EA044310B1 - CRUSHING PLANT - Google Patents

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to a crushing device for brittle or crumbling material.

State of the art

Australian Patent No. 618545 relates to a suspended shaft cone crusher comprising a bowl having a chamber for receiving material to be crushed, the bowl having a central outlet at its base. A crushing head with an axis of circular motion is generally centrally located in the outlet opening, with the crushing space spaced away from the throat wall, defining an annular gap. The crushing head is driven by a drive assembly that allows the crushing head to move in a circular and oscillating manner around a pivot point to crush the material into smaller particle sizes.

Until recently, cone crushing plants were successfully used, for example, in iron ore mining processes. However, market conditions in mining industries such as iron ore are dynamic and consumer demand for different types of ore may change. For example, iron ore is supplied in small and large size fractions. As this terminology indicates, these ores differ both in size and sometimes in iron oxide content.

When customers required coarse ore fractions with larger particle sizes, the cone crusher described above performed the job with increased failure rates and reduced material throughput. In fact, requirements have increased to the point where customer demand for the crushing plant described above is declining and the need for a possible replacement has increased, given that the cone crushing plant described, for example, in Australian Patent No. 618545 has become fundamentally unsuitable for the application. This description does not imply that the potential problems are limited to one industry of iron ore mining, and the problems mentioned may also occur in relation to other types of ore, for example, in the non-ferrous metals mining industry. Similar problems can also be expected in other fossil resource industries.

Solving the problem of multiple crushing plant failures involves a wide range of issues. For example, regardless of ore size, the crushing plant must have a limited footprint to accommodate existing design and technical constraints, particularly when used for sampling purposes, and must be integrated with other appropriate equipment to enable sampling. in process (i.e. during transportation of large pieces of material). Since capital cost is always a significant constraint in the resource extraction industry, proposals for alternatives that require secondary/additional crushing of material beyond the crushing already provided before sending the material to the cone crusher for use in sampling, or alternative crusher design solutions, leading to an increase in their mass and requiring the provision of significant support infrastructure are unsatisfactory solutions.

Disclosure of the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to address the maintenance problems inherent in existing cone crushing plants that are encountered by consumers due to the unsatisfactory performance and capabilities of the crushing plants, particularly when larger sized ore fractions need to be processed.

In view of this object, the present invention provides a crushing apparatus for friable or crumbly material, comprising a bowl having a chamber for receiving said material and an outlet located at its base, wherein said outlet defines a neck having a circular wall, and wherein the bowl has a central axis;

a crushing head located in said outlet opening, having a crushing surface spatially separated from said circular wall of said neck, defining a gap between said circular wall and the crushing surface of said crushing head, wherein said crushing head has an axis of circular motion passing at an angle to the central axis ; and a drive unit including a transmission and a rotating eccentric shaft for driving said crushing head in said bowl and about said axis of rotation into a rocking motion, wherein said bowl contains a feed and outlet portions, each defined by a wall, and which are separated by a middle portion of said bowl, also defined by a wall, wherein the thickness of said wall, defining at least the middle section of said bowl, is greater than the thickness of the wall of the outlet section.

The wall of the bowl's feed section may have approximately the same thickness as the wall of the bowl's outlet section. Both of the outer and inner surfaces of each respective wall of the feed portion and the discharge portion are preferably circular (resulting in a cylindrical shape of the feed and discharge portions), and preferably they are concentric. A preferred bowl cavity configuration comprises two intersecting frusto-conical portions defined by the wall of the middle portion, with the first frusto-conical portion forming the upper portion of the bowl and tapering downward, preferably at an angle of 30 to 35° from the central axis. The second section in the shape of a truncated cone, forming the lower section of the bowl, narrows in the upward direction. The thickest section of the bowl walls, representing the wall of the intermediate section, is preferably aligned with the plane in which the first and second sections in the shape of a truncated cone intersect, preferably near the middle of the depth of the bowl. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the bowl cavity in this plane is the smallest. This plane also preferably extends along the transverse central axis of the bowl. The outer surface of the bowl is desirably generally smooth and not ribbed to avoid loss of flexural strength. The wall of the middle portion preferably comprises a solid material with a wedge-shaped or triangular cross-section, the apex of this cross-section being located near the mid-depth of the bowl. The wedge-shaped portion preferably has the shape of an equilateral or obtuse triangle, one side of which corresponds to the inner wall of the upper portion of the bowl, and the other side corresponds to the inner wall of the lower portion of the bowl, the latter side having a shorter length. Increased flexural strength is associated with increased crushing efficiency.

