EP0000695B1 - Aufgeschlämmte explosive Zusammensetzungen - Google Patents

Aufgeschlämmte explosive Zusammensetzungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000695B1
EP0000695B1 EP78100232A EP78100232A EP0000695B1 EP 0000695 B1 EP0000695 B1 EP 0000695B1 EP 78100232 A EP78100232 A EP 78100232A EP 78100232 A EP78100232 A EP 78100232A EP 0000695 B1 EP0000695 B1 EP 0000695B1
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composition
parts
composition according
constitutes
group
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EP78100232A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0000695A1 (de
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Donald George Keith
Robin Scott Murray
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Orica Ltd
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ICI Australia Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
    • Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
    • Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
    • Y10S149/115—Organic fuel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to explosive compositions of matter generally known as "slurry explosives”.
  • Slurry explosives comprise inorganic oxidizing salt, fuel, a liquid solvent, disperser or carrier for said salt and, optionally, at least one thickening agent.
  • slurry the degree of consistency may range from pourable or pumpable fluids of varying viscosity, through viscous extrudable gels up to friable materials such as are described in Australian Patent Specification 483 568 and which may be packaged in the form of cartridges.
  • the oxidizing salt component usually comprises nitrate, chlorate or perchlorate of ammonia, sodium, potassium, calcium or barium, the most extensively used salt being ammonium nitrate.
  • the liquid phase may vary widely in its chemical constitution, consistency, and explosive sensitivity.
  • the liquid phase may consist mainly of an aqueous solution of inorganic oxidizing salt, but non-aqueous slurry compositions are known wherein the liquid phase comprises a liquid chemical compound which acts as a fuel to contribute energy to the composition.
  • slurry explosives of the kind described thickening agents for example gums such as guar gum or xanthan gums, or synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide or copolymers thereof have been used in an attempt to prevent segregation of the ingredients or to prevent deterioration in wet conditions.
  • US-PS 3 668 027 describes a water-bearing explosive composition characterized by high detonation velocity comprising a mixture of an inorganic oxidizer salt, nitroglycerine and/or other nitrate esters, nitrocellulose, water and a water thickening agent.
  • the water-bearing explosive compositions, gels and slurries, are prepared by first pregelling nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose followed by adding the remaining ingredients of the explosive composition.
  • GB-PS 1 207 135 teaches that the sensitivity of water-bearing explosives containing nitroglycerine or nitroglyceroglycol may be improved by the addition of zirconium silicate.
  • this Patent Specification is silent on the problem of segregation on storage referred to above.
  • US-PS 3 507 718 describes an explosive slurry of high potency and low cost which is made up of water, sugar beet pulp coated with finely divided carbonaceous material when needed, and/or combined with aluminium in some cases, an aqueous solution of strong oxidizer salt, such as ammonium nitrate, which may contain sodium nitrate or other oxidizer, and a thickener.
  • strong oxidizer salt such as ammonium nitrate, which may contain sodium nitrate or other oxidizer
  • Wood pulp, dried cactus fiber, finely divided dry alfalfa, dried castor bean pomace, etc. may be used in lieu of or with sugar beet pulp, provided the oxidizer solution can penetrate into the fiber while trapping air bubbles there.
  • a slurry explosive composition which comprises at least one inorganic oxidizing salt, a liquid solvent disperser or carrier for the salt, fuel material, and optionally at least one thickening agent which optionally may be crosslinked, characterised in that it contains additionally as a rheology modifying agent synthetic or mineral fibres.
  • fibres includes thread-like bodies and filaments which at least in part consist of synthetic materials or minerals. Typical fibre diameters range from 0.01 to 0.04 microns for asbestos fibrils which are the basis for the bunches or spicules of asbestos which are commonly used to make asbestos-bearing products, whilst diameters of synthetic fibres lie in range from 3 to 500 microns. A diversity of fibrous materials is suitable for use in the invention.
  • suitable materials include glass fibres, glass rovings, anhydrite whiskers, refractory oxide fibres such as are available under the registered trade mark of "Saffil” and in the form of alumina or zirconia; asbestos; carbon fibres; fibres derived from synthetic resins such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, or phenol-formaldehyde; polymeric fibres used in the manufacture of textiles such as fibres of the acrylic type like those fabricated from polyacrylonitrile, polyamides such as nylon 6 or nylon 66, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate or polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyolefines such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polytetrafluoroethylene, poly-urethane fibres such as those commonly referred to as spandex fibres, or fibres such as those from the formal derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • mixtures of fibres may be used as a rheology modifying agent.
