EA042837B1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TAMPERING RAILWAY SLEEPERS - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The claimed invention relates to a method for tamping rail track sleepers using a tamping unit, which includes at least two tamping units with tamping tools, respectively, located opposite each other on a lowered tool holder, which are immersed in a crushed stone bed of a rail track, being exposed in the process of tamping sleepers vibrations, and move towards each other with the help of auxiliary drives. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.

State of the art

To ensure or maintain the given position of the rail track, the rail track is regularly processed together with the crushed stone bed by a sleeper tamping machine. At the same time, the sleeper tamping machine moves along the rail track and raises the rail track grid, formed by sleepers and rails, with the help of a lifting and leveling unit to a predetermined height. Fixing the new position of the rail track is carried out by tamping the sleepers with the help of a tamping unit. During the tamping process, vibration-loaded tamping tools (tampers) penetrate between the sleepers into the crushed stone bed and compact the crushed stone under the corresponding sleeper, while the tamping tools located opposite each other move towards each other. In particular, in the area of switches and turnouts, it becomes necessary to coordinate the position of the tamping unit before lowering it with the position and direction of the sleepers and rails.

Known are the so-called universal tamping machines or tamping machines for tamping turnouts, the tamping units of which are arranged with the possibility of multiple permutations in order to be able to flexibly change their positioning. EP 0 584 055 A1 describes such a track machine. In this case, the tool frame is located with the possibility of rotation and movement together with the sleeper tamping unit on the machine frame. For example, it allows the rotary device to rotate the tool frame relative to the machine frame around a vertical axis. In this way, the position of the tamping unit can be adapted to the corresponding position of the rails or sleepers prior to the tamping process, in particular with oblique sleepers. This takes into account the additional weight and design features of the swivel device in order to ensure optimal tamping of the sleepers in the area where the switches and turnouts are located.

Brief description of the invention

The basis of the claimed invention is the task - to create a simpler method of the type indicated above in comparison with the known prior art. Another task concerns the optimization of the device to perform the simplified method.

In accordance with the claimed invention, this problem is solved using the method according to claim 1 of the claims and the device according to claim 10 of the formula. The dependent claims describe advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The method is characterized in that the tamping tools for tamping the oblique sleepers, which are in the raised position, are moved by means of control by means of auxiliary drives, thus performing different adjustment intervals in a set direction, that the free ends of the tamping tools rotate approximately around a common vertical axis of rotation to match the oblique position of the sleeper. Thanks to this claimed method, there is no need for a separate mechanical rotary device. As a result, a weight saving is achieved, which has a positive effect on the permissible axial load of the track machine provided for carrying out the method. In addition, the size of the machine is reduced, and savings arise in the production, transportation and operation of the track machine. A further advantage is that existing tamping units can be easily adapted for optimal use in the case of oblique sleepers.

With a simple execution of the method, the various setting intervals are matched to each other using the geometrical data of the tamping unit by means of its control. This does not require any additional sensors on the tamping unit, since the set positions of the tamping tools are obtained through control based on known geometric data.

In this case, it turns out to be advantageous if different setting intervals are set depending, in particular, on the angle of rotation about a common vertical axis of rotation, which is set by means of the first operating element. Thus, one attendant is able to coordinate the position of the tamping unit with the oblique position of the tamped sleeper. At the same time, a free view of the sleeper is maintained or the actual view of the sleeper is transmitted via video system to the control panel. It is also possible, therefore, to carry out an automated recognition of the oblique position and adjustment of the position of the tamping unit.

In another embodiment of the method, it is provided that at least one tamping block is moved by means of a drive for transverse movement over a distance in the transverse direction of the rail track and, in particular, registration is performed using a track sensor. Thanks to this application of the method, the operation of the tamping unit can be more flexibly adapted to the conditions in the area where the switches or turnouts are located. For example, the tamping block is located before its lowering next to the rail branching off the main track.

In this case, it is advantageous if different adjustment intervals are set depending on the distance of the lateral movement. In particular, the use of a travel sensor makes it possible to accurately signal the actual position back to the control panel in order to appropriately set the home positions of the tamping tools.

In another embodiment of the invention, the open space distance is set, in particular by means of a second service element, an adjustable open space, respectively, between the tamping tools located opposite each other. This extended use of the method allows simple matching with sleepers of different widths or with different widths of the space between sleepers. Regulation is carried out by one operating person or automatically.