In a preferred embodiment, the crushing head includes a cap or head casing made of wear-resistant material, and preferably the head cap includes two parallel vertically extending side walls (preferably a cylindrical portion of the head cap, and thereby providing a substantially cylindrical head cap shape) connected at the top of the vault section. The parallel side walls of the head cap, extending in the vertical direction, can also be made solid with a lower crushing surface in the shape of a truncated cone. The parallel geometry helps reduce or eliminate problems with material blowout from the crusher bowl, a problem associated with reduced crushing efficiency. The wall of the crown portion preferably has the greatest thickness among the head cap portions defined above; in particular, in the area where the arch section meets the parallel side walls of the head cap. This wall thickness may decrease downward along the parallel sidewalls and crushing surface of the cap or head casing due to the reduced stress profile in these areas compared to the crown area. The vault area may contribute to some fragmentation of the material fed into the crusher.

Preferably, a portion of the adjustment means for adjusting the height of the bowl may be located in the wall of the middle portion in a manner that is not provided in the crushing plant of the prior art. The preferred adjustment means includes a plurality of rod holes spaced around the perimeter of the middle portion and located in spaced holes spaced circumferentially around and partially through the middle portion. The bolts cooperate with a clamp or similar means that can be actuated to rotate the bowl and adjust its height, preferably in cooperation with a threaded portion of the bowl, as described below.

Preferably, the crushing plant includes a housing, known as a support frame, for supporting the crushing plant and housing the drive assembly and lubrication system. The bowl, which is preferably a replaceable component that may be supplied separately, is connected to the support cross by suitable means, which may include a combination of fasteners, such as bolts, sufficient to maintain a secure connection during operation of the crushing plant. Preferably, the outer wall of the outlet portion of the cone may be threaded, allowing threaded connection with the threaded hole of the spider. Such a threaded connection may have a plurality of threads which are selected to allow the height of the bowl to be adjusted in combination with the use of the adjustment means bolts described above. The crosspiece can be connected to the frame or other surface through a flange or plate.

Preferably, the crushing plant includes a separate feed section through which the material is preferably fed into the bowl by gravity. The feed section may form part of the bowl, but preferably there is a separate feed hopper located above the bowl, which is connected to the bowl by suitable fastening means. The feed section, whether provided with a hopper or not, preferably includes a raised vertical section with walls that are preferably at a slight angle to the longitudinal central axis to directly feed material in the desired direction to the gap of the crushing plant. Preferably, the cap or head casing is enclosed within the bowl and hopper, with a portion of the crown extending a short distance into the hopper. This feature helps to reduce or eliminate the problem of material ejection, especially lump material.

The main drive of the drive unit may include an electric motor or engine to provide power to the rotating eccentric shaft through the drive unit or power unit,

- 2 044310 including a transmission system, preferably located at the base of the crushing plant. The rotating eccentric shaft is coupled to an output shaft of the transmission system, the input shaft of the transmission system being rotated by a suitable drive such as a belt drive connecting the output shaft of the main drive and the input shaft of the transmission system via a belt or gear drive. The head cover is prevented from rotating, preferably by the bearing assembly(s) between the eccentric shaft and the head cover, due to the rotation of the head cover. Instead, it causes the head cap to move in a circular or rocking motion around an axis of circular motion without rotating the head cap itself about the eccentric shaft.

Preferably, the crushing plant components in further embodiments of the invention are available as separate, replaceable components. For example, both the hopper and the bowl, as described above, can be replaced during routine or emergency maintenance.

If the hopper is provided as a separate replacement component, the hopper, as described above, preferably includes a raised vertical portion with walls preferably at a slight angle to the longitudinal central axis, as described above, to guide the bulk load of material in the desired direction towards clearance of the crushing plant and to increase the loading area of the material.

Other components of the crushing plant are similarly replaceable with maintenance, which is preferably provided on a regular and planned basis to minimize the risk of failure during service life.

