EA041693B1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR HEATING FLUID IN PIPELINE BY DC - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device and method for heating a fluid medium in a pipeline.

Such devices are known in principle. For example, WO 2015/197181 A1 describes a fluid heating device with at least one electrically conductive conduit for receiving fluid and at least one voltage source connected to at least one conduit. At least one voltage source is configured to generate electric current in at least one conduit, which heats at least one conduit to heat the fluid. The voltage source contains at least M external conductors, where M is a natural number greater than or equal to two. One voltage source is designed at least in such a way that the outer conductors generate an alternating voltage. These AC voltages are phase shifted with respect to each other by 2TT/M. The outer conductor is connected to at least one electrically conductive pipeline with the possibility of forming a star connection.

Devices for heating a fluid in a conduit are fundamentally known. For example, FR 2831154 A1 describes electrical heating to support exothermic oxidation reactions and endothermic pyrolysis reactions at high temperatures in a continuous hydrocarbon reformer. US 2014/238523 A1 describes a device for heating a piping system comprising at least two piping along which an electrical element with resistance heating extends. US 2016/115025 A1 describes a system and method for providing chemical reactions. The system may include an electrical conductor configured to receive the chemical mixture. The conductor is directly connected to the power source and heats up if the power source is turned on. If the chemical mixture is in a conductor and the power source is turned on, then the chemical mixture is heated and a chemical reaction can proceed. CN 201135883 Y describes a tubular instantaneous reactor which comprises a centrally located reactor tube, an insulating thermal layer covering the outside of the reactor tube, and an electrical heating distribution device. The reactor tube is directly connected to the electrical distribution heating device. The reactor tube is made of conductive material. The reactor tube is used as a heating element. FR 2722359 A1 describes that the fluid passes through a uniform central opening of the pipeline, the wall thickness of which increases uniformly along the axis. An electrical power source is attached between the ends. The resistance heating per unit length decreases with increasing thickness, while the necessary energy distribution is achieved by choosing suitable dimensions. US 2013/028580 A1 describes a pipeline for transporting hydrocarbons. The conduit comprises a hollow inner tube, which is located in the longitudinal direction for transporting fluid in the inner tube, and has an electrically insulated outer surface. A heating layer is located on the inner tube, which contains carbon fibers enclosed in a polymeric material. A heat-insulating layer is located around the heating layer. An outer pipe is located around the heat-insulating layer. The outer tube is made in such a way that it can withstand an external pressure of at least 100 bar. The spacer means keep the outer pipe at a constant distance from the inner pipe. The power source supplies electric current to the heating layer to heat the inner pipe.

However, known devices for heating a fluid in a conduit are often technically complex or used with high energy consumption. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for heating a fluid, which, at least, do not have the disadvantages of known devices and methods. In particular, the apparatus and method must be technically easy to operate and also cost-effective. In particular, the device and method should be applicable to heating the fluid, which causes a decrease in insulation, for example, during coking in slotted furnaces.

This problem is solved using a device with features according to claim 1 and a method with features according to claim 12. Preferred embodiments of the invention are also given in the respective dependent claims and the references of the dependent claims.

The terms have, detect, contain, or include, or any grammatical derivatives of these terms, are used below. Accordingly, these terms can refer both to situations in which there are no other features in addition to the indicated features, and to situations in which there is one or more other features. For example, the expression A has B, A finds B, A contains B, or A includes B can refer to a situation in which there is no other element in A than B (i.e., a situation in which A consists only of B) , and to a situation in which in addition to B there is one or more elements in A, for example, element C, elements C and D, or even other elements.

In addition, it should be noted that the terms at least one and one or more, as well as grammatical derivatives of these or similar terms, when used in connection with one or more elements or features, mean that the element or feature can be represented by one or more than once, and are usually used only once, for example, at the first mention of a feature or element. Upon subsequent repeated mention of a feature or element, the corresponding term

- 1 041693 at least one or one or more, as a rule, is no longer used, given that the feature or element can be presented one or more times.

In addition, the following terms are used preferably, especially, for example, or similar terms in combination with selective characteristics, without being limited to alternative embodiments. Thus, the features that are described by these terms are selective features and do not, by means of these features, limit the scope of protection of the claims and, in particular, the independent claims. Thus, the invention, at the choice of a specialist, may have another implementation. Likewise, features used in an embodiment of the invention or in an exemplary embodiment of the invention are understood to be selective features, not limited to alternative embodiments or the scope of independent claims. In addition, all possibilities of combining the features used with other features introduced by these concepts, whether selective or non-selective features, must remain intact.

