EA044648B1 - FLOOR OR WALL PANEL - Google Patents

Description

Field of technology to which the present invention relates

The present invention relates to a panel, in particular a floor panel or a wall panel. The present invention also relates to a covering, in particular a floor covering, a ceiling covering or a wall covering, comprising a plurality of interconnected panels according to the present invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The last decade has seen a breakthrough in the laminate hard flooring market. Installation of floor panels on the underlying base can be carried out in a variety of known ways. For example, one known method involves securing floor panels to the underlying substrate, either by gluing or nailing them. This method has the disadvantage that it is difficult to implement and that subsequent changes can only be made by breaking out the floor panels. In one alternative installation method, the floor panels are installed on the subfloor with a large gap, while the floor panels are mated to each other using a tongue and groove joint, and in most cases they are also glued to each other using tongue and groove. The resulting floor, also called a moving parquet floor, has the distinct advantage of being easy to install and also of allowing the entire floor surface to move, which is often convenient for adapting to expansion and contraction phenomena. But when installing floor panels on a rough flooring with a large gap, the disadvantage of a floor covering of this type appears, which consists, first of all, in the fact that when the floor expands and its subsequent shrinkage, the floor panels themselves may diverge, as a result of which unwanted gaps may form, for example , when the adhesive joint fails. To eliminate this drawback, certain methods have already been tried, where connecting elements made of metal were provided between the individual floor panels and held these panels together.

However, such connecting elements are quite expensive; and, in addition, their preparation or installation takes a lot of time. Floor panels with connecting parts of a mating shape on opposite edges of the panel are also known. These panels of the known type are typically rectangular in shape and are characterized by having pivotable mating joints at opposing longitudinal edges of the panel and folding mating couplings at opposing end edges of the panel. The installation of these known type of floor panels is based on the so-called folding method, where the longitudinal edge of the first panel to be installed is first connected to the longitudinal edge of or inserted into the longitudinal edge of the already installed second panel in the first row, after which the end edge of the first panel is connected to the end edge of the already installed third panels in the second row while lowering (folding) the first panel, making this type of installation satisfy the specified requirement of ease of installation. In this way, a floor covering consisting of a plurality of parallel oriented rows of interconnected floor panels can be realized.

Brief Disclosure of the Present Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a panel, wherein a plurality of such panels can be interconnected in an improved manner.

In this regard, the present invention provides a panel according to claim 1 of the formula. The top side of the upward tongue is inclined relative to the plane of the panel such that the top side of the upward tongue contains the highest point. This slope of the top side of the upward tongue extends upward from the inner surface of the upward tongue to the outer surface of the upward tongue. At least a portion of the top side of the downward groove may also be inclined relative to the plane of the panel such that the top side of the downward groove includes a highest point. This slope of the top side of the downward groove extends downward from the downward end to the downward tongue.

The upward tongue may have a minimum, average, or maximum width, measured in the plane of the panel, with the highest point of the upward tongue being less than 50%, and preferably less than 25% of the width, from the outer surface of the upward tongue. This configuration causes the highest point of the upward tongue to lie on or near the outer surface of the upward tongue.

Likewise, the downward groove may also have a minimum, average, or maximum width measured in the plane of the panel, with the highest point of the downward groove being less than 50%, and preferably less than 25%, of the width from the downward end. This configuration causes the highest point of the downward groove to lie at or near the downward end.

Due to the slope of the top side of the upward tongue, the upward tongue is characterized by its greatest thickness on the outer surface of the upward tongue. This is usually the side of the upward tongue that is most susceptible to damage during hooking and transport, as it is the part that most often protrudes. Due to the fact that this side has the greatest thickness, a stronger connecting part can be obtained.

This strength is achieved by the fact that the highest point is located relatively close to the outer surface or even on the outermost surface of the upward facing tongue.

Preferably, this (full) top surface has an inclined orientation, and more preferably, this top surface extends upward in a direction away from the upward facing end. This sloping top surface can thus also act as a leveling edge, which further facilitates the adhesion of the panels. The phrase leveling edge may be replaced by the phrase guiding edge or guiding surface. An upper surface of the upwardly directed tongue intersects an outer side surface of the upwardly directed tongue, said outer side surface optionally being provided with a first locking member. Said outer side surface preferably has a substantially vertical orientation. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the first closure element is located on a substantially vertical portion of the upwardly oriented tongue such that, above and below the closure element, the upwardly oriented tongue has a substantially vertically oriented surface.

The amount of inclination of the top surface or top side of the upward tongue is preferably 10-45 degrees, more preferably -25-35 degrees, and most preferably about 30 degrees relative to the horizontal plane or panel plane. The angle of inclination of the top surface of the upward tongue is preferably constant, meaning that the top surface has a flat orientation. In a preferred embodiment, the top side of the downward groove has a preferably the same (compared to the slope of the top surface of the upward tongue (if used)) inclined orientation. The upper surface of the downward groove forms the lower surface of the transition portion connecting the downward tongue to the core.

Thus, the highest point of the upward tongue may be located closer to the outer surface of the upward tongue than to the inner side of the upward tongue; and/or the highest point of the downward groove may be located closer to the downward end than to the inside of the downward tongue. Accordingly, the highest point does not lie in the middle, nor does the highest point near an upward groove or a downward tongue. As a result, the thickest part of the upward tongue is located relatively close to the outer side or even on the outermost side of the upward tongue. This feature may also replace the requirements for the top sides of the upward tongue and downward groove, as well as the thickness requirements of the present invention. In one alternative formulation, the highest point of the upward tongue may be located closer to the outer surface of the upward tongue compared to the upward groove, and/or the highest point of the downward groove may be located closer to the downward end compared to the downward tongue.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the highest point of the upward tongue and the outer surface of the upward tongue in the plane of the panels and/or the distance between the highest point of the downward groove and the downward end in the plane of the panels is more than 10 times less than the thickness of the panel. This feature may also replace the requirements for the top sides of the upward tongue and downward groove, as well as the thickness requirements of the present invention.

The upper side of the upward tongue may be located between the inner surface and the outer surface of the upward tongue, and the inclined portion of the upper side of the upward tongue may be a straight portion, where straightness means that the slope is a constant value without bending or rounding. This does not mean that the entire top side of the upward facing tongue must necessarily have a slope orientation of a constant amount.

At least a portion of the inner surface of the upwardly directed tongue may be inclined toward the upwardly directed end; or at least a portion of the inner surface of the upwardly directed tongue may be inclined away from the upwardly directed end. At least a portion of the inner surface of the downward tongue may be inclined toward the downward end; or at least a portion of the inner surface of the downward tongue may be inclined away from the downward end. The angle of inclination can be in the range of 0.5-10 degrees, and in the preferred embodiment, this angle is measured relative to a direction perpendicular to the plane of the panel. This sloping side or inner surface of the upward tongue forms a closed groove system. The closed groove system, although often more complex in terms of joint implementation than its opposite design, open groove systems, provides vertical and horizontal locking between the two panels once they are engaged with each other. It is assumed that the described vertical and horizontal direction

- 2 044648 is specified relative to the horizontal plane (floor plane). When the panel is used as a ceiling panel, there is no difference between the vertical and horizontal directions. When the panel is used as a wall panel, the locking is horizontal locking and front-back locking or depth locking. The greater the angle of inclination, the higher the locking efficiency and the more difficult it is, as a rule, to engage (and, accordingly, disengage) the panels.

The outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue may, for example, comprise a first closure element and/or the downwardly directed end may be provided with a second closure element, wherein preferably the first and second closure elements are configured to cooperate with each other. The locking element assists in locking the connected or interlocked panels. The first closure element may be, for example, an outer projection, and the second closure element may be, for example, an inward cutout, although other embodiments of closure elements may be used as long as they provide a certain degree of closure in a particular direction . In this regard, the locking may also involve frictional engagement. In this latter embodiment, at least one of the first closure element and the second closure element may be formed by a contact surface (flat or otherwise shaped) formed from a plastic material, optionally separate, configured to create friction with the other the locking element of the other panel in a state of engagement (connection). Examples of plastic materials suitable for creating friction include:

Acetal (ROM), a strong and rigid material with high creep resistance. It has a low coefficient of friction, remains stable at high temperatures and is highly resistant to hot water;

Nylon (PA), which absorbs more moisture than most polymers; at the same time, due to the absorption of moisture, its impact strength and overall energy absorption capacity actually increase. Nylon is also characterized by a low coefficient of friction, good electrical properties and resistance to chemical influences;

Polyphthalamide (PPA). This high performance nylon has increased heat resistance and reduced moisture absorption. In addition, it is highly resistant to chemical influences;

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), which is a heat-resistant thermoplastic with high chemical and fire resistance combined with high strength. PEEK material is a favorite in the aerospace industry;

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), which provides a balance of properties including chemical and high temperature resistance, fire retardant, flow, deformation resistance and good electrical properties;

Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is resistant to deformation and has high heat and chemical resistance, along with good electrical properties;

Thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), which has intrinsic fire resistance and good electrical and physical properties, as well as high wear resistance;

Polycarbonate (PC) has high impact strength, heat resistance and deformation resistance. PC material also has good electrical properties, and it remains stable when immersed in water, inorganic or organic acids; And

Polyetherimide (PEI), which maintains strength and rigidity at elevated temperatures. It also has high and long-term heat resistance, deformation resistance, internal flame retardant properties and resistance to hydrogen carbonates, alcohols and halogenated solvents.

If the protrusion is located in or extends into the cutout, it will be difficult to remove the protrusion from the cutout, particularly when combined with a closed groove locking system on the inner surface of the upwardly facing tongue. Placing the locking member on the outer surface of the upward tongue provides flexibility at the level (height) where the locking member is located, and this location also allows the locking member to prevent rotational release or disengagement of the two panels.

The outer surface of the downwardly directed tongue may include a third locking element, and/or the upwardly directed end may include a fourth locking element, wherein preferably the third and fourth locking elements are configured to cooperate with each other. Alone or in combination with a closed groove locking system and/or a first and second locking element configuration, the panels may be provided with locking elements on the outer surface of the downward tongue and on the upward end. Again, the locking elements may be a combination of a protrusion and a cutout, although other embodiments of the locking elements may also be used, provided that the elements provide a specific locking action in a specific direction. In this regard, the locking may also include a friction clutch.

The transition between the highest point of the upward tongue and the outer surface of the upward tongue may be rounded, and/or the transition between the highest point of the downward groove and the downward end may also be rounded. The advantage of a rounded transition is that the forces applied to the panels, particularly interlocking panels in a rounded or smooth transition, can be distributed more evenly and peak loads are less likely to occur. This prevents, at least to a certain extent, the occurrence of cracks or prevents their occurrence.

A number of gaps may be provided between the panels in the engaged state, preferably selected from the group consisting of: a gap between the outer surface of the downward tongue and the upward end; the gap between the outer surface of the upward-pointing tongue and the downward-pointing end; the gap between the upward-pointing tongue and the downward-pointing groove; the gap between the downward tongue and the upward groove; the gap between the highest point of the upward tongue and the highest point of the downward groove; and a gap under the upward-pointing tongue, extending towards the downward-pointing end. Having deliberately designed gaps potentially serves a number of purposes. Firstly, this allows for tolerances with a small margin when profiling or milling connecting parts. If, for example, the dimensions of one of the parts are slightly larger than specified, then such a gap can be used to make it possible to accept an element with such oversized dimensions. In addition, these gaps can be used to fill them with foreign materials or combed and cut core material that, for example, becomes separated from the panels as they adhere to each other.

The core may comprise a composite material selected from the group consisting of: a mineral material, such as magnesium oxide, and a synthetic material, such as a thermoplastic material, wherein the volume of the mineral material constitutes at least 50% of the core material, and preferably at least 60-70%; a filler such as chalk or dust, and a synthetic material such as a thermoplastic material, the volume of the filler being at least 50% of the core material, and preferably at least 60-70%; and an extruded mixture, wherein two different materials, for example, are mixed and then extruded.

The first connecting portion may include a first transition portion located between the core and the upwardly directed tongue, and the second connecting portion may include a second transition portion located between the core and the downwardly directed tongue. The first transition portion may be characterized by having a weakened region of reduced thickness facilitating deformation of the first transition portion during engagement, and/or the second transition portion may be characterized by having a weakened region of reduced thickness facilitating deformation of the second transition portion during engagement, wherein in particular the second the transition part is characterized by the smallest thickness closest to the core. The minimum thickness at the point closest to the core means that if you move along the transition part in the direction from the core to the tongue in the plane of the panel, the thickness of the second transition part will increase. This is typically the case if the highest point of the downward groove is located at the transition point between the downward groove and the downward end.

The outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue may be spaced from the upwardly directed end by a certain distance, which is measured in the plane of the panel, and this distance may be less than the thickness of the core. The distance between the upward tongue and the outer surface of the upward tongue generally includes the length of the transition portion and the thickness of the upward tongue. The claimed relatively short distance makes it possible to obtain a relatively compact connecting part and also saves material that has to be removed, for example, when milling the connecting parts from a board of core material.

The panel may have an elongated shape, with the first and second connecting parts located on the end sides of the panel. Preferably, the longitudinal sides are provided with rotatable locking profiles, or they are also provided with first and second connecting parts. It is advisable to use the proposed locking profiles or locking solutions in several types of panels, in particular in elongated panels similar to laminate flooring. The proposed locking profiles perform particularly well, for example, as self-latching locking profiles, wherein the vertical or downward movement is combined with a rotary movement along the longitudinal edges. Along with this, something like a zigzag movement can be performed to connect the panels to each other.

The upwardly oriented end may be provided with a substantially laterally oriented groove for receiving a laterally oriented tongue; and/or the outer surface of the downwardly directed tongue may be provided with a laterally directed tongue that fits into a laterally directed groove. This allows two panels to be connected by a pivoting, hinged or angular movement, with the tongue being directed sideways partially

- 4 044648 fits into the sideways groove at a certain angle, and the panels are positioned at an angle relative to each other. Because the top side of the upward tongue is inclined and increases in size closer to the outer surface of the tongue, during angular rotation the thickest portion of the upward tongue may appear relatively late, which facilitates adhesion. A vertical plane may be used to separate the sideways tongue and sideways groove from the downside tongue and upside end. At the top of the junction of two panels, the panels come into contact with each other. At this stage, a virtual vertical line or a line perpendicular to the panel plane can be drawn. Any portion that projects beyond this line (outward for a sideways tongue and inward for a sideways groove) may be considered part of a sideways tongue or groove.

