EP0000676B1 - Method and apparatus for controlling an electron beam welding generator - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for controlling an electron beam welding generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000676B1
EP0000676B1 EP78400057A EP78400057A EP0000676B1 EP 0000676 B1 EP0000676 B1 EP 0000676B1 EP 78400057 A EP78400057 A EP 78400057A EP 78400057 A EP78400057 A EP 78400057A EP 0000676 B1 EP0000676 B1 EP 0000676B1
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Prior art keywords
tension
phase
cathode
power
wehnelt
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0000676A1 (en
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François Corcelle
Jean-Pierre Hamon
Philippe Martin
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Lincoln Electric Co France SA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
La Soudure Autogene Francaise
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
    • H01J37/302—Controlling tubes by external information, e.g. programme control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/02—Details
    • H01J37/24—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
    • H01J37/241—High voltage power supply or regulation circuits

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  • the invention relates to a method and an installation for regulating an electron beam welding generator.
  • the main advantage of operating in "diode” mode lies in the fact that the electrostatic concentration point or “crossover” of the electron beam remains substantially unchanged during adjustment and by locating it at the level of the anode passage passage, it is can achieve this passage as narrowly as possible, which considerably increases the pressure drop between the interelectrode space and the rest of the barrel, thus allowing to maintain a deep vacuum of the order of 1.33 10- 5 mbar (10- 5 torr) in this inter-electrode space which is particularly delicate due to the risks of breakdowns, while the rest of the electronic gun, that is to say the area of the electromagnetic lens and even the chamber welding can be maintained under a shallower vacuum called primary vacuum, of the order of 1.33 10- 2 to 1.33 10- 3 mbar (10- 2 to 10- 3 torr).
  • the main drawback of operating in "diode" mode is that the power can vary substantially as a function not only of variations in the high voltage, but also as a function of the perveance of the gun, this pervéance being in particular a function of dimensional variations, thermal origin, certain elements constituting the electronic gun and also the aging of the cathode. Compensating for these variations in power therefore requires regulation of the high voltage, which leads to relatively complex arrangements which are unsuitable for being implemented with the high frequency power modulation operations, which are often required in operations. electron beam welding.
  • the present invention applies to electron beam welding operations comprising a gradual rise and fall of the welding power and has the object of overcoming the drawbacks mentioned in "diode” mode and in “triode” mode by using an appropriate combination of these two regulatory methods, which makes it possible to essentially implement their advantages each time, without however causing the drawbacks which have been mentioned.
  • the acceleration voltage variations are ensured by an induction type regulator supplying regulation by thyristors and the output voltage of said induction regulator is adjusted to a value greater than 5 to 15% to the value of the voltage required at the output of the regulation by thyristors.
  • an electronic gun 1 essentially comprises a cathode 2 heated by a filament 3, a Wehnelt 4 and an anode 5, as well as an electromagnetic focusing winding 6.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 5 are connected to the terminals of a circuit incorporating from upstream to downstream a secondary of a transformer 11, a rectifier bridge and a filtering means, represented in FIG. 1 by the element 10, the assembly 12 represents the primary of the transformer 11 and the set of associated thyristors, which themselves are supplied by an induction regulator 13.
  • the induction regulator 13 usually comprises a rotating part which can be rotated by a motor 14 supplied by an amplifier 15 from a control device 16 having several inputs, one of which 17 incorporates a potentiometer 18 for adjusting the voltage rise slope according to a curve 19, while another input 20 incorporates a potentiometer 21 of re setting of the descent slope of the high voltage according to a curve 22.
  • a third input 23 maintains the maximum voltage at the output of the regula induction tor at the level indicated in 24.
  • the Wehnelt 4 is itself connected to a power supply 30, which is controlled by a servo device 31 comparing, on the one hand via a circuit 32 with potentiometer 33, a reference voltage corresponding to the displayed value of the maximum current of welding 1 indicated in 34, on the other hand a voltage measured by the circuit 35 leading to a resistance terminal 36, traversed by the welding current and the other terminal of which is connected to ground 37.
  • the assembly 40 comprises a device which performs the comparison between the value of the very high voltage displayed by the potentiometer 57 and the value measured continuously by the divider bridge 58 and which controls the triggers 41 of the thyristors.
  • the welding current is still kept constant by a progressive depolarization of the Wehnelt 4, and the power drop follows a moderate slope, while in the next phase t4-t5, not only the voltage of acceleration continues to drop, but also the welding current also begins to decrease. It is in fact very exactly a reverse sequence from that which we encountered during the time 0-t2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé et une installation de régulation d'un générateur de soudage par faisceau d'électrons.The invention relates to a method and an installation for regulating an electron beam welding generator.