The crushing plant, as described above, can crush feed material to a larger fraction size (e.g. +60%) than prior cone crushing plants supplied by the applicant, with minimized risk of failure and higher availability and operating levels while minimizing power requirements for a certain value of pressure during crushing; Moreover, these advantages are achieved with the same overall overall size compared to previously created cone crushing plants. In this regard, the preferred substantially cylindrical geometric shape of the head cap with its parallel vertical sides, together with the passage of the arch section a short distance into the hopper, results in the head cap being enclosed in the cavity of the bowl and hopper, essentially moving the downward zone crushing and essentially eliminating lump ejection and associated inefficient crushing. At the same time, the crushing plant can be located within the same area or indoor space that is available for previously built crushing plants, making upgrading a simple task.

Carrying out the invention

The crushing apparatus of the invention will be more clearly understood in view of the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, which is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1a is a schematic side sectional view of a prior art cone crushing plant;

fig. 1b is an orthogonal view of the cone crushing plant of FIG. 1a;

fig. 2 is an orthogonal view of a cone crushing plant according to one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a detailed cross-sectional side view of the cone crushing plant of FIG. 2;

fig. 4 is a partial orthogonal view of a crushing plant, which is an additional embodiment of the crushing plant of the present invention;

fig. 4a is a schematic sectional side view of the upper portion of a crushing plant, showing the bowl, hopper, crushing head and rotating shaft in operation;

fig. 5 is an orthogonal schematic side sectional view of the upper section of the crushing plant, showing the bowl, hopper, crushing head and rotating shaft in operation;

fig. 6 is an orthogonal schematic side sectional view of the upper section of the crushing plant, similar to FIG. 5 and showing a sectional view of the rotating shaft;

fig. 7 is a top view of the bowl shown in FIG. 4-6;

fig. 8 is a side view of the bowl shown in FIG. 4-7;

fig. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of the bowl shown in FIG. 4-8;

fig. 10 is an orthogonal view of the hopper shown in FIG. 4a-6;

fig. 11 is a sectional side view of the hopper shown in FIG. 4a-6;

fig. 12 is a sectional side view of the hopper shown in FIG. 4a-6, 10 and 11;

fig. 13 is a side view of the crushing head shown in FIG. 4-6;

fig. 14 is a cross-sectional side view of the crushing head shown in FIG. 4-6 and 13;

fig. 15 is a side view of the rotating shaft of the crushing plant shown in FIG. 4a-6;

fig. 16 is a cross-sectional side view of the rotating shaft of the crushing plant shown in FIG. 4a-6 and 15.

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Referring to FIG. 1a and 1b, a prior art cone crushing plant 1 for crushing iron ore samples is shown, having a crushing head 2 connected to a rotating eccentric shaft 3 by a roller bearing assembly 3a located in the cavity of the bowl 4. The eccentric shaft 3 extends in the direction of the circular axis 1a movement located at an angle to the central axis 1a of the crushing plant 1, which also corresponds to the central axis (or axis of symmetry) of the bowl 4.

The crushing head 2, which is symmetrical about the axis of circular motion 1a, contains a bell-shaped or truncated cone-shaped wear-resistant cap or head casing 2a, bolted to the sleeve or supporting body 2b by means of bolts 2c distributed along the circumference. The head cap 2a, having a lower crushing surface 2d in the shape of a truncated cone with relatively significant dimensions in relation to the dimensions of the head cap, and a smaller arch section 2aa connecting to each other the side sections 2e, which diverge at a slight angle, is bolted to the rotating sleeve 2b by means of bolts 2c distributed around the circumference. Section 2aa of the arch has an almost constant thickness.

The bowl cavity 4a has a feed portion 4b including an upper flange 4ba, and an outlet portion 4d separated by a middle portion 4c that includes a circular wall 4k. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the wall thickness throughout sections 4b-d of the bowl 4 is approximately constant. The bowl has a ribbed outer wall, and the ribs 4e, which are distributed around the perimeter of the bowl 4, are shown in FIG. 1b.

The bowl 4 has a threaded outlet portion 4da 4d connected to a body known as the main spider 5 by circumferential bolts 35 extending through the bolt holes 47 and into the bolt holes of the spider 5. This provides a secure connection during crushing. The spider 5 supports the bowl 4 and accommodates the drive unit 6 for transmitting power from a main drive such as an engine through the transmission 6a to rotate the eccentric shaft 3. As shown in FIG. 1a, the cross 5 has a base flange 9 connected by bolts inserted through bolt holes 9a located at the corners of the base flange 9 to the floor/frame of the iron ore processing plant.