It is conceivable that the first coupling profile (and/or third coupling profile) and the second coupling profile (and/or fourth coupling profile) may be configured such that, in the interlocking state, a pre-tension is generated such that the respective edges of the interlocking panels are attracted to each other each other, wherein this is preferably accomplished by superimposing the overlapping contours of a first connection profile (and/or a third connection profile) and a second connection profile (and/or a fourth connection profile), in particular the overlapping contours of a downward tongue and an upward groove and /or overlapping contours of an upward tongue and a downward groove, and wherein the first connection profile (and/or third connection profile) and the second connection profile (and/or fourth connection profile) are configured such that two such panels can be connected to each other with each other by performing a folding movement and/or vertical displacement, wherein in the engaged state, at least part of the downwardly directed tongue of the second connecting profile (and/or the fourth connecting profile) fits into the upwardly directed groove of the first connecting profile (and/or the third connecting profile). profile) such that the downwardly directed tongue is clamped by the first connecting profile (and/or the third connecting profile), and/or the upward directed tongue is clamped by the second connecting profile (and/or the fourth connecting profile).

Pre-tension means that in a state of engagement the connecting parts press against each other, and such forces are applied that the connecting parts and, therefore, the corresponding panels on the side of the respective edges are attracted (pushed) towards each other, the first connecting part and the corresponding second connecting part parts interact in such a way that they clamp each other. This significantly improves the stability and reliability of the coupling of the first connecting part and the second connecting part, and also prevents the connecting parts from moving apart (which would otherwise create a gap between adjacent panels), while maintaining the great advantage that the panels are designed to engage each other with each other by performing a folding motion and/or vertical displacement, also called a scissoring motion or a zigzag motion, and accordingly using a user-friendly folding technology. The pretensioning is preferably implemented using overlapping contours of the first connecting part and the second connecting part, in particular, overlapping contours of a downward tongue and an upward groove and/or overlapping contours of an upward tongue and a downward groove. The presence of overlapping contours does not mean that the entire contour must overlap, but only stipulates that at least part of the (outer) contour of the first connecting part must overlap with at least a part of the (outer) contour of the second connecting part. The contours are typically compared in such a way that the contours of the first connecting part and/or the second connecting part are viewed from the side (or in cross section). By superimposing overlapping contours, the first connecting part and/or the second connecting part generally remains in an (elastically) deformed state, in particular in a state of compression and/or bending during engagement, providing the required stability of engagement. Typically, when there are overlapping contours, the downward tongue will be (slightly) oversized relative to the upward groove, and/or the upward tongue will be (slightly) oversized relative to the downward groove. However, it should be understood that overlapping contours can also be implemented in another manner, for example by superimposing overlapping first and second closure elements.

During the adhesion of the panels, the upwardly directed tongue can be (elastically) deformed, in particular compressed and/or bent. Bending (small) occurs from the original position in the outer direction from the upward end. The curved state of the upward tongue may remain unchanged in the state of interlocking of the two panels. The bend angle of the near side of the upward facing tongue facing the upward end is usually limited to 0-2 degrees.

The oversize must be large enough to realize the required pre-tension, and pre-tension usually occurs already at a minimum oversize, although - on the other hand - it should preferably be

- 5 044648 is sufficiently limited to enable and ensure proper and user-friendly installation. Preferably, the width of the downward tongue is greater than the width of the upward groove. The order of magnitude of this excess of the nominal size usually lies in the range of 0.05-0.5 mm. The maximum width of the downward tongue preferably exceeds the maximum width of the upward groove. This, as a rule, additionally helps to keep the panels pressed against each other in order to ensure the most tight (without play) connection and, accordingly, the seam. This provides an advantage in fixing the panels in one (horizontal) plane if the height of the downward tongue does not exceed the height of the downward groove.

As already mentioned above, it is quite acceptable that the upward-pointing tongue has larger dimensions in comparison with the downward-pointing groove. Preferably, the width of the upward tongue is greater than the width of the downward groove. In this case, it is more preferable that the maximum width of the upward tongue exceeds the maximum width of the downward groove, which also results in the formation of a pre-tension between the first connecting part and the second connecting part. However, in this case, it is preferable that the downward groove does not widen during engagement, or at least does not remain widened during engagement, so as to provide a tight seam between the panels and prevent the panels from moving relative to each other. If the edges of the panels are chamfered, in particular chamfered, the slight movement will not be noticeable, so that minor movement (due to the (small) widening of the downward groove and the upward bending of the downward tongue in the engaged state) is permissible. The height of the upwardly directed tongue is preferably no greater than the height of the downwardly directed groove. This will make it easier to keep interlocking panels at the same level (within the connector (horizontal plane)).

The core may consist, for example, of a layer of composite material containing at least one composition based on magnesium oxide (magnesia) and/or magnesium hydroxide, in particular a magnesium binder; particles, in particular cellulose-based particles, dispersed in said magnesium binder; and, preferably, at least one reinforcing layer embedded in said layer of composite material. It has been found that the use of a composition based on magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide, in particular, a magnesium binder, significantly increases the fire resistance (non-flammability) of the decorative panel as such. Moreover, the relatively fire-resistant panel of the present invention also has significantly improved resistance to deformation due to temperature changes during normal use. Magnesia binder is a binder based on magnesia (magnesium oxide) and is the product of a chemical reaction in which magnesium oxide is one of the reactants. Magnesia binder may still contain magnesium, and/or the magnesia may react chemically to form another chemical bond, as discussed in more detail below. Additional advantages of magnesia binder, also in comparison with other types of binders, are described below. A first additional advantage is that the magnesium binder can be produced with relatively low energy costs and therefore cost savings. Moreover, magnesia binder is characterized by relatively high compressive and tensile strength. One of the advantages of magnesium binder is that the binder has a natural affinity - usually at low cost - for cellulose-containing materials such as plant fibers, sawdust (wood dust) and/or wood shavings. This not only improves the binding of the magnesium binder, but also leads to weight reduction and improved sound insulation properties (vibration damping). Magnesium oxide, when combined with cellulose and optionally clay, forms magnesium binder, which releases water vapor; Moreover, this binder does not deteriorate (does not decompose), since it effectively pushes out moisture. Moreover, magnesium binder serves as an excellent insulating material, both thermally insulating and electrically insulating, making the panel of the present invention particularly suitable for use as flooring in radar stations and medical operating rooms. One of the additional advantages of magnesium binder is that it has a relatively low pH compared to other types of binders, which together provides wear resistance to glass fibers used either as dispersed particles in the binder matrix and/or (as fiberglass) as a reinforcing layer, and also allows the use of other types of fibers on a long-term basis. Moreover, another added benefit of the decorative panel is that it is suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

In one embodiment of the panel according to the present invention, the composition is based on magnesia, in particular, the magnesium binder contains magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Typically, when magnesia is mixed with magnesium chloride in an aqueous solution, magnesium binder is formed