Dans certains cas de soudage par faisceau d'électrons, en particulier lors du soudage de pièces circulaires, il s'avère nécessaire, afin d'éliminer les défauts qu'occasionnent les montées en puissance et les extinctions brutales, d'effectuer une montée progressive en puissance suivie d'un palier en puissance substantiellement constante (ou variable selon la configuration de la pièce) puis une descente progressive en puissance à la fin de l'opération de soudage.In some cases of electron beam welding, in particular when welding circular parts, it is necessary, in order to eliminate the faults caused by ramp-ups and sudden extinctions, to carry out a gradual rise in power followed by a plateau in substantially constant power (or variable depending on the configuration of the part) then a gradual decrease in power at the end of the welding operation.

Dans le cas de machine de production à grande cadence, ou dans le cas de production de pièces délicates à souder, il s'est avéré nécessaire, pour obtenir un taux de rebut minimal, de réguler à des valeurs aussi constantes que possible les paramètres essentiels du soudage, à savoir la haute tension d'accélération, le courant de soudage débité par le canon et le courant de la lentille magnétique de focalisation.In the case of a high-speed production machine, or in the case of production of delicate parts to be welded, it has proved necessary, in order to obtain a minimum scrap rate, to regulate the values as constant as possible the essential parameters welding, namely the high acceleration voltage, the welding current delivered by the gun and the current of the magnetic focusing lens.

Cette régulation de la puissance de soudage est généralement effectuée par l'un ou l'autre des deux procédés suivants:

  • -d'une part, on peut faire varier seulement la valeur de la haute tension, ce qui entraîne une variation corrélative du courant de soudage, donc de la puissance délivrée par le canon électronique. C'est le fonctionnement dit en régime "diode",
  • -d'autre part, on peut faire varier seulement le courant électronique de soudage émis par le canon en maintenant la haute tension constante et cela en polarisant plus ou moins négativement le Wehnelt par rapport à la cathode. C'est le fonctionnement en régime "triode". Ce mode de régulation est par exemple connu de l'article publié dans le journal "automatic Welding", volume 22, 1969, n° 2 pages 58 à 62, où l'on décrit un procédé et un dispositif de régulation d'un générateur de soudage par faisceau d'électrons du genre comportant un canon électronique à trois électrodes : cathode, Wehnelt, anode, selon lequel on agit sur la tension d'accélération entre cathode et anode et/ou sur la tension de polarisation du Wehnelt, pour assurer une opération de soudage comprenant une phase initiale de montée progressive en puissance, une phase opératoire substantiellement en palier de puissance qui est assurée par un maintien substantiellement constant de la tension d'accélération tout en régulant dans d'étroites limites, la puissance par variation du courant de soudage obtenue exclusivement par variation du potentiel du Wehnelt et une phase terminale de descente progressive en puissance.
This regulation of the welding power is generally carried out by one or the other of the two following methods:
  • on the one hand, it is possible to vary only the value of the high voltage, which causes a correlative variation in the welding current, therefore in the power delivered by the electronic gun. This is the so-called "diode" operation,
  • on the other hand, only the electronic welding current emitted by the gun can be varied by keeping the high voltage constant and this by polarizing the Wehnelt more or less negatively with respect to the cathode. It is the operation in mode "triode". This regulation mode is for example known from the article published in the journal "automatic Welding", volume 22, 1969, n ° 2 pages 58 to 62, where a method and a device for regulating a generator are described. electron beam welding of the kind comprising an electronic gun with three electrodes: cathode, Wehnelt, anode, according to which one acts on the acceleration voltage between cathode and anode and / or on the bias voltage of the Wehnelt, to ensure a welding operation comprising an initial phase of progressive increase in power, an operating phase substantially in power step which is ensured by a substantially constant maintenance of the acceleration voltage while regulating within narrow limits, the power by variation of the welding current obtained exclusively by variation of the Wehnelt potential and a terminal phase of progressive power down.

L'une et l'autre de ces procédés ont leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs.Both of these methods have their respective advantages and disadvantages.