In another improved variant of the method, it is provided that, in particular, the position of the common vertical axis of rotation is set by means of a third operating element. Thus, there is a flexible coordination with local features. For example, in the area of the arrows there is a common vertical axis symmetrically between the outer rails of the main and branch tracks.

To automate the individual steps of the method or the overall positioning process, it is preferable if the position of the sleepers is recorded using a sensor device before the tamping process and if setpoints are prepared for the control panel. The thus achieved unloading of the operating personnel ensures high reliability of the method. At the same time, automation provides a better reproduction of the results of work.

In another embodiment of the method, the auxiliary drives are activated during the calibration process with the tamping tools raised, in order to move the respective tamping tools from one end position to another end position and, in doing so, register the required time accordingly. In the case of a hydraulic auxiliary drive, the auxiliary path is a function of the control valve opening time. In this case, deviations may occur due to temperature fluctuations or for other reasons, the influence of which is compensated by the calibration process.

The claimed device for performing the described method includes at least two tamping units with tamping tools respectively mounted opposite each other, which are located on a lowered tool holder, which are respectively connected to an auxiliary drive and are subjected to vibration. At the same time, hydraulic control valves are attached to the auxiliary drives, and they are controlled by a common control panel, and the control panel is equipped in such a way as to set the setting interval data. Thus, it is possible, with a simple construction without the presence of a rotary device, to carry out matching with oblique sleepers. Thanks to the hydraulic control valves paired with the control panel, various setting intervals can be precisely adjusted. A huge advantage lies in the simplicity of the system, which does not require the installation of any special sensor system on the tamping unit.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the auxiliary path for the auxiliary drive is a given function of the opening time of the associated control valve. A corresponding function is provided on the control panel, so that in order to set the desired end position of the respective tamping tool, the assigned control valve is opened exactly at the specified time.

At the same time, it seems preferable if at least one tamping unit is located with the possibility of transverse movement relative to the machine frame and if this tamping unit is attached to a path sensor paired with the control panel to register the path of the transverse movement. The transversely movable tamping block makes it possible to tamp the branching track in a simple manner. With the help of a distance sensor, the position of the tamping block is accurately signaled back to the control panel.

In another preferred design of the device, it is provided that operating elements are installed in order to set the angle of rotation around a common vertical axis and/or to set an adjustable opening distance of the tamping tools respectively located opposite each other and/or to set the position of a common vertical axis of rotation. Service elements allow service personnel to quickly and accurately adjust the position of the tamping unit to local conditions prior to the lowering process.

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In this case, it is advantageous if the control panel includes a storage device in which the values of the adjustment intervals are accumulated for each auxiliary drive, in particular, depending on the angle of rotation around a common vertical axis. The tuning interval values are then provided directly and they do not have to be continuously calculated, so that the control panel only has to fulfill minor requirements regarding computing power and data processing. The claimed invention can thus be used with simple electronic components.

In another improved embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a sensor device is provided for automatically registering the position of the sleepers and that the sensor device is paired with a control panel for preparing setting data. In this way, individual process steps can be carried out automatically or the entire process can be used automatically for positioning the tamping unit.

Brief description of the drawings

The claimed invention is explained in more detail on examples of its implementation with reference to the attached drawings. The drawings show schematically:

in fig. 1 shows a track machine with a sleeper unit;

in fig. 2 shows a front view of the tamping unit;

in fig. 3 shows a top view of the track machine with the positions of the tamping tools;

in fig. 4 shows a top view of a track machine with oblique sleepers and turned positions of the tamping tools;

in fig. 5 shows a top view of the turnout section with turned positions of the tamping tools;

in fig. 6 shows a top view of the section of the turnout with rotated positions of the tamping tools with the common axis of rotation displaced;

in fig. 7 shows a front view of both tamping units;

in fig. 8 shows a side view of the tamping unit;

in fig. 9 shows the hydraulic diagram of the tamping unit.

Description of embodiments of the invention

In FIG. 1 shows a track machine 1, which is made as a tamping machine and includes a tamping unit 2, a lifting and leveling unit 3, as well as a measuring system 4. The tamping unit 2 is fixed on the machine frame 5 and includes several lowered tamping units 6. Machine the frame 5, relying on the running rail mechanisms 7, can move along the rail track 8. At the same time, the claimed invention has the advantage that the linear tamping machine can be used without hanging the rotary tamping unit 2 for tamping switches and turnouts.