- 6 044648 a substance that contains magnesium oxychloride (MOC). The binding phases are: Mg(OH)2, 5Mg(OH)2-MgCl2-8H2O (form 5), 3Mg(OH) ₂ -MgCl ₂ -8H ₂ O (form 3) and Mg ₂ (OH)ClCO ₃ -3H ₂ O. Form 5 is the preferred phase because this phase has excellent mechanical properties. Magnesium oxychloride has superior properties to other types of binders such as Portland cement. Magnesium chloride does not require wet curing and is characterized by high fire resistance, low thermal conductivity and high wear resistance. MOS-based binders can be used with various aggregates (additives) and fibers that have high bonding resistance. It can also be subjected to different types of surface treatments. Magnesium oxychloride develops high compressive strength within 48 hours (e.g., 8,000-10,000 psi). The development of compressive strength during curing occurs very quickly - 80% of the ultimate strength is achieved within 48 hours. The compressive strength of the MOC is preferably in the range of 40-100 N/mm ² . The flexural tensile strength is preferably 10-17 N/mm ² . The MOC surface hardness preferably lies in the range of 50-250 N/mm ² . The modulus of elasticity of the first kind is preferably equal to 1-3 104 N/mm ² . The flexural strength of MOC is relatively low, but can be significantly increased by the addition of fibers, particularly cellulose-based fibers. Magnesium oxychloride is compatible with a wide variety of plastic fibers, mineral fibers (such as basalt fibers) and organic fibers such as bagasse, wood fibers and hemp. The magnesium oxychloride used in the panel of the present invention may be enriched with one or more of these types of fibers. Magnesium oxychloride is a non-shrinking, abrasion resistant material with reasonable wear resistance and is dent and scratch resistant. Magnesium oxychloride is resistant to heat and freeze/thaw cycles and does not require air entrainment, which extends service life. Moreover, magnesium oxychloride has high thermal conductivity, low electrical conductivity, and the ability to bond to a wide variety of substrates and additives, as well as reasonable fire resistance. Magnesium oxychloride is less preferred in applications where the panel is expected to be exposed to relatively extreme weather conditions in terms of temperature and humidity, which will negatively affect both the setting characteristics and the development of magnesium oxychloride phases. Over time, atmospheric carbon dioxide will react with magnesium oxychloride, forming a surface layer of Mg ₂ (OH)ClCO ₃ -3H ₂ O. This layer slows down the leaching process. As a result, additional leaching leads to the formation of hydromagnesite (4MgO-3CO ₃ -4H ₂ O), which is an insoluble substance that provides the ability to maintain the structural integrity of the binder material.

The core may consist at least in part of one polymer, in particular a thermoplastic material and/or a thermosetting material; wherein in a preferred embodiment, the core is a composite material containing at least one polymer, in particular a thermoplastic material and/or a thermoset material, as well as at least one non-polymer material. Preferably, said non-polymeric material is at least one selected from the group consisting of: steel, glass, polypropylene, wood, acrylic fiber, alumina, kurua palm fiber, carbon, cellulose, coir fiber, Kevlar, nylon, perlon, mineral wool, sisal, bast fiber from the leaves of the furcreaa plant, mineral filler, in particular chalk. This may further increase the strength of the panel and/or the waterproof and/or fireproof properties of the panel itself, and/or reduce its cost.

The preferred thermoplastic material is PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene) or (thermoplastic) PUR (polyurethane). Polystyrene may be present in the form of expanded polystyrene (EPS) to further reduce panel density, resulting in cost savings and easier handling of the panels. Preferably, at least a portion of the polymer used may be formed from a recycled thermoplastic, such as recycled PVC. It is also conceivable that rubber and/or elastomer portion(s) may be dispersed within at least one layer of the composite material, thereby increasing its flexibility and/or impact strength, at least to some extent.

In a preferred embodiment, the core contains from 50 wt.% to 100 wt.%, thermoplastic material. The core may contain at least one plasticizer that increases the flexibility of the panel itself. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core is less than 9000 ^gsm , and preferably less than 6000 ^gsm .

The core composite material may contain at least one filler selected from the group consisting of: salt, stearic acid salt, calcium stearate and zinc stearate. Stearates act as a stabilizer, providing more favorable processing temperatures, and prevent chemical degradation of composite material components during and after processing, thereby ensuring long-term stability. Instead of or in

- 7 044648 In addition to stearate, calcium zinc, for example, can also be used as a stabilizer. The mass fraction of stabilizer/stabilizers in the composite material is preferably in the range of 1-5%, and more preferably in the range of 1.5-4%.

The core composite material may also contain at least one impact modifier comprising at least one alkyl methacrylate, wherein said alkyl methacrylate is preferably selected from the group consisting of: methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate . An impact modifier typically improves the performance of a product, particularly by increasing its impact resistance. Moreover, the impact modifier typically stiffens the middle layer; and accordingly, it can be considered as an additive that increases impact strength, which further reduces the risk of fracture. The modifier also often facilitates the production process, for example, as mentioned above, to control the formation of foam with a relatively uniform (constant) cellular structure. The weight content of the impact modifier in the composite material is preferably 1-9%, and more preferably 3% to 6%. Substantially the entire middle layer is preferably made of either a cellular composite material or a non-foam (monolithic) composite material. The at least one plastic material used in the middle layer preferably does not include any plasticizer to increase the required stiffness of the middle layer, which, among other things, is also advantageous from an environmental point of view.

The density of the middle layer typically varies in the range of about 0.1-1.5 g/cm ³ , preferably in the range of about 0.2-1.4 g/cm ³ , more preferably in the range of about 0.3 -1.3 g/cm ³ , in an even more preferred embodiment - in the range of about 0.4-1.2 g/cm ³ , in an even more preferred embodiment - in the range of about 0.5-1.2 g/cm ³ , and in the most preferred embodiment, in the range of about 0.6-1.2 g/cm ³ .

The panel can be provided with a decorative top structure. The decorative upper structure preferably comprises at least one decorative layer and at least one transparent wear layer covering said decorative layer. The decorative top structure may further comprise at least one sublayer located between said decorative layer and the core, said sublayer preferably being made of a vinyl compound. A layer of varnish or other protective layer may be applied over this wear layer. A finishing layer may be provided between the decorative layer and the wear layer. The decorative layer will be visible and used to give the panel an attractive appearance. For this purpose, the decorative layer can be given a certain pattern structure, which can, for example, be a pattern pattern in the form of wood fibers, a pattern pattern in the form of mineral grains that resemble grains of marble, granite or other natural stone, or a colored pattern -template, both multi-color and single-color; Moreover, the presented options represent only some possible options for template drawings. It is also entirely possible to customize the panel's appearance, which is often achieved using digital printing during the panel production process. The decorative top structure can also be formed by one single layer. In one alternative embodiment of the present invention, the decorative top structure is omitted, i.e. is not used in the panel according to the claimed invention. In this latter embodiment, the top side of the core constitutes the top side of the panel.

The decorative layer can be formed by a printed thermoplastic layer or a printed thermoplastic film. Thermoplastic material of a wide variety of origins can be used, but PVC is generally the preferred material. The decorative layer can also be formed by a layer of paint applied to the core by a printing method, preferably a digital printing method, either directly or indirectly.