L'avantage principal du fonctionnement en régime "diode" réside dans le fait que le point de concentration électrostatique ou "crossover" du faisceau électronique reste sensiblement inchangé au cours du réglage et en le situant au niveau du passage de traversée d'anode, on peut réaliser ce passage de façon aussi étroite que possible, ce qui permet d'accroître considérablement la perte de charge entre l'espace intérélectrodes et le reste du canon, permettant ainsi de maintenir un vide profond de l'order de 1,33 10-5 mbar ( 10-5 torr) dans cet espace inter-électrode qui est particulièrement délicat du fait des risques de claquages, tandis que le reste du canon électronique, c'est-à-dire la zone de la lentille électromagnétique et même la chambre de soudage peuvent être maintenues sous un vide moins profond dit vide primaire, de l'ordre de 1,33 10-2 à 1,33 10-3 mbar (10-2 à 10-3 torr).The main advantage of operating in "diode" mode lies in the fact that the electrostatic concentration point or "crossover" of the electron beam remains substantially unchanged during adjustment and by locating it at the level of the anode passage passage, it is can achieve this passage as narrowly as possible, which considerably increases the pressure drop between the interelectrode space and the rest of the barrel, thus allowing to maintain a deep vacuum of the order of 1.33 10- 5 mbar (10- 5 torr) in this inter-electrode space which is particularly delicate due to the risks of breakdowns, while the rest of the electronic gun, that is to say the area of the electromagnetic lens and even the chamber welding can be maintained under a shallower vacuum called primary vacuum, of the order of 1.33 10- 2 to 1.33 10- 3 mbar (10- 2 to 10- 3 torr).

L'inconvénient principal de fonctionnement en régime "diode" est que la puissance peut varier substantiellement en fonction non seulement de variations de la haute tension, mais également en fonction de la pervéance du canon, cette pervéance étant notamment fonction des variations dimensionnelles, d'origine thermique, de certains éléments constituant le canon électronique et également du vieillissement de la cathode. La compensation de ces variations de puissance nécessite donc une régulation de la haute tension, ce qui conduit à des dispositions relativement complexes peu appropriées à être mises en oeuvre avec les opérations de modulation de la puissance à fréquence élevée, qui sont souvent exigées dans les opérations de soudage par faisceau d'électrons.The main drawback of operating in "diode" mode is that the power can vary substantially as a function not only of variations in the high voltage, but also as a function of the perveance of the gun, this pervéance being in particular a function of dimensional variations, thermal origin, certain elements constituting the electronic gun and also the aging of the cathode. Compensating for these variations in power therefore requires regulation of the high voltage, which leads to relatively complex arrangements which are unsuitable for being implemented with the high frequency power modulation operations, which are often required in operations. electron beam welding.

Au contraire, le fonctionnement en régime "triode" permet d'obtenir par de simples modifications de la polarisation du Wehnelt une régulation aisée du courant de soudage, donc une puissance de soudage régulée à une valeur qui peut être constante. Cependant, les variations importantes de polarisation du Wehnelt s'accompagnent d'un déplacement du point de focalisation électrostatique et d'un accroîsse- ment de l'angle d'ouverture du faisceau électronique ce qui fait que, pour éviter un échauffement excessif de l'anode, on est amené à accroître substantiellement la conductance de celle-ci, en d'autres termes à accroître le diamètre du passage de traversée anodique, ce qui a un effet particuliérement néfaste sur le maintien du vide profond dans l'espace interélectrodes.On the contrary, the operation in "triode" mode makes it possible to obtain, by simple modifications of the polarization of the Wehnelt, an easy regulation of the welding current, therefore a welding power regulated to a value which can be constant. However, the significant variations in Wehnelt polarization are accompanied by a displacement of the electrostatic focusing point and an increase in the opening angle of the electron beam, which means that, to avoid excessive heating of the 'anode, it is necessary to substantially increase the conductance thereof, in other words to increase the diameter of the anode crossing passage, which has a particularly harmful effect on the maintenance of deep vacuum in the interelectrode space.

La présente invention s'applique aux opérations de soudage par faisceau électronique comportant une montée et une descente progressive de la puissance de soudage et a pour objet de pallier les inconvénients mentionnés en régime "diode" et en régime "triode" en utilisant une combinaison appropriée de ces deux procédés de régulation, qui permet de mettre en oeuvre essentiellement chaque fois leurs avantages, sans pour autant entraîner les inconvénients qui ont été mentionnés.The present invention applies to electron beam welding operations comprising a gradual rise and fall of the welding power and has the object of overcoming the drawbacks mentioned in "diode" mode and in "triode" mode by using an appropriate combination of these two regulatory methods, which makes it possible to essentially implement their advantages each time, without however causing the drawbacks which have been mentioned.