Regarding the operation of the crushing plant 1, the eccentric shaft 3 is connected to the flat toothed wheel 6b driven by the output gear 6c connected to the output shaft 6d of the transmission 6a. The output shaft 6d is connected to a pulley 6e driven by a belt (not shown). The lower end of the eccentric shaft 3 is connected on an axis in the lower bearing assembly 7, connected to a lubrication system including an oil pump 8. When the flat gear or eccentric 6b rotates, the eccentric shaft 3 also rotates, and due to the connection of the eccentric shaft 3 with the carrier The body or sleeve 2b of the crushing head 2 and the head cap 2a, through suitable bearing assemblies known in the art, cause a circular or rocking movement of the crushing head 2 in the bowl cavity 4a. The circular motion causes the head cap 2a to gradually cyclically approach and move away from the circular wall 4k, with each cycle representing an oscillation of the crushing head 2. As the head cap 2a approaches the circular wall 4k, a material with dimensions larger than the size of the gap between the two elements, is gradually crushed due to both the action of the crushing head 2 and the spontaneous interaction between the particles of the material, and is directed down to the outlet chamber 5a of the cross 5.

The crushing unit 1 works well with smaller iron ore particle sizes, with particle sizes less than about 40-50 mm. However, as the particle size increased beyond 40-50 mm, failures occurred frequently and at unacceptably short intervals. As a result, users of crushing plant 1 were forced to look for other sample crushing plant options. Failures occur primarily in the crown 2aa of the head cap 2a along the horizontal plane at the top of the bowl 4, with jamming of the crusher 1 also being a potential problem for large lump ore particle sizes. Another problem with the diverging sides 2e of the head cap 2a is that pieces are ejected from the crusher 1, which reduces efficiency while also causing wear of the head cap 2a.

Referring to FIG. 2 and 3, crusher 10 is shown which is also designed to crush lump iron ore (although crusher 10 may be used to crush other types of ore and other friable materials). The crusher 10 may be used in sample crushing applications, although this is not meant to limit the scope of potential applications as it is understood that cone crushers have high throughput and can be used in production applications.

The crushing plant 10 has an upper portion 10A containing a bowl 104 having a chamber 104a for receiving fed lump iron ore and an outlet 104j located at its base. The outlet 104j defines a neck having a circular wall 104k. The bowl 104 may be configured as shown in FIG. 2 and 3, with a substantially smooth cylindrical outer surface on its middle portion wall 104c or, as shown in FIG. 4-9, with circumferential recesses 104g having rod holes 104h used to engage a tool to adjust the height of the bowl 104 relative to the support spider 105 and the size of the gap, as described below.

- 4 044310

The bowl 104 includes loading and discharging walls 104b and 104d separated by a mid-portion wall 104c, the thickness of the mid-portion wall 104c being greater than the thickness of the loading and discharging walls 104b and 104d, respectively. Surprisingly, the wall thickness of the feed section and the middle section, and therefore their flexural strength, should be greater than that of the outlet section of the bowl 104, despite significant cyclic forces during the crushing process. The intermediate portion wall 104c has a solid wedge-shaped or triangular-shaped cross-section, more particularly having the shape of an unequal triangle.

Turning next to the configuration of the bowl cavity 104a, the latter comprises two intersecting frustocone-shaped portions, each defined by an intermediate portion wall 104c, the first portion forming the loading chamber 104m of the bowl 104a and tapering downwardly from a larger dimension and at a greater acute angle. (32° compared to 21° to the central axis) than in the case of the bowl cavity 4a of the crushing unit 1. The second portion forming the bowl crushing chamber 104n tapers in the upward direction. The thickest portion of the wall of the bowl 104a is aligned with plane A along the transverse central axis of the bowl 104a at which the first and second portions, or the loading and crushing chambers 104m, 104n, intersect. In this plane, the cross-sectional area of the bowl cavity 104a is smallest.

The feed wall 104b of the bowl 104 has approximately the same thickness as the bottom portion 104da of the outlet portion 104d of the bowl 104. The outer wall surfaces of both the feed portion 104a and the bottom outlet portion 104da are substantially cylindrical and symmetrical or concentric about the central axis 101a . The outer surface of the bowl 104 is smooth, and unlike the crushing plant 1 shown in FIG. 1 and 2, is not made in a ribbed configuration to prevent a decrease in bending strength. Despite the greater flexural strength, failure will also occur after a certain number of oscillations or crushing cycles. As such, bowl 104 is a replaceable component that may be supplied separately for installation as part of a repair or preventative maintenance program.

