EA045989B1 - COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING HERBICIDES BASED ON PYRIDINE CARBOXYLATE WITH HERBICIDES REPRESENTING PHOTOSYSTEM II INHIBITORS AND OPTIONALLY HPPD - Google Patents

Description

Technical field of the invention

The present invention includes compositions containing (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof, (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, or an ester; and (c) optionally a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The present invention also includes methods for controlling unwanted vegetation using them.

State of the art

Many recurring problems in agriculture involve controlling the growth of undesirable vegetation, which may, for example, negatively affect the growth of desirable vegetation. To help control unwanted growth, researchers have come up with a variety of chemicals and chemical formulations that are effective in controlling such unwanted growth. However, there is a need for new herbicidal compositions and methods for inhibiting the growth of unwanted vegetation in target crops.

Brief description of the invention

Disclosed herein are compositions that can be used as herbicides, for example, on agricultural crops. The compositions may contain: (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, and (c) optionally an inhibitor 4 -hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The weight ratio of (a) and (b) may be from 1:300 or more to 15:1 or less (for example, from 1:200 or more to 5:1 or less), and the weight ratio of (a) and (c) may be be from 1:50 or more to 15:1 or less (for example, from 1:30 or more to 10:1 or less).

In some aspects, the composition contains:

(a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide defined by formula (I)

Where

R ¹ represents cyanomethyl or propargyl;

R ² and R ² represent hydrogen;

R ³ , R ³ , R ³ and R ³ represent hydrogen;

or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, and (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the pyridine carboxylate herbicide (in g eq. to ./ha) and (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide (in g a.i./ha) is from 1:300 or more to 15:1 or less.

In some aspects, the composition contains:

(a) cyanomethyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridin-2-carboxylate, a pyridine carboxylate herbicidal compound, hereinafter referred to as compound A

or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

In some aspects, the composition contains:

(a) propargyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, a pyridine carboxylate herbicidal compound, hereinafter referred to as compound IN:

- 1 045989

Compound B, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

In some aspects, the composition contains:

(a) cyanomethyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-III-indol-6-yl)pyridin-2-carboxylate, a pyridine carboxylate herbicidal compound, hereinafter referred to as compound A nh ₂ ^f Jv ^ci o

PG ^Ί LA o Mn compound A, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof;

(b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

In some aspects, the composition contains:

(a) propargyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, a pyridine carboxylate herbicidal compound hereinafter referred to as connection B:

eun ₂

A'*.......

MYN compound B, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof;

(b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

In some aspects, the PS II(b) inhibitor may include a phenylcarbamate herbicide. Exemplary phenylcarbamate herbicides include desmedipham, phenmedipham, or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, (b) may include a pyridazinone herbicide. Exemplary pyridazinone herbicides include chloridazone or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, (b) may include a triazolinone herbicide. Exemplary triazolinone herbicides include amicarbazone or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, (b) may include a triazine herbicide. Exemplary triazine herbicides include atrazine, cyanazine, metribuzin, or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, (b) may include a urea herbicide. Exemplary urea herbicides include dimefuron, isoproturon, neburon, or agriculturally acceptable salts or esters thereof, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, (b) may include a uracil-based herbicide. Exemplary uracil-based herbicides include bromacil, lenacil, terbacil, or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, (b) may provide an amide-based herbicide. Exemplary amide herbicides include pentanochlor, propanil, or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, (b) may include a phenylpyridazine herbicide. Exemplary phenylpyridazine herbicides include pyridate, pyridafol, or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, (b) may include a nitrile-based herbicide. Exemplary nitrile herbicides include bromoxynil, ioxynil, or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, or combinations thereof.

In some aspects, the PS II(b) inhibitor may include ametrine, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazone, bromacil, bromofenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazone, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cyanazine, desmedipham, desmethrin, dimefuron, dimethamethrin, diuron, ethidimuron , etiosin, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, iodobonil, ioxynil, isocyl, isomethiosine, isoproturon, isouron, carbutylate, lenacyl, linuron, metamitron, metabenzthiazuron, metoprothrin, methobromuron, methoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, neburon, pentanochlor, phenmedi fam, prometone, prometrin , propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, symetrine, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumetone, terbutylazine, terbutryn, triethazine or combinations thereof.

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor (c) may include benzobicyclone, benzophenap, bicyclopyrone, fenquinotrione, isoxachlortol, isoxaflutole, lancotrione, mesotrione, pyrasulfotol, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxifene, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate, topramesone, or combinations thereof.

In some aspects, the composition contains a mixture of a pyridine carboxylate herbicide (a) and a PDS inhibitor (b). In some aspects, the composition contains a mixture of pyridine carboxylate herbicides (a) and one or more PDS inhibitors (b). In some aspects, the composition contains a mixture of one or more pyridine carboxylate herbicides (a) and one or more PDS inhibitors (b). In some aspects, the composition contains a mixture of a pyridine carboxylate herbicide (a), one or more PDS inhibitors (b), and an HPPD inhibitor (c). In some aspects, the composition contains a mixture of a pyridine carboxylate herbicide (a), one or more PDS inhibitors (b), and one or more HPPD inhibitors (c). In some aspects, the composition contains a mixture of one or more pyridine carboxylate herbicides (a), one or more PDS inhibitors (b), and one or more HPPD inhibitors (c). In some aspects, (b) is a mixture of diflufenican and flurtamone. In some aspects, (c) is flufenacet.

In some aspects, the composition may further comprise an agriculturally acceptable excipient or carrier, a herbicidal antidote, an additional pesticide, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the only active ingredients in the composition are (a) and (b). In some aspects, the composition may be provided as a herbicidal concentrate.

Also disclosed herein are methods for controlling unwanted vegetation, including applying to vegetation, to an area adjacent to vegetation, or to soil or water to inhibit the emergence or growth of vegetation, a composition containing: (a) a herbicide pyridine carboxylate based or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof; (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) optionally a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. In some aspects, (a), (b), and optionally (c) are used simultaneously. In some aspects, (a), (b), and optionally (c) are applied sequentially. In some aspects, (a), (b), and optionally (c) are applied before the emergence of unwanted vegetation. In some aspects, (a), (b), and optionally (c) are applied after the emergence of unwanted vegetation. In some aspects, the unwanted vegetation is found in cereal crops. In some aspects, the unwanted vegetation is found in maize, wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, millet, or oat species. In some aspects, unwanted vegetation is found in broadleaf crops. In some aspects, the unwanted vegetation is found in canola, flax, sunflower, soybean or cotton.

In some aspects, the pyridine carboxylate(a) herbicide can be applied in an amount from 0.1 grams acid equivalent per hectare (g eq/ha) to 300 g eq. k./ha (for example, from 30 g eq. k./ha to 40 g eq. k./ha). In some aspects, the PDS(b) inhibitor may be used in an amount of 5 g a. i./ha up to 18000 g a. i./ha (for example, from 100 g a.i./ha to 4500 g a.i./ha). In some cases, (a) and (b) may be used in a weight ratio of 1:300 or more to 15:1 or less (eg, 1:200 or more to 5:1 or less). In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor (c) may be used in an amount of from 0 g a. i./ha up to 4500 g a. i./ha (for example, from 50 g a.i./ha to 1000 g a.i./ha). In some aspects, (a) and (c) may be used in a weight ratio of 1:50 or more to 15:1 or less (e.g., 1:30 or more to 10:1 or less.

The description below sets forth details of one or more aspects of the present invention. Other properties, purposes and advantages will be apparent from the present description and claims.

Detailed description

The present invention includes compositions containing: (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) optionally a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The present invention also includes methods for controlling unwanted vegetation. In some aspects, unwanted vegetation is found in cereal crops. In some aspects, the unwanted vegetation is found in maize, wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, millet, or oat species. In some aspects, unwanted vegetation is found in broadleaf crops. In some aspects, the unwanted vegetation is found in canola, flax, sunflower, soybean or cotton.

I. Definitions

Terms used herein will have their commonly accepted meaning in the art unless otherwise noted. Singular forms include plural references unless otherwise noted. Where the term or is used (for example, A or B), it is intended to mean A or B, or both. If this disclosure is intended to refer only to A or B, but not both, then the term only A or B, but not both, will be used. Therefore, the use of the term or in this document is an inclusive and not an exclusive use.

Chemical moieties mentioned in the definition of variable positions within the general formula described herein (eg, the term alkyl) are collective terms for the individual substituents covered by the chemical moiety. The prefix Cn-Cm preceding a group or fragment indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group or fragment that follow it.

As used herein, the terms herbicide and herbicidal active ingredient can be understood to include an active ingredient that kills, controls or otherwise adversely modifies the growth of vegetation, particularly unwanted vegetation such as weed species, when applied in an appropriate amount. As used herein, the term warn or similar terms, such as warning, may be understood by one of ordinary skill to include any combination that exhibits a herbicidal effect or reduces the competitiveness of a weed relative to a crop.

As used herein, the term herbicidal effect can be understood to include the adverse modifying effect of the active ingredient on vegetation, including, for example, deviation from natural growth or development, killing, controlling, dehydration, growth inhibition, growth reduction and growth retardation. The term herbicidal activity generally refers to the herbicidal effects of the active ingredient. As used herein, the term warn or similar terms, such as warning, may be understood by one of ordinary skill to include any combination that exhibits a herbicidal effect or reduces the competitiveness of a weed relative to a crop.

As used herein, the term application of a herbicide or herbicidal composition means delivering it directly to the target vegetation, or where it grows, or to an area where control of unwanted vegetation is necessary. Methods of application include, but are not limited to, pre-emergence contacting soil or water, post-emergence contacting unwanted vegetation, or contacting an area adjacent to unwanted vegetation.

As used herein, the term vegetation may include, for example, dormant seeds, sprouted seeds, emerging seedlings, plants developing from vegetative cuttings, immature vegetation, and established vegetation.

As used herein, the term crop refers to target vegetation, such as plants grown for food, shelter, pasture, erosion control, etc. Examples of crops include cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruiting plants and logs, types of cultivated grapes, etc. Preferably, the herbicides or herbicidal compositions have no or minimal herbicidal effect on crops.

As used herein, the term undesirable vegetation refers to vegetation that is undesirable in a specified area, such as weed species. Herbicides or herbicidal compositions are used to control unwanted vegetation. Preferably, the herbicides or herbicidal compositions have a significant or pronounced herbicidal effect against unwanted vegetation.

As used herein, the term active ingredient or a. And. can be understood to include a chemical compound or composition that has an effect on vegetation, for example, a herbicidal effect or a vegetation preservative effect.

As used herein, the term acid equivalent or eq. can be understood to include the amount of the acid form of the active ingredient, which is calculated on the basis of the amount of the salt or ester form of the active ingredient. For example, if the acid form of active ingredient Z has a molecular weight of 100 Da and the salt form of Z has a molecular weight of 130 Da, use 130 g a. i./ha of salt Z will be equal to the use of 100 g eq. k./ha ki- 4 045989 slot form Z: 130 g a. i./ha salt Z * (100 Da acid Z/130 Da salt Z) represents 100 g eq.

K./ha acid Z.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term acyl as used herein may be intended to include a group of the formula -C(O)R, where C(O) is a short form for C=O. In the acyl group, R may be alkyl (eg C1- _C6 alkyl), haloalkyl (eg C1- _C6 haloalkyl), alkenyl (eg C2- _C6 alkenyl), haloalkenyl (eg _C2 - _C6 haloalkenyl ), alkynyl (eg C2-C ₆ alkynyl), aryl or heteroaryl, or arylalkyl (eg C7C ₁₀ arylalkyl).

As used herein, the term alkyl can be intended to include straight-chain, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon moieties. Unless otherwise indicated, C1- _C20 alkyl groups are meant (eg C1- _C12 , C1- _C10 , C1-C8, C1- _C6 or C1- _C4 ). Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl-1-methylethyl, butyl, cyclobutyl, 1methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, cyclopentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3methylbutyl, 2,2- dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2dimethylbutyl, 1,3- dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1- methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl. Alkyl substituents may also be substituted by one or more chemical moieties. Examples of suitable substituents include, for example, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, formyl, C1- _C6 alkoxy, C1- _C6 haloalkoxy, C1- _C6 acyl, C1- _C6 alkylthio, C1- _C6 haloalkylthio, C1- _C6 alkylsulfinyl , C1-C ₆ haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C ₆ alkylsulfonyl, ^-C3haloalkylsulfonyl, ^-Clkoxycarbonyl, ^-C3haloalkoxycarbonyl, ^-Cjarbamoyl, C-Slalogencarbamoyl. hydroxycarbonyl, ^-Calkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C ₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, ^-Calkylaminocarbonyl, haloalkylaminocarbonyl, ^-Calkylaminocarbonyl and C ₁ -C ₆ dihaloalkylaminocarbonyl, provided that the substituents are sterically compatible and the rules of chemical bonding and strain energy are satisfied. Preferred substituents include cyano and C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy.

As used herein, the term haloalkyl may be intended to include alkyl groups in which the hydrogen atoms may be partially or completely replaced by halogen atoms. Unless otherwise indicated, C1- _C20 alkyl groups are meant (eg C1- _C12 , C1- _C10 , C1-C8, _C1 - _C6 or _C1 - _C4 ). Examples include chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl and 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-2-yl. Haloalkyl substituents may also be substituted by one or more chemical moieties. Examples of suitable substituents include, for example, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, formyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C1-C6 acyl, C1-C6 alkylthio, C1-C6 haloalkylthio, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylsulfinyl, C _{1 -C 6} haloalkylsulfinyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylsulfonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkylsulfonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkoxycarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ carbamoyl, C ₁ -C ₆ halocarbamoyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylcarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ haloalkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylaminocarbonyl, haloalkylaminocarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylaminocarbonyl and C ₁ -C ₆ dihaloalkylaminocarbonyl, provided that the substituents are sterically compatible and the rules of chemical bonding and strain energy are satisfied. Preferred substituents include cyano and C1-C6 alkoxy.

As used herein, the term alkoxy may include a group of the formula RO-, wherein R is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl as defined above. Unless otherwise indicated, alkoxy groups are meant where R is a C-C alkyl group (eg C1- _C12 , C1- _C10 , C1-C8, C1-C6 or C1-C4). Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, 1,1-dimethylethoxy, pentoxy, 1methylbutyloxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexoxy, 1,1dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 4methylpentoxy, 1,1-dimethylbutoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylbutoxy, 2,3dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy.

As used herein, the term alkoxycarbonyl may be intended to include a group of the formula -C(O)OR, wherein R is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl as defined above. Unless otherwise specified, alkoxycarbonyl groups are meant, where R is a C1- _C20 alkoxycarbonyl group (eg C1- _C12 , C1-C10, C1-C8, C1-C6 or C1-C4). Examples include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, 1-methylethoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, 1-methylpropoxycarbonyl, 2-methylpropoxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl, pentoxycarbonyl, 1-methylbutoxycarbonyl, 2-methylbutoxycarbonyl, 3-methylbutoxycarbonyl, 2,2-dimethylpropo oxycarbonyl, 1- ethylpropoxycarbonyl, hexoxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropoxycarbonyl, 1,2- 5 045989 dimethylpropoxycarbonyl, 1-methylpentoxycarbonyl, 2-methylpentoxycarbonyl, 3-methylpentoxycarbonyl, 4-methylpentoxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethylbutoxycarbonyl, 1,2-dimethylbutoxycarbonyl ,

1,3-dimethylbutoxycarbonyl, 2,2-dimethylbutoxycarbonyl, 2,3-dimethylbutoxycarbonyl, 3,3-dimethylbutoxycarbonyl, 1-ethylbutoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylbutoxycarbonyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxycarbonyl,

1,2,2-trimethylpropoxycarbonyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxycarbonyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxycarbonyl.

As used herein, the term haloalkoxy may be intended to include a group of the formula RO-, wherein R is an unsubstituted or substituted haloalkyl as defined above. Unless otherwise indicated, haloalkoxy groups are meant wherein R is a C1- _C20 alkyl group (eg _C1 - _C12 , C1-C10, _C1 - _C8 , C1-C6 or C1-C4). Examples include chloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 1-chloroethoxy, 1-bromoethoxy, 1-fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-2- oxy.

As used herein, the term aryl, as well as derivative terms such as aryloxy, can be understood to include groups that include a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic group of 6-14 carbon atoms. Aryl groups may include a single ring or multiple fused rings. In some aspects, aryl groups include C ₆ -C ₁₀ aryl groups. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, phenylcyclopropyl and indanyl. In some aspects, the aryl group may be a phenyl, indanyl, or naphthyl group.

As used herein, the term heteroaryl, as well as derivative terms such as heteroaryloxy, may imply the inclusion of a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring containing one or more heteroatoms, such as N, O, or S. Heteroaryl rings may be fused to other aromatic systems . Aryl or heteroaryl substituents may also be substituted by one or more chemical moieties. Examples of suitable substituents include, for example, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, formyl, C1- _C6 alkyl, _C2 - _C6 alkenyl, _C2C6 alkynyl, _C1 - _C6 alkoxy, _{C1 -C6 haloalkyl} , _C1 -C ₆ haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ acyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylthio, C1-C ₆ alkylsulfinyl, C1-C ₆ alkylsulfonyl, C1-C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C ₆ carbamoyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylaminocarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ dialkylaminocarbonyl, provided that the substituents are sterically compatible and the rules of chemical bonding and strain energy are satisfied. Preferred substituents include halogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl and C ₁ C 4 haloalkyl.

As used herein, the term halogen, including derivative terms such as halogen, means fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

As used herein, agriculturally acceptable salts and esters may be meant to include salts and esters that exhibit herbicidal activity or that are or can be converted in plants, water or soil into the herbicide mentioned. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable esters are those that are or can be hydrolyzed, oxidized, metabolized, or otherwise converted, for example, in plants, water, or soil, to the corresponding carboxylic acid, which depending on pH may be in dissociated or undissociated form.

The compounds described herein may include N-oxides. Pyridine N-oxides can be prepared by oxidation of the corresponding pyridines. Suitable oxidation methods are described, for example, in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods in organic chemistry], expanded and subsequent volumes to the 4th edition, volume E 7b, page 565 f.

II. Herbicides based on pyridine carboxylate

The compositions and methods of the present invention include a composition containing (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide defined by formula (I)

NHR ²

formula I, where

R ¹ represents cyanomethyl or propargyl;

R ² and R ² independently represent hydrogen, C 1 -C ₆ alkyl, formyl, alkoxycarbonyl or acyl;

R ³ , R ³ , R ³ and R ³ are independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C ₄ alkyl, C 1 -C ₄ haloalkyl, C 1 -C ₃ alkoxy or C ₁ -C ₃ haloalkoxy;

- 6 045989 or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof and (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

In some aspects, the composition contains:

(a) cyanomethyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridin-2-carboxylate, a pyridine carboxylate herbicidal compound hereinafter referred to as compound A

or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof; and (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

In some aspects, the composition contains:

(a) propargyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1 H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, a pyridine carboxylate herbicidal compound hereinafter referred to as compound B

or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof; and (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

In some aspects, the compositions and methods of the present invention include a composition comprising:

(a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide defined by formula (I)

Where

R ¹ represents cyanomethyl or propargyl;

R ² and R ² independently represent hydrogen, ^-^ alkyl, formyl, alkoxycarbonyl or acyl;

R ³ , R ³ , R ³ and R ³ are independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C ₄ alkyl, ^-C^haloalkyl, CrC^alkoxy or ^-^haloalkoxy;

or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof;

(b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

In some aspects, the compositions and methods of the present invention include a composition comprising:

(a) herbicide based on pyridine carboxylate indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, compound A cyanomethyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-

or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof;

(b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

- 7 045989

In some aspects, the compositions and methods of the present invention include a composition comprising:

(a) pyridine carboxylate herbicide propargyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-Shindol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, compound B

NH?

compound B, or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof;

(b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof.

The pyridine carboxylate herbicides defined by formula (I), as well as methods for preparing such pyridine carboxylate herbicides, are disclosed in application PCT/US 2018/031004, filed May 4, 2018, the entire disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference .

In some aspects, the pyridine carboxylate herbicide may be provided in the form of an agriculturally acceptable salt. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable pyridine carboxylate herbicide salts include, but are not limited to, sodium salts, potassium salts, ammonium salts, or substituted ammonium salts, particularly mono-, di-, and tri- _C1C8 alkyl ammonium salts such as methyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, and isopropylammonium , mono-, di- and trihydroxy-C ₂ -C ₈ alkylammonium salts, such as hydroxyethylammonium, di(hydroxyethyl)ammonium, tri(hydroxyethyl)ammonium, hydroxypropylammonium, di(hydroxypropyl)ammonium and tri(hydroxypropyl)ammonium salts, olamine salts , diglycolamine salts, choline salts and quaternary ammonium salts, such as those represented by the formula R ⁹ R ¹⁰ R11R ¹² N ⁺ , and each of R ⁹ , R ¹⁰ , R ¹¹ and R ¹² (for example, R 9 - R ¹² ) can independently represent hydrogen, ^-C^alkyl, C ₂ -C ₈ alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₈ alkynyl, C1-C ₈ alkoxy, C1-C ₈ alkylthio or aryl groups, provided that R9-R ¹² are sterically compatible.

In some aspects, the pyridine carboxylate herbicide may be provided as an agriculturally acceptable ester. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable pyridine carboxylate herbicide esters include, but are not limited to: methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1ethylpropyl , hexyl, 1-methylhexyl (mexyl), 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, 1-methylheptyl (meptyl), octyl, isooctyl (isoctyl), butoxyethyl (butothyl) and benzyl.

A pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof may be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in quantity , sufficient to determine the herbicidal effect. In some aspects, a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or is applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 0.1 grams of acid equivalent per hectare (g eq./ha) or more, such as 0.2 g eq. k./ha or more, 0.3 g eq. k./ha or more, 0.4 g eq. k./ha or more, 0.5 g eq. k./ha or more, 0.6 g eq. k./ha or more, 0.7 g eq. k./ha or more, 0.8 g eq. k./ha or more, 0.9 g eq. k./ha or more, 1 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.1 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.2 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.3 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.4 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.5 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.6 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.7 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.8 g eq. k./ha or more, 1.9 g eq. k./ha or more, 2 g eq. k./ha or more, 2.25 g eq. k./ha or more, 2.5 g eq. k./ha or more, 2.75 g eq. k./ha or more, 3 g eq. k./ha or more, 4 g eq. k./ha or more, 5 g eq. k./ha or more, 6 g eq. k./ha or more, 7 g eq. k./ha or more, 8 g eq. k./ha or more, 9 g eq. k./ha or more, 10 g eq. k./ha or more, 11 g eq. k./ha or more, 12 g eq. k./ha or more, 13 g eq. k./ha or more, 14 g eq. k./ha or more, 15 g eq. k./ha or more, 16 g eq. k./ha or more, 17 g eq. k./ha or more, 18 g eq. k./ha or more, 19 g eq. k./ha or more, 20 g eq. k./ha or more, 22 g eq. k./ha or more, 24 g eq. k./ha or more, 25 g eq. k./ha or more, 26 g eq. k./ha or more, 28 g eq. k./ha or more, 30 g eq. k./ha or more, 32 g eq. k./ha or more, 34 g eq. k./ha or more, 35 g eq. k./ha or more, 36 g eq. k./ha or more, 38 g eq. k./ha or more, 40 g eq. k./ha or more - 8 045989 higher, 42.5 g eq. k./ha or more, 45 g eq. k./ha or more, 47.5 g eq. k./ha or more, 50 g eq. k./ha or more, 52.5 g eq. k./ha or more, 55 g eq. k./ha or more, 57.5 g eq. k./ha or more, 60 g eq. k./ha or more, 65 g eq. k./ha or more, 70 g eq. k./ha or more, 75 g eq. k./ha or more, 80 g eq. k./ha or more, 85 g eq. k./ha or more, 90 g eq. k./ha or more, 95 g eq. k./ha or more, 100 g eq. k./ha or more, 110 g eq. k./ha or more, 120 g eq. k./ha or more, 130 g eq. k./ha or more, 140 g eq. k./ha or more, 150 g eq. k./ha or more, 160 g eq. k./ha or more, 170 g eq. k./ha or more, 180 g eq. k./ha or more, 190 g eq. k./ha or more, 200 g eq. k./ha or more, 210 g eq. k./ha or more, 220 g eq. k./ha or more, 230 g eq. k./ha or more, 240 g eq. k./ha or more, 250 g eq. k./ha or more, 260 g eq. k./ha or more, 270 g eq. k./ha or more, 280 g eq. k./ha or more or 290 g eq. k./ha or more; in the amount of 300 g eq. k./ha or less, such as 290 g eq. k./ha or less, 280 g eq. k./ha or less, 270 g eq. k./ha or less, 260 g eq. k./ha or less, 250 g eq. k./ha or less, 240 g eq. k./ha or less, 230 g eq. k./ha or less, 220 g eq. k./ha or less, 210 g eq. k./ha or less, 200 g eq. k./ha or less, 190 g eq. k./ha or less, 180 g eq. k./ha or less, 170 g eq. k./ha or less, 160 g eq. k./ha or less, 150 g eq. k./ha or less, 140 g eq. k./ha or less, 130 g eq. k./ha or less, 120 g eq. k./ha or less, 110 g eq. k./ha or less, 100 g eq. k./ha or less, 95 g eq. k./ha or less, 90 g eq. k./ha or less, 85 g eq. k./ha or less, 80 g eq. k./ha or less, 75 g eq. k./ha or less, 70 g eq. k./ha or less, 65 g eq. k./ha or less, 60 g eq. k./ha or less, 57.5 g eq. k./ha or less, 55 g eq. k./ha or less, 52.5 g eq. k./ha or less, 50 g eq. k./ha or less, 47.5 g eq. k./ha or less, 45 g eq. k./ha or less, 42.5 g eq. k./ha or less, 40 g eq. k./ha or less, 38 g eq. k./ha or less, 36 g eq. k./ha or less, 35 g eq. k./ha or less, 34 g eq. k./ha or less, 32 g eq. k./ha or less, 30 g eq. k./ha or less, 28 g eq. k./ha or less, 26 g eq. k./ha or less, 25 g eq. k./ha or less, 24 g eq. k./ha or less, 22 g eq. k./ha or less, 20 g eq. k./ha or less, 19 g eq. k./ha or less, 18 g eq. k./ha or less, 17 g eq. k./ha or less, 16 g eq. k./ha or less, 15 g eq. k./ha or less, 14 g eq. k./ha or less, 13 g eq. k./ha or less, 12 g eq. k./ha or less, 11 g eq. k./ha or less, 10 g eq. k./ha or less, 9 g eq. k./ha or less, 8 g eq. k./ha or less, 7 g eq. k./ha or less, 6 g eq. k./ha or less, 5 g eq. k./ha or less, 4 g eq. k./ha or less, 3 g eq. k./ha or less, 2.75 g eq. k./ha or less, 2.5 g eq. k./ha or less, 2.25 g eq. k./ha or less, 2 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.9 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.8 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.7 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.6 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.5 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.4 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.3 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.2 g eq. k./ha or less, 1.1 g eq. k./ha or less, 1 g eq. k./ha or less, 0.9 g eq. k./ha or less, 0.8 g eq. k./ha or less, 0.7 g eq. k./ha or less, 0.6 g eq. k./ha or less, 0.5 g eq. k./ha or less, 0.4 g eq. k./ha or less, 0.3 g eq. k./ha or less or 0.2 g eq. kg/ha or less; or in an amount within any range defined between any pair of preceding values, such as 0.1300 g eq. k./ha, 1-150 g eq. k./ha, 10-200 g eq. k./ha, 25 g eq. k./ha-75 g eq. k./ha or 40-100 g eq. k./ha.

III. Photosystem II Inhibitor Herbicides In addition to the pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof, the compositions may include a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor herbicide or its acceptable with from an agricultural point of view, salt or ester. Photosystem II inhibitors inhibit photosynthesis by binding to the photosystem II complex in the chloroplast. Examples of photosystem II inhibitors include phenylcarbamate herbicides, pyridazinone herbicides, triazolinone herbicides, triazine herbicides, urea herbicides, uracil herbicides, amide herbicides, nitrile herbicides and phenylpyridazine herbicides.

In some aspects, the composition may include a PS II inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of ametrine, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazone, bromacil, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazone, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cyanazine, desmedipham, desmethrin, dimefuron, dimethamethrin, diuron, ethidimuron, etiosin, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, iodobonil, ioxynil, isocyl, isomethiosine, isoproturon, isouron, carbutylate, lenacyl, linuron, metamitron, metabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, methoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, nebur she, pentanochlor, phenmedipham, prometone, prometrin, propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, symetrine, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumetone, terbutylazine, terbutryn, triethazine and their combinations.

The PS II inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount , sufficient to determine the herbicidal effect. In some aspects, the PS II inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 5 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g a.i./ha) or more, such as 10 g a.i. i./ha or more, 15 g a. i./ha or

- 9 045989 more, 20 g a. i./ha or more, 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a.

i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 95 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 210 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a. i./ha or more, 230 g a. i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 270 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 290 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 330 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 370 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 390 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 g a. i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more, 580 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 3900 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 5000 g a. i./ha or more, 6000 g a. i./ha or more, 7000 g a. i./ha or more, 8000 g a. i./ha or more, 9000 g a. i./ha or more, 10000 g a. i./ha or more, 12000 g a. i./ha or more, 14000 g a. i./ha or more, 15000 g a. i./ha or more, 16000 g a. i./ha or more or 17000 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 18,000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 17,000 g a. i./ha or less, 16000 g a. i./ha or less, 15000 g a. i./ha or less, 14000 g a. i./ha or less, 12000 g a. i./ha or less, 10,000 g a. i./ha or less, 9000 g a. i./ha or less, 8000 g a. i./ha or less, 7000 g a. i./ha or less, 6000 g a. i./ha or less, 5000 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less,

825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less,

725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less,

625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less,

540 g a. i./ha or less, 520 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less,

460 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less,

390 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 370 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less,

350 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 330 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less,

310 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 290 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less,

270 g a. i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less,

230 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 210 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less,

190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less,

150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less,

110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 95 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less, 25 g a. i./ha or less, 20 g a. i./ha or less, 15 g a. i./ha or less or 10 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 5-4000 g a. i./ha, 5-3000 g a. i./ha, 3000-4000 g a. i./ha, 5-2900 g a. i./ha, 5-2800 g a. i./ha, 5-2700 g a. i./ha, 5-2600 g a. i./ha, 5-2500 g a. i./ha, 5-2400 g a. i./ha, 5- 10 045989

2300 g a. i./ha, 5-2200 g a. i./ha, 5-2100 g a. i./ha, 5-2000 g a. i./ha, 5-1800 g a. i./ha, 5-1600 g a. i./ha, 5-1400 g a. i./ha, 5-1200 g a. i./ha, 5-1000 g a. i./ha, 5-900 g a. i./ha, 5-800 g a. i./ha, 5-700 g a. i./ha, 5-600 g a. i./ha, 5500 g a. i./ha, 10-4000 g a. i./ha, 10-3000 g a. i./ha, 10-2000 g a. i./ha, 20-4000 g a. i./ha, 20-3000 g a. i./ha, 202000 a. i./ha, 20-1500 g a. i./ha, 30-4000 g a. i./ha, 30-3000 g a. i./ha, 30-2000 g a. i./ha, 50-4000 g a. i./ha, 50-3000 g a. i./ha, 50-2000 g a. i./ha, 50-1500 g a. i./ha, 70-4000 g a. i./ha, 70-3000 g a. i./ha, 70-2500 g a. i./ha, 70-2000 g a. i./ha, 70-1500 g a. i./ha, 100-3000 g a. i./ha, 100-2500 g a. i./ha or 100-2000 g a. i./ha. In some aspects, a photosystem II inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or is applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 30-1000 g a. i./ha.

In some aspects, the composition contains: (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof and (b) ametrine, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazone, bromacil, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazone , chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cyanazine, desmedipham, desmethrin, dimefuron, dimethamethrin, diuron, etidimuron, etiosin, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, iodobonil, ioxynil, isocyl, isomethiosine, isoproturon, isouron, carbutylate, lenacyl, linuron, metamitron, metabenzti azuron, methoprothrin , methobromuron, methoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, neburon, pentanochlor, phenmedipham, promethone, prometrin, propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, simetrine, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumetone, terbutylazine, terbutryn, triethazine or mixtures thereof.

Ametrine

In some aspects, the PS II inhibitor herbicide may comprise ametrine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Ametrine, shown below, is N-ethyl-No ^{. 4} -isopropyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,4-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in Tomlin, S. DS, Ed. The Pesticide Manual: A World Compendium, ^17th ed.; BCPC: Alton, 2016 (hereinafter referred to in this document as The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016). Exemplary uses of ametrine include its use for pre-emergence and early post-emergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in pineapple species, sugarcane, maize, banana species, cassava, sisal and orchards.

^NZS '5

IsXn CH ₃

H ₃ C^N^N'^N'^CH ₃ H H

Ametrine can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, ametrine is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 2000 g a. i./ha or more, such as 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more or 3900 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less or 2100 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 20004000 g a. i./ha, 2100-2500 g a. i./ha, 2600-3700 g a. i./ha, 2500-4000 g a. i./ha, 2900-3600 g a. i./ha, 3200-3800 g a. i./ha, 2300-3700 g a. i./ha or 2200-3900 g a. i./ha.

Amicarbazone

In some aspects, the PDS inhibitor herbicide may comprise amicarbazone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Amicarbazone, shown below, is 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-III,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of amicarbazone include its use for pre-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds in maize, pre-emergence and post-emergence control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in sugarcane, and post-emergence control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds. on the lawn and in coniferous plants.

- 11 045989 ns O o ^Η3 ° ³ 9-ν^ ^νΛν ' ^ΝΗ2 n3s y y

Amicarbazone can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, amicarbazone is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 100 g a. i./ha or more, such as 105 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 115 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 125 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 135 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 145 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 155 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 165 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a. i./ha or more, 175 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 185 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 210 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a. i./ha or more, 230 g a. i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 270 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 290 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 330 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 370 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 390 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 g a. i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more, 580 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more or 975 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a.

i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a.

i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a.

i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less, 540 g a.

i./ha or less, 520 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less, 460 g a.

i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 390 g a.

i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 370 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a.

i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 330 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less, 310 g a.

i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 290 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 270 g a.

i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 230 g a.

i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 210 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 190 g a.

i./ha or less, 185 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 175 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a.

i./ha or less, 165 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less, 155 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a.

i./ha or less, 145 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 135 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a.

i./ha or less, 125 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less, 115 g a. i./ha or less, 110 g a.

i./ha or less or 105 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 100-1000 g a. i./ha, 125-750 g a. i./ha, 160-675 g a. i./ha, 220-850 g a. i./ha, 370-900 g a. i./ha, 275650 g a. i./ha, 480-800 g a. i./ha, 340-900 g a. i./ha, 520-925 g a. i./ha, 290-560 g a. i./ha, 390-825 g a. i./ha or 105-975 g a. i./ha.

Atrazine

In some aspects, the PDS inhibitor herbicide may comprise atrazine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Atrazine, shown below, is 6-chloro-^-ethyl-^ ^4- isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of atrazine include its use as pre-emergence and post-emergence control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in maize, sorghum, sugarcane, pineapple species, chemical fallow, grasslands, macadamia nut species, conifers and for weed control in industrial areas.

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Atrazine can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, atrazine can be applied to water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 300 g a. i./ha or more, such as 320 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more or 3900 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a.

i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 ha.

i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 ha.

i./ha or less, 460 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 ha.

i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less or 320 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 300-4000 g a. i./ha, 480-2700 g a. i./ha, 850-3800 g a. i./ha, 600-2600 g a. i./ha, 1300-3100 g a. i./ha, 1500-3000 g a. i./ha, 2400-3700 g a. i./ha or 340-3900 g a. i./ha.

Bentazon

In some aspects, the PDS inhibitor herbicide may comprise bentazone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Bentazone, shown below, is 3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiazine-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxyg. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative applications of bentazone include its use for post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in winter and spring grain crops, peanuts, maize, peas, legumes, rice and soybeans.

Bentazone can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, bentazone is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 50 g a. i./ha or more, such as 100 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more,

350 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more,

550 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more,

750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more,

950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more or 2100 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 2200 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2100 g a.

- 13 045989

i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g

A. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less,

1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less or 100 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 50-2200 g a. i./ha, 100-1700 g a. i./ha, 300-1800 g a. i./ha, 150-1900 g a. i./ha, 450-2100 g a. i./ha, 250-1600 g a. i./ha, 700-1900 g a. i./ha or 100-2100 g a. i./ha.

Bromacil

In some aspects, the PDS inhibitor herbicide may comprise bromacil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Bromacil, shown below, is 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of bromacil include its use for pre-emergence and post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in citrus, pineapple, and total weed and shrub control on non-agricultural lands.

Bromacil can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, bromacil is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1500 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1750 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2750 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4500 g a. i./ha or more, 5000 g a. i./ha or more, 6000 g a. i./ha or more, 7000 g a. i./ha or more, 7500 g a. i./ha or more, 8000 g a. i./ha or more, 9000 g a. i./ha or more, 10000 g a. i./ha or more, 11000 g a. i./ha or more, 12000 g a. i./ha or more, 13000 g a. i./ha or more, 14000 g a. i./ha or more or 14500 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 15,000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 14500 g a. i./ha or less, 14000 g a. i./ha or less, 13000 g a. i./ha or less, 12000 g a. i./ha or less, 11000 g a. i./ha or less, 10,000 g a. i./ha or less, 9000 g a. i./ha or less, 8000 g a. i./ha or less, 7500 g a. i./ha or less, 7000 g a. i./ha or less, 6000 g a. i./ha or less, 5000 g a. i./ha or less, 4500 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2750 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less or 1600 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1500-15000 g a. i./ha, 2500-13000 g a. i./ha, 6000-9000 g a. i./ha, 8000-14000 g a. i./ha, 4500-11000 g a. i./ha, 2750-7500 g a. i./ha, 3000-12000 g a. i./ha, 7000-10000 g a. i./ha, 4000-12000 g a. i./ha or 1600-14500 g a. i./ha.

Bromophenoxime

In some aspects, the PDS inhibitor herbicide may comprise bromophenoxime or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Bromophenoxime, shown below, is 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde-2,4dinitrophenyloxime. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of bromophenoxime include its use for post-emergence control of many annual broadleaf weeds in cereal crops, maize, seed-grown grass crops, meadows and newly seeded turf.

Bromophenoxime can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water, to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, bromophenoxime is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1000 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1750 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2050 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2150 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more or 2250 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 2300 g a. i./ha or less such as 2250 g a. i./ha or less, 2240 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2150 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2050 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1250 g a. i./ha or less, 1240 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less or 1050 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1000-2300 g a. i./ha, 1200-1600 g a. i./ha, 1450-2100 g a. i./ha, 1100-1900 g a. i./ha, 1700-2200 g a. i./ha, 1300-2050 g a. i./ha or 1050-2200 g a. i./ha.

Bromoxynil

In some aspects, the PDS inhibitor herbicide may comprise bromoxynil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Bromoxynil, shown below, is 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of bromoxynil include its use as post-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds in cereal crops, seed-grown ryegrass crops, lawn and non-agricultural land, maize and sorghum. .

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Bromoxynil can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, bromoxynil is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 50 g a. i./ha or more, such as 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 95 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 210 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a.

i./ha or more, 230 g a. i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 260 ha.

i./ha or more, 270 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 290 g a. i./ha or more, 300 ha.

i./ha or more, 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 330 g a. i./ha or more, 340 ha.

i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 370 g a. i./ha or more, 380 ha.

i./ha or more, 390 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 ha.

i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more or 490 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 490 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less, 460 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less,

390 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 370 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less,

350 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 330 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less,

310 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 290 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less,

270 g a. i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less,

230 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 210 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less,

190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less,

150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less,

110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 95 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less or 55 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 50-500 g a. i./ha, 80-490 g a. i./ha, 60-380 g a. i./ha, 200-440 g a. i./ha, 130- 15 045989

370 g a. i./ha, 260-490 g a. i./ha, 320-500 g a. i./ha, 400-480 g a. i./ha, 240-460 g a. i./ha or 55-490 g a. i./ha.

Chlorbromuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise chlorbromuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Chlobromuron, shown below, is 3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Exemplary applications of chlorbromuron include pre-emergence application to carrot species, pea species, potato species, soybean species, and sunflower species.

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Chlorbromuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, chlorbromuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1000 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more or 2450 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 2500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2450 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less or 1100 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 10002500 g a. i./ha, 1300-2100 g a. i./ha, 1200-1900 g a. i./ha, 1500-2400 g a. i./ha, 1100-2200 g a. i./ha, 1200-2500 g a. i./ha, 1600-2300 g a. i./ha or 1100-2450 g a. i./ha.

Chloridazone

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise chloridazone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Chloridazone shown below is 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of chloridazone include its use for pre-emergence, post-emergence or pre-planting control of annual broadleaf weeds in sugar beet species, fodder beet species and beets.

nh ₂

Chloridazone can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, chloridazone is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1300 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1550 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1650 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1750 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1850 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 1950 a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2050 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2150 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2240 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2350 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2450 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2550 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2650 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2750 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2850 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 2950 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3050 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3150 g a. i./ha or more or 3200 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3250 g a. i./ha or less, such as 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3150 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3050 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2950 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2850 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2750 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2650 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2550 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2450 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less,

- 16 045989

2350 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2150 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2050 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1950 a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1850 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1650 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1550 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less or 1350 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1300-3250 g a. i./ha, 1500-2450 g a. i./ha, 1400-2800 g a. i./ha, 2050-3100 g a. i./ha, 1900-2950 g a. i./ha, 2000-2600 g a. i./ha, 2400-3000 g a. i./ha, 2250-3050 g a. i./ha or 1350-3200 g a. i./ha.

Chlorotoluron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise chlorotoluron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Chlorotoluron, shown below, is 3-(3-chloro-p-tolyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in the online publication The Pesticide Manual. Exemplary uses of chlorotoluron include its use for pre-emergence and post-emergence control of many broadleaf and grass weeds in winter grain crops.

Chlorotoluron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, chlorotoluron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1500 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1550 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1650 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1750 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1850 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 1950 a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2050 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2150 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2240 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2350 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2450 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2550 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2650 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2750 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2850 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more or 2950 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2950 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2850 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2750 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2650 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2550 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2450 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2350 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2150 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2050 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1950 a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1850 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1650 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less or 1550 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1500-3000 g a. i./ha, 1650-2750 g a. i./ha, 17002300 g a. i./ha, 2100-2800 g a. i./ha, 2050-2600 g a. i./ha, 2200-2950 g a. i./ha, 1850-2400 g a. i./ha or 15502950 g a. i./ha.

Chloroxuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise chloroxuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Chloroxuron, shown below, is 3-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of chloroxuron include its use for pre-emergence and post-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds and some grasses in pea species, legumes, carrot species, celery, celery root, onion species, leeks, garlic, onion species, fennel, parsley, dill, tomato species, pumpkin crops, soybean species, strawberry species, fruit trees, ornamental plants and coniferous plants and moss control on ornamental and sports lawns, on paths, and on non-agricultural lands, and in greenhouses. Chloroxuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation at levels ranging from 1 to 4 kg/ha.

dn ₃

- 17 045989

Cyanazine

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise cyanazine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Cyanazine is 2-(4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-2-methylpropiononitrile. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of cyanazine include its use for pre-emergence or post-emergence control of grass and broadleaf weeds in broad beans, maize, pea species, barley, wheat, cotton, oilseed rape, woodlands , types of potatoes, types of soybeans and sugar cane.

C.I.

N^N CN _ k II bсн ₃ ^Н ^ ^С й ^N й АН ₃

Cyanazine can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, cyanazine is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 250 g a. i./ha or more, such as 260 g a. i./ha or more, 270 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 290 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 330 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 370 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 390 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 g a. i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more, 580 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more or 2900 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less, 540 g a. i./ha or less, 520 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less, 460 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 390 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 370 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 330 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less, 310 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 290 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 270 g a. i./ha or less or 260 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 250-3000 g a. i./ha, 625-1400 g a. i./ha, 390-2300 g a. i./ha, 1100-2100 g a. i./ha, 1300-2700 g a. i./ha, 1000-1900 g a. i./ha or 260-2900 g a. i./ha.

Desmediphs

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise desmedipham or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Desmedipham, shown below, is a 3-ethoxycarbonylaminophenylphenylcarbamate. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of desmedipham include its use in post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in beet species.

- 18 045989

Desmedipham may be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water, to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in sufficient quantities to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, desmedipham is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or is applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 300 g a. i./ha or more, such as 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 330 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 370 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 390 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 410 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 430 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more or 1200 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1250 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1050 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a.

i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a.

i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less, 460 g a.

i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 430 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a.

i./ha or less, 410 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 390 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a.

i./ha or less, 370 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a.

i./ha or less, 330 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less or 310 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 300-1250 g a. i./ha, 340-850 g a. i./ha, 370600 g a. i./ha, 410-1050 g a. i./ha, 440-900 g a. i./ha, 450-750 g a. i./ha, 500-1150 g a. i./ha, 600-1200 g a. i./ha, 350-950 g a. i./ha or 310-1200 g a. i./ha.

Desmethrin

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise desmethrin or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Desmethrin, shown below, is N-isopropyl- ^N4 -methyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of desmethrin include its use for pre-emergence control of pigweed and other annual broadleaf weeds and some grasses in plants of the genus Brassica (excluding cauliflower and broccoli), herbs, types of onions, types of leeks and nurseries of coniferous plants.

^НзС '8 nAj СН3 ^h 3 ^c 'NA _n A _n A.ch N N

Desmethrin can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, desmethrin is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 200 g a. i./ha or more, such as 200 g a. i./ha or more, 210 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a. i./ha or more, 230 g a. i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 270 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 290 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 330 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 370 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 390 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more, 580 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more or 625 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 650 g a. i./ha or less, such as 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 540 g a. i./ha or less, 520 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less, 460 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 390 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 370 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 330 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less, 310 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 290 g a. i./ha or

- 19 045989 less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 270 g a. i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 230 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less or 210 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 200-650 g a. i./ha, 220-540 g a. i./ha, 260-380 g a. i./ha, 250-450 g a. i./ha, 300-600 g a. i./ha, 440-580 g a. i./ha or 210-625 g a. i./ha.

Dimefuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise dimefuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Dimefuron, shown below, is 3-[4-(5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)3-chlorophenyl]-1,1- dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Dimefuron is used for pre-emergence and post-emergence control of challenging annual broadleaf weeds (e.g. Stellaria media, Chamomilla and Matricaria spp.) in legumes, some cereals, cotton, peanut species, alfalfa during the dormant period, oilseed rape and pea species.

Dimefuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, dimefuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 200 g a. i./ha or more, such as 225 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 275 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more or 1900 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 2000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 325 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 275 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less or 225 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 200-2000 g a. i./ha, 350-1800 g a. i./ha, 425-1600 g a. i./ha, 575-1100 g a. i./ha, 400-1700 g a. i./ha, 600-925 g a. i./ha or 2251900 g a. i./ha.

Dimethamethrin

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise dimethamethrin or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Dimethamethrin shown below is (RS)-N ² -(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-N ⁴ -ethyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of dimethamethrin include its use in the control of annual broadleaf weeds in rice.

N^N CH ₃ H ₃ C^N^N'^N'^Y' ^{CH3 H H}

Dimethamethrin can be applied to vegetation or the area adjacent to the plant.

- 20 045989 tity, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in quantities sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, dimethamethrin is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 50 g a. i./ha or more, such as 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 95 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more or 145 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 150 g a. i./ha or less, such as 145 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 95 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less or 55 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 50-150 g a. i./ha, 60-120 g a. i./ha, 55-95 g a. i./ha, 85-140 g a. i./ha, 65-120 g a. i./ha, 55-110 g a. i./ha, 70-130 g a. i./ha or 55-145 g a. i./ha.

Diuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise diuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Diuron, shown below, is 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Diuron provides pre-emergence and early post-emergence control of germinating grasses and broadleaf weeds in asparagus, fruit trees, bush fruit, citrus, grape species, olive species, pineapple species, banana species, sugarcane, cotton, peppermint, alfalfa, forage legumes, cereals, maize, sorghum and perennial grasses grown for seed, as well as complete weed and moss control in non-crop areas.

dn ₃

Diuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, diuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 600 g a. i./ha or more, such as 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 3900 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4100 g a. i./ha or more, 4200 g a. i./ha or more, 4300 g a. i./ha or more, 4400 g a. i./ha or more, 4500 g a. i./ha or more, 4600 g a. i./ha or more, 4700 g a. i./ha or more or 4750 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4800 g a. i./ha or less, such as 4750 g a. i./ha or less, 4700 g a. i./ha or less, 4600 g a. i./ha or less, 4500 g a. i./ha or less, 4400 g a. i./ha or less, 4300 g a. i./ha or less, 4200 g a. i./ha or less, 4100 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less,

- 21 045989

800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less or 625 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 600-4800 g a. i./ha, 700-3900 g a. i./ha, 875-2200 g a. i./ha, 650-3100 g a. i./ha, 950-2700 g a. i./ha, 1500-2600 g a. i./ha, 1300-3200 g a. i./ha, 850-4000 g a. i./ha, 2500-4400 g a. i./ha, 1400-3200 g a. i./ha or 625-4750 g a. i./ha.

Etidimuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise ethidimuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Ethydimuron, shown below, is 1-(5-ethylsulfonyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of ethidimuron include its use for complete herbicidal control on fallow land and sugarcane plantations.

Ethydimuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, ethidimuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 4000 g a. i./ha or more, such as 4250 g a. i./ha or more, 4500 g a. i./ha or more, 4750 g a. i./ha or more, 5000 g a. i./ha or more, 5250 g a. i./ha or more, 5500 g a. i./ha or more, 5750 g a. i./ha or more, 6000 g a. i./ha or more, 6250 g a. i./ha or more, 6500 g a. i./ha or more, 6750 g a. i./ha or more, 7000 g a. i./ha or more or 7250 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 7500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 7250 g a. i./ha or less, 7000 g a. i./ha or less, 6750 g a. i./ha or less, 6500 g a. i./ha or less, 6250 g a. i./ha or less, 6000 g a. i./ha or less, 5750 g a. i./ha or less, 5500 g a. i./ha or less, 5250 g a. i./ha or less, 5000 g a. i./ha or less, 4750 g a. i./ha or less, 4500 g a. i./ha or less or 4250 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 40,007,500 g a. i./ha, 4500-6750 g a. i./ha, 5250-6500 g a. i./ha, 4250-5500 g a. i./ha, 5000-7250 g a. i./ha, 6250-7000 g a. i./ha, 5500-7500 g a. i./ha or 4250-7250 g a. i./ha.

Ethiosin

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise etiosin or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Ethiosin, shown below, is 4-amio-6-tert-butyl-3-ethylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of etiosin include its use in pre-emergence control of grasses and some broadleaf weeds in cereal crops and tomato species.

Ethiosin can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, etiosin is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 500 g a. i./ha or more, such as 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more or 1700 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1750 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or

- 22 045989 less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less or 525 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 500-1750 g a. i./ha, 550-1500 g a. i./ha, 625-1600 g a. i./ha, 675-1100 g a. i./ha, 700-1300 g a. i./ha, 600-925 g a. i./ha or 5251700 g a. i./ha.

Fenuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise fenuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Fenuron, shown below, is a 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative applications of fenuron include its use in pre-emergence control of woody plants and perennial weeds on non-agricultural lands.

Fluometuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise fluometuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Fluometuron, shown below, is 1,1-dimethyl-3-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of fluometuron include its use in the control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in cotton and sugarcane.

Fluometuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, fluometuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 800 g a. i./ha or more, such as 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more or 1450 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1250 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1050 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less or 825 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 800-1500 g a. i./ha, 950-1300 g a. i./ha, 825-1150 g a. i./ha, 975-1100 g a. i./ha, 1000-1400 g a. i./ha, 900-1350 g a. i./ha or 8251450 g a. i./ha.

Hexazinon

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise hexazinone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Hexazinone, shown below, is 3-cyclohexyl-6-dimethylamino-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)dione. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of hexazinone include its use in post-emergence control of annual, biennial, and most perennial weeds in alfalfa, pineapple species, sugarcane, conifer species, and non-crop areas. , at 6000-12000 g/ha.

Iodobonil

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise iodobonil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Iodobonyl, shown below, is 4-(allyloxycarbonyloxy)-3,5-diiodobenzonitrile. Its chemical

- 23 045989 properties are given in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016.

Ioxynil

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise ioxynil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Ioxynil, shown below, is 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzonitrile. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of ioxynil include its use in post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in cereals, onions, leeks, garlic, shallots, flax, sugarcane, forage grasses, artificial lawns and newly seeded lawns.

Ioxynil can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, ioxynil is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 300 g a. i./ha or more, such as 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 330 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 370 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 390 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more, 580 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more or 625 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 650 g a. i./ha or less, such as 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 540 g a. i./ha or less, 520 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less, 460 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 390 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 370 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 330 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less or 310 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 300-650 g a. i./ha, 320-540 g a. i./ha, 360-580 g a. i./ha, 350-450 g a. i./ha, 310-520 g a. i./ha, 440-600 g a. i./ha or 310-625 g a. i./ha.

Isocil

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise isocyl or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Isocyl, shown below, is a 3-ethoxycarbonylaminophenylphenylcarbamate. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative applications of isocyl include its use as a general eradication herbicide for the control of perennial grasses and on non-agricultural lands at 13-18 kg/ha.

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Isomethiosine

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise isomethiosine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Isomethiosine, shown below, is 6-tert-butyl-4-[(EZ-isobutylideneamino]-3-methylthio1,2,4-triazin-5(4N)-one. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition , 2016. Exemplary uses of isomethiosine include its use in post-emergence control of heavily infested grass areas and in winter wheat and spring grain crops.

Isoproturon

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise isoproturon or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Isopro- 24 045989 turon shown below is 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of isoproturon include its use in the pre-emergence and post-emergence control of annual grass weeds and many broadleaf weeds in spring and winter wheat (excluding durum wheat), spring and winter barley, winter rye and triticale.

Isoproturon can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, isoproturon is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 800 g a. i./ha or more, such as 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more or 1450 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1250 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1050 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less or 825 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 800-1500 g a. i./ha, 950-1300 g a. i./ha, 825-1150 g a. i./ha, 975-1100 g a. i./ha, 1000-1400 g a. i./ha, 900-1350 g a. i./ha or 8251450 g a. i./ha.

Isouron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise isouron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Isouron, shown below, is 3-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative applications of isouron include its use in pre-emergence and post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in sugarcane and pineapple species.

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Isouron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in sufficient quantities to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, isouron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 400 g a. i./ha or more, such as 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more or 1450 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1250 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1050 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less or 425 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 400-1500 g a. i./ha, 450-1300 g a. i./ha, 525-1150 g a. i./ha, 475-1050 g a. i./ha, 600-1400 g a. i./ha, 750-1250 g a. i./ha or 4251450 g a. i./ha.

- 25 045989

Carbutylate

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise a carbutylate or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The carbutylate shown below is 3-(3,3-dimethylureido)phenyl-tert-butylcarbamate. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of carbutylate include its use in the control of annual and perennial broadleaf and grass weeds and woody plant species in non-crop areas at no more than 12,000 g/ha.

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Lenacil

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise lenacil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Lenacil, shown below, is 3-cyclohexyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(3H)dione. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of lenacil include its use in pre-planting and pre-emergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in sugar beet species, fodder beet species, beets, sweet potato species, spinach, spp. strawberries, flax, Spanish goat and ornamental plants.

Lenacil can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, lenacil is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 100 g a. i./ha or more, such as 125 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 175 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 225 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 275 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more or 2600 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 2700 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a.

i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 g a.

i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a.

i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a.

i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 325 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 275 g a.

i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 225 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 175 g a.

i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less or 125 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 100-2700 g a. i./ha, 150-1800 g a. i./ha, 225-2000 g a. i./ha, 375-2300 g a. i./ha, 400-1700 g a. i./ha, 600-925 g a. i./ha, 900-1400 g a. i./ha, 1300-2500 g a. i./ha or 125-2600 g a. i./ha.

Linuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may include

- 26 045989 linuron or its agriculturally acceptable salt or ester. Linuron, shown below, is 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of linuron include its use in pre-emergence and post-emergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in asparagus, artichoke species, carrot species, parsley, fennel, parsnip species, herbs, celery, root celery, types of onions, types of leeks, garlic, types of potatoes, types of peas, forage legumes, types of soybeans, cereals, maize, sorghum, cotton, flax, types of sunflowers, sugar cane, ornamental plants, types of rooted grapes , banana species, cassava, coffee plant, tea plant, rice, peanut species and other crops.

Metamitron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise metamitron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Metamitron, shown below, is 4-amino-3-methyl-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triαzin-5(4H)-one. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of metamitron include its use in pre-emergence, post-emergence or pre-planting control of broadleaf and grass weeds in sugar beet species, fodder beet species, red beet species, chard and some varieties of strawberries.

Metamitron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in sufficient quantities to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, metamitron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 300 g a. i./ha or more, such as 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 3900 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more or 4100 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4200 g a. i./ha or less, such as 4100 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less or 325 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 300-4200 g a. i./ha, 400-3900 g a. i./ha, 375-2200 g a. i./ha, 650-3100 g a. i./ha, 950-2700 g a. i./ha, 500-3300 g a. i./ha, 1300-4000 g a. i./ha, 850-3000 g a. i./ha, 2100-3600 g a. i./ha, 475-3200 g a. i./ha or 325-4100 g a. i./ha.

- 27 045989

Metabenzthiazuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise metabenzthiazuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Metabenzthiazuron, shown below, is 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of metabenzthiazuron include its use in the control of broadleaf and grass weeds in cereals, legumes, maize, garlic and onion species.

Metabenzthiazuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, metabenzthiazuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1250 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1550 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1650 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1750 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1850 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 1950 a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more or 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more or 2900 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1950 a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1850 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1650 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1550 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less or 1300 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1250-3000 g a. i./ha, 1650-2400 g a. i./ha, 1450-2300 g a. i./ha, 1500-2100 g a. i./ha, 1300-2700 g a. i./ha, 1700-1900 g a. i./ha or 1300-2900 g a. i./ha.

Methoprothrin

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise methoprothrin or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Methoprothrin, shown below, is N-isopropyl-No ^{. 4-} (3-methoxypropyl)-6-methylthio-1,3,5triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of methoprothrin include its use in post-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in winter grain crops.

^NZS 'o

Methoprothrin can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, methoprothrin is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1200 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1550 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1650 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1750 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1850 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 1950 a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2050 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2150 g a. i./ha or more or 2200 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 2250 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2150 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2050 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1950 a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1850 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1 1650 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1550 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less or 1250 g a. i./ha or less; or if

- 28 045989 quality ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1200-2250 g a. i./ha, 1350-1800 g a. i./ha, 14001600 g a. i./ha, 1550-2100 g a. i./ha, 1400-1900 g a. i./ha, 1650-2050 g a. i./ha or 1250-2200 g a. i./ha.

Metobromuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise methobromuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Metobromuron, shown below, is 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of metobromuron include its use in the pre-emergence control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in legumes, potato species, tomato species, tobacco, soybean species, maize, artichoke species, and sugar crop species. beets.

Metobromuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, methobromuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1200 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1550 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1650 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1750 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1850 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 1950 a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2050 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2150 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2350 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2450 g a. i./ha or more or 2500 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 2550 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2450 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2350 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2150 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2050 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1950 a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1850 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1 1650 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1550 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less or 1250 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1200-2550 g a. i./ha, 1350-2400 g a. i./ha, 1450-1950 g a. i./ha, 1550-2100 g a. i./ha, 1600-2400 g a. i./ha, 1750-2350 g a. i./ha or 1250-2500 g a. i./ha.

Metoxuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise methoxuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Methoxuron, shown below, is 3-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of methoxuron include its use in pre-emergence and post-emergence control of certain grasses and annual broadleaf weeds in winter wheat, winter barley, winter rye, carrot species, some spring wheat varieties for dehydrating potato plants and removing foliage before harvesting hemp, flax and tomato species.

Methoxuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, methoxuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 2200 g a. i./ha or more, such as 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2350 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2450 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 3850 g a. i./ha or more,

- 29 045989

3900 g a. i./ha or more or 3950 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 3950 g a. i./ha or less, 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3850 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2450 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2350 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less or 2250 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 2200-4000 g a. i./ha, 2300-3900 g a. i./ha, 24503200 g a. i./ha, 2600-3300 g a. i./ha, 2500-3800 g a. i./ha, 2350-3200 g a. i./ha, 2900-4000 g a. i./ha, 2200-3600 g a. i./ha, 2800-3700 g a. i./ha, 2400-3200 g a. i./ha or 2250-3950 g a. i./ha.

Metribuzin

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise metribuzin or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Metribuzin, shown below, is 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of metribuzin include its use in pre-emergence and post-emergence control of cereals and broadleaf weeds in soybean species, potato species, tomato species, sugar cane, alfalfa, asparagus, maize and cereals cultures.

_{n g} o gch

N. _n A _s , C ^h 3

Metribuzin can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, metribuzin is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 20 g a. i./ha or more, such as 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 95 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 125 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 175 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a.

i./ha or more, 225 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 275 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a.

i./ha or more, 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a.

i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a.

i./ha or more, 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a.

i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a.

i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a.

i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a.

i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more or 1450 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1250 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1050 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 325 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 275 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 225 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 175 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 125 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 95 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less or 25 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 20-1500 g a. i./ha, 25-800 g a. i./ha, 65-200 g a. i./ha, 75-1300 g a.

i./ha, 80-700 g a. i./ha, 200-925 g a. i./ha, 120-1050 g a. i./ha, 150-1250 g a. i./ha or 25-1450 g a. i./ha.

Monolinuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise monolinuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Monolinuron, shown below, is 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of monolinuron include its use in pre-emergence and post-emergence control of annual broadleaf and some grass weeds in asparagus, berry plants, maize, dwarf French beans, forage legumes, grape species, types of leeks, types of onions, types of potatoes, herbs, alfalfa, flowers, and ornamental plants and trees.

Skl _Λ

Ti l ⁰

NN CH3 ^H CH ₃

Neburon

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise neburon or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Neburon, shown below, is 1-butyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of Neburon include its use in the pre-emergence control of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in legumes, pea species, alfalfa, garlic, cereals, beet species, strawberry species, and ornamentals. and forest areas.

Neburon can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in sufficient quantities to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, Neburon is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1750 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1850 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 1950 a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2050 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2150 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2350 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2450 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2550 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2650 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2750 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2850 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 2950 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3050 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3150 g a. i./ha or more or 3200 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3250 g a. i./ha or less, such as 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3150 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3050 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2950 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2850 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2750 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2650 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2550 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2450 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2350 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2150 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2050 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1950 a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1850 g a. i./ha or less or 1800 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1750-3250 g a. i./ha, 1850-2400 g a. i./ha, 1950-2700 a. i./ha, 1800-2400 g a. i./ha, 2000-2800 g a. i./ha, 2050-2650 g a. i./ha or 1800-3200 g a. i./ha.

Pentanochlor

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise pentanochlor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Pentanochlor, shown below, is (RS)-3'-chloro-2-methylvalero-p-toluidide. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of pentanochlor include its use in selective pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide control in carrot species, root celery, celery, fennel, parsley, parsnip species, pea species, tomato species, some flower crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants at less than 4000 g/ha.

- 31 045989

Phenmedipham

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise phenmedipham or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Phenmedipham, shown below, is 3-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl-3'-methylcarbanilate. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of phenmedipham include its use in post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in sugar beet species, strawberry species, spinach, pea species, Swiss chard and red beet species.

O ACH O n n

Phenmedipham may be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water, to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in quantities sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, phenmedipham is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or is applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 150 g a. i./ha or more, such as 175 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 225 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 275 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more or 975 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a.

i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a.

i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a.

i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a.

i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a.

i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a.

i./ha or less, 325 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 275 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a.

i./ha or less, 225 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less or 175 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 150-1000 g a. i./ha, 200-800 g a. i./ha, 175700 g a. i./ha, 525-900 g a. i./ha, 250-750 g a. i./ha, 300-925 g a. i./ha, 450-850 g a. i./ha, 400-650 g a. i./ha or 175-975 g a. i./ha.

Prometon

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise prometone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Prometone shown below is ^ ² ,^ ⁴ -diisopropyl-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of prometone include its use in pre-emergence or early post-emergence control of annual and perennial weeds in seed-seeded rice fields and seedling rice.

Promethone can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, promethone is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 100 g a. i./ha or more, such as 125 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 175 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 225 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 275 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more or 325 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 350 g a. i./ha or less, such as 325 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or

- 32 045989 less, 275 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 225 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 175 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less or 125 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 100-350 g a. i./ha, 150-300 g a. i./ha, 225-325 g

A. i./ha, 175-300 g a. i./ha, 200-275 g a. i./ha, 150-225 g a. i./ha or 125-325 g a. i./ha.

Prometrin

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise prometrin or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Prometrin, shown below, is ^^4-diisopropyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of prometrin include its use in pre-emergence or post-emergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cotton, sunflower species, peanut species, potato species, carrot species, pea species, legumes, celery and leeks.

^NZS 5

CH ₃ N ''N CH ₃

HiC^N^N^N^CH, Н Н ^J

Prometrin can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, prometrin is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 500 g a. i./ha or more, such as 550 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1550 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1650 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1750 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1850 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 1950 a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more or 2700 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 2750 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1950 a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1850 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1650 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1550 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1250 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1050 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less or 550 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 500-2750 g a. i./ha, 650-2400 g a. i./ha, 750-1800 g a. i./ha, 900-2100 g a. i./ha, 1300-2500 g a. i./ha, 700-1700 g a. i./ha or 550-2700 g a. i./ha.

Propanil

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise propanil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Propanil, shown below, is a 3',4'-dichloropropionanilide. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative applications of propanil include its use in post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in rice.

Propanil can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, propanil is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 5 g a. i./ha or more, such as 10 g a. i./ha or more, 15

- 33 045989 a. i./ha or more, 20 g a. i./ha or more, 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 95 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 225 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 275 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more or 3900 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less,

600 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less,

450 g a. i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a. i./ha or less,

350 g a. i./ha or less, 325 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 275 g a. i./ha or less,

250 g a. i./ha or less, 225 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less,

160 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less,

100 g a. i./ha or less, 95 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less, 25 g a. i./ha or less, 20 g a. i./ha or less, 15 g a. i./ha or less or 10 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 5-4000 g a. i./ha, 20-3700 g a. i./ha, 250-1200 g a. i./ha, 600-2300 g a. i./ha, 45-800 g a. i./ha, 350-3200 g a. i./ha, 75-2200 g a. i./ha, 850-2500 g a. i./ha, 1600-3700 g a. i./ha, 180-2800 g a. i./ha or 10-3950 g a. i./ha.

Propazine

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise propazine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Propazine, shown below, is 6-chloro-K ² ,K ⁴ -diisopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of propazine include its use in pre-planting, pre-emergence or post-emergence control of grass and broadleaf weeds in sorghum, carrot species, chervil, parsley and greenhouse ornamentals.

C.I.

CH ₃ N^N CH _E HaC^N^N^N^CHj N H ³

Propazine can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, propazine is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 250 g a. i./ha or more, such as 275 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more - 34 045989 more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more or 3400 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a.

i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 600 ha.

i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 ha.

i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a. i./ha or less, 350 ha.

i./ha or less, 325 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less or 275 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 275-3500 g a. i./ha, 300-3000 g a. i./ha, 4501200 g a. i./ha, 600-2300 g a. i./ha, 325-800 g a. i./ha, 850-2600 g a. i./ha, 750-2200 g a. i./ha, 500-1500 g a. i./ha, 1600-3100 g a. i./ha, 900-3300 g a. i./ha or 275-3400 g a. i./ha.

Pyridafol

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise pyridafol or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Pyridafol, shown below, is 6-chloro-3-phenylpyridazin-4-ol. According to The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016, pyridafol was evaluated using Novartis Crop Protection AG.

Pyridate

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise a pyridate or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The pyridate shown below is O-6-chloro-3-phenylpyridazin-4-yl^-octylthiocarbonate. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of pyridate include its use in post-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds and some grass weeds in maize, oilseed rape, cereal crops, rice, peanut species and vegetables.

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The pyridate can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, the pyridate is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 100 g a. i./ha or more, such as 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 125 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 210 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a. i./ha or more, 230 g a. i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 270 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 290 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more - 35 045989 more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more or 1450 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a.

i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 425 g a.

i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 325 g a.

i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 290 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 270 g a.

i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 230 g a.

i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 210 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 190 g a.

i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a.

i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 125 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a.

i./ha or less or 110 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 100-1500 g a. i./ha, 120-700 g a. i./ha, 250-1100 g a. i./ha, 300-800 g a. i./ha, 450-1000 g a. i./ha, 350-1200 g a. i./ha, 210-900 g a. i./ha, 125-500 g a. i./ha, 375-1400 g a. i./ha, 180-600 g a. i./ha or 110-1450 g a. i./ha.

Siduron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise siduron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Siduron, shown below, is a 1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of siduron include its use in pre-emergence control of Digitaria spp. and annual grass weeds in turfgrass farms, grass seed production and established turf.

Siduron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, siduron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 2000 g a. i./ha or more, such as 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2750 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4500 g a. i./ha or more, 5000 g a. i./ha or more, 6000 g a. i./ha or more, 7000 g a. i./ha or more, 7500 g a. i./ha or more, 8000 g a. i./ha or more, 9000 g a. i./ha or more, 10000 g a. i./ha or more, 11000 g a. i./ha or more, 12000 g a. i./ha or more, 13000 g a. i./ha or more, 14000 g a. i./ha or more or 14500 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 15,000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 14500 g a. i./ha or less, 14000 g a. i./ha or less, 13000 g a. i./ha or less, 12000 g a. i./ha or less, 11000 g a. i./ha or less, 10,000 g a. i./ha or less, 9000 g a. i./ha or less, 8000 g a. i./ha or less, 7500 g a. i./ha or less, 7000 g a. i./ha or less, 6000 g a. i./ha or less, 5000 g a. i./ha or less, 4500 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2750 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a. i./ha or less or 2100 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 2000-15000 g a. i./ha, 2500-13000 g a. i./ha, 6000-9000 g a. i./ha, 8000-14000 g a. i./ha, 4500-11000 g a. i./ha, 2750-7500 g a. i./ha, 3000-12000 g a. i./ha, 7000-10000 g a. i./ha, 4000-12000 g a. i./ha or 2100-14500 g a. i./ha.

Simazine

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise simazine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Simazine, shown below, is 6-chloro-N ² A ⁴ -diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of simazine include its use in the pre-emergence control of broadleaf and annual grass weeds in pome fruit, stone fruit, bush and berry fruit, citrus, grape species, strawberries, nuts, olive species, pineapple species, forage legumes, French beans, pea species, maize, asparagus, hop species, alfalfa, lupine species, oilseed rape, artichoke species, sugar cane, plantation trees, lawn and ornamental plants.

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Simazine can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, simazine is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1250 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1550 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more or 3400 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1550 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less or 1300 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1250-3500 g a. i./ha, 1300-3000 g a. i./ha, 1450-1900 g a. i./ha, 1600-2300 g a. i./ha, 1100-2800 g a. i./ha, 1550-2000 g a. i./ha, 2100-2600 g a. i./ha, 1500-2500 g a. i./ha, 1600-3100 g a. i./ha, 2400-3300 g a. i./ha or 1300-3400 g a. i./ha.

Symetrin

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise symethrin or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Symethrine, shown below, is ^^4-diethyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of symethrine include its use in the control of broadleaf weeds in rice.

Tebuthiuron

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise tebuthiuron or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Tebuthiuron, shown below, is 1-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylurea. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of tebuthiuron include its use in pre-emergence control of herbaceous and woody plants, annual weeds and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in non-agricultural areas, grasslands, natural grasslands and in sugarcane. .