In a first aspect of the present invention, a fluid heating device is provided. Under the fluid in the framework of the present invention should be understood as a gaseous and/or liquid medium. The fluid may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of: water, steam, combustion air, hydrocarbon mixture, fissile hydrocarbon. For example, the fluid may be a thermally cleavable hydrocarbon, in particular a thermally cleavable mixture of hydrocarbons. For example, the fluid may be water or steam and further comprise a thermally decomposable hydrocarbon, in particular mixtures of thermally decomposable hydrocarbons. The fluid may, for example, be a preheated mixture of thermally decomposable hydrocarbons and steam. Other fluids are also acceptable. The heating of a fluid can be understood as a process that leads to a change in the temperature of the fluid, in particular to an increase in the temperature of the fluid, such as heating the fluid. The fluid may, for example, be heated as the temperature rises to predetermined or predetermined temperature values. For example, the fluid may be heated to a temperature in the range of 4001200°C.

The device may be part of an installation. For example, the plant may be selected from the group consisting of: steam cracker, steam reformer, alkane dehydrogenation facility. For example, the unit may be configured to at least carry out a process including: steam cracking, steam reforming, alkane dehydrogenation.

The device, for example, may be part of a steam cracker. Vapor cracking is understood to mean a process in which long chain hydrocarbons, such as naphtha, propane, butane and ethane, as well as gas oil and hydrowax, are thermally cracked into short chain hydrocarbons in the presence of steam. Steam-phase cracking can produce hydrogen, methane, ethene and propene as the main products, as well as butenes and pyrolysis gasoline. The steam cracker may be configured to heat the fluid to a temperature in the range of 550-1100°C.

For example, the device may be part of a reformer. Vapor reforming can be understood as a process for producing hydrogen and carbon oxides from water and carbon-based energy sources, in particular hydrocarbons such as natural gas, light gasoline, methanol, biogas or biomass. For example, the fluid may be heated to a temperature in the range of 200-400°C, preferably 400-700°C.

For example, the device may be part of an alkane dehydrogenation facility. Under the dehydrogenation of alkanes can be understood a process for the production of alkenes by dehydrogenation of alkanes, for example the dehydrogenation of butane to butenes (BDH) or the dehydrogenation of propane to propene (PDH). The device for dehydrogenation of alkanes can be configured to heat the fluid to a temperature in the range of 400-700°C.

However, other temperatures and temperature ranges are also acceptable.

The device contains:

at least one electrically conductive pipeline and/or at least one electrically conductive element of the pipeline for receiving fluid, and at least one source of direct current and/or constant voltage, each pipeline and/or each element of the pipeline is provided, respectively, with a source of direct current and /or direct voltage, which is connected to the corresponding pipeline and/or to the corresponding pipeline element, and the corresponding source of direct current and/or constant voltage is designed in such a way that an electric current is generated in the corresponding pipeline and/or in the corresponding pipeline element, which heats the corresponding a conduit and/or a corresponding conduit element for heating the fluid medium with Joule heat, which occurs when an electric current passes through the conductive material of the pipe.

Under the pipeline in the framework of the present invention can be understood as a device of any shape, which is made in such a way that it is able to receive and transport a fluid. Under

- 2 041693 pipeline element can be understood as a section of the pipeline. The pipeline may at least comprise a symmetrical and/or at least asymmetrical pipe. The geometry and/or surfaces and/or material of the pipeline may depend on the fluid being transported. An electrically conductive conduit can be understood to mean that the conduit, in particular the material of the conduit, is designed in such a way that it is capable of conducting an electric current. The pipeline may be in the form of a reformer reactor tube. The pipeline can be made in the form of a reactor tube, at least a device selected from the group consisting of: a steam-phase cracking plant, a steam-phase reformer, an alkane dehydrogenation device.

