EA042756B1 - HYDRODYNAMIC AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to the design of the elements of a speed gearbox used in automatic transmissions of vehicles.

Known automatic and hydromechanical transmissions, in which gear shifting is carried out by means of gears (RU 2341384, EN 2585093, EN 2659163, EN 2481511). The disadvantages of the known gearboxes are: their large weight and dimensions, the complexity of the design, containing a large number of gears and switching mechanisms, the complexity of maintenance and repair. In addition, the inclusion of a torque converter in the design of known automatic transmissions leads to an additional increase in the weight and size characteristics of the vehicle drive.

Also known is a hydrodynamic torque converter for a gearbox RU 2294469, containing a housing that is connected to the pump wheel and to the drive shaft of the drive unit, a turbine wheel connected to the drive shaft of the gearbox, a reactor installed between the pump wheel and the turbine wheel, a torsional vibration damper , a friction controlled clutch connecting the housing and the turbine wheel, a freewheel connecting the reactor with the pump shaft, which is rigidly connected to the gearbox housing, characterized in that the drum of the friction controlled clutch is welded to the inner surface of the housing, the drum is made of a stepped shape, while on the inner surface of the larger diameter of the drum, facing the turbine wheel, there are slots for installing friction disks, and on the inner surface of the smaller diameter of the drum, facing the housing, a flat surface is formed to support the piston, a circular recess is made on the axis of rotation of the housing to the outside which a technological belt is made for centering the hydrodynamic torque converter during installation, a support sleeve for the gearbox drive shaft is pressed into the inner part of the circular recess, having an internal axial hole in which a plain bearing is installed, oil supply channels are made in the side walls of the drive shaft support sleeve the cavity formed between the body and the piston of the friction controlled clutch, the support sleeve is stepped, on the outer surface of which slots are made for connection with the piston of the friction controlled clutch and a groove in which the sealing ring is installed, the turbine wheel is simultaneously connected by fasteners with the drive sleeve for the input shaft gearbox and a disk in which at least one torsional vibration damper is installed and on the outer surface of which slots are made for installing friction disks of a friction controlled clutch, the drive sleeve has an axial through hole in which the splines are made, the drive sleeve is separated from the support sleeve - with on the one hand, and freewheels - on the other hand, thrust bearings, and at least three fastening elements to the drive unit are welded along the outer diameter of the housing.

The disadvantage of the hydrodynamic converter is the complexity of the design, the presence of a large number of parts, the resource of which is limited. In addition, to change the torque of the output shaft, it is also necessary to use a manual or automatic transmission associated with this converter.

The objective of the invention and the achieved technical result is to simplify the design of an automatic transmission of a vehicle by eliminating the mechanical part, with a large number of gears and complex transmission mechanisms, and simplifying the design of the blocking device of the hydrodynamic torque converter, which allows to reduce weight and size characteristics, increase maintainability, service life and improve the performance of the vehicle's automatic transmission.

The obtained technical result is achieved by the fact that a hydrodynamic gearbox is proposed, containing at least two pump wheels, which are round flat disks, on the front peripheral part of which radially directed blades are firmly installed, the first wheel being rigidly connected to the input shaft, the second and subsequent pump wheels, the diameter of each of which is larger than the diameter of the previous one, are installed with their hubs on the hubs of the previous pump wheels with the possibility of free rotation on them, but without the possibility of axial mutual movement so that a device is installed on the back side of each disk to block it with the next pump wheel, and the last pump wheel - with a turbine wheel, on the front part of the second and subsequent pump wheels and on the turbine wheel, cylindrical rings with internal teeth are installed to engage with the blocking device, the blades of the turbine wheel from the side facing the blades of the pump wheels are closed with a cone-shaped annular disk, the larger diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the disc of the last pump wheel, and the smaller diameter is equal to the smaller diameter of the blades of the first pump wheel, the turbine wheel being mounted on the input shaft and in the crankcase of the drive device on bearings and connected to the reverse mechanism, the mode change device and the chassis of the vehicle, device for blocking pump wheels includes a toothed segment with guides, a rod with a groove, shoulders and a limiter, a sleeve located on the rod with a cup and with shoulders, and in the cup there is a spring supported by the rod shoulders, eccentrics connected on one side with

- 1 042756 with a pump wheel, and on the other hand with sleeve shoulders with a glass, a servomechanism that includes springs connected to the pump wheel on one side and to the rod shoulders on the other side, a thrust washer fixed on the pump wheel, and a spring that abuts against a rod limiter, wherein the toothed segment guides are made so as to allow the toothed segment to move along the rod axis, but exclude the toothed segment from moving in the tangential direction.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

Fig. 1 is a general view of a hydrodynamic automatic transmission, where

- turbine wheel (case);

- turbine wheel blades;

- impeller blades;

- dowel;

- washer;

- bearing;

- stuffing box;

- retaining ring;

- input shaft;

- pump wheel hub;

- devices for blocking (unblocking) pump wheels;

- cylindrical rings with internal teeth;

- internal splines of the drive shaft;

- cone-shaped annular disk;

- holes for fastening the output shaft;

- ears for connecting halves of the body;

- the first pump wheel.

Fig. 2 - device for blocking (unblocking) pump wheels - the blocking mechanism is in the unlocked state.