Tebuthiuron can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, tebuthiuron is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 500 g a. i./ha or more, such as 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 g a. i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more, 580 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or

- 37 045989 more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2750 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4500 g a. i./ha or more, 5000 g a. i./ha or more, 6000 g a. i./ha or more or 6500 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 7000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 6500 g a. i./ha or less, 6000 g a. i./ha or less, 5000 g a. i./ha or less, 4500 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2750 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less, 540 g a. i./ha or less or 520 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 500-7000 g a. i./ha, 2500-5000 g a. i./ha, 600900 g a. i./ha, 825-1400 g a. i./ha, 4500-7000 g a. i./ha, 750-5000 g a. i./ha, 1000-3500 g a. i./ha, 975-4000 g a. i./ha, 700-1200 g a. i./ha or 520-6500 g a. i./ha.

Terbacil

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise terbacil or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Terbacil, shown below, is 3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of terbacil include its use in pre-emergence and post-emergence control of annual and some perennial grasses, broadleaf and sedge weeds in apple, citrus, alfalfa, fruit trees, strawberry species, types of blueberries, mint and sugar cane.

Terbacil can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, terbacil is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 300 g a. i./ha or more, such as 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 330 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 370 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 390 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 460 g a. i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 g a. i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more, 580 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4200 g a. i./ha or more or 4400 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 4400 g a. i./ha or less, 4200 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or

- 38 045989 less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less, 540 g a. i./ha or less, 520 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less, 460 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g a. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 390 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 370 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 330 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less or 310 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 300-4500 g a. i./ha, 370-4000 g a. i./ha, 14002600 g a. i./ha, 600-3800 g a. i./ha, 540-2600 g a. i./ha, 1100-2800 g a. i./ha, 1600-2500 g a. i./ha, 2000-3200 g a. i./ha, 2500-4200 g a. i./ha, 700-1500 g a. i./ha, 350-3400 g a. i./ha or 310-4400 g a. i./ha.

Terbumetone

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise terbumetone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Terbumetone, shown below, is N-tert-butyl-No ^{. 4} -ethyl-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of terbumetone include its use in the pre-emergence control of annual and perennial grass and broadleaf weeds in citrus, vineyards, apple species and woodlands.

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Terbumetone can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, terbumetone is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 2700 g a. i./ha or more, such as 2750 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 3900 g a. i./ha or more than 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4100 g a. i./ha or more, 4200 g a. i./ha or more, 4300 g a. i./ha or more, 4400 g a. i./ha or more, 4500 g a. i./ha or more, 4600 g a. i./ha or more, 4700 g a. i./ha or more, 4800 g a. i./ha or more, 4900 g a. i./ha or more, 5000 g a. i./ha or more, 5100 g a. i./ha or more, 5200 g a. i./ha or more, 5300 g a. i./ha or more, 5400 g a. i./ha or more, 5500 g a. i./ha or more, 5600 g a. i./ha or more, 5700 g a. i./ha or more, 5800 g a. i./ha or more, 5900 g a. i./ha or more, 6000 g a. i./ha or more, 6100 g a. i./ha or more, 6250 g a. i./ha or more, 6500 g a. i./ha or more or 6750 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 7000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 6750 g a. i./ha or less, 6500 g a. i./ha or less, 6250 g a. i./ha or less, 6100 g a. i./ha or less, 6000 g a. i./ha or less, 5900 g a. i./ha or less, 5800 g a. i./ha or less, 5700 g a. i./ha or less, 5600 g a. i./ha or less, 5500 g a. i./ha or less, 5400 g a. i./ha or less, 5300 g a. i./ha or less, 5200 g a. i./ha or less, 5100 g a. i./ha or less, 5000 g a. i./ha or less, 4900 g a. i./ha or less, 4800 g a. i./ha or less, 4700 g a. i./ha or less, 4600 g a. i./ha or less, 4500 g a. i./ha or less, 4400 g a. i./ha or less, 4300 g a. i./ha or less, 4200 g a. i./ha or less, 4100 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less or 2750 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 27,007,000 g a. i./ha, 3500-6000 g a. i./ha, 4600-6900 g a. i./ha, 2800-4400 g a. i./ha, 5700-6100 g a. i./ha, 3700-5000 g a. i./ha, 3000-5500 g a. i./ha, 2900-6300 g a. i./ha, 3600-4900 g a. i./ha or 2750-6750 g a. i./ha.

Terbutylazine

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise terbuthylazine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Terbutylazine, shown below, is N-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N4-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of terbuthylazine include its use in pre-emergence and post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in maize, sorghum, fruit trees, citrus, grape varieties, coffee plant, oil palm, chocolate tree, potato species, olive species, pea species, legumes, sugar cane, rubber, tree nurseries and new plantings.

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Terbuthylazine can be applied to vegetation or areas adjacent to vegetation.

vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in sufficient quantities to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, terbuthylazine is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 500 g a. i./ha or more, such as 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 g a. i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more, 580 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more or 2750 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2750 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a.

i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 ha.

i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 ha.

i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 ha.

i./ha or less, 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less, 540 g a. i./ha or less or 520 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 500-3000 g a. i./ha, 540-2000 g a. i./ha, 600-900 g a. i./ha, 825-2250 g a. i./ha, 700-2100 g a. i./ha, 750-1700 g a. i./ha, 10002500 g a. i./ha, 975-1300 g a. i./ha, 600-1900 g a. i./ha or 520-2750 g a. i./ha.

Terbutryn

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise terbutryn or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Terbutryn, shown below, is N-tert-butyl-N4-ethyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of terbutryn include its use in pre-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in winter cereals, legumes, pea species, maize, sugar cane, sunflower species, potato species, cotton. and types of peanuts.

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Terbutryn can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, terbutryn is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 150 g a. i./ha or more, such as 175 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 225 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 275 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 325 g a. i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 375 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 425 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 475 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 525 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 575 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more or 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g

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A. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 3000 g a. i./ha or less, such as 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1250 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1050 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a. i./ha or less, 575 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 375 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 325 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 275 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 225 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less or 175 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 150-3000 g a. i./ha, 325-2800 g a. i./ha, 575-2900 g a. i./ha, 275-1300 g a. i./ha, 850-1700 g a. i./ha, 2000-2800 g a. i./ha, 600-1050 g a. i./ha, 450-1450 g a. i./ha or 175-2900 g a. i./ha.

Triethazine

In some aspects, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide may comprise triethazine or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Triethazine, shown below, is 6-chloro-# ² ^ ² ^ ⁴ -triethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Exemplary uses of triethazine include its use in weed control in potato species, forage legumes, and pea species.

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Triethazine can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, triethazine is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1500 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1550 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4200 g a. i./ha or more, 4300 g a. i./ha or more or 4400 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 4400 g a. i./ha or less, 4300 g a. i./ha or less, 4200 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less or 1550 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1500-4500 g a. i./ha, 1600-4000 g a. i./ha, 1900-2600 g a. i./ha, 2600-3800 g a. i./ha, 2200-3200 g a. i./ha, 1900-2800 g a. i./ha, 2100-2500 g a. i./ha, 2000-3200 g a. i./ha, 2500-4200 g a. i./ha, 1500-3500 g a. i./ha or 1550-4400 g a. i./ha.

IV. Herbicides that are HPPD inhibitors

In addition to the pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof, the compositions may optionally include a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicide. Herbicides that are HPPD inhibitors affect an oxygenase enzyme involved in energy production in plants and higher eukaryotes. Examples of HPPD inhibitors include benzobicyclone, benzophenap, bicyclopyrone, fenquinotrione, isoxachlortol, isoxaflutole, lancotrione, mesotrione, pyrasulfotol, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxifene, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate, topramesone, or an agriculturally acceptable salt and complex thereof. ether and their combinations.

In some aspects, the composition may include an HPPD inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of benzobicyclone, benzophenap, bicyclopyrone, fenquinotrione, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, lancotrione, mesotrione, pyrasulfotol, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxyphene, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate, topramesone , their agriculturally acceptable salts or esters and combinations thereof.

The HPPD inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in amounts sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, an HPPD inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or is applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in quantity 1 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1.1 g a. i./g a or more, 1.25 g a. i./ha or more, 1.5 g a. i./ha or more, 1.75 g a. i./ha or more, 2 g a. i./ha or more, 2.5 g a. i./ha or more, 3 g a. i./ha or more, 3.5 g a. i./ha or more, 4 g a. i./ha or more, 5 g a. i./ha or more, 6 g a. i./ha or more, 7 g a. i./ha or more, 8 g a. i./ha or more, 9 g a. i./ha or more, 10 g a. i./ha or more, 11 g a. i./ha or more, 12 g a. i./ha or more, 13 g a. i./ha or more, 14 g a. i./ha or more, 15 g a. i./ha or more, 16 g a. i./ha or more, 17 g a. i./ha or more, 18 g a. i./ha or more, 19 g a. i./ha or more, 20 g a. i./ha or more, 21 g a. i./ha or more, 22 g a. i./ha or more, 23 g a. i./ha or more, 24 g a. i./ha or more, 25 g a. i./ha or more, 26 g a. i./ha or more, 27 g a. i./ha or more, 28 g a. i./ha or more, 29 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 31 g a. i./ha or more, 32 g a. i./ha or more, 33 g a. i./ha or more, 34 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 36 g a. i./ha or more, 37 g a. i./ha or more, 38 g a. i./ha or more, 39 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 41 g a. i./ha or more, 42 g a. i./ha or more, 43 g a. i./ha or more, 44 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 95 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a.

i./ha or more, 170 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 ha.

i./ha or more, 220 g a. i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 260 ha.

i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 340 ha.

i./ha or more, 350 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 400 ha.

i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 600 ha.

i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 800 ha.

i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 1000 g a. i./ha or more, 1050 g a. i./ha or more, 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1150 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1250 g a. i./ha or more, 1300 g a. i./ha or more, 1350 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1450 g a. i./ha or more, 1500 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1700 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 1900 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2050 g a. i./ha or more, 2100 g a. i./ha or more, 2150 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2240 g a. i./ha or more, 2250 g a. i./ha or more, 2300 g a. i./ha or more, 2350 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2450 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2700 g a. i./ha or more, 2750 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 2900 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3100 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3250 g a. i./ha or more, 3300 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3700 g a. i./ha or more, 3750 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 3900 g a. i./ha or more, 3950 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4100 g a. i./ha or more, 4200 g a. i./ha or more, 4250 g a. i./ha or more, 4300 g a. i./ha or more or 4350 g a. i./ha or more or 4400 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 4450 g a. i./ha or less, 4400 g a. i./ha or less, 4350 g a. i./ha or less, 4300 g a. i./ha or less, 4250 g a. i./ha or less, 4100 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3950 g a. i./ha or less, 3900 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3750 g a. i./ha or less, 3700 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3300 g a. i./ha or less, 3250 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3100 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2900 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2750 g a. i./ha or less, 2700 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2450 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2350 g a. i./ha or less, 2300 g a. i./ha or less, 2250 g a.

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i./ha or less, 2240 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2150 g a. i./ha or less, 2100 g a. i./ha or less, 2050 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1900 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1750 g a. i./ha or less, 1700 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1500 g a. i./ha or less, 1450 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1350 g a. i./ha or less, 1300 g a. i./ha or less, 1250 g a. i./ha or less, 1240 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less, 1150 g a. i./ha or less, 1100 g a. i./ha or less, 1050 g a. i./ha or less, 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 800 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 700 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 600 g a.

i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a.

i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 350 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a.

i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 260 g a.

i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a.

i./ha or less, 190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a.

i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a.

i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 95 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 44 g a. i./ha or less, 43 g a. i./ha or less, 42 g a. i./ha or less, 41 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 39 g a. i./ha or less, 38 g a. i./ha or less, 37 g a. i./ha or less, 36 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 34 g a. i./ha or less, 33 g a. i./ha or less, 32 g a. i./ha or less, 31 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less, 29 g a. i./ha or less, 28 g a. i./ha or less, 27 g a. i./ha or less, 26 g a. i./ha or less, 25 g a. i./ha or less, 24 g a. i./ha or less, 23 g a. i./ha or less, 22 g a. i./ha or less, 21 g a. i./ha or less, 20 g a. i./ha or less, 19 g a. i./ha or less, 18 g a. i./ha or less, 17 g a. i./ha or less, 16 g a. i./ha or less, 15 g a. i./ha or less, 14 g a. i./ha or less, 13 g a. i./ha or less, 12 g a. i./ha or less, 11 g a. i./ha or less, 10 g a. i./ha or less, 9 g a. i./ha or less, 8 g a. i./ha or less, 7 g a. i./ha or less, 6 g a. i./ha or less, 5 g a. i./ha or less, 4 g a. i./ha or less, 3.5 g a. i./ha or less, 3 g a. i./ha or less, 2.5 g a. i./ha or less, 2 g a. i./ha or less, 1.75 g a. i./ha or less, 1.5 g a. i./ha or less, 1.25 g a. i./ha or less or 1.1 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1-4500 g a. i./ha, 4-3900 g a. i./ha, 1.75-2500 g a. i./ha, 75-3100 g a. i./ha, 90-900 g a. i./ha, 55-4200 g a. i./ha, 50-2350 g a. i./ha, 80-2900 g a. i./ha, 1204100 g a. i./ha, 65-2700 g a. i./ha, 300-4000 g a. i./ha, 1200-3600 g a. i./ha, 250-2000 g a. i./ha, 1.75-250 g a. i./ha, 700-4250 g a. i./ha, 39-1100 g a. i./ha or 1.1-4450 g a. i./ha.

In some aspects, the composition contains: (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof; (b) a PS-II inhibitor herbicide selected from ametrine, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazone, bromacil, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazone, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cyanazine, desmedipham, desmethrin, dimefuron, dimethamethrin, diuron, ethidimuron, etiosine, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, iodobonil, ioxynil, isocyl, isomethiosine, isoproturon, isouron, carbutylate, lenacyl, linuron, metamitron, metabenzthiazuron, metoprotrin, metobromuron, methoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, neburon, pentanochlor , phenmedipham, prometone, prometrin, propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, symetrine, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumetone, terbutylazine, terbutryn, triethazine or mixtures thereof; and (c) an HPPD inhibitor herbicide selected from benzobicyclone, benzophenap, bicyclopyrone, fenquinotrione, isoxachlortol, isoxaflutole, lancotrione, mesotrione, pyrasulfotol, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxifene, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate, topramesone, acceptable from the point of view of agriculture salt or ester or combinations thereof.

Benzobicyclone

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise a benzobicyclone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The benzobicyclone shown below is 3-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-4(phenylthio)bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of benzobicyclone include its use for pre-emergence and early post-emergence control of annual and perennial weeds in seed-seeded rice fields and seedling rice.

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The benzobicyclone may be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, benzobicyclone is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 50 g a. i./ha or more, such as 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a. i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more or 400 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 401 g a. i./ha or less, such as 400 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less or 50 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 50-401 g a. i./ha, 75-360 g a. i./ha, 100-240 g a. i./ha, 150-300 g a. i./ha, 170-280 g a. i./ha, 140-360 g a. i./ha, 200-320 g a. i./ha, 80-260 g a. i./ha or 55-400 g a. i./ha.

Benzophenap

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise benzophenap or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Benzophenap, shown below, is 2-[[4-(2,4-dichloro-3-methylbenzoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-N-pyrazol5-yl]oxy]-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethanone. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative uses of benzophenap include its use for the control of broadleaf weeds in rice.

n ₃ s

Benzophenap can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in sufficient quantities to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, benzophenap is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 300 g a. i./ha or more, such as 310 g a. i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a. i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 450 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 550 g a. i./ha or more, 600 g a. i./ha or more, 625 g a. i./ha or more, 650 g a. i./ha or more, 675 g a. i./ha or more, 700 g a. i./ha or more, 725 g a. i./ha or more, 750 g a. i./ha or more, 775 g a. i./ha or more, 800 g a. i./ha or more, 825 g a. i./ha or more, 850 g a. i./ha or more, 875 g a. i./ha or more, 900 g a. i./ha or more, 925 g a. i./ha or more, 950 g a. i./ha or more, 975 g a. i./ha or more or 1000 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 1001 g a. i./ha or less, such as 1000 g a. i./ha or less, 975 g a. i./ha or less, 950 g a. i./ha or less, 925 g a. i./ha or less, 900 g a.

i./ha or less, 875 g a. i./ha or less, 850 g a. i./ha or less, 825 g a. i./ha or less, 800 ha.

i./ha or less, 775 g a. i./ha or less, 750 g a. i./ha or less, 725 g a. i./ha or less, 700 ha.

i./ha or less, 675 g a. i./ha or less, 650 g a. i./ha or less, 625 g a. i./ha or less, 600 ha.

i./ha or less, 575 g a. i./ha or less, 550 g a. i./ha or less, 525 g a. i./ha or less, 500 ha.

i./ha or less, 475 g a. i./ha or less, 450 g a. i./ha or less, 425 g a. i./ha or less, 400 ha.

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i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less or 310 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 300-1001 g a. i./ha, 450-1000 g a. i./ha, 380-825 g a. i./ha, 400-900 g a. i./ha, 450-925 g a. i./ha, 550-775 g a. i./ha, 600-850 g a. i./ha, 475-950 g a. i./ha, 340-925 g a. i./ha, 650-975 g a. i./ha, 725-1000 g a. i./ha, 450-850 g a. i./ha, 800-950 g a. i./ha or 310-975 g a. i./ha.

Bicyclopyrone

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise bicyclopyrone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Bicyclopyrone shown below is 4-hydroxy-3-[[2-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-6(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]carbonyl]bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene-2 -He. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual, Seventeenth Edition, 2016. Illustrative applications of bicyclopyrone include its use for pre-emergence and early post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in maize and cereal crops.

ABOUT'

N ₃ S. p.

Bicyclopyrone can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, bicyclopyrone is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 20 g a. i./ha or more, such as 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a.

i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a.

i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a.

i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 300 g a.

i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 380 g a.

i./ha or more or 400 g a. i./ha; in the amount of 401 g a. i./ha or less, such as 400 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a. i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less, 25 g a. i./ha or less or 20 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 20-401 g a. i./ha, 30-260 g a. i./ha, 40-380 g a. i./ha, 55-300 g a. i./ha, 60-340 g a. i./ha, 45-320 g a. i./ha, 25-300 g a. i./ha, 100-190 g a. i./ha, 200-380 g a. i./ha, 50-200 g a. i./ha, 30-300 g a. i./ha, 85-220 g a. i./ha, 30-65 g a. i./ha or 25-400 g a. i./ha.

Fenquinotrion

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise a phenquinotrione or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Phenquinotrione shown below is 2-[[8-chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2quinoxalinyl]carbonyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione. Phenquinotrione is an herbicide being developed for use on rice, according to the online version of The Pesticide Manual.

Isoxachlortol

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise isoxachlortol or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Isoxachlortol, shown below, is [4-chloro-2-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl](5-cyclopropyl-4-45 045989 isoxazolyl)methanone. According to the online version of The Pesticide Manual, isoxachlorthol is a herbicide whose effectiveness has been studied at Rhone-Poulenc.

Isoxaflutole

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise isoxaflutole or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Isoxaflutole, shown below, is (5-cyclopropyl-4-isoxazolyl)[2-(methylsulfonyl)4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual. Exemplary uses of isoxaflutole include its use for pre-emergence or pre-planting control of cereal and broadleaf weeds in maize and sugarcane.

Isoxaflutole may be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water, to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in sufficient quantities to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, isoxaflutole is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 20 g a. i./ha or more, such as 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a.

i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a.

i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a.

i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a.

i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more or 300 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 301 g a. i./ha or less, such as 300 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less or 25 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 20-301 g a. i./ha, 30-300 g a. i./ha, 40-170 g a. i./ha, 25-260 g a. i./ha, 60-120 g a. i./ha, 70-190 g a. i./ha, 75-240 g a. i./ha, 35-200 g a. i./ha, 65-220 g a. i./ha, 85-140 g a. i./ha, 100-300 g a. i./ha, 150-280 g a. i./ha, 200-301 g a. i./ha, 130-200 g a. i./ha, 25-100 g a. i./ha, 70-90 g a. i./ha or 25-300 g a. i./ha.

Lancotrione

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise lancotrione or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Lancotrione shown below is 2-[2-chloro-3-[2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethoxy]-4(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1- He. Lancotrione is a herbicide currently under development by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., according to the online version of The Pesticide Manual.

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Mesotrione

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise mesotrione or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Mesotrione, shown below, is 2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual. Exemplary uses of mesotrione include its use for pre- and post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds and certain grass weeds in maize.

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Mesotrione can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, mesotrione is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 20 g a. i./ha or more, such as 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a.

i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more. 75 g a. i./ha or more. 80 g a. i./ha or more. 85 g a. i./ha or more. 90 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 250 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 175 g a. i./ha or more, 220 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 225 g a. i./ha or more, 275 g a. i./ha or more, 125 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more or 300 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 301 g a. i./ha or less, such as 300 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a. i./ha or less, 275 g a. i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 250 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 225 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a. i./ha or less, 190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 175 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 125 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less or 25 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 20-301 g a. i./ha, 30-275 g a. i./ha, 40-140 g a. i./ha, 50-250 g a. i./ha, 60-301 g a. i./ha, 25-280 g a. i./ha, 60-125 g a. i./ha, 70-250 g a. i./ha, 90-225 g a. i./ha, 110-220 g a. i./ha, 40-175 g a. i./ha, 65-160 g a. i./ha, 70-200 g a. i./ha, 80-180 g a. i./ha, 90-250 g a. i./ha, 140-225 g a. i./ha, 110-240 g a. i./ha, 120-175 g a. i./ha, 110-150 g a. i./ha, 25-85 g a. i./ha or 25-300 g a. i./ha.

Pyrasulfotol

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise pyrasulfotol or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Pyrasulfotol, shown below, is (5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-N-pyrazol-4-yl)[2(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual. Exemplary uses of pyrasulfotole include its use in a mixture with mefenpyr-diethyl and bromoxynil or MCPA ester for post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in cereal crops.