The device may contain a plurality of pipelines and/or pipeline elements. The device may contain L pipelines and/or elements of the pipeline, and L means a natural number greater than or equal to two. For example, the device may contain at least two, three, four, five, or also more pipelines and/or pipeline elements. The device, for example, may contain up to hundreds of pipelines and/or elements of the pipeline. Pipelines and/or elements of the pipeline may be identical or different. The pipelines and/or pipeline elements may comprise symmetrical and/or non-symmetrical pipes and/or combinations thereof. With only symmetrical execution, the device can contain pipelines and/or pipeline elements of the same type of pipes. By non-symmetrical pipes and combinations of symmetrical and non-symmetrical pipes, it can be understood that the device can contain any combination of types of pipes, which, for example, can be connected in any way in parallel or in series. Under the type of pipes can be understood category or type of pipeline and / or pipeline element that differ in certain characteristics. The type of pipes can be characterized by at least one feature selected from the group consisting of: horizontal execution of the pipeline and/or pipeline element; vertical execution of the pipeline and/or pipeline element; lengths at the input (L1) and/or at the output (L2) and/or at the transition (L3); diameter at the inlet (d1) and at the outlet (d2) and/or at the transition (d3); the number of n transitions; length per transition; transition diameter; geometry; surfaces; and material. The device may comprise a combination of at least two different types of pipes that are connected in parallel and/or in series. For example, the device may contain pipelines and/or pipeline elements of various lengths at the inlet (L1) and/or outlet (L2) and/or at the transition (L3). For example, the device may contain pipelines and/or pipeline elements with a diameter asymmetry at the inlet (d1) and/or outlet (d2) and/or transition (d3). For example, the device may contain conduits and/or conduit elements with varying numbers of junctions. For example, the device may comprise conduits and/or conduit elements with vias of varying lengths per via and/or different diameters per via. In principle, any combination of all types of pipes in parallel and/or in series can be used. The device may contain multiple inputs and/or outputs of the download and/or production streams. The concept of loading should be understood as the flow of a substance that is fed into the device. Pipelines and/or pipeline elements of different or identical types of pipes may be arranged in parallel and/or in series with multiple feed inlets and/or outlets. Pipelines and/or pipeline elements can be different types of pipes in the form of a unified assembly and can be combined in any way, depending on the purpose of the application. By using piping and/or piping elements of different types of piping, it is possible to establish precise temperature conditions and/or to match the variable load reaction and/or the selective yield reaction and/or to help optimize the process. The pipelines and/or pipeline elements may have the same or different geometry and/or surfaces and/or material. Pipelines and/or pipeline elements may be connected by a transitional connection, and thus a system of pipes for receiving fluid is formed. Under the pipe system can be understood as a device of at least two, particularly preferably connected to each other pipelines and/or pipeline elements. The piping system may contain inlet and outlet pipelines. The piping system may include at least one fluid inlet. The piping system may include at least one fluid outlet. The term "linked" can be understood to mean that the pipeline and/or elements of the pipeline are connected to each other by a fluid connection. Thus, pipelines and/or pipeline elements can be arranged and connected in such a way that the fluid passes through the pipelines and/or pipeline elements in turn. The conduits and/or conduit elements may be connected in parallel to each other such that the fluid may flow through at least two conduits and/or conduit elements in parallel. Pipelines and/or pipeline elements, in particular pipelines and/or pipeline elements connected in parallel, can be configured to transport different fluids in parallel. Particularly preferably, for conveying different fluid flows, parallel pipelines and/or pipeline elements can have different geometries and/or surfaces and/or materials in relation to each other. In particular, for transporting a fluid, some or all of the pipelines and/or elements of the pipeline may be arranged in parallel, so that the fluid is distributed accordingly to the parallel pipelines. Combinations of serial and parallel connection are also allowed.

The pipelines and/or pipeline elements and the corresponding inlet and outlet pipelines can be connected to each other with the possibility of carrying fluid, and the pipelines and/or pipeline elements and the inlet and outlet pipelines can be galvanically isolated from each other. By galvanically isolated from each other, it can be understood that the pipelines and/or pipeline elements and the inlet and outlet pipelines are separated from each other in such a way that no electrical conductivity and/or permissible electrical conductivity occurs between the pipelines and/or pipeline elements and the inlet and outlet pipelines. conductivity. The device may comprise at least one insulator, particularly preferably a plurality of insulators. Galvanic isolation between the respective pipelines and/or pipeline elements and the inlet and outlet pipelines can be provided by insulators. The insulators may allow free passage of the fluid.

A direct current source can be understood as a device capable of generating direct current. A constant voltage source can be understood as a device capable of generating a constant voltage. The sources of direct current and/or direct voltage are configured to generate direct current in the corresponding pipeline and/or the corresponding element of the pipeline. Direct current can be understood as basically direct electric current in terms of strength and direction. DC voltage is understood to be essentially a constant electrical voltage. Under essentially constant can be understood current or voltage, fluctuations which are negligible for the expected effect.

Each of the pipelines and/or each element of the pipeline can have a built-in source of direct current and/or constant voltage, which is connected to the corresponding pipeline and/or to the corresponding element of the pipeline, in particular, electrically using at least one electrical connection. For connecting direct current and/or direct voltage sources and the corresponding pipeline and/or the corresponding pipeline element, the device 1 may contain 1-N positive poles and/or conductors and 1-N negative poles and/or conductors, N being a natural number, greater than or equal to two.