The decorative top structure may also contain and/or constitute a carpet base with pile threads extending upward therefrom. Pile threads can be made from a range of natural and synthetic fibers. Many types of yarn are made in different ways, but two main types are commonly used: spun yarn and filament yarn. The threads can be made from nylon, but other suitable synthetic threads can also be used, for example polyester, polypropylene, acrylic or mixtures thereof. Carpet tiles can be either rigid or flexible. It is also quite acceptable that the base may not contain any threads or fibers at all. Pile threads can make up knitted pile. However, the pile yarns may also be cut pile, spun pile, or any other suitable pile yarn, for example, in a single-layer or multi-layer configuration. Knitted pile can be made, for example, from synthetic threads such as nylon, polyester, polypropylene, acrylic or mixtures thereof. In the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, knitted pile is sewn into a carpet backing. Preferably, the carpet backing also contains a backing, which can be, for example, a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a non-woven polyester fabric, a polypropylene fabric,

- 8 044648 rare fiberglass fabric or thin fabric fabric or combinations thereof. The backing usually functions as a support structure (holding structure) to hold the yarn. To more effectively join the pile loops in the desired position on the carpet backing, in particular on the backing, a pre-coating layer is preferably applied. This pre-coating layer may be, for example, a latex layer.

The lower part of the first connecting part, which is located between the side of the upward tongue facing away from the upward end and the upward end, may be the bottom of the first connecting part, and the bottom of the first connecting part may include a cut-out portion, in particular a notched portion extending between the upward end and a side of the upward tongue facing away from the upward end; wherein the cutout portion is configured to allow downward movement of the upwardly directed tongue into the cutout during interlocking of two adjacent panels, preferably such that the upwardly directed groove is temporarily widened to facilitate interlocking of the two panels. The cutout portion may be formed, for example, by a milled groove that also extends horizontally when the panel is placed on a horizontal deck or surface. Alternatively, the groove extends a certain distance from the bottom of the panel.

The side of the upward facing tongue, facing away from the upward facing end, may be spaced a certain distance from the upward facing end; wherein this distance is less than the thickness of the core, and the section with the cutout occupies at least 75% of this distance, and in the preferred embodiment, all of this distance. Due to the fact that the distance between the outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue and the upwardly directed end is less than the thickness of the core, a relatively protruding element is formed, which limits the degree of security of the connecting parts. On the other hand, due to the fact that the cut-out portion occupies a large length, several advantages can be achieved. Firstly, this allows you to save a relatively large amount of material. The material removed to form the cutout can be reused in new panels, and the more material is removed, the more material can be reincorporated into the system. Secondly, the relatively large cutout allows for gradual bending of the upward-facing tongue, since the bending can be spread over a larger surface area.

The present invention also relates to a covering, in particular a floor covering, a ceiling covering or a wall covering, comprising a plurality of interconnected panels according to the present invention.

Brief description of the figures

Further in the text, the present invention will be described using non-limiting examples of its implementation, in connection with the accompanying drawings, where:

In fig. 1 schematically shows a panel according to the present invention in a closed slot configuration;

In fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of two interlocking panels of the present invention in a closed slot configuration;

In fig. 3 schematically shows two interlocking panels of the present invention in a closed slot configuration;

In fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of two interlocking panels of the present invention in a closed slot configuration;

In fig. 5 schematically shows two interlocking panels of the present invention in a closed slot configuration;

In fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of two interlocking panels of the present invention in a closed slot configuration;

In fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of two interlocking panels of the present invention in a closed slot configuration;

In fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of two interlocking panels of the present invention in an open slot configuration;

In fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of two interlocking panels of the present invention in a closed slot configuration; A

In fig. 10 schematically shows two interlocking panels of the present invention in an open slot configuration.

Detailed Disclosure of the Present Invention

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the set of paragraphs presented below, which are not intended to be limiting.

1. A panel (1), in particular a floor panel or a wall panel, comprising:

a centrally located core (2), characterized by the presence of an upper side (2a) and a lower side (2b), with the core (2) defining a plane (P); while the distance between the top

- 9 044648 side (2a) and bottom side (2b) sets the thickness (T) of the panel (1);

at least one first connecting part (3) and at least one second connecting part (4), which are located on opposite sides of the core (2), and the first connecting part (3) and the second connecting part (4) are different the panels (1) are arranged in such a way that they interlock by performing a downward, rotary or vertical movement;

wherein the first connecting part (3) contains a tongue (7) directed upwards; at least one upwardly directed end (8), spaced at a certain distance from the upwardly directed tongue; and an upward groove (9) formed between the upward tongue (7) and the upward end (8); wherein the upwardly directed groove (9) is configured to receive at least a portion of the downwardly directed tongue (10) of the second connecting part (4) of the other panel (1), the side of the upwardly directed tongue (7) facing the upwardly directed end ( 8) represents the inner surface of the upward tongue (7), and the side of the upward tongue (7) facing away from the upward end (8) represents the outer surface of the upward tongue (7);

wherein the second connecting part (4) contains a tongue (10) directed downwards; at least one downwardly directed end (11), spaced at a certain distance from the downwardly directed tongue (10); and a downward groove (12) formed between the downward tongue (10) and the downward end (11); wherein the downward groove (12) is configured to receive at least a portion of the upward tongue (7) of the first connecting part (3) of the other panel (1), the side of the downward tongue (10) facing the downward end ( 11) represents the inner surface of the downward tongue (10), and the side of the downward tongue (10) facing away from the downward end (11) represents the outer surface of the downward tongue (10);

wherein at least part of the upper side (13) of the upwardly directed tongue (7) is inclined relative to the plane (P) of the panel (1) such that the upper side (13) of the upwardly directed tongue contains the highest point (14), and/ or wherein at least part of the upper side (15) of the downward groove (12) is inclined relative to the plane (P) of the panel (1) such that the upper side (15) of the downward groove (12) contains the highest point (16 ).

2. Panel (1) according to claim 1, in which:

(i) the upward tongue (7) has a minimum, average or maximum width, measured in the plane (P) of the panel, the highest point of the upward tongue (7) being less than 50%, and preferably less than 25%, of the width from the outer surface of the upward tongue, and/or the downward groove (12) has a minimum, average or maximum width, measured in the plane (P) of the panel, and the highest point of the downward groove (12) is less than 50% away, and preferably less than 25% of the width from the downward end (11); and/or (ii) the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) is located closer to the outer surface of the upward tongue (7) than to the inner surface of the upward tongue (7), and/or the highest point (16) The downward groove (12) is located closer to the downward end (11) than to the inner surface of the downward tongue (10).

3. Panel (1) according to any of the previous paragraphs, in which the distance - in the plane (P) of the panels (1) - between the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) and the outer surface of the upward tongue (7) and/or the distance - in the plane (P) of the panels (1) - between the highest point (16) of the downward groove (12) and the downward end (11) is more than 10 times less than the thickness of the panel (1).

4. The panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the upper side (13) of the upward tongue (7) is located between the inner surface and the outer surface of the upward tongue, and in which the inclined part of the upper side (13) of the upward tongue ( 7) is a straight part.

5. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which at least part of the inner surface of the upward tongue (7) is inclined towards the upward end (8), or in which at least part of the inner surface of the upward the tongue (7) is inclined away from the upwardly directed end (8), and the angle of inclination lies in the range of 0.5-10 degrees, and this angle is preferably measured relative to the direction perpendicular to the plane (P) of the panel (1).

6. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7) contains a first locking element (17), and/or in which the downwardly directed end (11) is provided with a second locking element (18), wherein in a preferred embodiment, the first and second locking elements (17, 18) are designed to interact with each other.