Pyrasulfotol can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, pyrasulfotol is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or is applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1.1 g a. i./ha or more, 1.25 g a. i./ha or more, 1.4 g a. i./ha or more, 1.5 g a. i./ha or more, 1.6 g a.

i./ha or more, 1.75 g a. i./ha or more, 1.9 g a. i./ha or more, 2 g a. i./ha or more, 2.25 g a. i./ha or more, 2.5 g a. i./ha or more, 2.75 g a. i./ha or more, 3 g a. i./ha or more, 3.25 g a. i./ha or more, 3.5 g a. i./ha or more, 3.75 g a. i./ha or more, 4 g a. i./ha or more, 4.5 g a. i./ha or more, 5 g a. i./ha or more, 6 g a. i./ha or more, 7 g a. i./ha or more, 8 g a. i./ha or more, 9 g

A. i./ha or more, 9.5 g a. i./ha or more, g a. i./ha or more, 10.5 g a. i./ha or more, g a.

i./ha or more, 11.5 g a.

i./ha or more, 13.5 g a.

i./ha or more, 15.5 g a.

i./ha or more, 17.5 g a.

i./ha or more, 12 g a.

i./ha or more, 14 g a.

i./ha or more, 16 g a.

i./ha or more, 18 g a.

i./ha or more, 12.5 i./ha or more, 14.5 i./ha or more, 16.5 i./ha or more, 18.5 g a. i./ha or more, 13 g a g a. i./ha or more, 15 g a g a. i./ha or more, 17 g a g a. i./ha or more, 20 g a

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i./ha or more, 21 g a. i./ha or more, 22 g a. i./ha or more, 23 g a. i./ha or more, 24 g a. i./ha or more, 25 g a. i./ha or more, 26 g a. i./ha or more, 27 g a. i./ha or more, 28 g a. i./ha or more, 29 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 31 g a. i./ha or more, 32 g a. i./ha or more, 33 g a. i./ha or more, 34 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 36 g a. i./ha or more, 37 g a. i./ha or more, 38 g a. i./ha or more, 39 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 41 g a.

i./ha or more, 42 g a. i./ha or more, 43 g a. i./ha or more, 44 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more or 47 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 50 g a. i./ha or less, such as 47 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 44 g a. i./ha or less, 43 g a. i./ha or less, 42 g a. i./ha or less, 41 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 39 g a. i./ha or less, 38 g a. i./ha or less, 37 g a. i./ha or less, 36 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 34 g a. i./ha or less, 33 g a. i./ha or less, 32 g a. i./ha or less, 31 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less, 29 g a.

i./ha or less, 28 g a. i./ha or less, 27 g a. i./ha or less, 26 g a. i./ha or less, 25 g a. i./ha or less, 24 g a. i./ha or less, 23 g a. i./ha or less, 22 g a. i./ha or less, 21 g a. i./ha or less, 20 g a. i./ha or less, 19 g a. i./ha or less, 18.5 g a. i./ha or less, 18 g a. i./ha or less, 17.5 g a. i./ha or less, 17 g a. i./ha or less, 16.5 g a. i./ha or less, 16 g a. i./ha or less, 15.5 g a. i./ha or less, 15 g a. i./ha or less, 14.5 g a. i./ha or less, 14 g a. i./ha or less, 13.5 g a. i./ha or less, 13 g a. i./ha or less, 12.5 g a. i./ha or less, 12 g a. i./ha or less, 11.5 g a. i./ha or less, 11 g a. i./ha or less, 10.5 g a. i./ha or less, 10 g a. i./ha or less, 9.5 g a. i./ha or less, 9 g a. i./ha or less, 8.5 g a. i./ha or less, 8 g a. i./ha or less, 7.5 g a. i./ha or less, 7 g a. i./ha or less, 6.5 g a. i./ha or less, 6 g a. i./ha or less, 5.5 g a. i./ha or less, 5 g a. i./ha or less, 4.5 g a. i./ha or less, 4 g a. i./ha or less, 3.75 g a. i./ha or less, 3.5 g a. i./ha or less, 3.25 g a. i./ha or less, 3 g a. i./ha or less, 2.75 g a. i./ha or less, 2.5 g a. i./ha or less, 2.25 g a. i./ha or less, 2 g a. i./ha or less, 1.9 g a. i./ha or less, 1.75 g a. i./ha or less, 1.6 g a. i./ha or less, 1.5 g a. i./ha or less, 1.4 g a. i./ha or less, 1.25 g a. i./ha or less or 1.1 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1-50 g a. i./ha, 1.4-45 g a. i./ha, 1.2-42 g a. i./ha, 2.5-35 g a. i./ha, 4-30 g a. i./ha, 6.5-29 g a. i./ha, 1.25-24 g a. i./ha, 3.75-18.5 g a. i./ha, 2.5-38 g a. i./ha, 11-17 g a. i./ha, 8-16 g a. i./ha, 2.75-19 g a. i./ha, 3-25 g a. i./ha, 7-23 g a. i./ha, 3.5-16 g a. i./ha, 10-41 g a. i./ha, 25-50 g a. i./ha, 14-44 g a. i./ha, 35-45 g a. i./ha, 40-51 g a. i./ha or 1.1-47 g a. i./ha.

Pyrazolinate

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise a pyrazolinate or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. The pyrazolinate shown below is (2,4-dichlorophenyl)[1,3-dimethyl-5-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]-III-pyrazol-4-yl]methanone. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual. Exemplary uses of pyrazolinate include its use for the control of grasses, sedge species, Potamogeton distinctus, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia and Alisma canaliculatum in rice fields.

Pyrazolinate may be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, pyrazolinate is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1000 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4200 g a. i./ha or more or 4400 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 4400 g a. i./ha or less, 4200 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less or 1100 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1000-4500 g a. i./ha, 2000-4000 g a. i./ha, 1400-2600 g

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A. i./ha, 1600-3800 g a. i./ha, 1100-3000 g a. i./ha, 1000-2800 g a. i./ha, 1600-2500 g a. i./ha, 2000-3200 g a.

i./ha, 2500-4200 g a. i./ha, 1200-3500 g a. i./ha, 3500-4000 g a. i./ha or 1100-4400 g a. i./ha.

Pyrazoxifene

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise pyrazoxyphene or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Pyrazoxifene, shown below, is 2-[[4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-N-pyrazol-5yl]oxy]-1-phenylethanone. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual. Exemplary uses of pyrazoxifene include pre-emergence or early post-emergence control of annual and perennial rice field weeds in seed-seeded and seedbed rice.

Pyrazoxifene may be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water, to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, pyrazoxifene is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1000 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1100 g a. i./ha or more, 1200 g a. i./ha or more, 1400 g a. i./ha or more, 1600 g a. i./ha or more, 1800 g a. i./ha or more, 2000 g a. i./ha or more, 2200 g a. i./ha or more, 2400 g a. i./ha or more, 2500 g a. i./ha or more, 2600 g a. i./ha or more, 2800 g a. i./ha or more, 3000 g a. i./ha or more, 3200 g a. i./ha or more, 3400 g a. i./ha or more, 3500 g a. i./ha or more, 3600 g a. i./ha or more, 3800 g a. i./ha or more, 4000 g a. i./ha or more, 4200 g a. i./ha or more or 4400 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 4500 g a. i./ha or less, such as 4400 g a. i./ha or less, 4200 g a. i./ha or less, 4000 g a. i./ha or less, 3800 g a. i./ha or less, 3600 g a. i./ha or less, 3500 g a. i./ha or less, 3400 g a. i./ha or less, 3200 g a. i./ha or less, 3000 g a. i./ha or less, 2800 g a. i./ha or less, 2600 g a. i./ha or less, 2500 g a. i./ha or less, 2400 g a. i./ha or less, 2200 g a. i./ha or less, 2000 g a. i./ha or less, 1800 g a. i./ha or less, 1600 g a. i./ha or less, 1400 g a. i./ha or less, 1200 g a. i./ha or less or 1100 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1000-4500 g a. i./ha, 1100-4000 g a. i./ha, 14003600 g a. i./ha, 1200-1800 g a. i./ha, 1800-4000 g a. i./ha, 2200-4500 g a. i./ha, 1500-3200 g a. i./ha, 2000-3500 g a. i./ha, 2500-3400 g a. i./ha or 1100-4400 g a. i./ha.

Sulcotrione

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise sulcotrione or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Sulcotrione, shown below, is 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-1,3cyclohexanedione. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual. Exemplary uses of sulcotrione include its use for the control of broadleaf weeds and post-emergence grasses in maize and sugarcane.

Sulcotrione can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, sulcotrione is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 20 g a. i./ha or more, such as 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a. i./ha or more, 130 g a.

i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 170 ha.

i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more, 200 g a. i./ha or more, 220 ha.

i./ha or more, 240 g a. i./ha or more, 260 g a. i./ha or more, 280 g a. i./ha or more, 300 ha.

i./ha or more, 320 g a. i./ha or more, 340 g a. i./ha or more, 360 g a. i./ha or more, 380 ha.

i./ha or more, 400 g a. i./ha or more, 420 g a. i./ha or more, 440 g a. i./ha or more, 460 ha.

i./ha or more, 480 g a. i./ha or more, 500 g a. i./ha or more, 520 g a. i./ha or more, 540 ha.

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i./ha or more, 560 g a. i./ha or more or 580 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 600 g a. i./ha or less, such as 580 g a. i./ha or less, 560 g a. i./ha or less, 540 g a. i./ha or less, 520 g a. i./ha or less, 500 g a. i./ha or less, 480 g a. i./ha or less, 460 g a. i./ha or less, 440 g

A. i./ha or less, 420 g a. i./ha or less, 400 g a. i./ha or less, 380 g a. i./ha or less, 360 g a.

i./ha or less, 340 g a. i./ha or less, 320 g a. i./ha or less, 300 g a. i./ha or less, 280 g a.

i./ha or less, 260 g a. i./ha or less, 240 g a. i./ha or less, 220 g a. i./ha or less, 200 g a.

i./ha or less, 190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a.

i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a.

i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less or 25 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 20-600 g a. i./ha, 40-400 g a. i./ha, 65-420 g a. i./ha, 120-240 g a. i./ha, 300-460 g a. i./ha, 400-580 g a. i./ha, 30-500 g a. i./ha, 250-560 g a. i./ha, 250-440 g a. i./ha, 75-520 g a. i./ha, 35-300 g a. i./ha, 90-540 g a. i./ha, 150-400 g a. i./ha, 400-560 g a. i./ha, 50-300 g a. i./ha, 110-480 g a. i./ha, 75-420 g a. i./ha, 65-360 g a. i./ha, 170-300 g a. i./ha, 200-300 g a. i./ha, 220-600 g a. i./ha or 25-580 g a. i./ha.

Tefuryltrione

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise tefuryltrione or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Tefuryltrione, shown below, is 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[[(tetrahydro-2furanyl)methoxy]methyl]benzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione. Tefuryltrione is a herbicide jointly developed by Bayer CropScience, Hokko Chemical and Zen-Noh for pre- and post-emergence control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in the rice cereal crop, according to The Pesticide Manual online.

Tembotrion

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise tembotrione or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Tembotrione, shown below, is 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual.

Exemplary uses of tembotrione include its use for post-emergence control of grass and broadleaf weed species in maize.

Tembotrione can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount sufficient to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, tembotrione is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or is applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1.1 g a. i./ha or more, 1.25 g a. i./ha or more, 1.4 g a. i./ha or more, 1.5 g a. i./ha or more, 1.6 g a. i./ha or more, 1.75 g a. i./ha or more, 1.9 g a. i./ha or more, 2 g a. i./ha or more, 2.25 g a. i./ha or more, 2.5 g a. i./ha or more, 2.75 g a. i./ha or more, 3 g a. i./ha or more, 3.25 g a. i./ha or more, 3.5 g a. i./ha or more, 3.75 g a. i./ha or more, 4 g a. i./ha or more, 4.5 g a. i./ha or more, 5 g a. i./ha or more, 6 g a. i./ha or more, 7 g a. i./ha or more, 8 g a. i./ha or more, 9 g a. i./ha or more, 9.5 g a. i./ha or more, 10 g a. i./ha or more, 10.5 g a. i./ha or more, 11 g a. i./ha or more, 11.5 g a. i./ha or more, 12 g a. i./ha or more, 12.5 g a. i./ha or more, 13 g a. i./ha or more, 13.5 g a. i./ha or more, 14 g a. i./ha or more, 14.5 g a. i./ha or more, 15 g a. i./ha or more, 15.5 g a. i./ha or more, 16 g a. i./ha or more, 16.5 g a. i./ha or more, 17 g a. i./ha or more, 17.5 g a. i./ha or more, 18 g a. i./ha or more, 18.5 g a. i./ha or more, 20 g a. i./ha or more, 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 95 g a. i./ha or more, 100 g a. i./ha or more, 110 g a. i./ha or more, 120 g a.

- 50 045989

i./ha or more, 130 g a. i./ha or more, 140 g a. i./ha or more, 150 g a. i./ha or more, 160 g a. i./ha or more, 170 g a. i./ha or more, 180 g a. i./ha or more, 190 g a. i./ha or more or 200 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 200 g a. i./ha or less, such as 190 g a. i./ha or less, 180 g a. i./ha or less, 170 g a. i./ha or less, 160 g a. i./ha or less, 150 g a. i./ha or less, 140 g a. i./ha or less, 130 g a. i./ha or less, 120 g a. i./ha or less, 110 g a. i./ha or less, 100 g a. i./ha or less, 95 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less, 25 g a. i./ha or less, 20 g a. i./ha or less, 19 g a. i./ha or less, 18.5 g a. i./ha or less, 18 g a. i./ha or less, 17.5 g a. i./ha or less, 17 g a. i./ha or less, 16.5 g a. i./ha or less, 16 g a. i./ha or less, 15.5 g a. i./ha or less, 15 g a.

i./ha or less, 14.5 g a. i./ha or less, 14 g a. i./ha or less, 13.5 g a. i./ha or less, 13 g a.

i./ha or less, 12.5 g a. i./ha or less, 12 g a. i./ha or less, 11.5 g a. i./ha or less, 11 g a.

i./ha or less, 10.5 g a. i./ha or less, 10 g a. i./ha or less, 9.5 g a. i./ha or less, 9 g a. i./ha or less, 8.5 g a. i./ha or less, 8 g a. i./ha or less, 7.5 g a. i./ha or less, 7 g a. i./ha or less, 6.5 g a. i./ha or less, 6 g a. i./ha or less, 5.5 g a. i./ha or less, 5 g a. i./ha or less, 4.5 g a. i./ha or less, 4 g a. i./ha or less, 3.75 g a. i./ha or less, 3.5 g a. i./ha or less, 3.25 g a. i./ha or less, 3 g a. i./ha or less, 2.75 g a. i./ha or less, 2.5 g a. i./ha or less, 2.25 g a. i./ha or less, 2 g a. i./ha or less, 1.9 g a. i./ha or less, 1.75 g a. i./ha or less, 1.6 g a. i./ha or less, 1.5 g a. i./ha or less, 1.4 g a. i./ha or less, 1.25 g a. i./ha or less or 1.1 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1-200 g a. i./ha, 1.4-75 g a. i./ha, 3.5-150 g a. i./ha, 10-140 g a. i./ha, 6-75 g a. i./ha, 8-180 g a. i./ha, 1.5-25 g a. i./ha, 2.5-15 g a. i./ha, 2.25-10 g a. i./ha, 25-120 g a. i./ha, 1.9-130 g a. i./ha, 20-40 g a. i./ha, 30-180 g a. i./ha, 45-190 g a. i./ha, 3.5-70 g a. i./ha, 6-130 g a. i./ha, 70-90 g a. i./ha, 15-110 g a. i./ha, 120-140 g a. i./ha or 1.1-190 g a. i./ha.

Tolpiralate

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise tolpyralate or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Tolpyralate, shown below, is 1-[[1-ethyl-4-[3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-2-methyl-4(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]-III-pyrazol-5-yl]oxy]ethylmethyl carbonate. According to the online version of The Pesticide Manual, tefuryltrione is a herbicide developed by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. for pre- and post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds, including Palmer amaranth, hemp grass, ragweed and Faber bristleweed, in maize.

Topramaison

In some aspects, the HPPD inhibitor herbicide may comprise topramesone or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. Topramesone shown below is [3-(4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl)-2-methyl-4(methylsulfonyl)phenyl](5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) methanone. Its herbicidal activity is illustrated in The Pesticide Manual. Exemplary uses of topramesone include its use for post-emergence weed control in maize.

Topramesone can be applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in sufficient quantities to cause a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, topramesone is applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applied to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation in an amount of 1 g a. i./ha or more, such as 1.1 g a. i./ha or more, 1.25 g a. i./ha or more, 1.4 g a. i./ha or more, 1.5 g a. i./ha or more, 1.6 g a. i./ha or more, 1.75 g a. i./ha or more, 1.9 g a. i./ha or more, 2 g a. i./ha or more, 2.25 g a. i./ha or more, 2.5 g a. i./ha or more, 2.75 g a. i./ha or more, 3 g a. i./ha or more, 3.25 g a. i./ha or more, 3.5 g a. i./ha or more, 3.75 g a. i./ha or more, 4 g a. i./ha or more, 4.5 g a. i./ha or more, 5 g a. i./ha or more, 6 g a. i./ha or more, 7 g a. i./ha or more, 8 g a. i./ha or more, 9 g a. i./ha or more, 9.5 g a. i./ha or more, 10 g a. i./ha or more, 10.5 g a. i./ha or more, 11 g a. i./ha or more, 11.5

- 51 045989 a. i./ha or more, 12 g a. i./ha or more, 12.5 g a. i./ha or more, 13 g a. i./ha or more, 13.5 g a. i./ha or more, 14 g a. i./ha or more, 14.5 g a. i./ha or more, 15 g a. i./ha or more, 15.5 g a. i./ha or more, 16 g a. i./ha or more, 16.5 g a. i./ha or more, 17 g a. i./ha or more, 17.5 g a. i./ha or more, 18 g a. i./ha or more, 18.5 g a. i./ha or more, 20 g a. i./ha or more, 25 g a. i./ha or more, 30 g a. i./ha or more, 35 g a. i./ha or more, 40 g a. i./ha or more, 45 g a. i./ha or more, 50 g a. i./ha or more, 55 g a. i./ha or more, 60 g a. i./ha or more, 65 g a. i./ha or more, 70 g a. i./ha or more, 75 g a. i./ha or more, 80 g a. i./ha or more, 85 g a. i./ha or more, 90 g a. i./ha or more, 95 g a. i./ha or more or 100 g a. i./ha or more; in the amount of 100 g a. i./ha or less, such as 95 g a. i./ha or less, 90 g a. i./ha or less, 85 g a. i./ha or less, 80 g a. i./ha or less, 75 g a. i./ha or less, 70 g a. i./ha or less, 65 g a. i./ha or less, 60 g a. i./ha or less, 55 g a. i./ha or less, 50 g a. i./ha or less, 45 g a. i./ha or less, 40 g a. i./ha or less, 35 g a. i./ha or less, 30 g a. i./ha or less, 25 g a. i./ha or less, 20 g a. i./ha or less, 19 g a. i./ha or less, 18.5 g a. i./ha or less, 18 g a. i./ha or less, 17.5 g a. i./ha or less, 17 g a. i./ha or less, 16.5 g a. i./ha or less, 16 g a. i./ha or less, 15.5 g a. i./ha or less, 15 g a. i./ha or less, 14.5 g a. i./ha or less, 14 g a. i./ha or less, 13.5 g a. i./ha or less, 13 g a. i./ha or less, 12.5 g a. i./ha or less, 12 g a. i./ha or less, 11.5 g a. i./ha or less, 11 g a. i./ha or less, 10.5 g a. i./ha or less, 10 g a. i./ha or less, 9.5 g a. i./ha or less, 9 g a. i./ha or less, 8.5 g a. i./ha or less, 8 g a. i./ha or less, 7.5 g a. i./ha or less, 7 g a. i./ha or less, 6.5 g a. i./ha or less, 6 g a. i./ha or less, 5.5 g a. i./ha or less, 5 g a. i./ha or less, 4.5 g a. i./ha or less, 4 g a. i./ha or less, 3.75 g a. i./ha or less, 3.5 g a. i./ha or less, 3.25 g a. i./ha or less, 3 g a. i./ha or less, 2.75 g a. i./ha or less, 2.5 g a. i./ha or less, 2.25 g a. i./ha or less, 2 g a. i./ha or less, 1.9 g a. i./ha or less, 1.75 g a. i./ha or less, 1.6 g a. i./ha or less, 1.5 g a. i./ha or less, 1.4 g a. i./ha or less, 1.25 g a. i./ha or less or 1.1 g a. i./ha or less; or in an amount ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above, such as 1-100 g a. i./ha, 2-90 g a. i./ha, 4-80 g a. i./ha, 2.5-75 g a. i./ha, 9-60 g a. i./ha, 10-55 g a. i./ha, 3-25 g a. i./ha, 8-15 g a. i./ha, 1.5-10 g a. i./ha, 5-80 g a. i./ha, 6.5-45 g a. i./ha, 15-85 g a. i./ha, 20-90 g a. i./ha, 2.5-40 g a. i./ha, 3-30 g a. i./ha, 9-85 g a. i./ha or 1.5-95 g a. i./ha.

V. Compositions

A composition comprising (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof may be mixed with or used in combination with (b) a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor or its acceptable an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester; and (c) optionally a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. In some aspects, no HPPD inhibitor herbicide is present in the composition.

In some aspects, (a), (b), and optionally (c) are used in an amount sufficient to produce an unexpectedly enhanced herbicidal effect (e.g., increased attack or damage to undesirable vegetation) while still demonstrating adequate compatibility with agricultural crops. crop (eg, with no or very little crop damage or injury), compared to the use of herbicidal compounds (a), (b) or (c) alone. In some aspects, the attack or damage to unwanted vegetation caused by the compositions and methods disclosed herein is assessed using a scale of 0% to 100% when compared to untreated control vegetation, where 0% indicates no attack of unwanted vegetation and 100% indicates for the complete destruction of unwanted vegetation.

In some aspects, the combined action of (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof, (b) a PS II inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, and (c) ) optionally an HPPD inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof results in an unexpectedly enhanced herbicidal effect on undesirable vegetation, even at application rates lower than those typically used for the herbicide itself to exhibit a herbicidal effect. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can, from individual components, be used at lower application rates to achieve herbicidal effect comparable to that obtained with the individual components at normal application rates.

In some aspects, the weight ratio of (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof (in g eq/ha) and (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide, or its agriculturally acceptable salt or ester (in g a.i./ha) may be 1:18000 or more, such as 1:17000 or more, 1:15000 or more, 1:12500 or more, 1:11000 or more, 1:10000 or more,

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1:9500 or more,

1:7000 or more,

1:4500 or more,

1:3200 or more,

1:2200 or more,

1:9000 or more,

1:6500 or more,

1:4000 or more,

1:3000 or more,

1:2000 or more,

1:8500 or more,

1:6000 or more,

1:3800 or more,

1:2800 or more,

1:1800 or more,

1:8000 or more,

1:5500 or more,

1:3600 or more,

1:2600 or more,

1:1600 or more,

1:7500 or more

1:5000 or more

1:3400 or more

1:2400 or more

1:1400 or more

1:1200 or more, 1:1000 or more, 1:900 or more, 1:800 or more, 1:700 or more, 1:600 or more, 1:500 or more, 1:400 or more, 1: 300 or more, 1:200 or more, 1:100 or more, 1:90 or more, 1:80 or more, 1:70 or more, 1:60 or more, 1:50 or more, 1:40 or more more, 1:30 or more, 1:24 or more, 1:20 or more, 1:18 or more, 1:16 or more, 1:14 or more, 1:13 or more, 1:10 or more, 1:9 or more, 1:8 or more, 1:7 or more, 1:6 or more, 1:5 or more, 1:4 or more, 1:3 or more, 1:2 or more, 1: 1.9 or more, 1:1.8 or more, 1:1.7 or more, 1:1.6 or more, 1:1.5 or more, 1:1.4 or more, 1:1, 3 or more, 1:1.2 or more, 1:1.1 or more, 1:1 or more, 1.1:1 or more, 1.2:1 or more, 1.3:1 or more, 1.4:1 or greater, 1.5:1 or greater, 1.6:1 or greater, 1.7:1 or greater, 1.8:1 or greater, 1.9:1 or greater, 2: 1 or more, 3:1 or more, 4:1 or more, 5:1 or more, 6:1 or more, 7:1 or more, 8:1 or more, 9:1 or more, 10:1 or more, 12:1 or more, 14:1 or more, 15:1 or more, 16:1 or more, 18:1 or more, 20:1 or more, 22:1 or more, 24:1 or more, 25:1 or greater, 26:1 or greater, 28:1 or greater, 30:1 or greater, 35:1 or greater, 40:1 or greater, 45:1 or greater, 50:1 or greater, or 55: 1 or more; the weight ratio of (a) and (b) may be 60:1 or less, such as 55:1 or less, 50:1 or less, 45:1 or less, 40:1 or less, 35:1 or less , 30:1 or less, 28:1 or less, 26:1 or less, 25:1 or less, 24:1 or less, 22:1 or less,

20:1 or less, 18:1 or less, 16:1 or less, 15:1 or less, 14:1 or less, 12:1 or less, 10:1 or less, 10:1 or less, 9: 1 or less, 8:1 or less, 7:1 or less, 6:1 or less, 5:1 or less, 4:1 or less, 3:1 or less, 2:1 or less, 1.9: 1 or less, 1.8:1 or less, 1.7:1 or less, 1.6:1 or less, 1.5:1 or less, 1.4:1 or less, 1.3:1 or less, 1.2:1 or less, 1.1:1 or less, 1:1 or less, 1:1.1 or less, 1:1.2 or less, 1:1.3 or less, 1: 1.4 or less, 1:1.5 or less, 1:1.6 or less, 1:1.7 or less, 1:1.8 or less, 1:1.9 or less, 1:2 or less, 1:3 or less, 1:4 or less, 1:5 or less, 1:6 or less, 1:7 or less, 1:8 or less, 1:9 or less, 1:10 or less, 1:12 or less, 1:14 or less, 1:15 or less, 1:16 or less, 1:18 or less, 1:20 or less, 1:24 or less, 1:30 or less, 1: 40 or less, 1:50 or less, 1:60 or less, 1:70 or less, 1:80 or less, 1:90 or less, 1:100 or less, 1:200 or less, 1:300 or less, 1:400 or less, 1:500 or less, 1:600 or less, 1:700 or less, 1:800 or less, 1:900 or less, 1:1000 or less,

1:1200 or less, 1:1400 less, 1:1600 less, 1:2600 less, 1:3600 less, 1:5500 less, 1:8000 or or or less, 1:1800 less, 1:2800 less, 1:3800 less, 1:6000 or or or or less less less less

1:2000

1:3000

1:4000

1:6500 or or or less less less less

1:2200

1:3200

1:4500

1:7000 or or or less, 1:2400 less, 1:3400 less, 1:5000 less, 1:7500 or less, 1:8500 or less, 1:9000 or less, 1:10000 or less, 1: 11000 or or or or or less, 1:12500 or less, 1:15000 or less or 1:17000 or less; or the weight ratio of (a) and (b) may vary in a range of ratios from any of the minimum ratios to any of the maximum ratios presented above, such as 1:18000 to 60:1, 1:6500 to 10: 1, 1:1500 to 12:1, 1:100 to 16:1, 1:24 to 1:18, 1:16 to 1:12 or 1:5 to 5:1. In some aspects, no HPPD inhibitor herbicide is present in the composition.