Selon l'invention, au cours d'un procédé de régulation d'un générateur de soudage par faisceau d'électrons du type à trois électrodes : cathode, Wehnelt et anode, selon lequel on agit sur la tension d'accélération entre cathode et anode, et/ou sur la tension de polarisation du Wehnelt, pour assurer une opération de soudage comprenant une phase initiale de montée progressive en puissance, une phase opératoire substantiellement en palier de puissance qui est assurée par un maintien substantiellement constant de la tension d'accélération, tout en régulant dans d'étroites limites la puissance par variation du courant de soudage obtenu exclusivement par variation du potentiel du Wehnelt et une phase terminale de descente progressive en puissance, on prévoit de mettre en oeuvre la combinaison des mesures suivantes:

  • a) le phase initiale comprend une première phase de montée en puissance par accroissement simultané, depuis des valeurs nulles, de la tension d'accélération et du courant de soudage, en maintenant le Wehnelt au potentiel de la cathode, cette première phase étant suivie d'une seconde phase au cours de laquelle la tension d'accélération continue à croître progressivement jusqu'à sa tension de palier, tandis que le Wehnelt est progressivement polarisé négativement par rapport à la cathode pour maintenir le courant de soudage substantiellement constant.
  • b) la phase terminale de descente progressive en puissance comprend une première phase de descente en puissance par réduction progressive de la tension d'accélération et un maintien substantiellement constant du courant par réduction progressive de la polarisation du Wehnelt jusqu'au potentiel de la cathode, et une seconde phase de descente en puissance obtenue par réduction de la tension d'accélération et du courant de soudage jusqu'à une valeur nulle.
According to the invention, during a regulation process of an electron beam welding generator of the type with three electrodes: cathode, Wehnelt and anode, according to which one acts on the acceleration voltage between cathode and anode , and / or on the bias voltage of the Wehnelt, to ensure a welding operation comprising an initial phase of progressive increase in power, an operational phase substantially in power step which is ensured by a substantially constant maintenance of the acceleration voltage , while regulating within narrow limits the power by variation of the welding current obtained exclusively by variation of the potential of the Wehnelt and a terminal phase of progressive descent in power, provision is made to implement the combination of the following measures:
  • a) the initial phase comprises a first phase of ramp-up by simultaneous increase, from zero values, of the acceleration voltage and of the welding current, while maintaining the Wehnelt at the potential of the cathode, this first phase being followed by 'a second phase during which the acceleration voltage continues to increase progressively until it reaches its plateau voltage, while the Wehnelt is progressively negatively polarized with respect to the cathode to maintain the welding current substantially constant.
  • b) the final phase of progressive power descent comprises a first phase of power descent by progressive reduction of the acceleration voltage and a substantially constant maintenance of the current by progressive reduction of the polarization of the Wehnelt to the potential of the cathode, and a second power descent phase obtained by reducing the acceleration voltage and the welding current to a zero value.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, on assure les variations de tension d'accélération par un régulateur du type à induction alimentant une régulation par thyristors et on règle la tension de sortie dudit régulateur à induction à une valeur supérieure de 5 à 15% à la valeur de la tension requise en sortie de la régulation par thyristors.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the acceleration voltage variations are ensured by an induction type regulator supplying regulation by thyristors and the output voltage of said induction regulator is adjusted to a value greater than 5 to 15% to the value of the voltage required at the output of the regulation by thyristors.

De la sorte, l'essentiel de la montée en puissance, ou de la descente en puissance, est assuré exclusivement par accroissement de la tension d'accélération, donc en régime "diode", ce qui signifie que le faisceau électronique reste bien focalisé dans le passage de traversée d'anode avec un angle d'ouverture aussi réduit que possible, tandis que les variations de tension d'accélération et/ou courant de soudage en régime de palier sont assurées par des modifications faciles à mettre en oeuvre de la polarisation du Wehnelt, donc en régime "triode" et comme ces variations sont cantonnées dans des limites étroites, elles ne risquent pas de provoquer d'importants déplacements du point de convergence. électrostatique du faisceau, en sorte qu'on peut conserver le passage d'anode pratiquement avec la dimension réduite convenable en régime "diode".In this way, most of the increase in power, or the decrease in power, is ensured exclusively by increasing the acceleration voltage, therefore in "diode" mode, which means that the electron beam remains well focused in the passage of the anode through with an opening angle as small as possible, while the variations in acceleration voltage and / or welding current in bearing mode are ensured by easy modifications of the polarization of the Wehnelt, therefore in "triode" regime and as these variations are confined within narrow limits, they are not likely to cause significant displacements of the point of convergence. electrostatic of the beam, so that the anode passage can be kept practically with the appropriate reduced dimension in "diode" mode.