7. Panel (1) according to any of the previous paragraphs, in which the surface of the downwardly directed tongue (10) contains a third locking element (19), and/or in which the upwardly directed end (8)

- 10 044648 holds the fourth locking element (20), and in the preferred embodiment, the third and fourth locking elements (19, 20) are designed to interact with each other.

8. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the transition between the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) and the outer surface of the upward tongue is rounded, and/or the transition between the highest point (16) of the downward groove (12 ) and the downward end (11) is also rounded.

9. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein between the panels (1), when they are in an interlocked state, a number of gaps (21) are provided, preferably selected from the group consisting of:

a) the gap between the outer surface of the downward facing tongue and the upward facing end;

b) the gap between the outer surface of the upward facing tongue and the downward facing end;

c) the gap between the upward tongue and the downward groove;

d) the gap between the downward tongue and the upward groove;

e) the clearance between the highest point of the upward tongue and the highest point of the downward groove;

f) the gap under the upward tongue, extending towards the downward end.

10. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the core (2) contains a composite material, preferably selected from the group consisting of:

a) a mineral material, for example magnesium oxide, and a synthetic material, for example a thermoplastic material, the volume of the mineral material being at least 50% of the core material, and preferably at least 60-70%;

b) a filler such as chalk or dust, and a synthetic material such as a thermoplastic material, the volume of the filler being at least 50% of the core material, and preferably at least 60-70%; And

c) an extruded mixture, whereby, for example, two different materials are mixed and then extruded.

11. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the first connecting part (3) includes a first transition part (25) located between the core (2) and the upward tongue (7), and in which the second connecting part (4 ) contains a second transition part (26) located between the core (2) and the downwardly directed tongue (10), and the first transition part (25) is characterized by the presence of a weakened region of reduced thickness, facilitating the deformation of the first transition part (25) during engagement, and /or the second transition part (26) is characterized by the presence of a weakened region (27) of reduced thickness, facilitating the deformation of the second transition part (26) during engagement, while, in particular, the second transition part is characterized by the smallest thickness closest to the core.

12. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7) is located at a distance (D), measured in the plane (P) of the panel, from the upwardly directed end (8), and the distance (D) less than the thickness (T) of the core (2).

13. Panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel has an elongated shape, and in which the first and second connecting parts are provided on the end sides of the panel, and the longitudinal sides are preferably provided with a rotatable locking profile or also provided with the first and second connecting parts.

14. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) is located closer to the outer surface of the upward tongue (7) compared to the upward groove (9), and/or in in which the highest point (16) of the downward groove (12) is located closer to the downward end (11) in comparison with the downward tongue (10).

15. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the upwardly directed end is provided with a substantially laterally directed groove (22) for receiving a laterally directed tongue (23), and/or in which the outer surface of the downwardly directed tongue (10) is provided with a directional sideways with a tongue (23), configured to be received by a sideways-directed groove (22).

16. A covering, in particular a floor covering, a ceiling covering or a wall covering, comprising a plurality of interconnected panels according to any of the preceding claims.

In fig. 1 schematically shows one embodiment of a floor panel (1) according to the present invention, comprising a centrally located core (2) characterized by an upper side (2a) and a lower side (2b), the core (2) defining a plane (P); in this case, the distance between the upper side (2a) and the lower side (2b) determines the thickness (T) of the panel (1). The panel (1) is provided with a first connecting part (3) and a second connecting part (4), which are located on opposite sides of the core (2), and the first connecting part (3) and the second connecting part (4) of the other panel (1) are so located in such a way that it is possible to engage them by performing a downward or vertical movement. This downward or vertical movement also includes a zigzag movement and/or

- 11 044648 pushing movement. However, this downward or vertical movement is different from the angular rotation movement. In the case of engagement by an angular rotation motion, also called a pivoting or rotational motion, a tongue (sideways directed) fits into a mating groove, the engaging panel being held in an inclined position, the axis of rotation coinciding with said (sideways) tongue and said groove. In the case of a downward or vertical movement, a downward tongue is pushed vertically into an upward groove of an adjacent panel and/or is inserted in a zigzag motion into said upward groove during the lowering of said panel to be installed, said panel to be installed typically being rotated about an axis of rotation , which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the mating connecting parts.

The first connecting part (3) contains a tongue (7) directed upwards; an upwardly directed end (8), spaced at a certain distance from the upwardly directed tongue; and an upward groove (9) formed between the upward tongue (7) and the upward end (8); wherein the upwardly directed groove (9) is configured to receive at least part of the downwardly directed tongue (10) of the second connecting part (4) of the other panel (1). The side of the upward tongue (7) facing the upward end (8) represents the inner surface of the upward tongue (7), and the side of the upward tongue (7) facing away from the upward end (8) represents the outer surface of the upward-pointing tongue (7).

The second connecting part (4) contains a downwardly directed tongue (10); downward end (11), spaced at a certain distance from the downward tongue (10); and a downward groove (12) formed between the downward tongue (10) and the downward end (11); wherein the downwardly directed groove (12) is configured to receive at least part of the upwardly directed tongue (7) of the first connecting part (3) of the other panel (1). The side of the downward tongue (10) facing the downward end (11) represents the inner surface of the downward tongue (10), and the side of the downward tongue (10) facing away from the downward end (11) represents the outer surface of the downward tongue (10).

The upper (13) side of the upward tongue (7) is inclined relative to the plane (P) of the panel (1) such that the upper side (13) of the upward tongue (7) contains the highest point (14). The top (15) side of the downward groove (12) is also inclined relative to the plane (P) of the panel (1) such that the top side (15) of the downward groove (12) contains the highest point (16).

The upward tongue (7) is characterized by a width (W) measured in the plane (P) of the panel, with the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) being less than 50%, and preferably less than 25%, of the width from the outer surface upward directed tongue. The downward groove (12) is also characterized by a width measured in the plane (P) of the panel, with the highest point of the downward groove (12) being less than 50%, and preferably less than 25% of the width from the downward end (11).

In the embodiment of the present invention, which is illustrated in FIG. 1, the width (W) of the upward facing tongue (7) is indicated as the width without any additional features that may be present on the tongue (7). As shown in FIG. 1, the outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7) is provided with a first locking element (17), and the downwardly directed end is provided with a second locking element (18), both of which locking elements cooperate with each other to engage the panels (1) vertically and/or preventing their separation by rotational movement.

Due to the slope of the top side of the upward tongue (7), the upward tongue (7) is thickest on the outer side of the upward tongue (7). This is usually the side of the upward tongue (7) that is most susceptible to damage during coupling and transport, as it is the part that most often protrudes. Due to the fact that this side has the greatest thickness, a stronger connecting part (3) can be obtained.

Preferably, this (full) top surface (13) has an inclined orientation, with this top surface (13) more preferably extending upward away from the upward facing end (8). This sloping top surface can thus also act as a leveling edge, which further facilitates the adhesion of the panels. The phrase leveling edge may be replaced by the phrase guiding edge or guiding surface. An upper surface of the upwardly directed tongue intersects an outer side surface of the upwardly directed tongue, said outer side surface optionally being provided with a first locking element. Said outer side surface preferably has a substantially vertical orientation. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the first closure element is located on a substantially vertical portion of the upwardly directed tongue such that, above and below the closure element, the upwardly directed tongue is characterized by the presence of a substantially

- 12 044648 vertically oriented surface.