  • the fibres are derived from a polymer such a polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer such as a block or graft copolymer and may optionally be substituted or modified.
  • the fibres in comparatively short lengths and many chopped fibres are available commercially in lengths up to about 30 millimetres.
  • glass fibres used in the invention are conveniently in the form of chopped rovings or strands having a length in a range from about 3 to 12 millimetres.
  • Such fibres often have a surface treatment comprising a film forming material which reduces abrasion or fracture of the glass.
  • the fibres may have a circular or quasicircular cross section and dependent on their origin or mode of manufacture may be in the form of solid rods or tubes.
  • a wide range of synthetic fibres is available commercially from fine hosiery fibres to cords used for car tyre manufacture. Typical suitable fibres are those having a diameter in a range from 5 to 100 microns, say in a range from 10 to 40 microns.
  • the fibrous materials may also be treated so as to be in a bulked form and synthetic fibres derived from rayon, polyacrylonitrile, polyamides or polyesters are especially suitable for conversion to such a form.
  • the fibrous materials, especially those derived from synthetic polymers may also contain components derived from differing polymeric materials to provide heterogeneous or conjugate fibres.
  • the amount of fibrous material used in the compositions of the invention will depend to some extent on the nature of the fibre, on the nature of the composition to be modified and the extent to which it is desired to modify the rheology of the composition. We have found that the incorporation of up to about 3% w/w, say from 0,001 to 2% w/w, of the composition of fibrous material is adequate for most purposes and usually the amount of fibrous material used constitutes from 0.1 to 0.6% w/w of the composition.
  • the compositions of our invention are of conventional types.
  • the oxygen releasing salts used as ingredients of our compositions may be, for example, inorganic nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates and mixtures thereof.
  • the oxygen releasing salt material be chosen from the perchlorates or nitrates of the alkali and alkaline earth metals or ammonium and of these we prefer sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate and ammonium nitrate.
  • the amount of oxygen releasing salt in such compositions is not narrowly critical; we have found that compositions containing amounts of oxygen releasing salts from 30% w/w to 90% w/w of the total composition are satisfactory and amounts from 60% w/w to 85% w/w are preferred.
  • the particle size and shape of the oxygen releasing salt is not critical and is well known from the art of ammonium nitrate manufacture; powders and prilled particles are satisfactory.
  • the liquid solvent, disperser or carrier for the oxygen releasing salt will, in the more generally used compositions, be water but useful non-aqueous compositions can be prepared wherein the liquid comprises non-aqueous liquids, for example diethylene glycol, ethanolamine, formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulphoxide, or liquid salt mixtures comprising, for example, ammonium acetate or ammonium formate.
  • the proportion thereof in the compositions should be sufficient to dissolve at least part of the oxygen releasing inorganic salt and at least part of any water soluble fuel which may be present, and also be sufficient to hydrate at least part, preferably all, of any gummy gelling agent present.
  • the amount of water when present may constitute from 3% w/w to 35% w/w of the total composition, but the amount present should not be in excess of the explosive limit of the composition.
  • the water be in the range from 3% w/w to 25% w/w of the total composition.
  • the explosive composition is of the pourable or pumpable type it is more preferred that water constitute from 12% w/w to 17% w/w of the composition; where the composition is of a friable type a very suitable range for the water content is from 3% w/w to 14% w/w and a range of from 4% w/w to 10% w/w is especially preferred.
  • non-aqueous liquid When the said liquid is essentially a non-aqueous liquid it suitably constitutes from 5 to 30% w / w of the composition.
  • a preferred class of non-aqueous liquids useful as components of the compositions of the invention is the class of liquid amines as disclosed in the prior art explosive compositions described in the specification of United States Patent 4,055,450.
  • Such liquid amines include alkylene diamines, alkanolamines and alkylamines and may be typified by reference to amines such as ethylene diamine, ethanolamine, ethylamine, diethylamine or butylamine.
  • the said liquid in the form of a melt derived from a mixture of salts it is convenient that the said liquid constitutes from about 20 to about 60% w/w of the composition.
