EA043531B1 - STRAW SHAKER FOR GRAIN HARVESTER - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to straw walkers for grain harvesters.

A straw walker is known, containing drive and driven crankshafts and keys connected to the drive crankshaft by hinge pairs. Moreover, in order to increase the reliability of the design and dampen vibration, the keys are in contact with the bearings of the journals of the driven crankshaft under the influence of their own masses and elastic elements. In this case, the supports are made in the form of toroidal rings made of elastic material with grooves on the outer surfaces associated with cylindrical guides welded to the base of the keys [1].

The closest technical solution to the claimed device is a straw walker, including a drive, keys, crankshafts and bearings. Moreover, in order to increase the reliability of the straw walker and reduce the level of vibrations transmitted to the combine body, the straw walker key is equipped with a bracket and an elastic element mounted on the body with the possibility of rotation in the plane of rotation of the key. In this case, the bracket is hingedly connected to an elastic element, the rigidity of which is within the limits

where C is the rigidity of the elastic element;

at _min and at _max - the minimum and maximum efforts of the reduced forces acting on the key during rotation;

R is the radius of the crankshaft elbow of the straw walker;

x is the distance from the center of the key rotation trajectory to the center of the convergence zone of the vector of reduced forces acting on the key during rotation;

υ - crankshaft rotation frequency, Hz;

g is the acceleration of free fall [2].

The driving and driven crankshafts, installed in bearing supports, have key journals, each of which is located on a circle with its center on the axis of the corresponding crankshaft and is equidistant from each other in projection. The keys are placed asymmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane of the straw walker.

The disadvantages of these devices are that they do not eliminate the key reason for the force impact of the straw walker on the frame of the combine - the imbalance of its mechanism, as well as the presence of redundant connections, which leads to a decrease in the reliability of the straw walker.

The objective of the claimed invention is to reduce the force impact of the straw walker on the frame of the combine harvester by balancing the inertia forces of the keys, drive and driven crankshafts.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the straw walker of a grain harvester contains drive and driven crankshafts installed in bearing supports and keys. Moreover, according to the technical solution, the keys of an even number are placed symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane of the straw walker, passing through the middle of the distances between the bearing supports of the drive and driven crankshafts, which balances the inertia forces and leads to a reduction in the force impact of the straw walker on the frame of the combine harvester.

The solution to this problem is also achieved by the fact that the straw walker of a grain harvester contains drive and driven crankshafts installed in bearing supports and keys. Moreover, according to the technical solution, the keys of an odd number are placed symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane of the straw walker, passing through the middle of the distances between the bearing supports of the drive and driven crankshafts, and the central key is made of mass m _ck :

Shek = 2 m _k , where m _ck is the mass of the central key, kg;

m _k - key mass, kg.

The solution to this problem is also achieved by the fact that the straw walker of a grain harvester contains drive and driven crankshafts installed in bearing supports and keys. Moreover, according to the technical solution, the key journals of the drive and driven crankshafts are rigidly connected to each other using links directed along the radius of the circle passing through the key journals in projection.

In fig. 1 shows a straw walker, general view;

in fig. 2 - straw walker with an even number of keys, top view;

in fig. 3 - view A of Fig. 1 (increased);

in fig. 4 - view B of Fig. 1 (increased);

in fig. 5 - straw walker with an even number of keys, top view;

in fig. 6 - diagram of the drive crankshaft of a four-key straw walker in projection (enlarged 1 043531);

in fig. 7 - diagram of the driven crankshaft of a four-key straw walker in projection (enlarged);

in fig. 8 - diagram of the drive crankshaft of a five- and six-key straw walker in projection (enlarged);

in fig. 9 - diagram of the driven crankshaft of a five- and six-key straw walker in projection (enlarged);

in fig. 10 - diagram of the drive crankshaft of a seven- and eight-key straw walker in projection (enlarged);

in fig. 11 - diagram of the driven crankshaft of a seven- and eight-key straw walker in projection (enlarged).

These figures depict elements with the following positions:

- drive crankshaft;

- driven crankshaft;

- bearing supports of the drive crankshaft 1;

- bearing supports of the driven crankshaft 2;

- key journals of drive crankshaft 1;

- key journals of the driven crankshaft 2;

- links connecting the key necks 5;

- links connecting the key necks 6;

- keys;

- bearing;

- split conical bushing;

- bearing support;

- rubber bushing;

- gaskets;

α is the longitudinal plane of the straw walker, passing through the midpoints of the distances between the bearing supports 3 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the bearing supports 4 of the driven crankshaft 2.