The amount of inclination of the top surface or upper side of the upward tongue is preferably 10-45 degrees, more preferably -25-35 degrees, and most preferably about 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane or plane (P) of the panel (1). The angle of inclination of the top surface of the upward tongue is preferably constant, meaning that the top surface has a flat orientation. In a preferred embodiment, the top side of the downward groove has a preferably the same (compared to the slope of the top surface of the upward tongue (if used)) inclined orientation. The upper surface of the downward groove forms the lower surface of the transition portion connecting the downward tongue to the core.

In fig. 2 schematically shows two panels in a state of engagement, the panels (1) being similar to those shown in FIG. 1. Components substantially identical or similar to those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same position numbers.

And in fig. 1, and in FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which the inner surfaces of the tongues (7, 10) are at least partially inclined towards the core (2). Due to this, a closed groove type system is formed, which facilitates the fixation of interconnected panels (1). To engage or lock such a closed slot type system, it is generally necessary for at least one of the connecting parts (3, 4) to be deformed, at least temporarily, to create sufficient space or volume required to effect the engagement. Since the upper sides (13, 15) of the upward tongue (13) and the downward groove (15) have an inclined orientation, the second transition portion (26) connecting the core (2) with the downward tongue (10) is characterized by a minimum thickness at the point , where the highest point (16) of the downward groove is located. Deformation will most likely be observed precisely at this highest point (16) and, accordingly, in the area of the second transition part (26) of minimum thickness, since in this place deformation will be prevented by a minimum volume of material.

Since this deformation point is located near the downward end, the distance between the end of the outer side of the downward tongue and the deformation point will be relatively large. This increased distance lengthens the so-called arm and thus reduces the force that must be applied to the end of the second connecting part (4) in order to engage the two panels (1) together. In the state of interlocking of two abutting floor panels (1), the upper surface of the downward groove is preferably at least partially, and more preferably substantially completely, supported by the upper surface of the upward tongue, which imparts additional strength to the joint itself. In this regard, it is advantageous that the inclination of the upper surface of the downward groove substantially corresponds to the inclination of the upper surface of the upward tongue. This means that the angle of inclination of the top surface of the downward groove is preferably in the range of 10-45 degrees, more preferably in the range of 25-35 degrees, and most preferably about 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane or plane (P) panels (1). As noted above, this slope can be either flat, or rounded, or even hook-shaped. In fig. 2 shows an embodiment with a small gap between the inclined parts.

In fig. 3-7 show embodiments of the present invention similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Again, components substantially identical or similar to those shown in FIG. 1 and 2 are marked with the same position numbers. In all figs. 3, 4, 5 and 7 show closed slot systems similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Fig. 3 differs from Fig. 1, for example, in that the transition between the top side (16) of the downward groove (12) and the downward end (11) is rounded or curved, the same being true for the transition between the top side (13) of the upward tongue (7) and the outer surface of the upward-pointing tongue (7).

In fig. 4 and 5 show embodiments of the present invention in which the outer surface of the downward facing tongue (10) is provided with a third locking member (19) and the upward facing end (8) is provided with a fourth locking member (20). In this embodiment, the outer surface of the upward tongue (7) and the downward end (11) are not provided with locking elements, although these components may also be provided with locking elements, as shown in FIG. 1-3, along with the third and fourth closure members (19, 20) shown. An intermediate space is provided between the outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7) and the downwardly directed end (11). In fig. 4 The upward facing tongue (7) is shown in a curved orientation. This bent state provides an active closing force that actively pulls the two panels (1) towards each other. This bending of the upward tongue (7) causes the top side (13) of the upward tongue (7) to be horizontal. To facilitate downward bending of the upwardly directed tongue (7), a space (24) is provided under the upwardly directed tongue (7). This space is also shown in Fig. 5.

- 13 044648

In fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2, but which also includes a space (24) under the upwardly directed tongue (7), and optionally also under at least part of the transition section connecting the upwardly directed tongue (7) to the core (2). In the embodiment that is shown in FIG. 6, the outer surface of the downward tongue (10) runs at an angle to the downward end (8), as a result of which a gap is formed between the two panels (1) in the adhesion state. The mutual opening angle of the edges can be in the range of 0-10 degrees, and in the preferred embodiment it is in the range of 0-5 degrees, and is usually about 2-3 degrees.

In fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which the slope of the top sides (13, 15) of both the upward tongue (7) and the downward groove (12) is greater than the slope in the preceding figures, resulting in a steeper angle. In addition, the downward tongue (10) shown in FIG. 6 has a different shape in which the outer surface of the downward tongue has a slightly greater angle of inclination than in the other figures. Similar to Fig. 4 and 5, a space (24) is provided under the upwardly directed tongue (7).

In fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the present invention which differs from the previous embodiments in that it shows an open slot type system. The inner surfaces of the tongues (7, 10) are inclined away from the core (2), and not towards it. This open slot system provides easier connection or engagement than a closed slot system, but does not provide the same locking effect. As shown in FIG. 8, the width (W) of the upward tongue (7) is measured from the point at which the transition from the upward groove to the upward tongue can be observed. In this open groove type system, this point, for example, is the lowest point of the groove or the location with the sharpest transition on the curve from the upward groove to the top side or outer surface of the upward tongue.

In fig. 9 and 10 show two modified versions of FIG. 7 and 8, respectively. In both of these embodiments, the downward tongue (10) is further provided with a sideways tongue (23), and the downward end (8) is provided with a sideways groove (22) for receiving the sideways tongue (23). In both embodiments, this allows the two panels (1) to engage in a pivoting, hinged or angular motion, with the laterally directed tongue partially engaging in the laterally directed groove at a certain angle and the panels being angled relative to each other. Because the top side of the upward end is sloped and increases in size as it approaches the outer surface of the tongue, during angular rotation the thickest portion of the upward tongue may appear relatively late, which facilitates adhesion. As shown in FIG. 9 and 10, this applies to both the closed slot system (see FIG. 9) and the open slot system (see FIG. 10). To facilitate engagement in the closed groove type system shown in FIG. 9, a space (24) may be provided under the upwardly directed tongue (7).

A vertical plane (V) may be used to separate the sideways tongue (23) and sideways groove (22) from the downside tongue (10) and upside end (8). At the top of the junction of two panels (1), the panels come into contact with each other. At this stage, a vertical line (virtual) or a line perpendicular to the panel plane can be drawn. Any portion extending beyond this line may be considered part of the sideways tongue (23) or groove (22).

Thus, the innovative ideas of the present invention described above are illustrated by several examples of its implementation. At the same time, it is quite acceptable that individual innovative ideas can be applied without any details, and - accordingly - with the use of other details of the described example implementation. There is no need to detail examples of the implementation of all possible combinations of the innovative ideas described above, since it is clear to a person skilled in the art that a variety of innovative ideas can be combined/recombined for a specific application. For example, it is conceivable that features or elements of a rotary joint or open slot system could be applied to a self-latching system or a closed slot system, or vice versa. It should be understood that the claimed invention is not limited to the working examples illustrated and described herein, and that various other embodiments are possible within the scope of the appended claims, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art. The term contains and its derivatives as used in this patent publication should be understood not only to mean contains, but also to mean includes, essentially consists of, is formed by, and derivatives of these phrases.