Selon l'invention, une installation de régulation d'un générateur de soudage par faisceau d'électrons destiné à mettre en oeuvre le procédé ci-dessus, du genre avec une alimentation comportant un pont redresseur à tension associée, en amont, à un régulateur par induction, est caractérisée en ce qu'on prévoit:

  • a) des moyens de commande du régulateur à induction asservis à un moyen de montée en tension selon une vitesse donnée réglable, des moyens de réglage et de régulation en tension maximale selon une valeur donnée réglable, et un moyen de descente en tension selon une vitesse donnée réglable asservissant le régulateur à induction.
  • b) un moyen d'alimentation du Wehnelt asservi à un dispositif d'asservissement comparant une valeur maximale affichée du courant de soudage à une valeur mesurée.
According to the invention, an installation for regulating an electron beam welding generator intended to implement the above method, of the type with a power supply comprising a voltage rectifier bridge associated, upstream, with a regulator by induction, is characterized in that it provides:
  • a) means for controlling the induction regulator slaved to a means for increasing the voltage according to a given adjustable speed, means for adjusting and regulating the maximum voltage according to a given adjustable value, and a means for lowering the voltage according to a speed adjustable data controlling the induction regulator.
  • b) a Wehnelt supply means slaved to a slaving device comparing a displayed maximum value of the welding current with a measured value.

Un mode de réalisation de l'invention est maintenant décrit en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • -la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une installation selon l'invention;
  • -la figure 2 représente un diagramme respectivement de la tension d'accélération UTHT, du courant de soudage I et de la puissance 1 x UTHT délivrée par le canon en fonction du temps.
An embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an installation according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 represents a diagram respectively of the acceleration voltage U THT , of the welding current I and of the power 1 × U THT delivered by the gun as a function of time.

En se rérérant aux dessins annexés, on voit qu'un canon électronique 1 comprend essentiellement une cathode 2 chauffée par un filament 3, un Wehnelt 4 et une anode 5, ainsi qu'un enroulement de focalisation électromagnétique 6. La cathode 2 et l'anode 5 sont branchées aux bornes d'un circuit incorporant d'amont en aval un secondaire d'un transformateur 11, un pont redresseur et un moyen de filtrage, représentés sur la figure 1 par l'élément 10, l'ensemble 12 représente le primaire du transformateur 11 et le jeu de thyristors associés, qui eux-mêmes sont alimentés par un régulateur à induction 13. Le régulateur à induction 13 comporte de façon usuelle une partie tournante qui peut être mise en rotation par un moteur 14 alimenté par un amplificateur 15 à partir d'un dispositif de commande 16 ayant plusieurs entrées, dont l'une 17 incorpore un potentiomètre 18 de réglage de la pente de montée en tension selon une courbe 19, tandis qu'une autre entrée 20 incorpore un potentiomètre 21 de réglage de la pente de descente de la haute tension selon une courbe 22. Une troisième entrée 23 maintient la tension maximale en sortie du régulateur à induction au niveau indiqué en 24.Referring to the accompanying drawings, it can be seen that an electronic gun 1 essentially comprises a cathode 2 heated by a filament 3, a Wehnelt 4 and an anode 5, as well as an electromagnetic focusing winding 6. The cathode 2 and the anode 5 are connected to the terminals of a circuit incorporating from upstream to downstream a secondary of a transformer 11, a rectifier bridge and a filtering means, represented in FIG. 1 by the element 10, the assembly 12 represents the primary of the transformer 11 and the set of associated thyristors, which themselves are supplied by an induction regulator 13. The induction regulator 13 usually comprises a rotating part which can be rotated by a motor 14 supplied by an amplifier 15 from a control device 16 having several inputs, one of which 17 incorporates a potentiometer 18 for adjusting the voltage rise slope according to a curve 19, while another input 20 incorporates a potentiometer 21 of re setting of the descent slope of the high voltage according to a curve 22. A third input 23 maintains the maximum voltage at the output of the regula induction tor at the level indicated in 24.