  • the liquid is derived from a mixture of oxygen-releasing salt material such as ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, and melt soluble fuel material such as carboxylates, thiocyanates, amines or amides which may be typified by reference to substances such as ammonium acetate, ammonium formate, ammonium thiocyanate, hexamethylene tetramine, dicyandiamide, thiourea, acetamide or urea.
  • the fuel material component of the said mixture of salts constitutes from about 30 to about 70% w/w of the said mixture of salts.
  • fuels or fuel materials in this specification we mean substances which are stable in such explosive compositions, that is prior to detonation, during preparation and storage the substance is chemically inert to the system.
  • the said substances must be combustible and their physical nature should be such that they may be incorporated in our compositions in a manner so as to be uniformly distributed throughout the compositions.
  • Such fuels are well known in the art and they may be organic or inorganic and may also be derived from animals and plants.
  • the fuels when employed in the compositions of this invention can be, for example, non-explosive carbonaceous, non-metallic and metallic fuels or mixtures of the aforementioned types of fuels. They can be varied widely.
  • Suitable fuels include organic water soluble substances for example urea, carbohydrates such as sugars or molasses, water soluble alcohols or glycols, glues or mixtures of these.
  • the proportion of water soluble fuel in our compositions is in the range from 0.5% w/w to 10% w/w, preferably from 4 to 7% w/w, of the total composition.
  • suitable fuels include water insoluble or sparingly water soluble materials which may be chosen from inorganic materials for example sulphur, aluminium, silicon, ferrosilicon, ferrophosphorus, magnesium, titanium, boron, mixtures thereof for example mixtures of aluminium with ferrosilicon, or organic materials for example finely divided charcoal, anthracite, gilsonite, asphalt, cellulosic materials such as sawdust, or cereal products for example flours, dextrins or starches.
  • inorganic fuel is a metal it is preferably in granulated or powdered form.
  • Such granulated or powdered metal may be in the form of discrete particles, but metal powders wherein the metal is in the form of flakes or in the form of aggregates of particles or flakes are also satisfactory.
  • Preferred fuels are the metallic powders.
  • the most preferred metallic fuel is aluminium.
  • the proportion of water insoluble or sparingly water soluble non-metallic fuels in such compositions may suitably be in the range from 1% w/w to 10% w/w of the total composition and amounts from 4% w/w to 7% w/w of the total composition are preferred
  • the proportion of metallic water insoluble fuels when present in such compositions may be as high as 25% w/w and amounts in the range from 0.5% w/w to 20% w/w of the total compositions are preferred.
  • additives used in slurry explosives.
  • additives may include for example anti-foaming agents, for example ethyl hexanol, in amounts ranging e.g. from 0 to 0.1 part, or surfactants, for example non-ionic surfactants such as alkylene oxide condensates of phenols, acids or amides, from 0 to 5 parts.
  • additional sensitisers in the form of gas or a mixture of gases such as air may be added to our compositions.
  • a gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide
  • a gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide
  • one or more conventional thickening agents for example gums such as the galactomannan or xanthan gums.
  • Typical examples of galactomannan gums are guar gum or derivatives thereof and locust bean gum whilst the xanthan gums may be typified by reference to biopolymeric materials which are produced by processes comprising the transformation of carbohydrate material by means of micro-organisms such as those of the species ofXanthomonas.
  • a very useful biopolymeric material is that available under the trade name of "Bipolymer" XB23 which is derived from a polymer which has been reacted' with Xanthomonas campestris.
  • Such gums when used in our compositions are in a crosslinked form.
  • the gum component comprises from 0.1 to 3% w/w, more usually from 0.3 to 1.5% w/w, of the composition.
  • the explosive compositions of our invention may be prepared by the conventional formulating techniques used for preparing slurry explosives.
  • a part or all of the oxygen releasing salt may be in the form of a solution of the salt or part may be incorporated in powdered or prilled form.
  • Fuel materials when used may also be incorporated in a dry form or alternatively in the form of a dispersion or solution in part of the liquid component. It has been found convenient to add the rheology modifying agent to the composition by adding the agent itself to the stirred composition either at a constant rate of addition or in quanta or aliquots such that the agent is dispersed through the composition. Alternatively a dispersion of the modifying agent in a part of the liquid component may be added to and mixed with the composition.
  • guar gum When guar gum is used as a component of the compositions of the invention it is preferred that there be present in the composition a sufficiency of liquid to ensure that the gum component is at least partially solvated.