The device may comprise a plurality of DC and/or DC voltage sources. Each pipeline and/or each pipeline element, respectively, can be connected to a source of direct current and/or constant voltage, which is connected to the corresponding pipeline and/or to the corresponding pipeline element, in particular electrically by means of at least one electrical connection. For connecting direct current and/or direct voltage sources and the corresponding pipeline and/or the corresponding pipeline element, the device 2 may contain 2-N positive poles and/or conductors and 1-N negative poles and/or conductors, N being a natural number, greater than or equal to three. The respective direct current and/or direct voltage sources are configured to generate electric current in the respective pipeline and/or in the respective pipeline element. The generated current can heat the respective conduit and/or the respective conduit element with the help of Joule heat, which occurs when the electric current passes through the conductive material of the pipe, to heat the fluid. Heating of a pipeline and/or pipeline element can be understood as a process that leads to a change in the temperature of the pipeline and/or pipeline element, in particular to an increase in the temperature of the pipeline and/or pipeline element.

Further, the device may comprise at least one filament, which, for example, may be wrapped around a pipeline and/or a pipeline element. A source of constant current and/or constant voltage may be connected to the filament. The constant current and/or constant voltage source may be configured to generate current in the filament and thus capable of generating heat. The filament can be configured to heat the pipeline and/or pipeline element, in particular with the possibility of heating.

DC current and/or DC voltage sources may be either regulated or unregulated. The DC current and/or DC voltage sources may or may not be configured to control at least one electrical input. Under the initial parameter can be understood current and/or voltage value, and/or current and/or voltage signal. The device may contain 2-M different sources of constant current and/or constant voltage, and M means a natural number greater than or equal to three. The DC current and/or DC voltage sources can be electrically controlled independently of each other. Thus, for example, different currents are generated in the respective pipelines and different temperatures are achieved in the pipelines.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for heating a fluid. The method uses a device according to the invention. The method includes the following steps:

- 4 041693 providing at least one electrically conductive pipeline and/or at least one electrically conductive element of the pipeline for receiving fluid;

receiving fluid in the pipeline and/or pipeline element;

providing at least one source of direct current and/or constant voltage, each pipeline and/or each element of the pipeline is provided with a source of direct current or constant voltage, respectively, and the specified source of direct current or constant voltage is connected to the corresponding pipeline and/or to the corresponding element pipeline, generating an electric current in the respective pipeline and/or in the respective pipeline element by means of a suitable direct current and/or constant voltage source, which heats the respective pipeline and/or the respective pipeline element with the help of Joule heat, which arises when the electric current passes through the conductive pipe material, for heating the fluid.

For embodiments and definitions, reference may be made to the above description. The process steps may be carried out in this order, wherein one or more of the steps, at least in part, may also be carried out simultaneously, and wherein one or more of the steps may be repeated multiple times. In addition, other steps can additionally be carried out regardless of whether they are mentioned in this application or not.

The fluid can pass through the respective pipelines and/or pipeline elements of the device and be heated in them, while the pipelines are heated by direct current supplied to these pipelines and/or pipeline elements from sources of direct current and/or direct voltage, thus, in pipelines and/or pipeline elements, Joule heat is generated which is transferred to the fluid, and thus the fluid is heated during passage through the pipelines and/or pipeline elements.

For example, a thermally decomposable hydrocarbon, in particular a thermally decomposable mixture of hydrocarbons, can be heated as a fluid.

For example, water or water vapor can be heated as a fluid, such water or such water vapor being particularly preferably heated to a temperature in the range of 550-700°C, and the fluid additionally contains a thermally decomposable hydrocarbon, particularly preferably a mixture of thermally decomposable hydrocarbons. The fluid to be heated may be a preheated mixture of thermally decomposable hydrocarbons and steam.

For example, as a fluid, the combustion air of the reformer is preheated or preheated, for example, to a temperature in the range of 200-800°C, preferably 400-700°C.

For example, the conduit may be in the form of a reformer reactor tube.

Within the scope of the present invention, the following embodiments of the invention are particularly preferred.

Embodiment 1: a device for heating a fluid medium, comprising:

at least one electrically conductive pipeline and/or at least one electrically conductive element of the pipeline for receiving fluid, and at least one source of direct current and/or constant voltage, each pipeline and/or each element of the pipeline is provided, respectively, with a source of direct current and /or direct voltage, which is connected to the corresponding pipeline and/or to the corresponding pipeline element, and the corresponding source of direct current and/or constant voltage is designed in such a way that an electric current is generated in the corresponding pipeline and/or in the corresponding pipeline element, which heats the corresponding a conduit and/or a corresponding conduit element for heating the fluid medium with Joule heat, which occurs when an electric current passes through the conductive material of the pipe.