Le Wehnelt 4 est lui-même branché à une alimentation 30, qui est commandée par un dispositif d'asservissement 31 comparant, d'une part via un circuit 32 à potentiomètre 33, une tension de référence correspondant à la valeur affichée du courant maximal de soudage 1 indiqué en 34, d'autre part une tension mesurée par le circuit 35 aboutissant à une borne de résistance 36, parcourue par le courant de soudage et dont l'autre borne est connectée à la masse 37.The Wehnelt 4 is itself connected to a power supply 30, which is controlled by a servo device 31 comparing, on the one hand via a circuit 32 with potentiometer 33, a reference voltage corresponding to the displayed value of the maximum current of welding 1 indicated in 34, on the other hand a voltage measured by the circuit 35 leading to a resistance terminal 36, traversed by the welding current and the other terminal of which is connected to ground 37.

L'ensembie 40 comprend un dispositif qui réalise la comparaison entre la valeur de la très haute tension affichée par le potentiomètre 57 et la valeur mesurée en permanence par le pont diviseur 58 et qui commande les déclencheurs 41 des thyristors.The assembly 40 comprises a device which performs the comparison between the value of the very high voltage displayed by the potentiometer 57 and the value measured continuously by the divider bridge 58 and which controls the triggers 41 of the thyristors.

Le fonctionnement de l'installation décrite est le suivant:

  • à partir d'une situation où la tension d'accélération et le courant de soudage sont nuls (on se référera également à la figure 2): ` .
  • a) dans un premier temps, la tension d'accélération U THT s'accroît progressivement depuis la valeur O comme indiqué en 19 jusqu'au 51 par rotation qui représente le niveau de la tension à la sortie des thyristors. Pendant cette phase de montée en tension, le courant de soudage débité par le canon part d'une valeur nulle pour augmenter progressivement comme indiqué par la courbe 55 jusqu'à un point 56, qui se situe à un temps t1 inférieur à un temps t2 correspondant au point 51 de la tension d'accélération UTII. Pendant le laps de temps 0-t1, la puissance du canon a été accrue linéairement avec une vive progression, tandis que dans le laps de temps t1-t2, cette même puissance a continué à progresser, mais à moins vive allure, puisque le courant de soudage 1 est maintenu à un niveau constant depuis le temps t1. Pendant toute cette période de temps tO à t1, le fonctionnement du canon est du type "diode". Cela se traduit sur le schéma de la figure 1 par le fait que le moteur 14 est mis en rotation sous l'effet du dispositif de commande 16 selon une pente d'accroissement de tension de la courbe 19 qui est fixée par le potentiomètre 18. Pendant toute la période 0-t1, le Wehnelt 4 est alimenté par l'alimentation de faéon' à être rigoureusement au même potentiel que la cathode 2.
    A partir du temps t1, le dispositif d'alimentation de Wehnelt 30 commence à polariser négativement le Wehnelt 4 sous l'action du dispositif d'asservissement 31 qui compare le courant mesuré via le circuit 35 avec la valeur affichée de ce courant selon la courbe 55 réglée par le potentiomètre 33 et dont la valeur est transmise par le circuit 32, cette valeur étant constante fixée au niveau 34 dès le point 56 (temps t1) et jusqu'au point t4. C'est un fonctionnement de type "triode".
  • b) à partir du temps t2, la valeur de la haute tension reste constante grâce à régulation par thyristors, tandis que le régulateur par induction continue sa course jusqu'à une position telle que sa tension de sortie 24 soit en fonction de la tension supérieure de 5 à 15% à la tension requise en sortie de la régulation par thyristors.
    Si pour diverses causes, comme par exemple de variations dimensionnelles d'origine thermique ou vieillissement de la cathode, le courant de soudage 1 a tendance à varier quelque peu par rapport à la valeur affichée, cette variation est compensée par une variation de potentiel du Wehnelt 4 assurée par la comparaison entre la valeur affichée par le circuit 32 et la valeur mesurée par le circuit 35. Mais de telles variations sont étroitement limitées et en tout cas ne dépassent jamais 15% des valeurs précédemment déterminées.
  • c) lorsque l'opération de soudage arrive à sa fin, fe circuit de descente se met en rotation et le moteur 14 se met à tourner dans le sens inverse pour réduire la tension à la sortie du régulateur 13 sous l'action de commande du dispositif 16, lui-même asservi au potentiomètre de descente 21.
The operation of the installation described is as follows:
  • from a situation where the acceleration voltage and the welding current are zero (we will also refer to Figure 2): `.
  • a) firstly, the acceleration voltage U THT increases progressively from the value O as indicated in 19 to 51 by rotation which represents the level of the voltage at the output of the thyristors. During this phase of voltage build-up, the welding current delivered by the gun starts from a zero value to gradually increase as indicated by the curve 55 to a point 56, which is located at a time t1 less than a time t2 corresponding to point 51 of the acceleration voltage U TII . During the lapse of time 0-t1, the power of the barrel was increased linearly with a sharp progression, while in the lapse of time t1-t2, this same power continued to progress, but at slower pace, since the current welding 1 is maintained at a constant level since time t1. Throughout this period of time t0 to t1, the operation of the gun is of the "diode" type. This is shown in the diagram of FIG. 1 by the fact that the motor 14 is rotated under the effect of the control device 16 according to a voltage increase slope of the curve 19 which is fixed by the potentiometer 18. Throughout the period 0-t1, the Wehnelt 4 is supplied by the faheon supply 'to be strictly at the same potential as the cathode 2.
    From time t1, the Wehnelt supply device 30 begins to negatively bias the Wehnelt 4 under the action of the servo device 31 which compares the current measured via the circuit 35 with the displayed value of this current according to the curve 55 set by potentiometer 33 and whose value is transmitted by circuit 32, this value being constant fixed at level 34 from point 56 (time t1) and up to point t4. It is a "triode" type of operation.
  • b) from time t2, the value of the high voltage remains constant thanks to regulation by thyristors, while the induction regulator continues its course to a position such that its output voltage 24 is a function of the higher voltage from 5 to 15% at the voltage required at the output of the regulation by thyristors.
    If, for various reasons, such as dimensional variations of thermal origin or aging of the cathode, the welding current 1 tends to vary somewhat compared to the displayed value, this variation is compensated by a variation in Wehnelt potential. 4 ensured by the comparison between the value displayed by the circuit 32 and the value measured by the circuit 35. But such variations are narrowly limited and in any case never exceed 15% of the values previously determined.
  • c) when the welding operation comes to an end, the lowering circuit starts to rotate and the motor 14 starts to rotate in the opposite direction to reduce the voltage at the output of the regulator 13 under the action of controlling the device 16, itself controlled by the descent potentiometer 21.

