organe pour gagner cette position, ou encore la nécessité d'appliquer un effort plus important pour détacher un organe actionné d'une certaine position privilégiée, l'éloignement de cette position privilégiée se faisant ensuite avec un effort moins important.These different industrial applications have in common the need to apply a greater force in the final position of the actuated member than during the movement of this member to gain this position, or the need to apply a greater force. to detach an actuated member from a certain privileged position, moving away from this privileged position is then carried out with less effort.

Claims (8)

1. An effort multiplying mechanism, of the type comprising a driving means movable along an axis and having a driving surface which makes a relatively small angle with this axis, a fixed bearing surface making a relatively large angle with this axis, a driven means movable along said axis and having an engaging surface perpendicular to this axis, and rolling means capable of coming into contact simultaneously with these three surfaces, characterized in that each rolling means comprises three independent rolling elements (7-8-9, 107-108-109) which are freely rotatable about the same axis (Y-Y), each of these elements being capable of rolling on only one of the three surfaces (2-3-5, 2c―50―5a).
2. A mechanism as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the driving surface (2) and bearing surface (3) both diverge toward the engaging surface (5).
3. A mechanism as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the driving surface (2) and bearing surface (3) respectively diverge and converge toward the engaging surface (5,58).
4. A mechanism as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the bearing surface (3) is preceded, when considering the active direction (g') of displacement of the driving means, by a surface (47) parallel to the axis (X-X), the driving surface (2) having a step (2a―2b) which makes a large angle with respect to this axis.
5. A mechanism as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the driving means (1) is mounted to slide along a rod (43) which has a head (44) and is rigid with the driven means (4), the driving means being rigid with this head during its return travel (g2).
6. A mechanism as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a second multiplying unit comprising a second driving surface (2°), a second bearing surface (50) and a second engaging surface (51) and a second set of rolling means (107-108-109) similar to the first means (7-8-9), this second unit being arranged in such manner as to multiply the effort in the direction of displacement (g2) of the driving means opposed to the first (g').
7. A mechanism as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the three means (7-8-9, 107-108-109) have different diameters the driving surface (2) and engaging surface (5) having recesses (10―11a―11b, 108-53) which receive with clearance the means (7-8, 107-108) of larger diameter than that (7-9, 107-109) with which they co-operate respectively.
8. Tap having a sliding closure member and an actuating servo-motor, characterized in that a mechanism according to any one of the claims 1 to 7 is interposed between this servo-motor (31-32) and the actuating rod of the closure member (29).
EP78400041A 1977-07-11 1978-06-28 Force multiplying mechanism and stop cock equipped with such a mechanism Expired EP0000850B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7721261A FR2397569A1 (en) 1977-07-11 1977-07-11 MULTIPLIER EFFORT MECHANISM
FR7721261 1977-07-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000850A1 EP0000850A1 (en) 1979-02-21
EP0000850B1 true EP0000850B1 (en) 1980-08-06

Family

ID=9193204

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78400041A Expired EP0000850B1 (en) 1977-07-11 1978-06-28 Force multiplying mechanism and stop cock equipped with such a mechanism

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0000850B1 (en)
BE (1) BE868889A (en)
CH (1) CH625322A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2860116D1 (en)
ES (1) ES471613A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2397569A1 (en)
IT (1) IT7868629A0 (en)
LU (1) LU79943A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2485767A1 (en) * 1980-06-27 1981-12-31 Renault Force amplifier for locking tool onto machine - uses opposing but different tapers on shaft and fixed element to move sleeve
US5018406A (en) * 1989-11-14 1991-05-28 Schuler Incorporated Mechanical locking device

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR425233A (en) * 1910-02-18 1911-06-06 Axel Gram Hanssen Mechanism for transforming a rectilinear movement directed in one direction into another rectilinear movement directed in the opposite direction
FR1007151A (en) * 1948-03-01 1952-05-02 Force multiplier device
FR1391990A (en) * 1964-01-31 1965-03-12 Device for automatic control of the shut-off member of valves or the like
GB1477627A (en) * 1973-05-29 1977-06-22 Grey J Rotary torque transmission device
CH574063A5 (en) * 1974-04-30 1976-03-31 Bolex Int Sa Axial movement inverting mechanism - has balls acting between conical surfaces on push rods with separating spring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU79943A1 (en) 1980-02-14
IT7868629A0 (en) 1978-07-10
BE868889A (en) 1979-01-10
FR2397569B1 (en) 1980-02-29
FR2397569A1 (en) 1979-02-09
EP0000850A1 (en) 1979-02-21
DE2860116D1 (en) 1980-11-27
CH625322A5 (en) 1981-09-15
ES471613A1 (en) 1979-02-01

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