Embodiment 2: The device according to the previous embodiment, characterized in that the device comprises a plurality of pipelines and/or pipeline elements, the pipelines and/or pipeline elements being connected by a transitional connection, and thus a piping system for receiving fluid is formed.

Embodiment 3: a device according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the device comprises L pipelines and/or pipeline elements, L being a natural number greater than or equal to two, the pipelines and/or pipeline elements comprising asymmetrical pipes and/or their combination.

Embodiment 4: a device according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the device comprises L pipelines and/or pipeline elements, where L is a natural number greater than or equal to two, and the device contains a combination of at least two different types of pipes, which connected in parallel and/or in series, and the type of pipes can be characterized by at least one feature selected from the group consisting of: horizontal execution of the pipeline and/or pipeline element; vertical execution of the pipeline and/or pipeline element; lengths at the inlet (L1) and/or at the outlet (L2) and/or

- 5 041693 at the transition (L3); diameter at the inlet (d1) and at the outlet (d2) and/or at the transition (d3); the number of n transitions; length per transition; transition diameter; geometry; surfaces; and material.

Execution 5: device according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the pipelines and/or pipeline elements and the corresponding inlet and outlet pipelines are connected to each other with the possibility of conducting liquid, and the pipelines and/or pipeline elements and the inlet and outlet pipelines are galvanically untied from each other.

Option 6: a device according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the device contains insulators, which are made with the possibility of galvanic isolation between the respective pipelines and/or elements of the pipeline and the inlet and outlet pipelines, and the insulators are made with the possibility of ensuring the free passage of the fluid medium .

Embodiment 7: a device according to one of the previous five embodiments, characterized in that some or all pipelines and/or pipeline elements are arranged in series and/or parallel.

Embodiment 8: a device according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the device comprises a plurality of direct current and/or constant voltage sources, wherein the direct current and/or constant voltage sources are made with or without the ability to control at least one electrical input parameter .

Embodiment 9: device according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the device for connecting DC and/or DC voltage sources and the corresponding pipeline and/or the corresponding pipeline element contains 2-N positive poles and/or conductors and 2-N negative poles and/or conductors, N being a natural number greater than or equal to three.

Embodiment 10: A device according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the respective DC and/or DC voltage sources are identical or different.

Embodiment 11: a device according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the device contains 2-M different sources of direct current and/or direct voltage, where M is a natural number greater than or equal to three, and the sources of direct current and/or direct voltage the voltages can be electrically adjustable independently of each other.

Option 12: installation containing at least one device according to one of the previous options.

Embodiment 13: plant according to the previous embodiment, characterized in that the plant is selected from the group consisting of: steam cracker, steam reformer, alkane dehydrogenator.

Embodiment 14: A method for heating a fluid using a device according to one of the preceding device embodiments, the method comprising the following steps:

providing at least one electrically conductive conduit and/or at least one electrically conductive conduit element for receiving fluid;

receiving fluid in the pipeline and/or pipeline element;

providing at least one source of direct current and/or constant voltage, each pipeline and/or each element of the pipeline is provided, respectively, with a source of direct current or constant voltage, which is connected to the corresponding pipeline and/or to the corresponding element of the pipeline;

generation of an electric current in the respective pipeline and/or in the respective pipeline element by means of a suitable source of direct current and/or constant voltage, which heats the corresponding pipeline and/or the corresponding pipeline element with the help of Joule heat, which arises when the electric current passes through the conductive material of the pipe , to heat the fluid.

Embodiment 15: A method according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that a thermally decomposable hydrocarbon, in particular a thermally decomposable mixture of hydrocarbons, is heated as the fluid.

Embodiment 16: method according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that water or water vapor is heated as the fluid, such water or such water vapor being particularly preferably heated to a temperature in the range of 550-700°C, and the fluid additionally contains a thermally decomposable hydrocarbon, particularly preferably a mixture of thermally decomposable hydrocarbons, wherein the fluid to be heated is a preheated mixture of thermally decomposable hydrocarbon and water vapor.

Embodiment 17: Process according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the combustion air of the reformer is preheated as the fluid, for example to a temperature in the range of 200-800°C, preferably 400-700°C .

Embodiment 18: A method according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the pipeline is made in the form of pipes of a reformer reactor.

Brief description of the figures

Additional data and features of the invention are given in the following description of preferred embodiments, in particular in conjunction with dependent claims. In this case, the respective features can be implemented separately or in combination with each other. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments.

Execution examples are schematically shown in the figures. The same reference numbers in the individual figures mean elements that are the same or have the same purpose, i.e. they correspond to each other in terms of their purpose.