As shown in FIG. 2-6, the crushing head 102 is located in the outlet opening 104j of the bowl cavity 104a. The circular motion axis 101b extends along the eccentric shaft 103 at an angle (about 2°) to the central axis 101a. As with the crushing head 2, the crushing head 102, which is symmetrical about the axis of circular motion 1a, includes a wear-resistant head cap or casing 102a bolted to the sleeve 102b by means of circumferentially distributed bolts 102c inserted through bolt holes 102ca as shown. in fig. 13 and 14.

The head cap 102a has a lower crushing surface 102d in the shape of a truncated cone, integral with a cylindrical portion 102e having a dome 102aa, these portions of the head cap 102a defining a hollow opening 102f for receiving the crushing head support body 102. The wall of the crown 102aa is thickest (e.g., 5-6 mm) in areas 102ab where the crown 102aa meets the cylindrical section 102e, with this thickness tapering downward toward the bottom of the head cap 102a due to the lower stress profile in the cylindrical section 102e and crushing surface 102d compared to the arch portion 102aa. The roof portion 102aa is designed to promote fragmentation of the material. It should be noted that, unlike the diverging walls 2e of the head cap 2a, the vertically extending side walls of the cylindrical portion 102e are substantially parallel along their length, providing a substantially cylindrical shape for the head cap 102a. This results in a small but, as will be described below, important increase in the working volume of the bowl cavity 104a and the crushing unit 10.

The crushing surface 102d is spatially separated from the circular wall 104k, defining an annular gap of cyclically varying size, which is typical of cone crushing plants. The structure is such that iron ore or other friable or crumbling material fed into the bowl cavity 104a is crushed by the movement of the crushing head 102 relative to the circular wall 104k, with opposite sides of the crushing head 102 interacting with the lower surface of the circular neck wall 104k, maintaining space clearance throughout the full oscillation of the crushing head 102.

The rotating eccentric shaft 103 is axially coupled to a roller bearing assembly 103d located in an opening of the crushing head support body 102b, as shown in FIG. 3. The eccentric shaft 103, shown in detail in FIG. 3-6, 15 and 16, contains three one-piece sections made of 4140 steel with a tensile strength of about 925 MPa: a middle section 103a, an upper section 103b and a lower section 103c. This represents a significantly higher (eg 46%) tensile stress than that of the eccentric shaft 3 of the crushing plant 1. The middle portion 103a is cylindrical and has the largest diameter of the three portions. The upper portion 103a includes a frustoconical portion and a cylindrical portion, both of which extend at an angle from the longitudinal central axis of the eccentric shaft (which is aligned with the longitudinal central axis 101a of the crushing unit 10) along the circular motion axis 101b. In the drawings this angle is exaggerated and is about 2°. Both the upper portion 103a and the lower portion 103c have

- 5 044310 cylindrical sections that are axially connected to the corresponding roller bearing assemblies 103d and 107. They require lubrication by oil pumped from the oil pump 108, including through an oil line 103e passing through the eccentric shaft 103. The roller bearing assemblies 103d, together with the seal 103f, allow the eccentric shaft 103 to rotate without causing rotation of the crushing head 102. Instead, rocking is caused. or circular motion of the crushing head 102 including the head cap 102a about the circular motion axis 101b during operation of the crushing unit 10, resulting in gradual crushing.

The bowl outlet portion 104d has a threaded portion 104da threadedly connected to a complementary threaded housing bore known as the support spider 105. The connection also includes circumferential bolts 45 extending through the bolt holes 47 of the flange 104ba in engagement with the cup 104 , and into the bolt holes of the crosspiece 105. This ensures a reliable connection during crushing. A support spider 105 supports the bowl 104 and accommodates a powertrain drive assembly 106 for transmitting power from a main drive, such as an engine, through a transmission 106a to rotate an eccentric shaft 103, the lower end of which, like the upper end, is connected to an axle in the lower roller assembly 107 bearing. The spider 105 also houses the oil pump of the lubrication system 108, which is connected to the roller bearing assembly 107.

As shown in FIG. 2 and 4, the support cross 105 has a base flange 109 connected by bolts (not shown) inserted through bolt holes 109a (as shown in FIG. 2) located at the corners of the base flange 109 to the frame/floor of the iron ore processing plant. . It should be noted that the area of the base flange 109 is equal to the area of the base flange 9 for the crushing plant 1. This illustrates both the design limitation and the advantage of the crushing plant 10 that when replacing the crushing plant 1, achieving the advantages described above and further described below, no additional indoor space is required and upgrading is easy.

