EA201390131A1 - Электрическая проводка для бурильной трубы, обсадной колонны и насосно-компрессорной трубы - Google Patents

Электрическая проводка для бурильной трубы, обсадной колонны и насосно-компрессорной трубы

Info

Publication number
EA201390131A1
EA201390131A1 EA201390131A EA201390131A EA201390131A1 EA 201390131 A1 EA201390131 A1 EA 201390131A1 EA 201390131 A EA201390131 A EA 201390131A EA 201390131 A EA201390131 A EA 201390131A EA 201390131 A1 EA201390131 A1 EA 201390131A1
Authority
EA
Eurasian Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
lock
casing
pump
electrical wiring
Prior art date
Application number
EA201390131A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
EA028999B1 (ru
Inventor
Уилльям Джеймс Хьюз
Брайан Лэйн
Гари Маршалл Бриггс
Original Assignee
САНСТОУН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by САНСТОУН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи. filed Critical САНСТОУН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи.
Publication of EA201390131A1 publication Critical patent/EA201390131A1/ru
Publication of EA028999B1 publication Critical patent/EA028999B1/ru

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/50—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a cam, wedge, cone or ball also combined with a screw
    • H01R4/5083—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a cam, wedge, cone or ball also combined with a screw using a wedge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/005—Electrical coupling combined with fluidic coupling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/028—Electrical or electro-magnetic connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/046—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like with ribs, pins, or jaws, and complementary grooves or the like, e.g. bayonet catches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E21B17/206—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables with conductors, e.g. electrical, optical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L25/00—Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups F16L13/00 - F16L23/00 ; Details of pipe joints not otherwise provided for, e.g. electrically conducting or insulating means
    • F16L25/01—Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups F16L13/00 - F16L23/00 ; Details of pipe joints not otherwise provided for, e.g. electrically conducting or insulating means specially adapted for realising electrical conduction between the two pipe ends of the joint or between parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/533—Bases, cases made for use in extreme conditions, e.g. high temperature, radiation, vibration, corrosive environment, pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/622—Screw-ring or screw-casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/64—Means for preventing incorrect coupling

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Measuring Leads Or Probes (AREA)

Abstract

Устройство содержит первый трубный конец с резьбой и второй трубный конец с резьбой. Первый трубный конец имеет первую деталь замка. Первая деталь замка имеет первые отверстия, проходящие отрезок длины первой детали замка и заканчивающиеся на первой грани предварительного нагружения. Второй трубный конец имеет вторую деталь замка. Вторая деталь замка имеет вторые отверстия, проходящие отрезок длины первой детали замка и заканчивающиеся на второй грани предварительного нагружения. Вторая деталь замка выполнена с возможностью размещения первой детали замка и первые отверстия стыкуются со вторыми отверстиями при соединении первого трубного конца и второго трубного конца.
EA201390131A 2010-07-16 2011-07-07 Электрическая проводка для бурильной трубы, обсадной колонны и насосно-компрессорной трубы EA028999B1 (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36512010P 2010-07-16 2010-07-16
PCT/IB2011/053036 WO2012007884A2 (en) 2010-07-16 2011-07-07 Electrical wiring for drill pipe, casing, and tubing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EA201390131A1 true EA201390131A1 (ru) 2013-11-29
EA028999B1 EA028999B1 (ru) 2018-01-31

Family

ID=45465988

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EA201390131A EA028999B1 (ru) 2010-07-16 2011-07-07 Электрическая проводка для бурильной трубы, обсадной колонны и насосно-компрессорной трубы

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US8739861B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP2593633B1 (ru)
CN (2) CN103003517B (ru)
AR (1) AR082170A1 (ru)
AU (1) AU2011277987B2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2804367C (ru)
EA (1) EA028999B1 (ru)
MX (1) MX2013000387A (ru)
MY (1) MY167179A (ru)
NZ (1) NZ605385A (ru)
WO (1) WO2012007884A2 (ru)