  • agents When agents are used to crosslink such gum it is preferred that such an agent be added as one of the final ingredients.
  • a crosslinking agent is a system comprising two or more components it is desirable that whilst some of the components may be incorporated at any stage of the preparation of the mixture, the last ingredient added is a component of the crosslinking system.
  • a crosslinking system is a redox system it is desirable that the oxidizer component of that system be added to the composition as the final ingredient.
  • thickening agents such as synthetic polymers and copolymers may also be used; for example polymers derived from acrylamide, and especially copolymers derived from acrylamide and containing mer units which bear bidentate groups are satisfactory.
  • Typical examples of such copolymers are those derived from a major proportion of acrylamide and a minor proportion of 2-acetoxyethyl methacrylate or methacryloylacetone optionally with mer units derived from acrylonitrile.
  • compositions of the invention are advantageous over similar non-modified compositions of the prior art in that the rheology of the compositions of the invention is such that it provides enhanced resistance to physical change which may be induced by change in temperature of the composition.
  • the compositions of the invention are more robust and coherent than are their unmodified counterparts of the prior art. Furthermore the individual components of the composition do not tend to segregate as much as is observed in unmodified similar prior art compositions.
  • a water bearing explosive composition was prepared and transferred to waxed paper containers to provide explosive cartridges.
  • aqueous solution containing 192 parts of water and 8 parts of a copolymer derived from acrylamide and hydroxyethyl methacrylate in a molar percentage ratio of 95:5 there was added 16 parts of thiourea, 877 parts of powdered ammonium nitrate, 249 parts of sodium nitrate and 116 parts of urea.
  • the mixture was heated at a temperature of 40°C with stirring to form a premix.
  • Example 1 The general procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that in the present examples there was added, immediately prior to the incorporation of the sodium dichromate solution into the composition, an amount of a fibrous component as set out below.
  • a fibrous component As set out below.
  • the resultant compositions were different in regard to their rheological properties in comparison with the composition of Example 1.
  • Shortly after the fibrous material had been incorporated into the composition it was observed, in general qualitative terms, that the compositions were more viscous and ultimately assumed a coherent putty-like consistency.
  • the compositions obtained were detonable.
  • the mixture was stirred until a weak gel began to form whereupon the stirred mixture was cooled and 195 parts of nitrocellulose which was dampened with 30% of its weight with water was incorporated into the stirred mixture, followed by 40 parts of bulked polyacrylonitrile fibres which were from 15 to 25 millimetres in length. As the fibres were incorporated into the stirred mixture, the composition changed from a weak gel to a firm plastic composition. 15 parts of zinc chromate were then added to the composition which was extruded into cylindrical cartridges which had been fabricated from waxed paper. The cartridges were then detonated using two No 8 aluminium detonators.
  • the fibre content of the explosive composition so formed was 0.4% w/w.
  • a dry premix was prepared by mixing 663 parts of powdered ammonium nitrate, 30 parts of sodium nitrate, 100 parts of "Aluminium powder 125", and 6 parts of a xanthan gum available under the designation "Biopolymer” XB23. To this premix there was added 50 parts of sugar dissolved in 110 parts of water. The resultant mixture was stirred to a uniform mass during which time the gum became hydrated. A slurry of 40 parts of water, 0.8 part of potassium animony tartrate, 2.5 parts of asbestos fibres and 5 parts of chopped zirconia fibres was then added to and mixed with the mixture prepared above and then 0.8 part of ceric sulphate was added. There was thus obtained a detonable, strongly gelled explosive composition.
  • the fibre content of the explosive composition so formed was 0.75% w/w.
  • the fibre content of the explosive composition so formed was 0.3% w/w.
  • a mixture was prepared by mixing 490 parts of prilled ammonium nitrate, 25 parts of powdered sodium nitrate, 75 parts of sugar, 350 parts of water and 10 parts of guar gum. To this mixture was added 50 parts of retiporous granules derived from melamine-formaldehyde resin wherein the formaldehyde/melamine molar ratio was 4/1. Such granules act as agents to sensitize explosive compositions to detonation and their preparation is discussed in Example 12 of British Patent Specification 1,314,285.
  • the fibre content of the explosive composition so formed was 0.4% w/w.