In particular, it shows:

in fig. 1a-1c are schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention;

in fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention;

in fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention;

in fig. 4a and 4b are schematic representations of additional embodiments of the device according to the invention;

in fig. 5a-5c are schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention;

in fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention;

in fig. 7 is a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention;

in fig. 8a and 8b are schematic representations of additional embodiments of the device according to the invention;

in fig. 9Ai-9Cvi schematic representation of pipe types; and in FIG. 10a-10y a unified assembly with types of pipes and an example of execution according to the invention of combinations of pipelines and / or pipeline elements.

Execution examples

Fig. 1a-1c show, respectively, a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a device 110 according to the invention for heating a fluid. Device 110 includes at least one electrically conductive conduit 112 and/or at least one electrically conductive conduit element 114 for receiving fluid. The fluid may be a gaseous and/or liquid medium. The fluid, for example, may be selected from the group consisting of: water, steam, combustion air, hydrocarbon mixture, fissile hydrocarbon. For example, the fluid may be a thermally cleavable hydrocarbon, in particular a thermally cleavable mixture of hydrocarbons. For example, the fluid may be water or steam and further comprise a thermally decomposable hydrocarbon, in particular mixtures of thermally decomposable hydrocarbons. The fluid, for example, may be a preheated mixture of thermally decomposable hydrocarbons and steam. Other fluids are also acceptable. The device 110 may be configured to heat the fluid, in particular to raise the temperature of the fluid. The fluid may, for example, be heated as the temperature rises to predetermined or predetermined temperature values. For example, the fluid may be heated to a temperature in the range of 400-1200°C.

For example, device 110 may be part of an installation. For example, the plant may be selected from the group consisting of: steam cracker, steam reformer, alkane dehydrogenation facility. For example, apparatus 110 may be configured to at least carry out a process including: steam cracking, steam reforming, alkane dehydrogenation. Device 110, for example, may be part of a steam cracker. The steam cracker may be configured to heat the fluid to a temperature in the range of 550-1100°C. For example, apparatus 110 may be part of a reformer. For example, the fluid may be reformer combustion air that is preheated or preheated, for example, to a temperature in the range of 200-800°C, preferably 400-700°C. For example, device 110 may be part of an alkane dehydrogenation facility. The device for dehydrogenation of alkanes can be configured to heat the fluid to a temperature in the range of 400-700°C. However, other temperatures and temperature ranges are also acceptable.

Conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 may be configured to receive and transport fluid. Conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 may include at least one elbow 116 or one bend. Conduit 112 may at least contain

- 7 041693 at least one symmetrical and/or at least one non-symmetrical pipe. Fig. 1c shows an embodiment with three symmetrical conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114. The geometry and/or surfaces and/or material of conduit 112 may depend on the fluid being transported. Conduit 112 and/or conduit member 114 may be configured to conduct electrical current. Conduit 112 may be in the form of a reformer reactor tube.

Fig. 1b shows an exemplary embodiment in which the device comprises a conduit 112. The device 110 may comprise a plurality of conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114, for example as shown in FIG. 1a, two, or, as shown in FIG. 1s, - three. Device 110 may include L conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114, where L is a natural number greater than or equal to two. For example, device 110 may include at least two, three, four, five, or even more conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114. The device 110, for example, may contain up to one hundred pipelines 112 and/or pipeline elements 114. The conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 may be identical or different. Conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 may be connected by a transitional connection, and thus a system 118 of pipes for receiving fluid is formed. The piping system 118 may include inlet and outlet conduits 112. The piping system 118 may include at least one fluid inlet 120. The system 118 pipes may contain at least one outlet 122 to release the fluid. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which conduit 112 and/or conduit elements 114 are positioned and connected such that fluid passes through conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 in turn.

The conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 and the respective inlet and outlet conduits may be fluidly connected to each other, wherein the conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 and the inlet and outlet conduits may be galvanically isolated from each other. The device 110 may comprise at least electrical isolation, particularly preferably at least one insulator 124, more preferably a plurality of insulators 124. Electrical isolation between the respective conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 and the inlet and outlet conduits may be provided by insulators 124. Isolators 124 may allow free passage of fluid.