In FIG. 2 shows a tamping unit 2 with a tamping unit 6 which already has four tamping tools 9 in each case. In the example shown, two pairs of tamping tools are located on each tamping block 6 opposite each other, which can move towards each other. In the process of tamping the sleepers, both pairs of tamping tools cover the tamped sleeper 11. If the tamping area (for example, in the middle of the arrow) turns out to be very narrow, then in each pair of tamping tools one tamping tool 9 can turn sideways upwards.

Each pair of tamping tools is connected by means of a rotary lever 12 to an auxiliary drive 13. The tamping blocks 6 are designed in such a way that, if possible, common large auxiliary paths b ₀ can be achieved. In addition, the distance of the large common space w ₀ allows double sleepers to be tamped without problems. With the claimed invention, common large auxiliary paths b ₀ and large common spaces w ₀ are used to match the position of the tamping tools 9 with the oblique sleeper 11. For tamping long sleepers on turnouts, it seems preferable if at least external tamping blocks 6 are made with the possibility of movement in the transverse direction 15 relative to the machine frame 5.

For the tamping unit 2, the control panel 16 is intended, which is connected to the first service element 17 and the second service element 18. The service elements 17, 18 are located on the control panel on the control stand 19 of the track machine 1. Both service elements 17, 18 are designed as a potentiometer with rotary engine. With the help of the first service element 17, the oblique position of the sleeper is set by the service personnel. For example, the angle of rotation α is set in order to set the vertical axis of rotation 20. The oblique position of the sleeper 11 is recorded in this case directly by visual contact or through the video camera 21. Using the second service element 18, the distance of the open space w is set, respectively, between the located tamping tools 5 or

- 3 042837 with a pair of tamping tools. With such a set distance of open space w, tamping tools 9 are introduced when they are lowered into the crushed stone bed 22 of the track 8.

The location of the tamping unit 2 without using the claimed method is shown in Fig. 3. A top view of a straight section of the rail track with sleepers 11 located orthogonally relative to rails 23 is shown. Above one of the sleepers 11 is a tamping unit 2, while the tamping tools 9 are shown in a cutaway projection. On both sides of each rail 23 there are tamping tools 9 in the initial position to start the tamping operation. At the same time, the tamping tools 9 located above the same space between the sleepers are directed along the relative line 24, which runs parallel to the sleeper 11.

The claimed invention is used with oblique sleepers 11, as shown in FIG. 46, on the section of the rail track in the projection from above with two rails 23 and oblique sleepers 11. Before the tamping blocks 6 sink into the crushed stone bed 22, the positions of the tamping tools 9 are set using auxiliary drives 13. The tamping tools 9 are specifically rotated around the horizontal axis rotation 25 to various angles. In this case, the rotation of the tamping tools 9 located closer to the vertical axis of rotation 20 turns out to be less than the rotation of the external tamping tools. Thus, the free ends of the tamping tools 9 (tamping plates) move in the direction 26 of the auxiliary movement with different setting intervals s _b s'1, s ₂ , s' ₂ , S3, S'3, S4, s'4.

The positions of the ends of the tamping tools with the distance of the total open space w ₀ are shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4. Based on this, the adjustment intervals s _b s'1, s ₂ , s'2, S3, s'3, s ₄ , S' ₄ are set using the control panel 16 in such a way that the ends of the tamping tools are directed over the corresponding between sleepers along a common relative line 24 parallel to the sleeper 11. The result of this installation process, shown by a solid line, is equal to the rotation of the ends of the tamping tools with an angle of rotation α about a common vertical axis 20.

At a given angle of rotation α, separate adjustment intervals s _b s'1, s ₂ , s' ₂ , s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ are obtained based on the geometry of the tamping unit 2. For example, 16 side the distance y1, y ₂ , y ₃ , y ₄ of the corresponding tamping tool 9 or a pair of tamping tools relative to a common vertical axis 20. The setting intervals are then determined using the following formulas:

Wo - W Wo - ws =...........y _x tan a and s =............ + y _x tan α

2

In this case, a table can be installed on the control panel 16 with values for the corresponding adjustment interval s, s' depending on the angle of rotation α, the lateral distance y and the set size of the open space w.