  • a dispersion was prepared wherein 4 parts of guar gum were hydrated in a mixture of 600 parts of ammonium nitrate, 130 parts of sodium nitrate, 136 parts of water, 50 parts of sugar, 30 parts of sulphur, 70 parts of aluminium, 20 parts of gilsonite and 0.3 part of arsenious oxide.
  • a fibrous slurry was prepared by dispersing 3 parts of the nylon 66 fibres used in Example 2 in a solution which had been prepared by dissolving 1 part of sodium dichromate in 9 parts of water.
  • Example 4 Using the apparatus described in Examples 1 and 3 of Belgian Patent Specification 778210 and the method of Example 4 of the same patent the dispersion was pumped at a rate of 32 kilograms per minute through a loading hose to an attached interfacial surface generator mixer.
  • the fibrous slurry was pumped at a rate of 150 millilitres per minute and injected into the dispersion just before the latter passed out of the loading hose and through the interfacial surface generator mixer.
  • the explosive composition so formed was thus located in a borehole in the form of a stiff cohesive gel which was detonated successfully four hours later.
  • the fibre content of the explosive composition so formed was 0.11% w/w.
  • a mixture was prepared from 3000 parts of ammonium nitrate, 360 parts of thiourea, 5184 parts of water and 216 parts of the copolymer used in Example 1 and there was then added with stirring 180 parts of a solution containing equal weights of water and sodium dichromate.
  • the mixture so prepared was placed in polyethylene cylinders which had a diameter of 5 centimetres and a length of 5.5 centimetres, and after 16 hours it was observed that the mixture had been converted to a gel.
  • the samples of the gel so obtained which was a precursor of a slurry explosive composition, were removed from the cylinders and were tested to destruction using the well known testing device available under the registered trade mark of "Instron" and which is used to determine the compression at the break point of materials. ft was found that the samples could be compressed by no more than 1.0 centimetre before they broke.
  • Example 11 The general procedure of Example 11 was repeated except that in each of Examples 12 to 17 there was added to the mixture immediately prior to the addition of the sodium dichromate solution 150 parts of synthetic fibrous yarns as set out in Table 2.
  • Table 2 also contains data relating to the yarn thickness and length, and the extent to which the gels could be compressed prior to break. The products of these examples were more robust than was the product of comparative Example 11.
  • the fibre content of the explosive compositions so formed was 1.65% w/w.
  • a range of explosives compositions was prepared by the admixture of differing fibrous materials in various amounts to a composition described in Example 1.
  • the type, average length and average diameter of the fibrous materials, together with the percentage which they constitute of the explosive composition is set out in Table 3.
  • Table 3 also there is set down a quantitative measurements of two stress values which are related to the rigidity of the explosive composition; the greater the stress value the more rigid is the composition.
  • the stress values are related to the magnitude of the forces required to deform a cylindrical sample of an explosive composition either (a) along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder (axial stress) or (b) at right angles to this longitudinal axis (lateral stress).
  • the stress values which are referred to as axial and lateral stress gradients and defined hereinbelow, are expressed as grams weight per cubic centimetre at a temperature of 19°C.
  • the stress values were determined by the following procedure: The "Instron" testing device referred to in Example 11 was modified so that a cylindrical brass probe was secured to a crosshead which was set to move downwards at a constant rate of 1 centimetre per minute.
  • To determine the axial stress value a three day-old sample of the explosive composition was confined in a cylindrical plastic vial of diameter 2.4 centimetres which fitted snugly into a cylindrical hole in a jacketed sample holder maintained at a temperature of 19°C by means of water circulated from a thermostated water-bath.
  • the brass probe was lowered so that it passed longitudinally through the sample, and the resistance of movement of the probe through the sample as a function of the depth of penetration was detected by conventional transducer means and recorded on conventional recording chart paper.
  • the stress value is defined as the maximum value of the gradient of a curve derived from values of the expression,
  • the lateral stress value was obtained in a similar manner except that the explosive composition in the form of a cylinder of diameter of 2.5 centimetres was placed in a groove in the sample holder and the probe was passed transversely through the sample.
  • the fibrous material referred to as "Spindrift” (Registered Trade Mark) is a random polyester material containing a range of lengths and diameters of loose and clumped fibres; and "Perlon” is a registered trade mark for material believed to comprise polycaprolactam.