Pendant la première phase t3-t4, le courant de soudage est encore maintenu constant par une dépolarisation progressive du Wehnelt 4, et la chute de puissance suit une pente modérée, tandis que dans la phase suivante t4-t5, non seulement la tension d'accélération continue à chuter, mais également le courant de soudage commence également à se réduire. C'est en fait très exactement un déroulement inverse de celui qu'on a rencontré pendant le laps de temps 0-t2.During the first phase t3-t4, the welding current is still kept constant by a progressive depolarization of the Wehnelt 4, and the power drop follows a moderate slope, while in the next phase t4-t5, not only the voltage of acceleration continues to drop, but also the welding current also begins to decrease. It is in fact very exactly a reverse sequence from that which we encountered during the time 0-t2.

On rappelle que pendant le laps de temps 0-t1, et pendant le laps de temps t4-t5, la tension du Wehnelt est maintenue constante et égale à celle de la cathode 2 en sorte qu'on est en régime "diode".It is recalled that during the time lapse 0-t1, and during the lapse of time t4-t5, the voltage of the Wehnelt is kept constant and equal to that of the cathode 2 so that one is in "diode" mode.

Dans le laps de temps t2-t3, où la tension d'accélération est maintenue constante et où l'on règle en fonction du potentiel du Wehnelt, on se situe donc dans le fonctionnement en régime purement "triode".In the time t2-t3, where the acceleration voltage is kept constant and where one adjusts according to the potential of the Wehnelt, one thus finds oneself in the operation in mode purely "triode".

Dans les laps t1-t2 et t3-t4, on se situe également dans une phase de régime "triode" puisque le potentiel de Wehnelt est modifié par rapport au potentiel de la cathode, mais en outre, on superpose à ce régime, un régime du type "diode" par modification de la tension d'accélération.In the laps t1-t2 and t3-t4, there is also a phase of "triode" regime since the Wehnelt potential is modified relative to the potential of the cathode, but in addition, a regime is superimposed of the "diode" type by modification of the acceleration voltage.