In some aspects, the weight ratio of (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof (in g eq/ha) and, if present, (c) an optional herbicide representing HPPD inhibitor, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof (in g a.i./ha) may be 1:4500 or more, such as 1:4000 or more, 1:3500 or more, 1:3000 or more, 1:2500 or more, 1:2000 or more, 1:1500 or more, 1:1000 or more, 1:900 or more, 1:800 or more, 1:700 or more, 1: 600 or more, 1:500 or more, 1:400 or more, 1:300 or more, 1:200 or more, 1:100 or more, 1:90 or more, 1:80 or more, 1:70 or more more, 1:60 or more, 1:50 or more, 1:40 or more, 1:30 or more, 1:24 or more, 1:20 or more, 1:18 or more, 1:15 or more, 1:12 or more, 1:10 or more, 1:9 or more, 1:8 or more, 1:7 or more, 1:6 or more, 1:5 or more, 1:4 or more, 1: 3 or more, 1:2 or more, 1:1.9 or more, 1:1.8 or more, 1:1.7 or more, 1:1.6 or more, 1:1.5 or more, 1:1.4 or more, 1:1.3 or more, 1:1.2 or more, 1:1.1 or more, 1:1 or more, 1.1:1 or more, 1.2: 1 or more, 1.3:1 or more, 1.4:1 or more, 1.5:1 or more, 1.6:1 or more, 1.7:1 or more, 1.8:1 or greater than, 1.9:1 or greater, 2:1 or greater, 3:1 or greater, 4:1 or greater, 5:1 or greater, 6:1 or greater, 7:1 or greater, 8:1 or more, 9:1 or more, 10:1 or more, 15:1 or more, 20:1 or more, 22:1 or more, 24:1 or more, 25:1 or more, 26:1 or more, 28:1 or greater, 30:1 or greater, 35:1 or greater, 40:1 or greater, 45:1 or greater, 50:1 or greater, or 55:1 or greater; the weight ratio of (a) and, if present, (c) may be 300:1 or less, such as 250:1 or less, 200:1

- 53 045989 or less, 150:1 or less, 125:1 or less, 100:1 or less, 90:1 or less, 80:1 or less, 70:1 or less, 60:1 or less, 55: 1 or less, 50:1 or less, 45:1 or less, 40:1 or less, 35:1 or less, 30:1 or less, 28:1 or less, 26:1 or less, 25:1 or less, 24:1 or less, 22:1 or less, 20:1 or less, 15:1 or less, 10:1 or less, 9:1 or less, 8:1 or less, 7:1 or less, 6:1 or less, 5:1 or less, 4:1 or less, 3:1 or less, 2:1 or less, 1.9:1 or less, 1.8:1 or less, 1.7: 1 or less, 1.6:1 or less, 1.5:1 or less, 1.4:1 or less, 1.3:1 or less, 1.2:1 or less, 1.1:1 or less, 1:1 or less, 1:1.1 or less, 1:1.2 or less, 1:1.3 or less, 1:1.4 or less, 1:1.5 or less, 1: 1.6 or less, 1:1.7 or less, 1:1.8 or less, 1:1.9 or less, 1:2 or less, 1:3 or less, 1:4 or less, 1: 5 or less, 1:6 or less, 1:7 or less, 1:8 or less, 1:9 or less, 1:10 or less, 1:20 or less, 1:30 or less, 1:40 or less, 1:50 or less, 1:60 or less, 1:70 or less, 1:80 or less, 1:90 or less, 1:100 or less, 1:200 or less, 1:300 or less, 1:400 or less, 1:500 or less, 1:1000 or less, 1:1500 or less, 1:2000 or less, 1:2500 or less, 1:3000 or less, 1:3500 or less or 1: 4000 or less; or the weight ratio of (a) and, if present, (c) may vary in a range of ratios from any of the minimum ratios to any of the maximum ratios presented above, such as from 1:4500 to 300:1, from 1: 700 to 6:1, 1:40 to 90:1, 1:10 to 16:1, 1:14 to 10:1, 1:8 to 1:6 or 1:5 to 5:1 . In some aspects, no HPPD inhibitor herbicide is present in the composition.

In some aspects, the weight ratio of (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof (in g eq/ha) and (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof (in g a.i./ha) and, if present, (c) an optional HPPD inhibitor herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof (in g a.i./ha) can vary in a range of ratios from any of the minimum ratios to any of the maximum ratios presented above, such as, for example, from 1:18000:4500 to 60:1:0, from 1: 7000:1000 to 300:10:1, 1:2800:600 to 2:1:0, 1:45:10 to 10:10:1, 1:24:0 to 1:18:0, from 1:16:8 to 1:12:6 or from 1:5:5 to 5:1:0).

In some aspects, the active ingredients in the compositions disclosed herein consist of (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof and (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. In some aspects, the active ingredients in the compositions disclosed herein consist of (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof, (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof and (c) an HPPD inhibitor herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof. In some aspects, the composition may contain other components, such as antidotes or excipients, but does not contain a herbicidal active ingredient in addition to (a), and (b), and optionally (c).

In some aspects, (a), (b), and optionally (c) may independently be used at 90 to 100% purity (eg, 95 to 100%) as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

VI. Compositions

The present invention also includes the compositions and methods disclosed herein.

A. Additives

The compositions and methods disclosed herein may also be mixed or used with an additive. In some aspects, the additive is added sequentially. In some aspects, the additive is added simultaneously. In some aspects, the additive is premixed with a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof.

1. Other pesticides

Some aspects of the disclosed herbicidal compositions include adding one or more additional pesticide active ingredients to the herbicidal composition. Such pesticide active ingredients may include one or more of a herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, nematicide, miticide, arthropodocide, bactericide, plant growth regulator, or combinations thereof that are compatible with the compositions of the present invention.

In some aspects, the additive is an additional herbicide. For example, the compositions described herein can be used in combination with one or more additional herbicides to control unwanted vegetation. The composition may be composed of one or more additional herbicides, prepared as a tank mixture with one or

- 54 045989 several additional herbicides or applied sequentially with one or more additional herbicides. Exemplary additional herbicides include, but are not limited to, 4-CPA, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, 2,4-D, choline salt 2,4-D, salts, esters and amines of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-DP, 3,4-DP, 2,3,6-TBA; 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TB, acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, acrolein, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, allylic alcohol, alorac, ametridione, ametrine, amibusin, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor, herbicides based 4-aminopicolinic acid, such as halauxifen, halauxifen methyl, florpyrauxifen and the herbicides described in US Pat. Nos. 7,314,849 and 7,432,227 to Balko, et al.; aminopyralid, amiprofosmethyl, amitrol, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, anizuron, asulam, atratone, atrazine, azaphenidine, azimsulfuron, aziprotrin, barban, BCRS, beflubutamide, benazolin, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulide, bensulfuron, benthiocar b, bentazone, benzadox, benzphendizone , benzipram, benzobicyclone, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzoylprop, benzthiazuron, bialaphos, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bispyribac, borax, bromacil, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, brompyrazone, butachlor, butafenacil, butamiphos, butenachlor, butidazole, butiuron, butralin , butroxydim, buturon, butylate, cacodylic acid, cafenstrol, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamide, cambendichlor, carbasulam, carbetamide, carboxazole, chlorprocarb, carfentrazone-ethyl, CDEA, SEPC, chlomethoxifene, chloramben, chloranocryl, chlorazifope, chlorazine, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chloreturon, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazol, chlorflurenol, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlornitrophen, chloropon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chloroxynil, chlorprofam, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthiamide, cinidone-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, cisanilide, claciphos, clethodim, cliodinate, clodinaf op- propargyl, clofop, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, SMA, copper sulfate, CPMF, CPRS, credazine, cresol, cumyluron, cyanathrine, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyhalofop-butyl , cyperquat, cyprazine, cyprazole, cypromide, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, delachlor, desmedipham, desmethrin, diallate, dicambu, dichlobenil, dichloralurea, dichlormate, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, dietamquat, dietyl, diphenopentene, difenoxuron , difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethamethrin, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimexano, dimidazone, dinitramine, dinophenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, diphenamide, dipropetrin, diquat, disul, dithiopyr, diuron, DM PA , DNOC, DSMA, EVER, eglinasine, endothal, epronaz, ERTS, erbon, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, etamethsulfuron, etbenzamide, etamethsulfuron, etidimuron, etiolate, ethobenzamide, etofumesate, ethoxyphene, ethoxysulfuron, etinophen, etnipromide, etobenzanide, EXD, fenasulam, phenopro n , fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+isoxadifen-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenquinotrione, fenteracol, fentiaprop, fentrazamide, fenuron, ferrous sulfate, flamprop, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-R- butyl, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flusetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenican, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumesin, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropine, fluometuron, fluorodifen, fluoroglycophene, fluoromidin, fluoronitrophen, fluotiuron, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanate, flupirsulfuron, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurtamone, flutiacet, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fosamine, furyloxifene, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glyphosate salts and esters, halosaphene, halosulfuron, haloxidin, haloxyfop, hexachloroacetone, hexaflurate, hexazinone, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodobonil, iodomethane, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-ethyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, ioxynil, ipazin, ipfencarbazone, ipri midam, isocarbamide, isocyl, isomethiosine, isonoruron, isopolynate, isopropalin, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortol, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, carbutylate, ketospiradox, lactofen, lenacyl, linuron, MAA, MAMA, esters and amines MCPA, MCPAthioethyl, MCRP, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, medinoterb, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesoprazine, mezosulfuron, mesotrione, metham, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metflurazone, metabenzthiazuron, metalpropalin, metazol, methiobencarb, methiozoline, methiuron, metometon, metoprotrin, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, methyl di mron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, methosulam, methoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, monalide, monisouron, monochloroacetic acid, monolinuron, monuron, morphamquat, MSMA, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, nipyraclofen, nitralin, nitrophen, nitrofluorfen, norflurazon, noru Ron, OSN , orbencarb, orthodichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazone, oxapyrazone, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraflufen-ethyl, parafluron, paraquat, pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxulam, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, petoxamide, phenizofam, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenylmercuracetate, pichloram, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, potassium arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, procyazine, prodiamine, profluazole, profluralin, profoxydim, proglinazine, prohexadione-calcium, prometone, prometrin , pronamide, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, profam, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, proxan, prinachlor, pydanone, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyrasulfotol, pyrazogyl, pyrazone, pyrazolinate, pyrazosulfuron, pyraz oxyphene, pyribenzoxime , piributicarb, pyrichlor, pyridafol, pyridate, pirif

- 55 045989 thalid, pyriminobac, pirimisulfan, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, piroxulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quinonamide, quizalofop, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rodetanil, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, S-metolachlor, sebutylazine , secbumetone, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simeton, symetrine, SMA, sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sulcotrione, sulfalate, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfosate, sulfosulfuron, sulfuric acid, sulglicapine, swep, TCA, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione , tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbumetone, terbutylazine, terbutryn, tetrafluron, tenylchlor, thiameturon, thiazafluron, thiazopyr, tidiazimine, tidiazuron, thiencarbazone, thifensulfuron, thiobencarb, thiaphenacyl, thiocarbazyl, thioclorim, tolpiralate, topramesone, tralkoxydim, triallate , triafamone, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tricambu, trichloropyr choline salt, trichloropyr esters and amines, tridifan, triethazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifludimoxazine, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, trifop, trifopsim, trihydroxytriazine, trimeturon, tripropindan, tritac, tritosulfuron, vernolate, xylach ENT ; as well as their salts, esters, optically active isomers and mixtures.

In some aspects, the additional pesticide or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof is provided in a premixed formulation with (a), (b), optionally (c), or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof is provided in a premixed formulation with the additional pesticide. In some aspects, the PS II inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, is premixed with an additional pesticide. In some aspects, the optional HPPD inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, if present, is premixed with the additional pesticide.

In some aspects, the compositions may include one or more herbicidal active ingredients in addition to (a), (b), and optionally (c). In some aspects, the compositions do not include a herbicidal active ingredient in addition to (a), (b), and optionally (c). In some aspects, the compositions may not include one or more of the above herbicidal active ingredients. In some aspects, the compositions may include one or more herbicidal active ingredients in addition to (a), (b), and optionally (c), but may not include one or more of the above herbicidal active ingredients.

2. Excipients

In some aspects, the additive includes an agriculturally acceptable excipient. Exemplary agriculturally acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, antifreezes, antifoams, compatibilizers, binding agents, neutralizing agents and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, colorants, fragrances, penetration enhancers, wetting agents, distribution aids, dispersants, thickeners, freezing point depressants, antimicrobial agents, crop oil aids, adhesives (for example for use in seed treatment formulations), surfactants, protective colloids, emulsifiers, tackifiers and their mixtures.

Exemplary agriculturally acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, crop oil excipient concentrates (eg, 85% mineral oil+15% emulsifiers); nonylphenol ethoxylates; benzylcocoalkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salts; mixtures of petroleum hydrocarbons, alkyl esters, organic acids and anionic surfactants; C ₉ -Calkyl polyglycoside; phosphoric acid and alcohol ethoxylates; natural primary (C ₁₂ -C16) alcohol ethoxylate; di-sec-butylphenol block copolymer EO-PO; methyl-terminated polysiloxane; nonylphenol ethoxylate + urea ammonium nitrates; emulsified methylated seed oils; tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylates (e.g. 8 EO); tallow amine ethoxylates (e.g. 15 EO) and PEG(400) dioleate-99.

Exemplary surfactants (e.g., wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants, emulsifiers) include, but are not limited to, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and ammonium salts of fatty acids or aromatic sulfonic acids (e.g., lignosulfonic acids, phenolsulfonic acids , naphthalenesulfonic acids and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid); alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates; alkyl sulfates, lauryl ether sulfates and fatty alcohol sulfates; salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols; salts of glycol ethers of fatty alcohols; condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde; condensates of naphthalene or naphthalene sulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde; polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether; ethoxylated polyglycol ether of isooctyl, octyl or nonylphenol, alkylphenyl or tributylphenyl; alkylaryl polyethers of alcohols; isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil; polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers; acetate

- 56 045989 polyglycol ether of lauryl alcohol; sorbitol esters; spent lignosulfite solution and proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides (for example, methylcellulose); hydrophobically modified starches and polyvinyl alcohol, polycarboxylates, polyalkoxylates, polyvinyl amine, polyethylenimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and their copolymers.

Exemplary thickeners include, but are not limited to, polysaccharides (eg, xanthan gum), organic and inorganic leaf silicates, and mixtures thereof.

Exemplary antifoams include, but are not limited to, silicone-based emulsions, long chain alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, organofluorine compounds, and mixtures thereof.

Exemplary antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to, dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformicides; isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkyl isothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones, and mixtures thereof.

Exemplary antifreezes include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, glycerin, and mixtures thereof.

Exemplary colorants include, but are not limited to, the dyes known as Rhodamine B, Pigment Blue 15:4, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Blue 15:2, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 80, Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Yellow 13, red pigment 112, red pigment 48:2, red pigment 48:1, red pigment 57:1, red pigment 53:1, orange pigment 43, orange pigment 34, orange pigment 5, green pigment 36, green pigment 7, white pigment 6, brown pigment 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108 and mixtures thereof.

Exemplary adhesives include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, tylose, and mixtures thereof.

3. Antidotes

In some aspects, the additive is an antidote. Antidotes are compounds that lead to better compatibility of the crop plant with the herbicide when it is applied. In some aspects, the antidote itself is herbicidal active. In some aspects, the antidote acts as an antidote or antagonist in crop plants and can protect the crop plant from damage that might otherwise occur due to application of the herbicide. Exemplary antidotes include, but are not limited to, AD67 (MON 4660), benoxacor, benthiocarb, brassinolide, cloquintoset, cloquintoset-mexil, ciometrinil, cyprosulfamide, daimuron, dichlormide, dicyclonone, dietolate, dimepiperate, disulfoton, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim , flurazole, fluxofenim , furilazole, harpin proteins, isoxadifen-ethyl, jiecaowan, jiecaosi, mefenpyr, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate, naphthalene anhydride, 2,2,5trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1 -oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane, oxabetrinyl, R29148 and N-phenylsulfonylbenzoic acid amides, as well as their agriculturally acceptable salts and, provided they contain a carboxyl group, their agriculturally acceptable derivatives . In some aspects, the antidote may be cloquintoset or an ester or salt thereof, such as cloquintoset-mexil. In some aspects, the antidote may be mefenpyr or an ester or salt thereof, such as mefenpyrdiethyl. In some aspects, the antidote is applied to rice, cereal or maize. For example, mefenpyr or cloquintoset can be used to counteract the adverse effects of the compositions on rice, row crops and cereal crops.

4. Media

In some aspects, the additive includes a carrier. In some aspects, the additive includes a liquid or solid carrier. In some aspects, the additive includes an organic or inorganic carrier. Exemplary liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, water, petroleum fractions or hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, aromatic solvents, paraffinic oils, and the like, vegetable oils such as soybean oil, canola oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil, etc., esters of the above vegetable oils, esters of monoalcohols or dibasic, tribasic or other lower polyalcohols ( containing 4-6 hydroxy groups), such as 2-ethylhexyl stearate, n-butyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol dioleate, dioctyl succinate, dibutyl adipate, dioctyl phthalate, etc., esters of mono-, di- and polycarboxylic acids, etc., toluene , xylene, ligroin, oil crop aid, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidinone; N,Ndimethylalkylamides, dimethyl sulfoxide and liquid fertilizers, as well as mixtures thereof. Exemplary solid supports include, but are not limited to, forms of silica, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin,

- 57 045989 limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, crushed synthetic substances, pyrophyllite clay, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, calcium carbonate, bentonite clay, fuller's earth, cotton seed hulls, wheat flour, soybean flour, pumice, wood flour, walnut flour, lignin, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, cereal flour, tree bark flour, wood and nut shell flour, powders based on cellulose and their mixtures.

B. Physical condition

In some aspects, a composition based on (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt or ester thereof, (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof or an ester and (c) an optional HPPD inhibitor herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof may be in suspended, emulsified, dissolved or solid forms. Illustrative formulations include, but are not limited to, aqueous solutions, aqueous suspensions, aqueous dispersions, aqueous emulsions, aqueous microemulsions, aqueous suspoemulsions, oil solutions, oil suspensions, oil dispersions, oil emulsions, oil microemulsions, oil suspoemulsions, self-emulsifying formulations, pastes, powders, dust preparations , granules and distribution materials.

In some aspects, (a), (b) and (c) are aqueous solutions that can be diluted before use. In various aspects, (a), (b), and optionally (c) may be provided as concentrated formulations, such as concentrates. In some aspects, the concentrate is stable and remains effective during storage and transportation. In various aspects, the concentrate is a clear, homogeneous liquid that is stable at temperatures of 54°C or higher. In some aspects, the concentrate does not exhibit any precipitation of solids at temperatures of -10° C. or higher. In some aspects, the concentrate does not experience separation, precipitation, or crystallization of any of the components at low temperatures. For example, the concentrate remains a clear solution at temperatures below 0°C (eg, below -5°C, below -10°C, below -15°C). In some aspects, the concentrate has a viscosity of less than 50 centipoise (50 megapascals), even at temperatures as low as 5°C. In some aspects, the concentrate does not experience separation, precipitation, or crystallization of any of the components during storage for a period of 2 weeks or longer (e.g., 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, or 12 months or longer).

In some aspects, emulsions, pastes, or oil dispersions can be prepared by homogenizing (a), (b), and optionally (c) in water with a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant, or emulsifier. In some aspects, concentrates suitable for dilution with water may be prepared comprising (a), (b), a wetting agent, a tackifier, and a dispersant or emulsifier.

In some aspects, powders, distribution materials, or particulate preparations can be prepared by mixing or simultaneously grinding (a), (b), and optionally (c), and optionally other additives with a solid carrier.

In some aspects, granules (eg, coated granules, impregnated granules, and homogeneous granules) can be prepared by binding (a), (b), and optionally (c) to solid supports.

In some aspects, the compositions contain from 1 to 99% (a) and 1 to 99% (b), (for example, 95% (a) and 5% (b); 70% (a) and 30% (b); or 40% (a) and 60% (b)) of the total weight of (a) and (b). In formulations intended for use as concentrates, (a) and (b) may be present in total amounts at a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 98 weight percent (wt.%) based on the total weight of the formulation. For example, (a) and (b) may be present in total concentrations of as little as about 1 wt.%, about 2.5 wt.%, about 5 wt.%, about 7.5 wt.%, about 10 wt. %, about 15 wt.%, about 20 wt.%, about 25 wt.%, about 30 wt.%, about 35 wt.%, about 40 wt.%, about 45 wt.%, to about 50 wt.% , approximately 55 wt.%, approximately 60 wt.%, approximately 65 wt.%, approximately 70 wt.%, approximately 75 wt.%, approximately 80 wt.%, approximately 85 wt.%, approximately 90 wt.%, approximately 95 wt.%, about 97 wt.%, or within any range defined by any two of the above values, for example from about 1 to about 97 wt.%, from about 10 to about 90 wt.%, from about 20 to about 45 wt.% and from about 25 to about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition. In some aspects, the compositions may contain from 1 to 98% (a), from 1 to 98% (b) and from 1 to 98% (c) (for example, 90% (a), 5% (b) and 5% ( c); 70% (a), 29% (b) and 1% (c) or 40% (a), 50% (b) and 10% (c)) of the total weight (a), (b) and (With). In formulations intended for use as concentrates, with respect to the total amount (a), (b) and optionally (c) may be present in a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 98 weight percent (wt.%) based on for the total weight of the composition. Before use, concentrates may be diluted with an inert carrier such as water. Diluted formulations applied to unwanted vegetation or the location of unwanted vegetation may contain from 0.0006 to 8.0 wt. % of the total amount of (a) and (b) (for example, from 0.001 to 5.0 wt.%) based on the total weight of the diluted composition.

C. Packaging

In some aspects, the composition may be in the form of a single package formulation containing: (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable N-oxide, salt, or ester thereof; (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and (c) optionally an HPPD inhibitor herbicide. In some aspects, the composition may be presented in the form of a single package composition containing (a), (b), and optionally (c), and further containing at least one additive. In some aspects, the composition may be in the form of a formulation in multiple packages, such as in the form of a composition in two packages, where one package contains (a) and optionally at least one additive, while the other package contains (b), optionally (c) and optionally at least one additive. In some aspects, in the case of a two-pack formulation, the formulation comprising (a), and optionally at least one additive, and the formulation comprising (b), optionally (c), and optionally at least one additive, are mixed before use and then administered simultaneously. In some aspects, the composition may be in the form of a three-pack formulation, where one package contains (a) and optionally at least one additive, a second package contains (b) and optionally at least one additive, and a third package contains (c) and optionally at least one additive. at least one additive. In some aspects, in the case of a three-pack formulation, a formulation comprising (a) and optionally at least one additive, a formulation containing (b) and optionally at least one additive, and a formulation comprising (c) and optionally at least one additive one additive, mixed before use and then used simultaneously. In some aspects, mixing is carried out as a tank mix (eg, the formulations are mixed immediately before or after dilution with water). In some aspects, the composition containing (a), the composition containing (b), and optionally the composition containing (c) are not mixed, but are applied sequentially, for example, immediately or within 1 hour, within 2 hours , within 4 hours, within 8 hours, within 16 hours, within 24 hours, within 2 days or within 3 days between.