  • the reference to "flock” materials is related to fibrous materials available commercially in short, cut lengths and suitable for use as a raw material in conventional electrostatic flocking processes.
  • Example 1 This is a comparative example wherein the composition of Example 1 was tested by the procedures used in Examples 18 to 35 inclusive to determine the axial stress and lateral stress values thereof. These are set out in Table 3 and it will be observed that the values of this example are less than the corresponding vaiues of Examples 18 to 35 inclusive.
  • Example 36 The general procedure of Example 36 was repeated except the axial and lateral stress values were determined at a temperature of 38°C. The results obtained are set out in Table 4 and it will be observed that the values of this comparative example are less than the corresponding values of Examples 37 to 41 inclusive.
  • the fibre content of the explosive composition so formed was 1.00% w/w.

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Claims (11)

1. Schlämmsprengstoffzusammensetzung, welche mindestens ein anorganisches oxidierendes Salz, ein flüssiges Lösungsmittel, Dispergiermittel oder Trägermittel für das Salz, einen Brennstoff und gegebenenfalls mindestens ein Eindickungsmittel, das gegebenenfalls vernetzt sein kann, enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zusätzlich als Rheologiemodifizierungsmittel synthetische oder Mineralfassem enthält.
2. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher sich das Fasermaterial von einem Material ableitet, bei dem das Verhältnis der Längsabmessung zur Querabmessung im Bereich von 10:1 bis 1000:1 liegt.
3. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der das Fasermaterial eine Länge im Bereich von 0,5 bis 30 mm aufweist.
4. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei der das Fasermaterial sich von einem Polymer ableitet, das aus der aus Polyamiden, Polyestern, Polyolefinen, Polyurethanen und Polyacrylonitrilen bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
5. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, bei der das Fasermaterial aus der aus Nylon-6, Nylon-66, Poly(äthylenterephthalat, Poly(äthylen) und Poly(acrylonitril) bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
6. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei der das Fasermaterial sich von einem Material ableitet, das aus der aus Asbest, Glas und feuerfesten Oxiden bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
7. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 6, bei der das feuerfest Oxid aus der aus Aluminiumoxid und Zirkoniumoxid bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist.
8. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei der das Fasermaterial 0,001 bis 2 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmacht.
9. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei der das Fasermaterial 0,1 bis 0,6 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmacht.
10. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei der das Salz aus der aus Perchloraten und Nitraten von Alkalimetallen, Erdalkalimetallen und Ammonium bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist und 30 bis 90 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmacht; das flüssige Lösungsmittel, Dispergiermittel oder Trägermittel 3 bis 60 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmacht; der Brennstoff aus organischen wasserlöslichen Stoffen, die 0,5 bis 10 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmachen, wasserunlöslichen und schwach wasserlöslichen Materialien, die 1 bis 10 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmachen, und metallischen wasserunlöslichen Materialien, die bis zu 25 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmachen, ausgewählt ist; und das Eindickungsmittel aus Galactomannangummis, Xanthangummis und von Acrylamid abgeleiten polymeren Materialien ausgewählt ist und 0,1 bis 3 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmacht.
11. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 10, bei der das Salz aus der aus Natriumnitrat, Calciumnitrat und Ammoniumnitrat bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist und 60 bis 85 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmacht; das flüssige Lösungsmittel Wasser ist und 3 bis 25% der Zusammensetzung ausmacht; der Brennstoff aus organischen wasserlöslichen Stoffen, die 4 bis 7 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmachen, wasserunlöslichen und schwach wasserlöslichen Materialien, die 4 bis 7 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung aus machen, und Metallpulvern, die 0,5 bis 20 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmachen, ausgewählt ist; und das Eindickungsmittel aus Guargummi, Hydroxypropylguargummi, Johannisbrotgummi, polymeren biologischen Materialien, die sich von Xanthomonas campestris ableiten, und copolymeren Materialien, die einen überwiegenden Anteil an Polyacrylamid enthalten, ausgewählt ist und 0,3 bis 1,5 Gew.% der Zusammensetzung ausmacht.