Fig. 3 - device for blocking (unblocking) pump wheels - the blocking mechanism is in the locked state, where

- pump wheel (internal);

- pump wheel (external);

- toothed segment with guides;

- stock;

, 26, 29 - springs;

- rod shoulders;

- servomechanism;

- cup;

- bushing with shoulders;

- eccentrics;

- pin;

- groove;

- teeth of the segment of the internal pump wheel;

- teeth of the annular edge of the outer pump wheel;

- guide sleeve;

- thrust washer;

- stem limiter;

a-a - an axis passing through the points of hinge fastening of the ends of the springs of the servomechanism on the shoulders of the rod;

в-в - the axis passing through the points of hinge fastening of the springs of the servomechanism on the inner pump wheel.

Hydrodynamic automatic transmission operates as follows (see Fig. 1).

When the input shaft 9 rotates, the first pump wheel 17, rigidly connected to the input shaft, creates a flow of working fluid, which fills the internal cavity of the gearbox. The flow of the working fluid has radial and tangential components of the speed. On the hub of the first pump wheel (internal) the second (external) pump wheel is installed with the possibility of free rotation on it. The flow of the working fluid, falling on the blades of the external pump wheel, sets it in motion. Similarly, subsequent pump wheels (there may be N-th number) are set in motion, which also rotate freely on the hubs of the previous pump wheels. At the same time, the cone-shaped annular disk 14 directs the working fluid flow accelerated by the pump wheels to the peripheral part of the turbine wheel 1. The working fluid flow, reaching the blades of the turbine wheel 2, which is rigidly connected to the housing and the output shaft through the holes 15, transfers the torque from the input shaft to them. To seal the gearbox and exclude under

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Claims (3)

flow of the working fluid, seals are used (not shown). At the start of rotation at low input shaft speeds (neutral vehicle speed), no torque is transmitted to the turbine wheel due to the low flow velocity and internal slip of the working fluid. With an increase in the number of revolutions of the input shaft and an increase in the speed of the flow of the working fluid in the radial and tangential directions, the turbine wheel is initially transmitted only from the first pump wheel (the first speed of the vehicle). In this case, the second and subsequent pump wheels, rotating freely on the hubs of the previous pump wheels, do not create resistance to the movement of the working fluid flow in the radial and tangential directions. With a further increase in the number of revolutions of the input shaft 9 and the first pump wheel 17 rigidly connected to it, when a certain number of revolutions is reached, using the pump wheel blocking devices 11, the first pump wheel is blocked with the second pump wheel (second speed of movement), the first and second pump wheels rotating together. wheels followed (third speed) and so on. In this case, when a certain number of revolutions is reached by the co-rotating pump wheels, the last pump wheel is blocked with the turbine wheel (case) 1. With a decrease in the speed of the vehicle, due to changes in external conditions, therefore, a decrease in the number of revolutions of the turbine wheel to a certain value, the housing is unlocked from the last pump wheel. With a further decrease in the speed of rotation of the turbine wheel, associated with a further decrease in the speed of the vehicle, the speed of rotation of the last pump wheel decreases, and when a certain value is reached, a sequential unlocking occurs with the previous pump wheel. Thus, when a certain number of revolutions is reached, a reverse gear shift will occur. The number of revolutions at which the locking and unlocking of the impellers occurs is set for the locking mechanism of each impeller. The locking (unlocking) of the wheels is carried out as follows (see Fig. 2, fig. 3). When the pump wheel 21 rotates under the action of centrifugal force, the gear segment 23 and the rod 24 will begin to move in the radial direction from the center to the periphery (blocking), overcoming the opposition of the springs 25, 26 and 29. sides of the servomechanism 28 with springs 26 due to changes in the angle of application of forces will decrease, and if the axes a-a and b-b coincide, it will become equal to zero. At the moment the axis a-a passes through the axis b-c, the rod will move sharply to the periphery, since the force of the springs 26 of the servomechanism 28 will also be added to the centrifugal force, which will also be directed to the periphery. The shoulders of the rod 24 will rest against the glass 30 of the sleeve with shoulders 31, overcoming the resistance of the weak spring 25, and the whole system will connect the toothed segment 23 of the inner wheel 21 with the toothed annular edge of the outer pump wheel 22. The sleeve with shoulders 31 will close the back side of the toothed segment with the cams of the eccentrics 32 23, which will ensure reliable engagement of the two discs. In this case, the pin 33 will be at the lower (closest to the center of the disk) edge of the groove 34. When the speed of the joint rotation of the locked pump wheels 21 and 22 decreases to a certain limit, the rod 24 and the gear segment 23 under the action of the spring 25, overcoming the opposition of the servomechanism 28, will begin to move in the radial direction from the periphery to the center of the pump wheels (unblocking). After the axis a-a crosses the line of the axis b-c, the resistance of the servomechanism 28 will stop, and under the action of the springs 26 and 29, the rod 24 will abruptly move towards the center of the pump wheels, the sleeve with shoulders 31 unlocks the gear segment 23 with eccentrics 32, it will disengage, and pump wheels 21 and 22 will rotate separately. Thus, the proposed design provides the simultaneous performance of the functions of a torque converter and an automatic gearbox, which makes it possible to exclude complex gear transmission mechanisms from the design; reducing the weight and size characteristics of the gearbox as a whole. CLAIM Hydrodynamic gearbox containing at least two pump wheels (21, 22), which are round flat disks, on the front peripheral part of which radially directed blades (3) are firmly installed, the first wheel being rigidly connected to the input shaft, the second and subsequent pump wheels, the diameter of each of which is larger than the diameter of the previous one, are mounted with their hubs (10) on the hubs of the previous pump wheels with the possibility of free rotation on them, but without the possibility of axial mutual movement so that a device (11) is installed on the back side of each pump wheel for blocking it with the next pump wheel, and the last pump wheel - with the turbine wheel (1), on the front part of the second and subsequent pump wheels and on the turbine wheel there are cylindrical rings (12) with -