VII. Methods of application

The compositions disclosed herein can be used in any known herbicide application technique. Exemplary application techniques include, but are not limited to, atomizing, misting, dusting, spreading, or direct application to water. The method of application may vary depending on the intended purpose. In some aspects, the method of application can be selected to provide the best possible distribution of the compositions described herein.

In some aspects, a method of controlling unwanted vegetation that involves contacting the vegetation or its habitat with any of the compositions or applying it to soil or water to prevent the emergence or growth of vegetation is disclosed herein.

The compositions disclosed herein can be applied pre-emergence (before the emergence of unwanted vegetation) or post-emergence (eg, during and/or after the emergence of unwanted vegetation). In some aspects, the composition is applied post-emergence to unwanted vegetation. In some aspects, a pyridine carboxylate herbicide, a PS II inhibitor herbicide, and optionally an HPPD inhibitor herbicide are used simultaneously. In some aspects, the pyridine carboxylate herbicide, the PS II inhibitor herbicide, and optionally the HPPD inhibitor herbicide are applied sequentially, e.g., without or with minimal delay, within about 10 minutes, within about 20 minutes , within approximately 30 minutes, within approximately 40 minutes, within approximately 1 hour, within approximately 2 hours, within approximately 4 hours, within approximately 8 hours, within approximately 16 hours, within approximately 24 hours, within within approximately 2 days or within approximately 3 days.

When the compositions are used in agricultural crops, the compositions can be applied after sowing and before or after emergence of the crop plants. In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein exhibit good tolerance to the crop, even if the crop has already emerged, and can be applied during or after the crop has emerged. In some aspects, if the compositions are used in crops, the compositions can be applied before planting the crop plants.

In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein are applied to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or are applied to soil or water with

- 59 045989 for the purpose of preventing the emergence or growth of vegetation by spraying (for example, spraying leaves). In some aspects, spray techniques use, for example, water as a carrier and spray at volume levels ranging from 2 liters per hectare (L/ha) to 2000 L/ha (for example, 10-1000 L/ha or 50-500 L /ha). In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein are administered in a low-volume or ultra-low-volume manner, in which application is in the form of microbeads. In some aspects, if the compositions disclosed herein are not well tolerated by certain crop plants, the compositions can be applied using a spray device such that they come into little or no contact with the leaves of sensitive crop plants, while reaching the leaves of unwanted vegetation growing below or on bare soil (for example, post-emergence directional treatment or laying). In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein can be administered in the form of dry formulations (eg, granules, powders, or dusts).

In some aspects, if unwanted vegetation is treated after emergence, the compositions described herein are applied through foliar application. In some aspects, the compounds in the mixture exhibit herbicidal activity when applied directly to the plant or plant site at any stage of growth, or prior to planting or emergence. The observed effect may depend on the type of unwanted vegetation being controlled, the growth stage of the unwanted vegetation, application parameters such as dilution and droplet size of the spray liquid, particle size of the solid components, environmental conditions during application, the specific compound used, the specific excipients used and media, soil type, etc., and the amount of chemical used. In some aspects, these and other factors can be adjusted to provide non-selective or selective herbicidal effects.

The compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used to control unwanted vegetation in a variety of applications. The compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used to control unwanted vegetation in areas including, but not limited to, agricultural lands, lawn, pastures, meadows, natural grasslands, fallow land, rights-of-way, water installations, trees and vineyards, and nature reserves. or natural pastures. In some aspects, control of unwanted vegetation is carried out in a row crop. Exemplary crops include, but are not limited to, wheat, barley, triticale, rye, teff, oats, maize, cotton, soybeans, sorghum, rice, millet, sugarcane, and natural pasture (eg, pasture grasses). In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used to control unwanted vegetation in maize, wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, millet, oat species, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used to control unwanted vegetation in broadleaf crops. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used to control unwanted vegetation in canola, flax, sunflower, soybean, or cotton crops. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used for industrial vegetation control (IVM) or utility right-of-way, pipeline, roadside, and railroad applications. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can also be used in forestry applications (eg, for site preparation or for controlling unwanted vegetation in planted forests). In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used to control unwanted vegetation on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, plantations, vineyards, meadows, and grasses grown for seed. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used on artificial lawns (eg, residential, industrial, and institutional), golf courses, parks, cemeteries, athletic fields, and turf farms.

The compositions and methods disclosed herein can also be used in crop plants that are resistant to, for example, herbicides, pathogens and/or insects. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used in crop plants that have been rendered resistant to one or more herbicides through genetic engineering or breeding. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used in crop plants that are resistant to one or more pathogens, such as plant pathogenic fungi, due to the use of genetic engineering or breeding. In some aspects, the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be used in crop plants that are resistant to insect attack due to genetic engineering or breeding. Exemplary resistant crops include, but are not limited to, crops that are resistant to photosystem II inhibitors or crops that, due to introduction by genetic modification

- 60 045989 tions of the Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) toxin gene are resistant to attack by certain insects. In some aspects, the compositions and methods described herein can also be used in combination with glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, phenoxyauxins, pyridyloxyauxins, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, imidazolinones, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, 4 -hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, triazines and bromoxynil for vegetation control in crops with tolerance to glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, phenoxyauxins, pyridyloxyauxins, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, ACCase inhibitors, imidazolinones, synthetic herbicides auxin, HPPD inhibitors, PPO inhibitors, triazines, bromoxynil or combinations thereof. In some aspects, unwanted vegetation is controlled in crops with tolerance to glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, phenoxyauxins, pyridyloxyauxins, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, ACCase inhibitors, synthetic auxin herbicides, HPPD inhibitors, PPO inhibitors, triazines, and bromoxynil, having one or more or packaged features conferring tolerance to one or more chemicals and/or multiple mechanisms of action. In some aspects, unwanted vegetation can be controlled in a crop that is tolerant to ACCase, ALS, or a combination thereof. The combination of (a), (b) and optionally (c) can be used in combination with one or more herbicides that are selective for the crop to be treated and that complement the spectrum of weeds that the compounds control at the applied application rate. In some aspects, the compositions described herein and other complementary herbicides are applied at the same time, either as a combination formulation, tank mix, or sequential applications. The compositions and methods can be used in the control of undesirable vegetation in crops having tolerance to agronomic stress (including, but not limited to, drought, cold, heat, salinity, water, nutrients, fertility, pH), tolerance to pests (including, but not limited to insects). , fungi and pathogens) and signs of crop improvement (including, but not limited to, yield; protein, carbohydrate or oil content; protein, carbohydrate or oil composition; plant structure and plant architecture).

In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein can be used to control unwanted vegetation, including grasses, broadleaf weeds, sedge weeds, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein can be used to control unwanted vegetation, including, but not limited to, Polygonum spp., Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp., Sida spp., Ambrosia spp., Cyperus spp., Setaria spp., Sorghum spp., Acanthospermum spp., Anthemis spp. , Atriplex spp., Brassica spp., Cirsium spp., Convolvulus spp., Conyza spp., Cassia spp., Commelina spp., Datura spp., Euphorbia spp., Geranium spp., Galinsoga spp., Ipomea spp., Lamium spp., Lolium spp., Malva spp., Matricaria spp., Prosopis, Rumex spp., Sisymbrium spp., Solanum spp., Trifolium spp., Xanthium spp., Veronica spp., and Fiola spp. In some aspects, undesirable vegetation includes Stellaria media, Abutilon theophrasti, Sesbania exaltata Cory, Anoda cristata, Bidens pilosa, Brassica kaber, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Centaurea cyanus or Cyanus segetum), common rosebush (Galeopsis tetrahit), bedstraw (Galium aparine), common sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Desmodium tortuosum, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), kochia scoparia, Medicago arabica, Mercurialis annua, Myosotis arvensis , self-seeded poppy (Papaver rhoeas), Raphanus raphanistrum, blunt-leaved sorrel (Rumex obtusifolius), Russian solyanka (Salsola kali), field mustard (Sinapis arvensis), Sonchus arvensis, Thlaspi arvense, Tagetes minuta, Richardia brasiliensis, Plantago major, Plantago lanceolata, Persian speedwell (Veronica persica), amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus), winter rapeseed (Brassica napus), white pigweed (Chenopodium album), field thistle (Cirsium arvense), edible milkweed (Cyperus esculentus), spurge (Euphorbia heterophylla), wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola), purple lamium (Lamium purpureum), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), odorless chamomile (Matricaria inodora), navel (Anthemis arvensis), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), knotweed (Polygonum convulvus), Faber's foxtail ( Setaria faberi), green bristle grass (Setaria viridis), common sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), tricolor violet (Viola tricolor) or combinations thereof.

The compositions described herein can be used to control weeds that are resistant or tolerant to a herbicide. Methods using the compositions described herein can also be used to control weeds with herbicide resistance or tolerance. Exemplary weeds with resistance or tolerance include, but are not limited to, biotypes with resistance or tolerance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors (e.g., imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, pyrimidinylthiobenzoates, triazolopyrimidines, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones), photosystem II inhibitors (e.g., phenylcar bamatam, pyridazinones, tria

- 61 045989 zines, triazinones, uracils, amides, ureas, benzothiadiazinones, nitriles, phenylpyridazines), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (for example, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, cyclohexanediones, phenylpyrazolines), synthetic auxins (for example, benzoic acids, phenoxycarboxylic acids) acids, pyridine carboxylates, quinoline carboxylic acids), auxin transport inhibitors (e.g. phthalamates, semicarbazones), photosystem I inhibitors (e.g. bipyridylium), 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors (e.g. glyphosate), glutamine synthetase inhibitors (e.g. glufosinate , bialaphos), microtubule assembly inhibitors (e.g. benzamides, benzoic acids, dinitroanilines, phosphoramidates, pyridines), mitosis inhibitors (e.g. carbamates), very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) inhibitors (e.g. acetamides, chloroacetamides, oxyacetamides, tetrazolinones ), fatty acid and lipid synthesis inhibitors (e.g. phosphorodithioates, thiocarbamates, benzofurans, chlorocarbonic acids), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors (e.g. diphenylethers, Nphenylphthalimides, oxadiazoles, oxazolidinediones, phenylpyrazolams, pyrimidinediones, thiadiazolams, triazolinones), car biosynthesis inhibitors otinoids ( e.g. clomazone, amitrol, aclonifen), phytoene desaturase (PS II) inhibitors (e.g. amides, anilidex, furanones, phenoxybutanamides, pyridiazinones, pyridines), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors (e.g. callistemons, isoxazolams, pyrazolams, triketones), cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (eg, nitriles, benzamides, quinclorac, triazolocarboxamides), herbicides with multiple modes of action such as quinclorac, and unclassified herbicides such as arylaminopropionic acids, difenzoquat, endothal, and organoarsenic compounds. Exemplary weeds with resistance or tolerance include, but are not limited to, biotypes with resistance or tolerance to multiple herbicides, biotypes with resistance or tolerance to multiple classes of chemicals, biotypes with resistance or tolerance to multiple mechanisms of herbicidal action, and biotypes with multiple mechanisms resistance or tolerance (eg, target site resistance or metabolic resistance).

Below, for purposes of non-limiting illustration, examples of certain aspects of the present invention are provided. Parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise noted.

Examples

Greenhouse test procedure - assessment of post-emergence herbicidal effect

Seeds of the required species of the studied plants were planted in a mixture of 90:10% v/v. (volume/volume) PRO-MIX® BX (Premier Tech Horticulture, Quakertown, PA, USA) and PROFILE® GREENS GRADE™ planting mixes (Profile Products LLC, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA), which typically characterized by a pH value of 5.2 to 6.2 and an organic content of at least 50%, in plastic pots with a surface area of 103.2 square centimeters (cm ² ). In some aspects, fungicide and/or other chemical or physical treatments are used to ensure proper germination and healthy plants. Plants were grown for 7–36 days (d) in a greenhouse with an approximately 14-hour (h) photoperiod in which the temperature was maintained at approximately 23°C during the day and 22°C during the night. Nutrients and water were added regularly and supplemental lighting was provided as needed using ceiling-mounted 1000-watt metal halide lamps. Plants were used for testing when they reached the second or third true leaf stage.

Emulsifiable concentrates of each pyridine carboxylate herbicide (Compound A or Compound B) were prepared at a concentration of 100 grams acid equivalent per liter (g eq/L). Emulsifiable concentrates also included the antidote, cloquintocet-mexil, at a concentration of 120 g of active ingredient per liter (g ai/l), unless otherwise noted below. An aliquot of each emulsifiable concentrate was placed in a 25 mL glass vial and diluted with an aqueous mixture of 1.25% (v/v) ACTIROB® B esterified rapeseed oil (Bayer Crop Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) or MSO® Concentrate with LECI-TECH® methylated soybean oil (Loveland Products, Loveland, CO, USA) to produce concentrated stock solutions at the highest application rate for each herbicide, based on an application volume of 12 milliliters (ml) at a rate of 187 liters per hectare ( l/ha). The concentrated stock solutions were further diluted with a 1.25% v/v aqueous mixture. ACTIROB® B or MSO® Concentrate with LECI-TECH® to produce stock solutions with reduced application rates for each herbicide. Spray solutions of herbicidal compositions (Compound A or Compound B with a PS-II inhibitor herbicide and an optional HPPD herbicide) were prepared by adding weighed amounts or aliquots of a PS-II inhibitor herbicide and an optional herbicide is an HPPD inhibitor, to the original solutions of compound A or compound B to obtain 12 ml of solutions for spraying in two-component or three-component combinations.

- 62 045989

Spray solutions were applied to the plant material using a Mandel down-jet sprayer equipped with 8002E nozzles calibrated to deliver 187 L/ha to an application area of 0.503 square meters (m ² ) at a spray height of 18 inches ( 43 centimeters (cm)) above the average plant canopy. Control plants were sprayed in the same way using solvent blank. All application rates for herbicides based on pyridine carboxylate (component a) are given in g equivalent. l./ha, and all application rates for PS II inhibitor herbicides (component b) and HPPD inhibitor herbicides (component c) are given in ha. i./ha.

Treated plants and control plants were placed in a greenhouse as described above and watered by subsurface irrigation to prevent leaching of test compounds. After 2022 days, the condition of the studied plants was visually determined in comparison with that of the control plants and assessed on a scale from 0 to 100 percent, where 0 corresponds to the absence of lesions and 100 corresponds to complete destruction.

Details of the compositions and crops tested are detailed in the following examples.

Example 1.

Compositions containing Compound A and the PS II inhibitor herbicide bromoxynil were tested on undesirable vegetation species including winter rape (BRSNW, Brassica napus), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), field mustard (SINAR, Sinapis arvensis), Russian solyanka (SASKR, Salsola kali), kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.), amaranth (AMARE, Amaranthus retroflexus), chamomile (MATCH, Matricaria chamomilla) and thistle (CIRAR, Cirsium arvense), in order to determine the effectiveness of the compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. The compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the compositions to each crop was measured.

The results are summarized in table. 1 below.

Table 1. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and bromoxynil on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Bromoxynil 0 0 140 140 140 BRSNW 35 43 10 92 87 POLCO 78 93 100 78 97 SINAR 88 90 10 97 94 SASKR 60 63 75 73 73 KCHSC 63 63 38 73 75 CHEAL 88 93 0 73 75 AMARE 78 73 5 75 88 MATCH 20 thirty 5 10 15 CIRAR thirty 40 45 83 98 TRZAS 0 0 0 0 0 HORVS 0 0 0 0 0

g/ha=grams per hectare

BKSNW=Brassica napus (winter rapeseed)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

SINAR=Sinapis arvensis (field mustard)

SASKR=Salsola kali (Russian solyanka)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

AMARE=Amaranthus retroflexus (amaranth)

MATCH=Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile)

CIRAR=drsium arvense (field thistle)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORVS=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 2.

Compositions containing compound A and metribuzin were tested on types of undesirable vegetation, including spring rape (BRSNN, Brassica napus), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), field mustard (SINAR, Sinapis arvensis), Russian solyanka (SASKR, Salsola kali) , kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.) and chamomile (MATCH, Matricaria chamomilla), in order to determine the effectiveness of the compositions against these species

- 63 045989 unwanted vegetation. The compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the compositions to each crop was measured.

The results are summarized in table. 2 below.

Table 2. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and metribuzin on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Metribuzin 0 0 25 25 25 BRSNW 35 43 0 86 89 POLCO 78 93 0 72 80 SINAR 88 90 18 95 99 SASKR 60 63 0 65 70 KCHSC 63 63 0 55 65 CHEAL 88 93 3 95 88 AMARE 78 73 0 80 88 MATCH 20 thirty 0 5 0 CIRAR thirty 40 3 thirty thirty TRZAS 0 0 0 0 0 HORVS 0 0 0 0 0

g/ha=grams per hectare

BRSNW=Brassica napus (winter rapeseed)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

SINAR=Sinapis arvensis (field mustard)

SASKR=Salsola kali (Russian solyanka)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

AMARE=Amaranthus retroflexus (amaranth)

MATCH=Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile)

CIRAR=drsium arvense (field thistle)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORVS=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 3.

Compositions containing compound A and amicarbazone were tested on types of undesirable vegetation, including spring rape (BRSNN, Brassica napus), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), field mustard (SINAR, Sinapis arvensis), Russian solyanka (SASKR, Salsola kali) , kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia) and white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.), in order to determine the effectiveness of the compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. The compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the compositions to each crop was measured.

The results are summarized in table. 3 below.

Table 3. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and amicarbazone on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Amicarbazone 0 0 175 175 175 BRSNN Observable 55 60 38 78 88 Expected -- -- -- 72 75 P 6 13 POLCO Observable 70 78 10 73 100 Expected -- -- -- 73 80 R -1 20 SINAR Observable 88 92 25 100 85 Expected -- -- -- 91 94 R 9 -9 SASKR Observable 45 60 0 68 65 Expected - -- -- 45 60 R 23 5 KCHSC Observable 50 58 25 68 70

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Expected - - - 63 68 R 5 2 CHEAL Observable 70 83 38 95 100 Expected - - - 81 89 R 14 AND TRZAS Observable 0 0 5 5 4 Expected - - - 5 5 R 0 -1 HORVS Observable 8 0 28 thirty thirty Expected - - - 33 28 R -3 3

g/ha=grams per hectare

BRSNN=Brassica napus (spring rapeseed)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

SINAR=Sinapis arvensis (field mustard)

SASKR=Salsola kali (Russian solyanka)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORV S=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 4.

Compositions containing Compound A and atrazine were tested on unwanted vegetation species including VIOTR (Viola tricolor), spring rape (BRSNN, Brassica napus), empty oats (AVEFA, Avena fatua) and ALOMY (Alopecurus myosuroides). , in order to determine the effectiveness of the compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation.

The results are summarized in table. 4 below.

Table 4. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of Compound A and atrazine on weeds

Application rate (g/ha) Compound A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Atrazine 0 0 450 450 450 VIOTR BRSNN Observable 45 15 20 45 40 Expected P Observed Expected 23 45 28 56 -AND 73 44 32 8 73 60 R 29 12 AVEFA Observable 0 0 13 23 35 Expected - - - 13 13 R 10 23 ALOMY Observable 0 0 25 thirty 35 Expected - - - 25 25 R 5 10

g/ha=grams per hectare

VIOTR=Viola tricolor (tricolor violet)

BRSNN=Brassica napus (spring rapeseed)

AVEFA=Avena fatua (empty oats)

ALOMY=Alopecurus myosuroides (foxtail mousetail)

Example 5.

Compositions containing Compound A and bentazone were tested on species of unwanted vegetation, including spring rape (BRSNN, Brassica napus) and knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), in order to determine the effectiveness of the compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. The compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the compositions to each crop was measured.

The results are summarized in table. 5 below.

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Table 5. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and bentazone on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Compound A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Bentazon 0 0 51.5 51.5 51.5 BRSNN Observable 55 73 thirty 83 94 Expected - - - 69 81 R 14 13 POLCO Observable 78 86 20 83 98 Expected - - - 82 89 R 1 9 TRZAS Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 HORVS Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0

g/ha=grams per hectare

BRSNN=Brassica napus (spring rapeseed)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORVS=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 6.

Compositions containing Compound A and propanil were tested on undesirable vegetation species, including Abutilon theophrasti, POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus, CIRAR, Cirsium arvense, and SORVU, Sorghum vulgare. , soybean (GLXMA, Glycine max) and morning glory (IPOHE, Ipomoea hederacea), in order to determine the effectiveness of the compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation.

The results are summarized in table. 6 below.

Table 6. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and propanil on weeds

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Propanil 0 0 5 5 5 ABUTH Observable 68 80 10 88 60 Expected - - - 71 82 R 17 -22 POLCO Observable 83 93 20 97 85 Expected - - - 86 94 R AND -9 CIRAR Observable 40 60 28 68 60 Expected - - - 57 71 R AND -AND SORVU Observable 0 0 15 13 25 Expected - - - 15 15 R -3 10 GLXMA Observable 80 90 23 99 100 Expected - - - 85 92 R 15 8 IPOHE Observable 20 25 38 65 60 Expected - - - 50 53 R 15 7

g/ha=grams per hectare

ABUTH=Abutilon theophrasti POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus CIRAR=Cirsium arvense SORVU=Sorghum vulgare GLXMA=Glycine max (soybean)

WOHE=Ipomoea hederacea

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Example 7.

Compositions containing compound A and pyridate were tested on species of undesirable vegetation, including spring rape (BRSNN, Brassica napus), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), field mustard (SINAR, Sinapis arvensis), Russian solyanka (SASKR, Salsola kali) , kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.) and chamomile (MATCH, Matricaria chamomilla), in order to determine the effectiveness of the compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. The compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the compositions to each crop was measured.

The results are summarized in table. 7 below.

Table 7. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and pyridate on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Pyridate 0 0 125 125 125 BRSNN Observable 55 60 15 78 78 Expected - - - 62 66 P 16 12 POLCO Observable 70 78 0 78 93 Expected - - - 70 78 R 8 15 SINAR Observable 88 92 0 95 97 Expected - - - 88 92 R 8 5 SASKR Observable 45 60 0 60 68 Expected - - - 45 60 R 15 8 KCHSC Observable 50 58 0 63 63 Expected - - - 50 58 R 13 5 CHEAL Observable 70 83 0 85 83 Expected - - - 70 83 R 15 0 TRZAS Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 HORVS Observable 8 0 5 8 15 Expected - - - 12 5 R -5 10

g/ha=grams per hectare

BRSNN=Brassica napus (spring rapeseed)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

SINAR=Sinapis arvensis (field mustard)

SASKR=Salsola kali (Russian solyanka)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORVS=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 8.

Herbicidal compositions containing Compound B and bromoxynil were tested on species of unwanted vegetation, including Euphorbia heterophylla (EPHHL), Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH), Polygonum convolvulus (POLCO), Cirsium arvense (CIRAR) ), spring rape (BRSNN, Brassica napus), Faber's bristle grass (SETFA, Setariafaberi), kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), tricolor violet (VIOTR, Viola tricolor), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.) and chickweed ( STEME, Stellaria media), to determine the effectiveness of herbicide compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation.

The results are summarized in table. 8 below.