Claims (3)

1. Method to regulate a welding generator by electron bundle having three electrodes: cathode (2), Wehnelt cylinder (4) and anode (5), whereby one acts on the acceleration tension between cathode (2) and anode (5) and/or on the polarization tension of the Wehnelt cylinder (4) to assure a welding operation comprising an initial phase with progressively ascending power, an operating phase with substantially horizontal power which is assured by maintaining substantially constant the acceleration tension by regulating the power in narrow limits by varying the welding current obtained exclusively by variation of the potential of Wehnelt cylinder (4), and a terminal phase of progressively descending power, characterized by the combination of the following measures:
a) the initial phase comprises a first phase of ascending power by simultaneous increase from zero values of the acceleration tension and of the welding current, by maintaining the Wehnelt cylinder (4) on a potential of the cathode (2), whereby this first phase is followed by a second phase in the cause of which the acceleration tension continues to increase progressively up to the horizontal tension, whereas the Wehnelt cylinder (4) is progressively negatively polarized with respect to the cathode (2) in order to maintain the welding current substantially constant.
b) the terminal phase of the progressively descending power comprises a first phase of descending power by progressive reduction of the acceleration tension and maintaining the current substantially constant by progressive reduction of the polarization of the Wehnelt cylinder (4) to the potential of the cathode (2), and a second phase of descending power obtained by reducing the acceleration tension to a zero value.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by that one assures the variations of the acceleration tension by an induction regulator (13) supplying a regulation by thyristors (12) and that one regulates the output tension of . said induction regulator (13) to a value 5 to 15% higher than the value of the tension requested at the output, of the regulation by thyristors.
3. Installation to regulate a welding generator by electron bundle to perform the method according to claim 2, comprising a supply with a tension rectifier bridge (10) associated upstream to an induction regulator (13), characterized by:
a) control means (14, 15, 16) of the induction regulator (13) controlled to a means (18) for tension increase according to a given regulable speed, control means and means (23; 40, 57, 58) for maximal tension regulation according to a given regulable value and a means (21) for decreasing the tension according to a given regulable speed controlling the induction regulator (13),
b) supplying means for the Wehnelt cylinder controlled to a controlling device comparing a maximal nominal value of the welding current with a measured value.
EP78400057A 1977-07-22 1978-07-11 Method and apparatus for controlling an electron beam welding generator Expired EP0000676B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7722599 1977-07-22
FR7722599A FR2398384A1 (en) 1977-07-22 1977-07-22 PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR REGULATING AN ELECTRON BEAM WELDING GENERATOR

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EP0000676A1 EP0000676A1 (en) 1979-02-07
EP0000676B1 true EP0000676B1 (en) 1981-01-07

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EP78400057A Expired EP0000676B1 (en) 1977-07-22 1978-07-11 Method and apparatus for controlling an electron beam welding generator

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US (1) US4236058A (en)
EP (1) EP0000676B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5423053A (en)
CA (1) CA1118055A (en)
DE (1) DE2860411D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2398384A1 (en)
IT (1) IT1097181B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2611983A1 (en) * 1987-04-29 1988-09-09 Vtu Angel Kantchev ELECTRICAL SUPPLY CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRON BEAM EVAPORATOR
DE10242538B4 (en) * 2002-09-12 2008-07-17 Von Ardenne Anlagentechnik Gmbh Method for controlling the electron beam power of electron sources
JP2008030803A (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-02-14 Key Tranding Co Ltd Container having cap

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760279A (en) * 1971-09-16 1973-09-18 United States Steel Corp Beam current limiting circuit
DE2153695C3 (en) * 1971-10-28 1974-05-22 Steigerwald Strahltechnik Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Method and device for regulating the beam current in technical charge carrier beam devices, especially electron beam material processing machines
US3838313A (en) * 1973-05-21 1974-09-24 United Aircraft Corp Beam current regulator for electron beam machines
FR2294793A1 (en) * 1974-12-20 1976-07-16 Inst Kerntechnik Energiewand BEAM CURRENT CONTROL IN AN ELECTRONIC HARNESS WELDING MACHINE
DE2514805C3 (en) * 1975-04-04 1978-05-18 Leybold-Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg, 5000 Koeln Arrangement for the power control of high-voltage electron beam generators

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DE2860411D1 (en) 1981-02-26
IT7825798A0 (en) 1978-07-17
IT1097181B (en) 1985-08-26
US4236058A (en) 1980-11-25
FR2398384B1 (en) 1980-02-01
CA1118055A (en) 1982-02-09
EP0000676A1 (en) 1979-02-07
FR2398384A1 (en) 1979-02-16
JPS5423053A (en) 1979-02-21

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