The device 110 contains at least one source 126 of constant current and/or constant voltage. Device 110 may include a plurality of DC and/or DC voltage sources 126, such as shown in FIG. 1c for examples. The device 110 may contain 2 - M different sources 126 of constant current and/or constant voltage, and M means a natural number greater than or equal to three. The source 126 of direct current and/or constant voltage is connected to the respective conduit 112 and/or the respective conduit element 114, in particular electrically via at least one electrical connection. To connect sources 126 direct current and/or direct voltage and the corresponding pipeline 112 and/or the corresponding element 114 pipeline device 110 may contain 2-N positive poles and/or conductors 128 and 2-N negative poles and/or conductors 130, and N means a natural number greater than or equal to three. DC and/or DC voltage sources 126 may be either regulated or unregulated. DC current and/or DC voltage sources 126 may or may not be capable of adjusting at least one electrical input. DC and/or DC voltage sources 126 can be electrically controlled independently of each other. For example, different currents are generated in the respective conduits 112 and different temperatures are achieved in the conduits 112.

The respective DC and/or DC voltage sources 126 are configured to generate electric current in the respective conduit 112 and/or in the respective conduit element 114. The resulting current may heat the respective conduit 112 and/or the respective conduit member 114 with the Joule heat that occurs when an electric current passes through the conductive material of the pipe to heat the fluid.

Fig. 5a-5c show, respectively, a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a device 110 according to the invention for heating a fluid, wherein in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 5a-5c, respectively, the reaction chamber 111 of the device 110 is shown. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 5a can be referred to in FIG. 1a. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 5b reference can be made to FIG. 1b. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 5c can be referred to in FIG. 1s.

Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a device 110 according to the invention. With regard to the embodiment of the apparatus, reference is made to the description with respect to FIG. 1 with the following features. In this embodiment, the device 110 includes a conduit 112 and/or a conduit member 114 with three elbows 116 or bends that are fluidly connected. Device

- 8 041693 contains an inlet 120 and an outlet 122. The fluid may pass the pipeline 112 and/or the pipeline element 114 from the inlet 120 to the outlet 122 in series. For galvanic isolation, device 110 may include insulators 124, such as two insulators 124 shown in FIG. 2. In this embodiment, the device 110 contains a single source 126 of constant current and/or constant voltage. To connect sources 126 of direct current and/or direct voltage and the corresponding pipeline 112 and/or the corresponding element 114 of the pipeline, the device 110 may include a positive pole and/or conductor 128 and a negative pole and/or conductor 130.

Fig. 6 shows, respectively, a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a device 110 according to the invention for heating a fluid, wherein in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 6 further respectively shows the reaction chamber 111 of the device 110. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 6, reference may be made to a description of FIG. 2.

Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a device 110 according to the invention. With regard to the embodiment of the device, reference is made to the description with respect to FIG. 1 with the following features. In an embodiment, device 110 in FIG. 3 contains a pipeline 112 and/or a pipeline element 114 with an elbow 116 or bend. For galvanic isolation, device 110 may include insulators 124, such as two insulators 124 shown in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, the device 110 includes a single DC current and/or DC voltage source 126. Further, the device 110 may include at least a filament 132, which, for example, may be wound around a pipeline and/or a pipeline element. A source 126 of direct current and/or constant voltage may be connected to the filament 132. The DC current and/or DC voltage source 126 may be configured to generate current in the filament 132 and thus heat. Filament 132 may be configured to heat conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114.

Fig. 7 shows, respectively, a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a device 110 according to the invention for heating a fluid, wherein in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 7 further respectively shows the reaction chamber 111 of the device 110. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 7, reference may be made to a description of FIG. 3.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1a and 1c, conduits 112 are arranged in series. Fig. 4a and 4b show embodiments with conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 connected in parallel, FIG. 4a-with two parallel conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114, and in FIG. 4b with 3 parallel conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114. A different number of parallel conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 is also possible. In FIG. 4a and 4b, device 110 includes an inlet 120 and an outlet 122. Conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 may be connected relative to each other such that fluid can flow through at least two conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 in parallel. . Conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 connected in parallel may have different geometries and/or surfaces and/or materials relative to each other. For example, conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 connected in parallel may have a different number of elbows 116 or bends.

Fig. 8a and 8b show a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a device 110 according to the invention for heating a fluid, wherein in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 8a and 8b, respectively, the reaction chamber 111 of the device 110 is shown. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 8a can be referred to in FIG. 4a. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 8b reference can be made to FIG. 4b.