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT508272B1 (de) * 2009-06-08 2011-01-15 Advanced Drilling Solutions Gmbh Vorrichtung zum verbinden von elektrischen leitungen
US20150176341A1 (en) 2010-01-28 2015-06-25 Sunstone Technologies, Llc Tapered Spline Connection for Drill Pipe, Casing, and Tubing
US20110180273A1 (en) 2010-01-28 2011-07-28 Sunstone Technologies, Llc Tapered Spline Connection for Drill Pipe, Casing, and Tubing
US9328760B2 (en) * 2012-06-20 2016-05-03 Earth Tool Company Llc Quick connect rods
DE102013207206A1 (de) * 2013-04-22 2014-10-23 Voith Patent Gmbh Rohrelement mit Composite-Rohr und Metallverbinder
CN105143593B (zh) * 2013-04-22 2018-04-06 福伊特专利有限公司 具有连接器的金属管
CN103343668A (zh) * 2013-07-22 2013-10-09 中国石油大学(华东) 有线电缆传输钻杆接头
US10634473B2 (en) * 2014-01-29 2020-04-28 Raytheon Company Internally coupleable joint
US20160138613A1 (en) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Threaded Connection with Engaging Lugs for Electrical Submersible Pump
GB2591879B (en) * 2015-04-16 2021-12-15 Jan Wajnikonis Krzysztof Mechanical connector utilizing keys
GB2557105A (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-06-13 Halliburton Energy Services Inc High-tensile, thin-wall differential threaded coupling
US10185633B2 (en) * 2015-12-15 2019-01-22 Intel Corporation Processor state integrity protection using hash verification
CN105401890B (zh) * 2016-01-11 2017-02-08 叶顶胜 全密封智能过线钻杆接头
CN107355211A (zh) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-17 中国海洋石油总公司 一种爬行器用多路油电连接器
US10598015B2 (en) * 2017-10-26 2020-03-24 United Technologies Corporation Anti-rotation assembly
US10693251B2 (en) * 2017-11-15 2020-06-23 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Annular wet connector
US10695987B2 (en) * 2018-05-30 2020-06-30 Intrinsic Energy Technology, LLC Lobular connection for tubulars
US10454267B1 (en) 2018-06-01 2019-10-22 Franklin Electric Co., Inc. Motor protection device and method for protecting a motor
US11811273B2 (en) 2018-06-01 2023-11-07 Franklin Electric Co., Inc. Motor protection device and method for protecting a motor
CN108894734A (zh) * 2018-06-21 2018-11-27 招商局重工（江苏）有限公司 一种电伴热带置于油层立管外的可燃冰原气油层立管装置
CN110030437B (zh) * 2019-04-19 2021-03-02 宁波冶金勘察设计研究股份有限公司 埋地管道
CN110593776A (zh) * 2019-10-14 2019-12-20 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种防退扣的钻杆
US11073016B2 (en) 2019-12-02 2021-07-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. LWD formation tester with retractable latch for wireline
US11073012B2 (en) 2019-12-02 2021-07-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. LWD formation tester with retractable latch for wireline
NO20220129A1 (en) * 2019-12-02 2022-01-24 Halliburton Energy Services Inc LWD Formation Tester with Retractable Latch for Wireline
AT525234A1 (de) * 2021-06-25 2023-01-15 Think And Vision Gmbh Einbausatz, Gestängerohr, Bohrstrang und Verfahren zum Herstellen oder Nacharbeiten eines Gestängerohres eines Bohrstranges