EP78100232A 1977-06-24 1978-06-23 Aufgeschlämmte explosive Zusammensetzungen Expired EP0000695B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU549/77 1977-06-24
AUPD054977 1977-06-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000695A1 EP0000695A1 (de) 1979-02-21
EP0000695B1 true EP0000695B1 (de) 1981-09-23

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78100232A Expired EP0000695B1 (de) 1977-06-24 1978-06-23 Aufgeschlämmte explosive Zusammensetzungen

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4140561A (de)
EP (1) EP0000695B1 (de)
BR (1) BR7804002A (de)
DE (1) DE2861110D1 (de)
GB (1) GB1596889A (de)
HK (1) HK18982A (de)
IT (1) IT1158859B (de)
NO (1) NO145159C (de)
NZ (1) NZ187532A (de)
ZA (1) ZA783437B (de)

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US4456494A (en) * 1980-05-29 1984-06-26 Energy Sciences Partners, Ltd. System for making an aqueous slurry-type blasting composition
US4439254A (en) * 1982-04-05 1984-03-27 Atlas Powder Company Solid sensitizers in water gel explosives and method
US4416711A (en) * 1982-12-17 1983-11-22 Ireco Chemicals Perchlorate slurry explosive
US4812179A (en) * 1984-09-10 1989-03-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Method of increasing the burning rate enhancement by mechanical accelerators
US4637848A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-01-20 Apache Powder Company High density gel explosive
GB2191770A (en) * 1986-06-17 1987-12-23 Secr Defence Ignition transfer medium
GB2233343B (en) * 1989-06-30 1993-07-07 Farmos Oy A bacterial preparation for use in poultry
US5547525A (en) * 1993-09-29 1996-08-20 Thiokol Corporation Electrostatic discharge reduction in energetic compositions
US5411615A (en) * 1993-10-04 1995-05-02 Thiokol Corporation Aluminized eutectic bonded insensitive high explosive
US5470408A (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-11-28 Thiokol Corporation Use of carbon fibrils to enhance burn rate of pyrotechnics and gas generants
US6224099B1 (en) * 1997-07-22 2001-05-01 Cordant Technologies Inc. Supplemental-restraint-system gas generating device with water-soluble polymeric binder
US6170399B1 (en) 1997-08-30 2001-01-09 Cordant Technologies Inc. Flares having igniters formed from extrudable igniter compositions
US6334917B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2002-01-01 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Propellant compositions for gas generating apparatus
US6120626A (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-09-19 Autoliv Asp Inc. Dispensing fibrous cellulose material
US6315930B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2001-11-13 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Method for making a propellant having a relatively low burn rate exponent and high gas yield for use in a vehicle inflator

Family Cites Families (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1510904A (fr) * 1966-11-07 1968-01-26 Nobel Bozel Dynamites plastiques et en bouillie perfectionnées
US3400026A (en) * 1967-01-16 1968-09-03 Du Pont Thickened aqueous inorganic oxidizer salt explosive composition containing dissolvedproteinaceous material
GB1205971A (en) * 1967-09-13 1970-09-23 Du Pont Blasting agent
US3409484A (en) * 1967-09-15 1968-11-05 Commercial Solvents Corp Thickened inorganic oxidizer salt slurried explosive containing an alkylamine nitrate and an air-entrapping material
US3522117A (en) * 1968-08-07 1970-07-28 Du Pont Aerated water-bearing inorganic oxidizer salt blasting agent containing dissolved and undissolved carbonaceous fuel
GB1200860A (en) * 1968-10-07 1970-08-05 Canadian Ind Explosive compositions
US3507718A (en) * 1969-03-26 1970-04-21 Intermountain Res & Eng Explosive slurry containing pulpy fibrous matter,finely divided carbonaceous material and powerful inorganic oxidizer salt
US3668027A (en) * 1969-09-26 1972-06-06 Comercial Solvents Corp Method of making nitrocellulose-nitroglycerine water-bearing explosive compositions
US3764419A (en) * 1970-11-09 1973-10-09 H Sheeran Method of making a blasting agent having variable density

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7804002A (pt) 1979-01-16
US4140561A (en) 1979-02-20
NO145159B (no) 1981-10-19
IT7824880A0 (it) 1978-06-22
GB1596889A (en) 1981-09-03
NO145159C (no) 1982-01-27
ZA783437B (en) 1979-07-25
IT1158859B (it) 1987-02-25
EP0000695A1 (de) 1979-02-21
NZ187532A (en) 1980-12-19
DE2861110D1 (en) 1981-12-10
HK18982A (en) 1982-05-14
NO782191L (no) 1978-12-28

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