Preferably, the crushing plant 10 includes, as shown in FIG. 4a - 6, a hopper 110 connected to a bowl 104 and a support cross 105 through which material is fed by gravity into the bowl 104, preferably by bulk loading as understood in the field of crushing technology. As shown in detail in FIG. 10-12, the hopper 110 includes respective upper and lower flanges 1106a and 110c integrally formed with a raised vertical portion with walls 110b at a slight angle a to the vertical to direct the feed material in a desired direction to the crusher clearance. and to increase the loading area of iron ore or the loading area for other materials fed into the crushing plant. The flange 110a has bolt holes 110ba that allow the same bolts 45 that are used to connect the bowl 104 to the support cross 105 to secure the hopper 110 to the bowl 104 and, indirectly, to the support cross 105. It can be seen that the head cap 102a is enclosed in bowl 104 and the hopper 110, with the roof 102aa extending a short distance into the hopper 110. As a result, the crushing zone is lower compared to the crushing zone of the crushing plant 1.

Regarding the details of the structure of the power unit and the operation of the crushing unit 10, the eccentric shaft 103 is connected to the power unit including a flat gear 106b driven by an output gear 106c connected to an output shaft 106d of the transmission 106a. The output shaft 106d is coupled to a pulley 106e driven by a belt drive (not shown). Rotation of the flat gear or eccentric 106b causes rocking or circular motion of the eccentric shaft 103 and the crushing head 102 to which it is connected through the bearing assemblies used in the crushing unit 1 in the bowl cavity 104a. The circular motion causes the head cap 102a to gradually cycle toward and away from the bottom surface of the circular wall 104k, with each cycle representing an oscillation of the crushing head 102. As the crushing surface 102d of the cap or head housing 102a approaches the circular wall 104k, the material is larger than the size gap between them, is crushed and directed downward into the outlet chamber 105a of the support cross 105.

The clearance of the crusher 10 may be adjusted by inserting the bolts of a tool such as a G-clamp or the like (not shown), for example, into a pair of holes 104h for the recess rods 104g. Torque is then applied to rotate the bowl 104 using the threaded connection described. The bowl height adjustment 104 adjusts the size of the gap.

As described above, the crushing plant 10 can crush feed material with a larger particle size (+60%) than prior cone crushing plants supplied by the applicant while minimizing the risk of failure and being more efficient, for example, 9% or more. At the same time, the crushing plant 10 can fit into the same space available for previously built crushing plants, making upgrading a simple task. The performance characteristics of crushing plant 10 compared to crushing plant 1 are shown in the table below for iron ore having 80% fraction within 25 mm:

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17% 25-60 mm,

2% 60-70 mm,

1% over 70 mm, for two months of operation, as shown, respectively, in table. 1 and 2.

Table 1

Crushing plant 1 Crushing plant 10 Units Availability 91.9 98.0 % Exploitation 44.7 35, 0 % Full time just me 47, 1 12.2 minutes in day Downtime due to jamming 9, 0 0, 0 minutes in day

table 2

Crushing plant 1 Crushing plant 10 Units Availability 91.9 97.3 % Exploitation 44.7 36, 0 % Full time just me 47, 1 10.2 minutes in day Downtime because of jamming 9, 0 0, 0 minutes in day

Regarding the reasons for the improved performance in terms of availability, reduced downtime and more efficient use, including lower energy consumption for a given maximum crushing pressure, finite element analysis carried out for both types of crushing plants showed a lower level of stress propagation in the middle section of the crushing plant. units 10 during crushing, including the middle portion of the head cap 102a and the wall 104c of the intermediate bowl portion due to the greater thickness and bending strength of the middle portion 104c. The tensile stress of the crown 102aa of the head cap 102a at 300 MPa was less than that of the crown 2aa of the crushing plant 1, as a result of which the service life to failure became longer. As an example, the tensile stress was reduced for different ore size fractions as follows:

a 45% reduction in tensile stress in the head cap 102a for an ore size of 25 mm;

a 67% reduction in tensile stress in the head cap 102a for an ore size of 55 mm; and a 53% reduction in tensile stress in the die cap 102a for a 70 mm ore size compared to a 55 mm ore size.