Family Cites Families (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1547759A (en) 1921-05-28 1925-07-28 William O Journeay Tool joint
US1781091A (en) 1924-07-19 1930-11-11 Nat Supply Co Pipe joint
US2000716A (en) 1934-04-07 1935-05-07 Geophysical Service Inc Insulated electrical connection
US2089168A (en) 1934-10-12 1937-08-03 Perry W Brown Spline connection
US2296198A (en) 1938-09-22 1942-09-15 Boynton Alexander Threadless drill stem
US2314897A (en) 1941-04-23 1943-03-30 Patent Button Co Fluted shank fastener
US2750569A (en) 1952-01-08 1956-06-12 Signal Oil & Gas Co Irreversible tool joint and electrical coupling for use in wells
US3249377A (en) 1963-12-06 1966-05-03 Anthony V Weasler Shaft coupling with dense spline ends
US3463228A (en) 1967-12-29 1969-08-26 Halliburton Co Torque resistant coupling for well tool
DE2210980C2 (de) 1972-03-07 1974-03-28 Stahl- Und Apparatebau Hans Leffer Gmbh, 6602 Dudweiler Lösbare Rohrverbindung, insbesondere Bohrrohrverbindung
US4099745A (en) 1977-04-04 1978-07-11 Cobbs James H Drill pipe joint
US4375310A (en) * 1981-04-03 1983-03-01 Exxon Production Research Co. Self-locking cable connector
US4683944A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-08-04 Innotech Energy Corporation Drill pipes and casings utilizing multi-conduit tubulars
US4792320A (en) 1985-09-18 1988-12-20 A. O. Smith Corporation Composite tubular structure
CN1010422B (zh) * 1987-08-03 1990-11-14 潘盖伊公司 采用多导管管材的钻杆和套管
DE3825993C1 (ru) 1988-07-28 1989-12-21 Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
US4862976A (en) 1988-11-22 1989-09-05 Sandvik Rock Tools, Inc. Spline drive for percussion drilling tool
CA2016566C (en) 1989-06-30 1995-03-28 George D. Lemons Pipe connector with threaded seal in nonthreaded cavity
US5238073A (en) 1991-04-04 1993-08-24 Rear Ian G Uphole hammer
US5269572A (en) 1992-08-28 1993-12-14 Gold Star Manufacturing, Inc. Apparatus and method for coupling elongated members
US5474334A (en) 1994-08-02 1995-12-12 Halliburton Company Coupling assembly
CA2163282C (en) 1994-11-22 2002-08-13 Miyuki Yamamoto Threaded joint for oil well pipes
US5609440A (en) 1995-06-16 1997-03-11 Hydril Company Apparatus and method for arresting the propagation of a buckle in a pipeline
US5685381A (en) 1995-07-21 1997-11-11 Kennametal South Africa (Proprietary) Limited Drill rod and drill bit with rocking connection
US5950744A (en) 1997-10-14 1999-09-14 Hughes; W. James Method and apparatus for aligning drill pipe and tubing
US6296066B1 (en) 1997-10-27 2001-10-02 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Well system
US6123561A (en) 1998-07-14 2000-09-26 Aps Technology, Inc. Electrical coupling for a multisection conduit such as a drill pipe
US6148935A (en) 1998-08-24 2000-11-21 Earth Tool Company, L.L.C. Joint for use in a directional boring apparatus
WO2000066928A1 (en) 1999-04-30 2000-11-09 Grant Prideco, Inc. Threaded connection with high compressive rating
CA2329454C (en) 1999-12-29 2007-11-06 Ryan Energy Technologies Inc. Improvements in subassembly electrical isolation connector for drill rod
EP1303720A4 (en) * 2000-03-24 2005-06-15 Halliburton Energy Serv Inc WRAPPED PIPE CONNECTOR
US6547479B2 (en) 2001-02-14 2003-04-15 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Spline, an assembly utilizing the spline, and a method for transferring energy
US6484801B2 (en) 2001-03-16 2002-11-26 Baker Hughes Incorporated Flexible joint for well logging instruments
US6543554B2 (en) 2001-05-21 2003-04-08 Continental Directional Corp. Adjustable housing for a mud motor
US6634427B1 (en) * 2002-03-11 2003-10-21 Aps Technology, Inc. Drill string section with internal passage
US6666274B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2003-12-23 Sunstone Corporation Tubing containing electrical wiring insert
AU2003903831A0 (en) 2003-07-24 2003-08-07 Sparr Drilling Equipment Pty Ltd Downhole hammer drill
US7390032B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2008-06-24 Sonstone Corporation Tubing joint of multiple orientations containing electrical wiring
US7226090B2 (en) * 2003-08-01 2007-06-05 Sunstone Corporation Rod and tubing joint of multiple orientations containing electrical wiring
NO20034158L (no) 2003-09-18 2005-03-21 Hydralift Asa Laseanordning av sammenskrudd rorforbindelse
US7104345B2 (en) 2004-06-22 2006-09-12 Pathfinder Energy Services, Inc. Downhole rotatable-shaft connector assembly and method
JP2007205361A (ja) 2004-08-27 2007-08-16 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 鋼管用ねじ継手