-

Claims (17)

CLAIM 1. Panel (1), in particular a floor panel or a wall panel, comprising: a centrally located core (2), characterized by the presence of an upper side (2a) and a lower side (2b), with the core (2) defining a plane (P); wherein the distance between the upper side (2a) and the lower side (2b) determines the thickness (T) of the panel (1); at least one first connecting part (3) and at least one second connecting part (4), which are located on opposite sides of the core (2), and the first connecting part (3) and the second connecting part (4) of another panel (1 ) are arranged in such a way that they interlock by making a downward movement or a vertical movement; wherein the first connecting part (3) contains a tongue (7) directed upwards; at least one upwardly directed end (8), spaced at a certain distance from the upwardly directed tongue; and an upward groove (9) formed between the upward tongue (7) and the upward end (8); wherein the upwardly directed groove (9) is configured to receive at least part of the downwardly directed tongue (10) of the second connecting part (4) of the other panel (1), with the side of the upwardly directed tongue (7) facing the upwardly directed end (8) represents the inner surface of the upward tongue (7), and the side of the upward tongue (7) facing away from the upward end (8) represents the outer surface of the upward tongue (V); wherein the second connecting part (4) contains a tongue (10) directed downwards; at least one downwardly directed end (11), spaced at a certain distance from the downwardly directed tongue (10); and a downward groove (12) formed between the downward tongue (10) and the downward end (11); wherein the downward groove (12) is configured to receive at least a portion of the upward tongue (7) of the first connecting part (3) of the other panel (1), the side of the downward tongue (10) facing the downward end ( 11) represents the inner surface of the downward tongue (10), and the side of the downward tongue (10) facing away from the downward end (11) represents the outer surface of the downward tongue (10); wherein at least part of the inner surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7) is inclined towards the upwardly directed tongue (8), and at least part of the inner surface of the downwardly directed tongue (10) is inclined towards the downward end (11), and wherein at least a portion of the upper side (13) of the upwardly directed tongue (7) is inclined relative to the plane (P) of the panel (1) such that the upper side (13) of the upwardly directed tongue contains the highest point (14), and at the same time, at least a portion of the upper side (15) of the downward groove (12) is inclined relative to the plane (P) of the panel (1) such that the upper side (15) of the downward groove (12) contains the highest point (16); and wherein the upward tongue (7) has a width measured in the plane (P) of the panel, wherein the highest point of the upward tongue (7) is spaced from the outer surface of the upward tongue by a distance of less than 50%, and preferably less than 25% of width of the tongue (7), and at the same time the downwardly directed groove (12) has a width measured in the plane (P) of the panel, and the highest point of the downwardly directed groove (12) is spaced from the downwardly directed end (11) of the groove (12) at a distance of less than than 50%, and preferably less than 25%, of the width of the groove (12). 2. Panel (1) according to claim 1, wherein the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) is located closer to the outer surface of the upward tongue (7) than to the inner surface of the upward tongue (7), and/or in this case, the highest point (16) of the downward groove (12) is located closer to the downward end (11) than to the inner surface of the downward tongue (10). 3. Panel (1) according to any of the preceding paragraphs, in which the distance between the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) and the outer surface of the upward tongue (7) in the plane (P) of the panels (1) and/or the distance between the highest point (16) of the downward-directed groove (12) and the downward-directed end (11) in the plane (P) of the panels (1) is more than 10 times less than the thickness of the panel (1). 4. The panel (1) according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the upper side (13) of the upwardly directed tongue (7) is located between the inner surface and the outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7), and in which the inclined part of the upper side (13) of the upwardly directed the top of the tongue (7) is the straight part. 5. Panel (1) according to any of the previous paragraphs, in which at least part of the inner surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7) is inclined away from the upwardly directed end (8), and the angle of inclination lies in the range of 0.5-10 degrees, this angle being preferably measured relative to a direction perpendicular to the plane (P) of the panel (1). - 15 044648 6. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7) contains a first locking element (17), and/or in which the downwardly directed end (11) is provided with a second locking element (18), wherein in a preferred embodiment, the first and second locking elements (17, 18) are designed to interact with each other. 7. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the outer surface of the downwardly directed tongue (10) contains a third locking element (19), and/or in which the upwardly directed end (8) contains a fourth locking element (20), wherein in a preferred embodiment, the third and fourth locking elements (19, 20) are designed to interact with each other. 8. Panel (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transition between the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) and the outer surface of the upward tongue is rounded, and/or the transition between the highest point (16) of the downward groove (12) ) and the downward end (11) is also rounded. 9. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein between the panels (1), when they are in an interlocked state, a number of gaps (21) are provided, preferably selected from the group consisting of: a) the gap between the outer surface of the downward facing tongue and the upward facing end; b) the gap between the outer surface of the upward facing tongue and the downward facing end; c) the gap between the upward tongue and the downward groove; d) the gap between the downward tongue and the upward groove; e) the clearance between the highest point of the upward tongue and the highest point of the downward groove; f) the gap under the upward tongue, extending towards the downward end. 10. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the core (2) contains a composite material, preferably selected from the group consisting of: a) a mineral material, for example magnesium oxide, and a synthetic material, for example a thermoplastic material, the volume of the mineral material being at least 50% of the core material, and preferably at least 60-70%; b) a filler such as chalk or dust, and a synthetic material such as a thermoplastic material, the volume of the filler being at least 50% of the core material, and preferably at least 60-70%; And c) an extruded mixture, whereby, for example, two different materials are mixed and then extruded. 11. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the first connecting part (3) includes a first transition part (25) located between the core (2) and the upward tongue (7), and in which the second connecting part (4 ) contains a second transition part (26) located between the core (2) and the downwardly directed tongue (10), and the first transition part (25) is characterized by the presence of a weakened region of reduced thickness, facilitating the deformation of the first transition part (25) during engagement, and /or the second transition part (26) is characterized by the presence of a weakened region (27) of reduced thickness, facilitating the deformation of the second transition part (26) during engagement, while, in particular, the second transition part is characterized by the smallest thickness closest to the core. 12. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the outer surface of the upwardly directed tongue (7) is located at a distance (D), measured in the plane (P) of the panel, from the upwardly directed end (8), and the distance (D) less than the thickness (T) of the core (2). 13. Panel (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel is made elongated, and in which first and second connecting parts are provided on the end sides of the panel, and the longitudinal sides are preferably provided with a rotating locking profile or also provided with first and second connecting parts in parts. 14. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the highest point (14) of the upward tongue (7) is located closer to the outer surface of the upward tongue (7) compared to the upward groove (9), and/or in in which the highest point (16) of the downward groove (12) is located closer to the downward end (11) in comparison with the downward tongue (10). 15. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the upwardly directed end is provided with a substantially laterally directed groove (22) for receiving a laterally directed tongue (23), and/or in which the outer surface of the downwardly directed tongue (10) is provided with a directional sideways with a tongue (23), configured to be received by a sideways-directed groove (22). 16. Panel (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the width (W) of the upward tongue is less than the width, in particular the maximum width of the upward groove, covered by the inner surface of the upward tongue (7) and the upward end (8). 17. Panel (1) according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the width of the downward tongue (10) is greater than the width, in particular the maximum width of the downward groove (12), spanning - -