The straw walker of a grain harvester according to claim 1 of the formula contains a drive crankshaft 1 and a driven crankshaft 2 (Fig. 1). The drive crankshaft 1 has bearing supports 3 installed at the ends, key journals 5 and links 7 that rigidly connect the key journals 5 to each other. The driven crankshaft 2 has bearing supports 4 installed at the ends, key journals 6 and links 8 that rigidly connect the key journals 6 to each other (Fig. 2).

The straw walker of the grain harvester also contains an even number of keys 9. The keys 9 are mounted on bearings 10 with disposable lubricant with split conical bushings 11 mounted on the key journals 5 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the key journals 6 of the driven crankshaft 2 (Fig. 3). In the supports 12 of the bearings 10 on the drive crankshaft 1 and the driven crankshaft 2, rubber bushings 13 are inserted between the bearings 10 and the support 12. The latter, due to its elastic deformation, compensates for all inaccuracies in the dimensions of the drive crankshaft 1, the driven crankshaft 2 and the distance between the supports 12 on the keys 9. To eliminate the misalignment of the keys 9, spacers 14 are installed (Fig. 4).

The key journals 5 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the key journals 6 of the driven crankshaft 2 are located on circles with centers on the axes of the drive crankshaft 1 and the driven crankshaft 2 and are equidistant from each other in projection. In this case, the keys 9 are placed symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane α of the straw walker, passing through the middle of the distances L between the bearing supports 3 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the bearing supports 4 of the driven crankshaft 2 (Fig. 2).

For example, when using keys 9 in a straw walker in the amount of 4 pieces (91, 92, 93, 94), key 91 is located on the key journal 5 of the driving crankshaft 1 and the key journal 6 of the driven crankshaft 2 relative to the longitudinal plane α symmetrically to key 94, key 9 ₂ is located on the key journal 5 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the key journal 6 of the driven crankshaft 2 relative to the longitudinal plane a symmetrically to the key 93.

The straw walker of a grain harvester works according to claim 1 of the formula as follows.

The drive crankshaft 1 rotates in the bearing supports 3 and the key journals 5 with bearings 10 in the supports 12 drive the keys 9. The keys 9 perform a cyclic plane-parallel movement and, by connecting the bearings 10 in the supports 12 with the key journals 6, rotate the driven crankshaft in the bearing supports 4 shaft 2.

During the plane-parallel movement of the keys 9, inertial forces arise, proportional to the mass and acceleration of the center of mass of the keys 9. The inertial forces of the keys 9 are due to the specified location of the key necks 5 and key necks 6 and the placement of the keys 9 symmetrically relative to the longitudinal

- 2 043531 plane a of the straw walker, passing through the middle of the distances between the bearing supports 3 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the bearing supports 4 of the driven crankshaft 2, balance each other and do not exert a force on the frame of the combine harvester.

In order to increase the throughput of the straw walker, the number of keys can be 4, 6, 8, etc. Their location on the drive and driven crankshafts and the principle of operation are identical to the image described above.

If it is necessary to use an odd number of keys (5 or more) in a straw walker, the device can be designed as follows. For example, the straw walker of a grain harvester according to claim 2 of the formula contains an odd number of keys 9-5 pieces: 91, 92, 9 _ck , 9 ₃ , 94 (Fig. 5). The key 9 _ck is central and is located on the key journal 5 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the key journal 6 of the driven crankshaft 2 at the point where the longitudinal plane a passes through the indicated shafts. Its mass is determined from the expression:

m _ck = 2 m _k , where mck is the mass of the central key, kg;

mk - mass of any of the keys 91, 92, 9 ₃ , 94, kg.

Otherwise, the structure and principle of operation of the grain harvester straw walker according to claim 2 of the formula is identical to the device and principle of operation of the grain harvester straw walker described above according to claim 1 of the formula.

The location of the central key 9 _ck on the key journals of the drive and driven crankshafts at the point where the longitudinal plane a passes through them and the location of other keys symmetrically to the longitudinal plane α makes it possible to balance the inertia forces and reduce the force impact of the straw walker on the frame of the combine harvester.

Example.

Let's look at the straw walker of the KZS-1218 grain harvester produced by Gomselmash OJSC. It contains 5 keys 9 (Fig. 5), each of which weighs 51.4 kg.

To reduce the force impact on the frame of the combine harvester, the keys 91, 92, 9 ₃ , 94 of the straw walker are placed symmetrically to the longitudinal plane α of the straw walker, passing through the middle of the distances L between the bearing supports 3 of the driving crankshaft 1 and the bearing supports 4 of the driven crankshaft 2, the central key 9 _ck is performed with a mass m _ck = 2 · 51.4 = 102.8 kg.