In FIG. 5 shows a section of a turnout with a branching rail thread 28 from the main track 27. Before lowering the tamping blocks 6, the positions of the tamping tools 9 are set using auxiliary drives 13, as in the previous example. s ₂ , s' ₂ , s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ , consistent with the geometry of the tamping unit, this stage corresponds to one turn of the ends of the tamping tools around a common vertical axis of rotation 20. It should be taken into account that the right outer the tamping block 6 is additionally moved by means of a transverse movement device by a movement distance v ₄ . This movement is carried out due to the activation of the corresponding displacement drive. In this case, the distance of movement v ₄ is preferably recorded by the path sensor 29 and the signal is sent to the control panel 16. Due to the described geometric dependencies, with an increased lateral distance y _4v , also increased adjustment intervals s ₄ , s' ₄ in order to straighten the ends of the tamping tools along the corresponding common relative line 24. Also for other tamping blocks 6, a similar movement can be provided.

In FIG. 6 shows a section of a turnout with a thread 28 branching off from the main track 27 to the left. To simplify the geometric dependencies, the common vertical axis 20 is moved with the help of the third service element 30 to the place of the symmetrical axis of the outer tamping blocks 6. This provides the advantage that for each end of the tamping tool a minimum adjustment interval s1, s'1, s ₂ , s' is set 2, s ₃ , s'3, s ₄ , s'4 to reach the required position.

In FIG. 7 shows two tamping blocks 6, which are located on both sides of the rail 23. Facing away from the corresponding rail 23, the tamping tools 9 are structurally rotatable. They can rotate completely horizontally

- 4 042837 tamping position with the corresponding rotary lever 31, if the tamping area is too narrow for two tamping tools 9 (for example, in the center of a turnout). In another version, the actual tamping tools 9 of the tamping block 6 are moved apart in order to increase the width of their impact during tamping. At the same time, all their extension paths e1, e ₂ of the tamping tools 9 are registered and signaled to the control panel 11, in order in this case to coordinate the adjustment intervals s1, s'1, s ₂ , s' ₂ of the ends of the tamping tools with the basis of the changed lateral distance y _1e , y _2e .

Preferably, the control panel 11 includes a storage device in which all end positions or geometric data of the tamping unit 2 are stored. Using these data, for the required angle of rotation α about a common vertical axis 20 and for each size of open space w, the necessary adjustment intervals s _b s'1, s ₂ , s' ₂ , s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ ends of tamping tools. This also takes into account the movement and/or rotation of the tamping tools 5 in the transverse direction of the track 7.

In FIG. 8 shows the tamping block 6 in a side view. The dotted line indicates several positions and the open space distance between the tamping tools 9. The tamping tools 9 indicated by solid lines form the set open space distance w for the oblique sleeper. This also results in a total open space distance w ₀ , a set open space distance w' for the non-skewed sleeper 6 and a total auxiliary adjustment path b ₀ .

In FIG. 9 shows the hydraulic diagram 32 of the described tamping unit 2. Each of the four tamping units 6 has, respectively, two auxiliary drives 13, made structurally as hydraulic cylinders. Each auxiliary drive 13 is controlled separately by a control valve 33 (for example, a solenoid valve). When this happens, the time-dependent activation of the control valve to achieve the required setting intervals s _b s'1, s ₂ , s'2, s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ . Preferably includes a control panel 11 a general control panel 34 of the machine (which is already present in the described machine 1) and an additional control panel 35 for setting intervals. Both control panels 34, 35 are connected to path sensors 29 for registering the transverse travel path v or extension path e. Using the service elements 17, 18, 30, the specified values of the angle of rotation α, adjustable distances of open space w and the position of the common vertical axis 20 are transmitted. to the additional control panel 35.

To calibrate the system are located on the hydraulic pipelines 36 of the corresponding auxiliary drive 13 transducers 37 of the measured pressure. The pressure transducers 37 record the end positions of the hydraulic cylinders. During the calibration process, with the tamping unit 2 raised, the auxiliary movement is carried out completely and it is determined after what time the end position of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder is reached. Various factors such as oil temperature, oil viscosity and ambient temperature play a role. The mutual dependencies thus obtained between the switch-on time and the auxiliary paths are used in order to separately calibrate the control for each auxiliary drive 13.

On the control panel 11 or in the storage device, in addition to the setting intervals s1, s'1, s ₂ , s'2, s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ , the time of switching on the control valve 33 of the corresponding auxiliary drives can also be entered 13. Due to the appropriate activation of the control valve 33, before the actual tamping process, the process of adjusting the tamping tools 9 in the direction of the auxiliary movement 26 is carried out, so that the ends of the tamping tools are straightened along parallel relative lines 24.