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Table 8. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of Compound B and bromoxynil on weeds

Application rate (g/ha) Connection B 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Bromoxynil 0 0 140 140 140 EPHHL Observable 83 99 thirty 99 100 Expected - - - 88 99 R AND 1 ABUTH Observable 68 68 thirty 85 80 Expected - -- -- 77 77 R 8 3 POLCO Observable 73 80 55 100 100 Expected - -- -- 88 91 R 12 9 CIRAR Observable 45 45 60 100 100 Expected -- - - 78 78 R 22 22 BRSNN Observable 68 85 3 88 95 Expected -- - - 68 85 R 19 10 SETFA Observable 70 55 0 70 85 Expected -- - - 70 55 R 0 thirty KCHSC Observable 68 80 35 96 100 Expected -- - - 79 87 R 17 13 VIOTR Observable 10 40 0 25 60 Expected -- - - 10 40 R 15 20 CHEAL Observable 85 90 48 100 99 Expected -- - - 92 95 R 8 4 STEM Observable 100 93 0 100 100 Expected -- - - 100 93 R 0 8

g/ha=grams per hectare

EPHHL=Euphorbia heterophylla (spurge)

ABUTH=Abutilon theophrasti (Theophrastus's rope)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

CIRAR=Cirsium arvense (Cirsium arvense)

BRSNN=Brassica napus (spring rapeseed)

SETFA=Setariafaberi (Faber's bristleweed)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

VIOTR=Viola tricolor (tricolor violet)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

STEME=Stellaria media

Example 9.

Herbicidal compositions containing compound A and tebuthiuron were tested on types of unwanted vegetation, including amaranth (AMARE, Amaranthus retroflexus), winter rapeseed (BRSNW, Brassica napus), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.), thistle (CIRAR, drsium arvense), kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), chamomile (MATCH, Matricaria chamomilla), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus) and field mustard (SINAR, Sinapis arvensis), to determine the effectiveness of herbicide compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. The herbicidal compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the herbicidal compositions to each crop was measured.

The results are summarized in table. 9 below.

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Table 9. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and tebuthiuron on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Tebuthiuron 0 0 280 280 280 AMARE Observable 70 90 88 95 98 Expected - - - 96 99 P -1 -1 BRSNW Observable 63 68 45 91 95 Expected - - - 79 82 R 12 13 CHEAL Observable 70 78 98 100 100 Expected - - - 99 99 R 1 1 CIRAR Observable 18 thirty 40 80 68 Expected - - - 51 58 R thirty 10 KCHSC Observable 65 70 23 78 88 Expected - - - 73 77 R 5 AND MATCH Observable 18 thirty 25 40 40 Expected - - - 38 48 R 2 -8

POLCO Observable 60 70 40 100 98 Expected - - - 76 82 R 24 16 SINAR Observable 85 88 35 85 100 Expected - - - 90 92 R -5 8 TRZAS Observable 0 0 0 10 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 10 0 HORVS Observable 0 0 28 35 40 Expected - - - 28 28 R 8 13

g/ha=grams per hectare

AMARE=Amaranthus retroflexus (amaranth)

BRSNW=Brassica napus (winter rapeseed)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

CIRAR=Cirsium arvense (Cirsium arvense)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

MATCH=Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

SINAR=Sinapis arvensis (field mustard)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORVS=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 10.

Herbicidal compositions containing compound A and bromacil were tested on types of unwanted vegetation, including amaranth (AMARE, Amaranthus retroflexus), winter rapeseed (BRSNW, Brassica napus), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.), thistle (CIRAR, drsium arvense), kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), chamomile (MATCH, Matricaria chamomilla), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), Russian solyanka (SASKR, Salsola kali) and field mustard (SINAR, Sinapis arvensis), to determine the effectiveness herbicidal compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. The herbicidal compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the herbicidal compositions to each crop was measured.

The results are summarized in table. 10 below.

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Table 10. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and bromacil on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Bromacil 0 0 900 900 900 AMARE Observable 90 85 20 98 96 Expected - - - 92 88 P 6 8 BRSNW Observable 35 40 5 65 75 Expected - - - 38 43 R 27 32 CHEAL Observable 75 80 53 95 98 Expected - - - 88 91 R 7 7 CIRAR Observable 40 55 18 68 80 Expected - - - 51 63 R 17 17 KCHSC Observable 70 70 91 96 97 Expected - - - 97 97 R -1 0 MATCH Observable 10 20 5 48 45 Expected - - - 15 24 R 33 21 POLCO Observable thirty 43 10 75 80 Expected - - - 37 48 R 38 32 SASKR Observable 60 63 25 78 85 Expected - - - 70 72 R 8 13 SINAR Observable 83 88 35 94 97 Expected - - - 89 92 R 5 5 TRZAS Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 HORVS Observable 0 0 10 0 0 Expected - - - 10 10 R -10 -10

g/ha=grams per hectare

AMARE=Amaranthus retroflexus (amaranth) BRSNW=Brassica napus (winter rapeseed) CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

CIRAR=drsium arvense (field thistle)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

MATCH=Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

SASKR=Salsola kali (Russian solyanka)

SINAR=Sinapis arvensis (field mustard)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORVS=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 11.

Herbicidal compositions containing compound A and desmedipham were tested on types of unwanted vegetation, including amaranth (AMARE, Amaranthus retroflexus), winter rape (BRSNW, Brassica napus), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.), thistle (CIRAR, Cirsium arvense), kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), chamomile (MATCH, Matricaria chamomilla), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), Russian solyanka (SASKR, Salsola kali) and field mustard (SINAR, Sinapis arvensis), to determine the effectiveness of herbicidal compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. Herbicidal compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the herbicidal compositions to each crop was measured.

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The results are summarized in table. 11 below.

Table 11. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and desmedipham against weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Desmediphs 0 0 162.5 162.5 162.5 Observable 90 85 15 93 90 AMARE Expected - - - 92 87 P 1 3 Observable 35 40 0 40 38 BRSNW Expected - - - 35 40 R 5 -3 Observable 75 80 0 83 83 CHEAL Expected - - - 75 80 R 8 5 Observable 40 55 10 55 58 CIRAR Expected - - - 46 60 R 9 -2 Observable 70 70 0 75 75 KCHSC Expected - - - 70 70 R 5 5 Observable 10 20 0 45 40 MATCH Expected - - - 10 20 R 35 20 Observable thirty 43 0 60 60 POLCO Expected - - - thirty 43 R thirty 18 Observable 60 63 0 75 75 SASKR Expected - - - 60 63 R 15 13 Observable 83 88 0 93 94 SINAR Expected - - - 83 88 R 10 7 Observable 0 0 0 0 0 TRZAS Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 Observable 0 0 0 0 0 HORVS Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0

g/ha=grams per hectare

AMARE=Amamnthus retroflexus (amaranth)

BRSNW=Brassica napus (winter rapeseed)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

CIRAR=Cirsium arvense (Cirsium arvense)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

MATCH=Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile)

VOLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

SASKR=Salsola kali (Russian solyanka)

SINAR=Sinapis arvensis (field mustard)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORVS=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 12.

Herbicidal compositions containing compound A and diuron were tested on types of unwanted vegetation, including amaranth (AMARE, Amaranthus retroflexus), winter rape (BRSNW, Brassica napus), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.), and thistle (CIRAR, Cirsium arvense), kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), chamomile (MATCH, Matricaria chamomilla), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), Russian solyanka (SASKR, Salsola kali) and field mustard (SINAR, Sinapis arvensis), to determine the effectiveness herbicidal compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. Herbicidal compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and spring barley (HORVS) and the phytotoxicity of the herbicidal compositions was measured in relation to each crop.

The results are summarized in table. 12 below.

Table 12. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and diuron on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Connection A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Diuron 0 0 220 220 220 AMARE Observable 90 85 98 100 99 Expected - - - 100 100 P 0 -1 BRSNW Observable 35 40 5 43 43 Expected - - - 38 43 R 4 -1 CHEAL Observable 75 80 100 100 100 Expected - - - 100 100 R 0 0 CIRAR Observable 40 55 40 79 75 Expected - - - 64 73 R 15 2 KCHSC Observable 70 70 90 98 98 Expected - - - 97 97 R 1 1 MATCH Observable 10 20 15 25 20 Expected - - - 24 32 R 2 -12 POLCO Observable thirty 43 5 73 78 Expected - - - 34 45 R 39 32 SASKR Observable 60 63 40 95 95 Expected - - - 76 78 R 19 18 SINAR Observable 83 88 5 93 80 Expected - - - 83 88 R 9 -8 TRZAS Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 HORVS Observable 0 0 10 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0

g/ha=grams per hectare

AMARE=Amaranthus retroflexus (amaranth)

BRSNW=Brassica napus (winter rapeseed)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

CIRAR=Cirsium arvense (Cirsium arvense)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

MATCH=Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

SASKR=Salsola kali (Russian solyanka)

SINAR=Sinapis arvensis (field mustard)

TRZAS=Triticum aestivum (spring wheat)

HORV S=Hordeum vulgare (spring barley)

Example 13.

Herbicidal compositions containing Compound A, a PS-II inhibitor herbicide, bromoxynil, and an HPPD inhibitor herbicide, pyrasulfotol, were tested on species of undesirable vegetation, including thistle (CIRAR, Cirsium arvense), spring rape (BRSNN, Brassica napus), Faber's bristle grass (SETFA, Setaria faberi), edible sorrel (CYPES, Cyperus esculentus), blunt-leaved dock (RUMOB, Rumex obtusifolius), soybean (GLXMA, Glycine max), chickweed (STEME, Stellaria media), Theophrastus's rope ( ABUTH, Abutilon theophrasti), bindweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus) and amaranth (AMARE, Amaranthus retroflexus), to determine the effectiveness of herbicide compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation. The herbicidal compositions were also tested on spring wheat (TRZAS) and maize (ZEAMX, Zea mays) and the phytotoxicity of the herbicidal compositions to each crop was measured.

The results are summarized in table. 13 below.

Table 13. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of Compound A, bromoxynil and pyrasulfotole on weeds and grain crops

Application rate (g/ha) Compound A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Bromoxynil 0 0 8.9 8.9 8.9 Pyrasulfotol 0 0 1.1 1.1 1.1 CIRAR Observable 40 60 83 100 99 Expected - - - 90 93 R AND 6 BRSNN Observable 65 65 73 88 90 Expected - - - 90 90 R -3 0 SETFA Observable 78 80 10 85 85 Expected - - - 80 82 R 5 3 CYPES Observable thirty 8 0 53 60 Expected - - - thirty 8 R 23 53 RUMOB Observable 20 13 68 88 100 Expected - - - 74 72 R 14 28 GLXMA Observable 80 90 60 100 100 Expected - - - 92 96 R 8 4 STEM Observable 89 90 75 98 95 Expected - - - 97 98

R 0 -3 ABUTH Observable 68 80 83 95 100 Expected - - - 94 97 R 1 4 POLCO Observable 83 93 83 100 100 Expected - - - 97 99 R 3 1 AMARE Observable 88 88 60 95 98 Expected - - - 95 95 R 0 3 TRZAS Observable 5 3 0 5 0 Expected - - - 5 3 R 0 -3 ZEAMX Observable 0 0 0 10 20 Expected - - - 0 0 R 10 20

g/ha=grams per hectare

CIRAR=Cirsium arvense (field thistle) BRSNN=Brassica napus (spring rapeseed) SETFA=Setariafaberi (Faber's bristleweed) CYPES=Cyperus esculentus (edible sorrel) RUMOB=Rumex obtusifolius (sorrel) GLXMA=Glycine max (soybean)

STEME=Stellaria media ABUTH=Abutilon theophrasti POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus AMARE=Amaranthus retroflexus TRZAS=Triticum aestivum ZEAMX=Zea mays

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Example 14.

Compositions containing Compound A (without the antidote cloquintocet-mexil), a PS-II inhibitor herbicide, bromoxynil, and a synthetic auxin herbicide, 2,4-D, were tested on species of unwanted vegetation, including violet tricolor (VIOTR, Viola tricolor), chickweed (STEME, Stellaria media), morning glory (IPOHE, Ipomoea hederacea), thistle (CIRAR, Cirsium arvense), Theophrastus rope (ABUTH, Abutilon theophrasti), self-planted soybean plants (GLXMA, Glycine max), sorrel blunt-leaved (RUMOB, Rumex obtusifolius), winter rape (BRSNW, Brassica napus), knotweed (POLCO, Polygonum convolvulus), kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), common sunflower (HELAN, Helianthus annuus), foxtail (ALOMY, Alopecurus myosuroides ), empty oats (AVEFA, Avena fatua), ryegrass (LOLMU, Lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (ECHCG, Echinochloa crus-galli), edible cornweed (CYPES, Cyperus esculentus), Asian leptochloa (LEFCH, Leptochloa chinensis), crabgrass blood red (DIGSA, Digitaria sanguinalis), Faber's bristle grass (SETFA, Setaria faberi) and grain sorghum (SORVU, Sorghum vulgare), in order to determine the effectiveness of the compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation.

The results are summarized in table. 14 below. In the table, the application rate indicated as X+Y indicates that the bromoxynil application rate is X and the 2,4-D application rate is Y.

Table 14. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound A and bromoxynil + 2,4-0 on weeds

Application rate (g/ha) Compound A 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Bromoxynil+2,4D 0 0 140+14 0 140+140 140+140 VIOTR Observable 8 15 38 65 55 Expected - - - 42 47 R 23 8 STEM Observable 73 88 0 75 68 Expected - - - 73 88 R 3 -20 IPOHE Observable 10 15 95 98 98 Expected - - - 96 96 R 2 2 CIRAR Observable 40 28 53 65 73 Expected - - - 72 66 R -7 - ABUTH Observable 70 75 38 98 100 Expected - - - 81 84 R 16 16 GLXMA Observable 85 85 thirty 99 99 Expected - - - 90 90 R 9 9 RUMOB Observable 38 35 50 55 35 Expected - - - 69 68 R -14 -33

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BRSNW Observable 50 65 78 85 88 Expected - - - 89 92 P -4 -5 POLCO Observable 80 78 20 100 95 Expected - - - 84 82 P 16 13 KCHSC Observable 73 88 63 90 94 Expected - - - 90 95 R 0 -1 HELAN Observable 95 100 55 99 96 Expected - - - 98 100 R 1 -4 ALOMY Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 AVEFA Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 LOLMU Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 ECHCG Observable 55 58 0 90 92 Expected - - - 55 58 R 35 34 CYPES Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0 LEFCH Observable 0 0 0 15 thirty Expected - - - 0 0 R 15 thirty DIGSA Observable 0 8 0 13 13 Expected - - - 0 8 R 13 5 SETFA Observable 0 0 0 thirty 43 Expected - - - 0 0 R thirty 43 SORVU Observable 0 0 0 0 0 Expected - - - 0 0 R 0 0

g/ha=grams per hectare

VIOTR= Fiola tricolor (tricolor violet)

STEME=Stellaria media

IPOHE=Ipomoea hederacea

CIRAR=Cirsium arvense (Cirsium arvense)

ABUTH=Abutilon theophrasti (Theophrastus's rope)

GLXMA=Glycine max (soybean)

RUMOB=Rumex obtusifolius (blunt-leaf sorrel)

BRSNW=Brassica napus (winter rapeseed)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

HELAN=Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)

ALOMY=Alopecurus myosuroides (foxtail mousetail)

AVEFA=Avenafatua (empty oats)

LOLMU=Lolium multiflorum (multifloral chaff)

ECHCG=Echinochloa crus-galli (common barnyard grass)

CYPES=Cyperus esculentus (edible food)

LEFCH=Leptochloa chinensis (Asian leptochloa)

DIGSA=Digitaria sanguinalis (blood red crabgrass)

SETFA=Setariafaberi (Faber's bristleweed)

SORVU=Sorghum vulgare (grain sorghum)

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Example 15.

Compositions containing Compound B, the PS-II inhibitor herbicide bromoxynil and the HPPD inhibitor herbicide pyrasulfotol were tested on unwanted vegetation species including Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH), Polygonum convolvulus (POLCO). , thistle (CIRAR, Cirsium arvense), Faber's bristleweed (SETFA, Setaria faberi), kochia (KCHSC, Kochia scoparia), tricolor violet (VIOTR, Viola tricolor), variegated spurge (EPHHL, Euphorbia heterophylla), white pigweed (CHEAL, Chenopodium album L.) and chickweed (STEME, Stellaria media), to determine the effectiveness of herbicide compositions against these types of unwanted vegetation.

The results are summarized in table. 15 below.

Table 15. Herbicidal effects (% visible damage) of compound B, bromoxynil and _________pyrasulfotole on weeds_________

Application rate (g/ha) Connection B 7.5 10 0 7.5 10 Bromoxynil 0 0 62.2 62.2 62.2 Pyrasulfotol 0 0 7.8 7.8 7.8 ABUTH Observable 68 68 thirty 98 95 Expected - - - 77 77 R 20 18 POLCO Observable 73 80 60 95 95 Expected - - - 89 92 R 6 3 CIRAR Observable 45 45 58 89 91 Expected - - - 77 77 R 12 14 SETFA Observable 70 55 0 63 75 Expected - - - 70 55 R -8 20 KCHSC Observable 68 80 75 99 99 Expected - - - 92 95 R 7 4 VIOTR Observable 10 40 13 35 45 Expected - - - 21 48 R 14 -3 EPHHL Observable 83 99 50 100 100 Expected - - - 91 99 R 9 1 CHEAL Observable 85 90 100 100 100 Expected - - - 100 100 R 0 0 STEM Observable 100 93 55 100 100 Expected - - - 100 97 R 0 3

g/ha=grams per hectare

ABUTH=Abutilon theophrasti (Theophrastus's rope)

POLCO=Polygonum convolvulus (convolvulus knotweed)

CIRAR=drsium arvense (field thistle)

SETFA=Setariafaberi (Faber's bristleweed)

KCHSC=Kochia scoparia (kochia)

VIOTR=Viola tricolor (tricolor violet)

EPHHL=Euphorbia heterophylla (spurge)

CHEAL=Chenopodium album L. (white pigweed)

STEME=Stellaria media

The compositions and methods according to the appended claims are not limited in scope to the specific compositions and methods described herein, which are intended to be illustrative of several aspects of the claims, and it is intended that any compositions and methods that are functionally equivalent are found within the scope of the claims. Various modifications of the compositions and methods, in addition to those set forth and described herein, are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims. In addition, although only certain exemplary compositions and method steps disclosed herein are described in detail, it is understood that

- 76 045989 other combinations of compositions and method steps are also within the scope of the appended claims, even if not specifically cited. Thus, a combination of steps, elements, components or components may be explicitly mentioned herein, however, other combinations of steps, elements, components and components are included even if not expressly stated. The term comprising and its variants, when used herein, is used synonymously with the expression including and its variants, and they are open-ended, non-limiting expressions. Although the terms comprising and including are used herein to describe various aspects, the terms essentially consisting of and consisting of may be used instead of containing and including to provide more specific aspects and are also disclosed. Except in the examples and where otherwise indicated, all numbers which express amounts of ingredients, reaction conditions, etc., used in the specification and claims are to be construed with regard to the number of significant figures and customary rounding techniques, and should not be construed as an attempt to limit the application of the basic provisions of equivalents to the scope of the claims.

Claims (22)

1. Herbicidal composition containing: (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide defined by formula (I) NHR ² formula (I), where R ¹ represents cyanomethyl or propargyl; R ² and R ² represent hydrogen; R ³ , R ³ , R ³ and R ³ represent hydrogen; or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, and (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof; and wherein the weight ratio of (a) the pyridine carboxylate herbicide (in g eq./ha) and (b) the PS II inhibitor herbicide (in g a.i./ha) is from 1:300 to 15 :1. 2. The composition according to claim 1, where the pyridine carboxylate-based herbicidal compound is cyanomethyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate 3. The composition according to claim 1, where the pyridine carboxylate-based herbicidal compound is propargyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-III-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate 4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the PS II inhibitor herbicide is selected from the group consisting of ametrine, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazone, bromacil, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazone, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cyanazine, desmedipham, desmethrin, dimefuron, dimethamethrin, diuron, etidimuron, etiosin, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, iodobonil, ioxynil, isocyl, isomethiosine, isoproturon, isouron, carbutylate, lenacyl, linuron, metamitron, metabenzthiazuron, methobromuron , methoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, neburon, pentanochlor, phenmedipham, promethone, promethrine, propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, symetrine, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumetone, terbutylazine, terbutryn, triethazine and combinations thereof. 5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, where the weight ratio of (a) a herbicide based on pyridine carboxylate (in g eq./ha) and (b) a herbicide representing a PS II inhibitor (in g a. and ./ha), ranges from 1:200 to 5:1. 6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition does not include a herbicidal active ingredient in addition to (a) and (b). 7. Composition according to any one of claims 1-5, additionally containing: - 77 045989 (c) a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, where the weight ratio of (a) pyridine carboxylate herbicide (in g eq/ha) and (c) HPPD inhibitor herbicide (in g a.i./ha) ranges from 1:50 to 15:1. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the HPPD inhibitor herbicide is selected from the group consisting of benzobicyclone, benzophenap, bicyclopyrone, fenquinotrione, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, lancotrione, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxyphene, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpiralate, topramesone and their combinations. 9. The composition according to claim 7 or 8, where the weight ratio of the herbicide based on pyridine carboxylate (in g eq./ha) and the herbicide that is an HPPD inhibitor (in g a.i./ha) is from 1:30 up to 10:1. 10. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, additionally containing an antidote. 11. The composition according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the composition does not contain a herbicidal active ingredient in addition to (a), (b) and (c). 12. A method of controlling unwanted vegetation, comprising applying to vegetation or an area adjacent to vegetation, or applying to soil or water to limit the emergence or growth of vegetation, a composition containing: (a) a pyridine carboxylate herbicide defined by formula (I) Where R ¹ represents cyanomethyl or propargyl; R ² and R ² represent hydrogen; R ³ , R ³ , R ³ and R ³ represent hydrogen; or its agriculturally acceptable salt; (b) a PS II inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, and wherein the pyridine carboxylate herbicide is used in an amount of at least 0.1 g eq. k./ha; and wherein the PS II inhibitor herbicide is applied in an amount of at least 5 g a. i./ha where the weight ratio of (a) a herbicide based on pyridine carboxylate (in g eq./ha) and (b) a herbicide representing a PS II inhibitor (in g a.i./ha) is from 1: 300 to 15:1. 13. The method according to claim 12, where the pyridine carboxylate-based herbicidal compound is cyanomethyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate 14. The method according to claim 12, where the pyridine carboxylate-based herbicidal compound is propargyl-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-III-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate 15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the PS II inhibitor herbicide is selected from the group consisting of ametrine, amicarbazone, atrazine, bentazone, bromacil, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorbromuron, chloridazone, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, cyanazine, desmedipham, desmethrin, dimefuron, dimethamethrin, diuron, etidimuron, etiosin, fenuron, fluometuron, hexazinone, iodobonil, ioxynil, isocyl, isomethiosine, isoproturon, isouron, carbutylate, lenacyl, linuron, metamitron, metabenzthiazuron, methobromuron , methoxuron, metribuzin, monolinuron, neburon, pentanochlor, phenmedipham, promethone, promethrine, propanil, propazine, pyridafol, pyridate, siduron, simazine, symetrine, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumetone, terbutylazine, terbutryn, triethazine and combinations thereof. 16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the composition does not contain a herbicidal active ingredient in addition to (a) and (b). 17. The method according to any one of claims 12-15, where the herbicidal compound based on pyridine carboxylic acid - 78 045989 silate and herbicide, which is a PS II inhibitor, are used simultaneously. 18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the composition further comprises: (c) an HPPD inhibitor herbicide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein the weight ratio of (a) the herbicide-based pyridine carboxylate (in g eq. k./ha) and (c) herbicide, which is an HPPD inhibitor (in g a.i./ha), ranges from 1:50 to 15:1. 19. The method of 18, wherein the HPPD inhibitor herbicide is selected from the group consisting of benzobicyclone, benzophenap, bicyclopyrone, fenquinotrione, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, lancotrione, mesotrione, pyrasulfotol, pyrazolinate, pyrazoxyphene, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tolpyralate, topramesone and their combinations. 20. The method according to any one of claims 12-19, where the weight ratio of (a) a herbicide based on pyridine carboxylate (in g eq./ha) and (b) a herbicide representing a PS II inhibitor (in g a. and ./ha), ranges from 1:200 to 5:1. 21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the pyridine carboxylate herbicide, the PS II inhibitor herbicide and the HPPD inhibitor herbicide are applied simultaneously. 22. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the composition does not contain a herbicidal active ingredient in addition to (a), (b) and (c).