At the same time, the geometric shape of the head cap or casing 102a with its parallel vertically extending sides on the cylindrical portion 102e, along with the extension of the crown 102aa a short distance into the hopper 110, whereby the head cap 102a is enclosed in the cavity 104a of the bowl and hopper 110 , essentially eliminating the ejection of material chunks and associated inefficient crushing.

Advantages of the above-described crushing plant 10 include: acceptance of feed material < 80 mm in size;

increasing the thickness and strength of the head cap;

reduction of wear;

increased service life expectancy;

compatibility of the installation with equal installation parameters (package size) in terms of dimensions with crushing plant 1 from the state of the art, with the exception of a small (for example, 25 mm) increase in height.

Variations and variations of the crushing apparatus described herein may be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading this description. Such changes and variations are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

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Claims (14)

CLAIM 1. A crushing device (10) for brittle or crumbling material, comprising a bowl (104) of unitary construction having a chamber (104a) for receiving said material and an outlet (104j) located at its base, wherein said outlet defines a neck having a circular wall (104k), and wherein the bowl (104) has a central axis (101b); a crushing head (102) located in said outlet (104j) and including a one-piece head cap (102a) made of wear-resistant material, equipped with two parallel side walls (102e) extending into the arch section (102aa), and having a crushing surface (102d) spatially separated from said circular wall (104k) of said neck, defining a gap between said wall (104k) and the crushing surface (102d) of said crushing head (102), wherein said crushing head (102) has an axis (101b) ) circular motion passing at an angle to the central axis (101a); and a drive unit (106) including a transmission (106a) and a rotating eccentric shaft (103) for driving said crushing head (102) in said bowl (104) and around said axis (101a) of circular motion into a rocking motion, wherein said the bowl (104) contains a feed section (104b) and an outlet section (104d), each of which is defined by a wall, which are separated by a middle section (104c), wherein the thickness of the wall defining at least said middle section (104c) is greater than the thickness walls of the outlet section (104d). 2. The crushing device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the wall of the feed portion (104b) of the bowl (104) has approximately the same thickness as said wall of the outlet portion (104d). 3. The crushing device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said bowl (104) contains two intersecting sections (104m, 104n) in the shape of a truncated cone, defined by a wall (104c) of the middle section, and the first section (104m) in the shape a truncated cone forms the upper portion of the bowl (104) and tapers in the downward direction; and a second truncated cone-shaped portion (104n) forming a lower portion of the bowl (104) tapers in an upward direction. 4. The crushing device (10) according to claim 3, in which the first section (104m) in the shape of a truncated cone tapers in a downward direction at an angle of 30 to 35° from the central axis (101a). 5. The crushing device (10) according to claim 3 or 4, in which the thickest section of the circular wall (104k) of the bowl (104) is combined with the plane (A) in which the first and second sections (104m, 104n) intersect in the form of a truncated cone 6. The crushing device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the wall of the lower portion of the feed portion (104b) and the intermediate portion (104c) contains a solid material with a wedge-shaped or triangular cross-section. 7. The crushing device (10) according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which said parallel side walls (102e) are made integral with the lower portion (102d) of the crushing surface in the shape of a truncated cone. 8. The crushing device (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall of said roof portion (102aa) is thicker than said parallel side walls (102e) and said lower frustoconical crushing surface portion (102d). 9. The crushing device (10) according to claim 8, wherein said wall of said arch section (102aa) has its greatest thickness at the transition to said parallel side walls (102e) of said head cap (102a). 10. The crushing device (10) according to claim 8, wherein the wall thickness tapers downward along said parallel side walls (102e) and crushing surface (102d) of the head cap (102a), wherein said parallel side walls (102e) have a reduced stress profile compared to the mentioned section (102aa) of the vault. 11. Crushing device (10) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, including a separate feed funnel (110) located above the bowl (104) and connected to it. 12. The crushing device (10) according to claim 11, wherein said roof section (102aa) extends a short distance into the hopper (110). 13. Crushing device (10) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein said bowl or hopper (104, 110) is a replaceable component. 14. A bowl (104) for a cone crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a chamber (104a) for receiving material to be crushed; an outlet (104j) located at its base; a feed section defined by a wall (102b) and an outlet section defined by a wall (102d), wherein said bowl (104) has a unitary structure, said feed section (104b) and said outlet sections (104d) of said bowl (104) are separated by a middle section -