The straw walker of a grain harvester according to claim 3 of the formula contains a drive crankshaft 1 and a driven crankshaft 2 (Fig. 2). The drive crankshaft 1 has bearing supports 3 installed at the ends, key journals 5 and links 7 that rigidly connect the key journals 5 to each other (Fig. 6). The driven crankshaft 2 has bearing supports 4 installed at the ends, key journals 6 and links 8 that rigidly connect the key journals 6 to each other (Fig. 7).

The straw walker of a grain harvester can also contain both an even and an odd number of keys 9. The keys 9 are mounted on bearings 10 disposable lubricant with split cone bushings 11 mounted on the key journals 5 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the key journals 6 of the driven crankshaft 2. In the supports 12 bearings 10 on the drive crankshaft 1 and the driven crankshaft 2, between the bearings 10 and the support 12, rubber bushings 13 are inserted. The latter, due to its elastic deformation, compensates for all inaccuracies in the dimensions of the drive crankshaft 1, the driven crankshaft 2 and the distance between the supports 12 by keys 9. To eliminate misalignment of keys 9, spacers 14 are installed.

The key journals 5 of the driving crankshaft 1 and the key journals 6 of the driven crankshaft 2 are located on circles α with centers on the axes of the driving crankshaft 1 and the driven crankshaft 2 and are equidistant from each other in projection (Fig. 2). The keys 9 can be placed either symmetrically or asymmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane α of the straw walker, passing through the midpoints of the distances L between the bearing supports 3 of the drive crankshaft 1 and the bearing supports 4 of the driven crankshaft 2.

The number of key journals 5 of the driving crankshaft 1 and the key journals 6 of the driven crankshaft 2 corresponds to the number of keys 9 of the straw walker and can be 3 or 4 (Fig. 6 and 7), 5 or 6 (Fig. 8 and 9), 7 or 8 ( Fig. 10 and 11), etc.

The straw walker of a grain harvester works according to claim 3 of the formula as follows.

The drive crankshaft 1 rotates in the bearing supports 3 and the key journals 5 with bearings 10 in the supports 12 drive the keys 9. The keys 9 perform a cyclic plane-parallel movement and, by connecting the bearings 10 in the supports 12 with the key journals 6, rotate the driven crankshaft in the bearing supports 4 shaft 2.

When the driving crankshaft 1 rotates, inertial forces arise, proportional to the masses and accelerations of the centers of mass of the key journals 5 and links 7 connecting the key journals 5. When the driven crankshaft 2 rotates, inertial forces arise, proportional to the masses and accelerations of the centers of mass of the key journals 6 and links 8 , connecting the key necks 6.

- 3 043531

The inertial forces of the key necks 5 and links 7 due to the specified location of the key necks 5 and the rigid connection of the key necks 5 to each other using links 7, directed along the radius of the circle α passing through the key necks 5 in projection (Fig. 6), balance each other, which leads to a decrease in the force impact on the frame of the combine harvester. The inertia forces of the key necks 6 and links 8 due to the specified location of the key necks 6 and the rigid connection of the key necks 6 to each other using links 8 directed along the radius of the circle α passing through the key necks 6 in projection (Fig. 7), balance each other, which also leads to a reduction in the force impact on the frame of the combine harvester.

Thus, the inventive device makes it possible to reduce the force impact of the straw walker on the frame of the combine harvester.

Information sources:

1. RU 2 246 201, publ. 02/20/2005.

2. SU 1 553 031, publ. 03/30/1990.

Claims (3)

1. A straw walker of a grain harvester, containing drive and driven crankshafts installed in bearing supports, keys, characterized in that the keys of an even number are placed symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane of the straw walker, passing through the midpoints of the distances between the bearing supports of the drive and driven crankshafts. 2. A straw walker of a grain harvester, containing drive and driven crankshafts mounted in bearing supports, keys, characterized in that an odd number of keys are placed symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane of the straw walker, passing through the midpoints of the distances between the bearing supports of the drive and driven crankshafts, and the central key made by mass mck: m _ck - 2 m _k , where mck is the mass of the central key, kg; m _k - key mass, kg. 3. Straw walker of a grain harvester, containing drive and driven crankshafts installed in bearing supports, keys, while the key journals of the said crankshafts are rigidly connected to each other using links directed along the radius of a circle passing through the key journals in projection, and the keys and keyboard The journals of the drive and driven crankshafts are placed symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane of the straw walker, passing through the midpoints of the distances between the bearing supports of the drive and driven crankshafts.