CA2560124C (en) 2005-09-20 2012-03-20 Schlumberger Canada Limited Apparatus and method to connect two parts without rotation
CN100350127C (zh) * 2005-11-26 2007-11-21 太原理工大学 可传输电信号的对接式钻杆
US7777644B2 (en) * 2005-12-12 2010-08-17 InatelliServ, LLC Method and conduit for transmitting signals
MX2008012234A (es) 2006-03-31 2008-11-25 Sumitomo Metal Ind Junta roscada tubular.
ATE403796T1 (de) 2006-04-26 2008-08-15 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Rohrkupplung für rohrelemente
US7762824B2 (en) 2007-03-08 2010-07-27 National Coupling Company, Inc. Hydraulic coupling member with electrical bonding contractor
US7497254B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2009-03-03 Hall David R Pocket for a downhole tool string component
US7669671B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2010-03-02 Hall David R Segmented sleeve on a downhole tool string component
CN201144695Y (zh) * 2007-10-12 2008-11-05 中国石化集团胜利石油管理局钻井工艺研究院 一种新型信号传输钻柱
US8474527B2 (en) 2008-05-29 2013-07-02 Dreco Energy Services Ltd. Mechanism for providing controllable angular orientation while transmitting torsional load
US8225865B2 (en) * 2008-11-11 2012-07-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated System and method for aligning a component of a borehole assembly
US20110180273A1 (en) * 2010-01-28 2011-07-28 Sunstone Technologies, Llc Tapered Spline Connection for Drill Pipe, Casing, and Tubing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2804367A1 (en) 2012-01-19
CN103003517B (zh) 2017-04-26
CN103003517A (zh) 2013-03-27
EP2593633B1 (en) 2018-02-14
WO2012007884A4 (en) 2012-06-28
WO2012007884A3 (en) 2012-04-26
CA2804367C (en) 2018-12-04
WO2012007884A2 (en) 2012-01-19
EP2593633A4 (en) 2016-06-01
NZ605385A (en) 2014-08-29
AU2011277987B2 (en) 2015-10-22
AU2011277987A1 (en) 2013-01-24
EA028999B1 (ru) 2018-01-31
CN107317125A (zh) 2017-11-03
AR082170A1 (es) 2012-11-14
US20120012301A1 (en) 2012-01-19
MY167179A (en) 2018-08-13
MX2013000387A (es) 2013-03-22
US8739861B2 (en) 2014-06-03
EP2593633A2 (en) 2013-05-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EA201390131A1 (ru) Электрическая проводка для бурильной трубы, обсадной колонны и насосно-компрессорной трубы
IN2014DN09604A (ru)
MY158924A (en) Packer
BRPI1010580A2 (pt) conjunto para produzir uma conexão roscada para perfuração e exploração de poços de hidrocarbonetos, e a resultante conexão roscada.
EA201390899A1 (ru) Переходное звено для соединения эксцентричных путей потока с концентричными путями потока
CL2015003324A1 (es) Procedimiento para desconectar una sarta de perforacion en una plataforma de perforacion que comprende monitorear una posicion axial relativa de la corredera en la estructura usando, por lo menos, un sensor para determinar un desacoplamiento de la conexion roscada y un desacoplamiento de la barra de la sarta de perforacion.
GB2534706A (en) Multilateral junction system and method thereof
EA201590156A1 (ru) Устройство для крепления оправки к трубчатому элементу
DK2994604T3 (da) Wellbore drilling using dual drill string
CL2016000522A1 (es) Sarta de perforación con acoplamiento resistente a la flexión
BR112013002939A2 (pt) aparelhos e métodos para comunicação em tempo real entre broca de perfuração e montegem de perfuração
EA201290896A1 (ru) Узел уплотнения и способ изготовления узла уплотнения
MX368871B (es) Componente de sarta de perforación.
MY166748A (en) Drill pipe
EA201590749A1 (ru) Элемент крепления трубы
EA201300254A1 (ru) Центратор
GB2534815A (en) Riser with slim pin auxiliary line
WO2013065013A3 (en) Drilling arrangement
AU2013225601A8 (en) Drill pipe
BRPI1012970A2 (pt) dispositivo para detectar o comprimento de uma coluna de perfuracao
WO2012174310A3 (en) Distributed clamps for a downhole seismic source
GB2497695A (en) Apparatus and method for drilling wellbores
PL122089U1 (pl) Sanki składane
CL2013001583A1 (es) Un conjunto de conductos para uso en un sistema de perforacion, comprende: una seccion superior que incluye un primer sello que incluye un orificio dimensionado y configurado para recibir y formar un sello con una sarta de perforacion interna, una seccion intermedia que incluye una salida para un medio de lavado y una primera seccion inferior dimensionada y configurada para conectarse y desconectarse de la seccion intermedia.
ATE511367T1 (de) Pendel-vorrichtung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s)

Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KZ KG MD TJ TM RU