The control panel 11 is made structurally, for example, as simply as possible already available on the track machine 1 conventional industrial computer. Conventional control panels 34 can be adapted to appropriate computer designs and software. The virtual operating elements 17, 18, 30 on the monitor or on the touch panel can also be used to adjust the tamping unit 2.

The claimed invention also concerns an embodiment with automatic recording of the position of the sleepers. In this case, the track machine 1 includes a sensor device 38, which registers the position or oblique position of the sleeper 11. Such a sensor device is located, for example, in front of the track machine 1 and includes a laser scanner, a computing device and a track sensor. According to the known distance between the sensor device 38 and the tamping unit 2, a signal is constantly transmitted to the control panel 11 about the position of the sleeper 11, which is actually under the tamping unit. On the basis of the recorded data, the positions of the individual tamping tools 9 or the pair of tamping tools are automatically adjusted before the actual tamping process starts.

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Claims (13)

CLAIM 1. The method of tamping sleepers (11) of a rail track (8) using a tamping unit (2), which includes at least two tamping blocks (6) with tamping tools (9), respectively, located opposite each other on a lowered holder ( 10) tools that are immersed in the crushed stone bed (22) of the rail track, being subjected to vibrations in the process of tamping the sleepers, and moving towards each other with the help of auxiliary drives (13), while to tamp the oblique sleeper (11) move the tamping tools ( 9) or a pair of tamping tools in a raised position using the control panel (16) and auxiliary drives (13) for various setting intervals (s1, s'1, s ₂ , s' ₂ , s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ ) in the direction of the auxiliary movement (26), characterized in that different tuning intervals (s1, s'1, s ₂ , s' ₂ , s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ ) are set in depending on the angle of rotation (α) to be set around the common vertical axis (20), the lateral distance (y) and the set open space (w), and also depending on the distance of the transverse movement, so that the free ends of the tamping tools (9) or pairs of tamping tools rotate approximately around a common vertical axis (20) to match their position with the oblique position of the sleeper (11). 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that different tuning intervals (s1, s'1, s ₂ , s' ₂ , s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ ) are coordinated with each other on the basis of geometric data tamping unit accumulated on the control panel (16). 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first service element (17) is used to set the rotation angle (α). 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one tamping block (6) is moved by means of a drive for transverse movement in the transverse direction (15) of the rail track onto the transverse movement path (v ₄ ), and that the path (v ₄ ) of the lateral movement is recorded, in particular, by the path sensor (29). 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that different adjustment intervals (s ₄ , s' ₄ ) are set depending on the path (v4) of the transverse movement. 6. A method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in particular in that the second operating element (18) is used to set an adjustable open space distance (w) between respective tamping tools or pairs of tamping tools located opposite one another. 7. A method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in particular, the position of the common vertical axis (20) is set using the third service element (30). 8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, before the tamping process, the position of the sleeper is recorded using a sensor device (38) and that the registered position data is sent to the control panel (16). 9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, during the calibration process, the auxiliary drives (13) are activated with the tamping tools (9) raised, in order to move the respective tamping tools (9) from their one end position to another end position and at the same time record the required duration accordingly. 10. A device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, which includes at least two tamping units (6) with respectively located opposite each other tamping tools (9) or pairs of tamping tools mounted on a lowered holder (10 ) tools that are respectively connected to the auxiliary drive (13) and are subject to vibration, while the auxiliary drives (13) have hydraulic control valves (33) and are switched on from a common control panel (16), characterized in that the control panel (16) is equipped with for supplying values of different adjustment intervals (s1, s'1, s ₂ , s' ₂ , s ₃ , s' ₃ , s ₄ , s' ₄ ) depending on the specified rotation angle (α) around a common vertical axis (20) , lateral distance (y) and the set open space (w), as well as depending on the distance of the lateral movement. 11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that for the respective auxiliary drive (13) the auxiliary path is a predetermined function of the opening time of the control valve (33) assigned to it. 12. The device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one tamping unit (6) is located with the possibility of movement in the transverse direction relative to the machine frame (5) and that this tamping unit (6) is connected to the control panel (6) travel sensor (29) for registering the path (v ₄ ) of the lateral movement. 13. The device according to one of claims 10-12, characterized in that service elements (17, 18, 30) are installed in order to set the angle of rotation (α) around a common vertical axis of rotation (20) and / or an adjustable distance of the open spaces between respective tamping tools (5) arranged opposite each other and/or the position of a common vertical axis -