The device may contain symmetrical and/or non-symmetrical pipes and/or combinations thereof. With only symmetrical execution, the device 110 may contain pipelines 112 and/or pipeline elements 114 of the same type of pipes. Device 110 may comprise any combination of pipe types, which may be connected in any manner in parallel or in series, for example. The type of pipes can be characterized by at least one feature selected from the group consisting of: horizontal execution of the pipeline 112 and/or element 114 of the pipeline; vertical execution of the pipeline 112 and/or element 114 of the pipeline; lengths at the input (L1) and/or at the output (L2) and/or at the transition (L3); diameter at the inlet (d1) and at the outlet (d2) and/or at the transition (d3); the number of n transitions; length per transition; transition diameter; geometry; surfaces; and material. Alternatively or additionally, the pipe type may be selected from at least one conduit 112 and/or at least one conduit element 114, with or without galvanic isolation and/or ground 125. Galvanic isolation can be performed, for example, using an insulator 124. For example , galvanic isolation can be provided at the inlet 120 of the pipeline 112 and/or the pipeline element 114, and the galvanic isolation at the outlet 122 of the pipeline 112 and/or the pipeline element 114. For example, galvanic isolation can be provided at inlet 120 of conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 and grounding 125 at outlet 122 of conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114. On

- 9 041693 example, galvanic isolation can be provided only at the inlet 120 of the pipeline 112 and/or the element 114 of the pipeline. For example, grounding 125 may be provided only at inlet 120 of conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114. For example, conduit 112 and/or conduit member 114 does not have a ground connection 125 at inlet 120 and outlet 122 and/or is not electrically isolated at inlet 120 and outlet 122. Alternatively or additionally, the type of pipe may be characterized by the direction of the fluid. . The fluid can in principle flow in two directions, which are referred to as the first and second flow directions. The first and second flow directions may be opposite. Alternatively or additionally, the type of pipes can be characterized by the loading of the conduit 112 and/or the DC conduit element 114 . For example, a direct current may be applied anywhere in conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 between at least two negative poles and/or conductors. For example, the supply may be in the middle between two negative poles, so that the resistance of the conduit 112 and/or conduit elements 114 is divided into two partial resistances R1 and R2. One half of the DC current can be directed to the first negative pole and the other half to the second negative pole. Feeding can also take place anywhere between the negative poles/conductors, thus obtaining different partial resistances. For example, direct current is applied through the negative pole and/or conductor and the positive pole and/or conductor on conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114. For example, direct current can flow from the positive to the negative pole, and conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 can be considered as a total resistance R. Any combination of pipe types is possible.

Fig. 9Ai-9Civ show by way of example possible embodiments of pipe types in a schematic representation. Meanwhile, in FIG. 9Ai-9Civ respectively indicates the type of pipes. It can be subdivided into the following categories, and all possible combinations of categories are possible:

Category A indicates the shape of the conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114, with A1 being a type of pipe with a horizontal shape and A2 being a type of pipe with a vertical shape that is perpendicular to the horizontal shape.

Category B gives the ratio of the length at the inlet (L1) and / or at the outlet (L2) and / or the diameter at the inlet (d1) and / or at the outlet (d2) and / or at the transition (d3), and in the unified node 138 are six different combinations.

Category C gives the ratio of the length at the input (L1) and/or at the output (L2) and the length of the transitions. Here, all reversals of current direction are allowed, denoted by Ci in this case.

Category D indicates whether at least one pipeline 112 and/or at least one pipeline element 114 is made with or without electrical isolation and/or grounding 125. Electrical isolation can be performed, for example, using an insulator 124. D1 indicates the type of pipes , in which galvanic isolation can be provided at the inlet 120 of the pipeline 112 and/or pipeline element 114, and galvanic isolation at the outlet 122 of the pipeline 112 and/or pipeline element 114. D2 means the type of pipes, in which galvanic isolation can be provided at the inlet 120 of the pipeline 112 and/or pipeline element 114 and grounding 125 at the outlet 122 of the pipeline 112 and/or pipeline element 114. D3 means the type of pipes, in which galvanic isolation can be provided only at the inlet 120 of the pipeline 112 and/or the element 114 of the pipeline. D4 means the type of pipes, which can be provided with grounding 125 only at the inlet 120 of the pipeline 112 and/or element 114 of the pipeline. D5 means a type of pipe in which pipeline 112 and/or pipeline element 114 do not have ground 125 at inlet 120 and outlet 122 and/or are not electrically isolated at inlet 120 and outlet 122. Category E indicates the direction of the fluid. The fluid can fundamentally flow in two directions. The pipe type in which the fluid is directed to the first flow direction is called the E1 pipe type, and the pipe type in which the fluid is directed to the second flow direction is called the E2 pipe type. The first and second flow directions may be opposite.

Category F characterizes the loading of the pipeline 112 and/or element 114 of the pipeline with direct current. F1 means the type of pipes, in which the DC supply is carried out anywhere in the pipeline 112 and/or pipeline element 114, at least between two negative poles and/or conductors. For example, the supply may be in the middle between two negative poles, so that the resistance of the conduit 112 and/or conduit elements 114 is divided into two partial resistances R1 and R2. One half of the DC current can be directed to the first negative pole and the other half to the second negative pole. Feeding can also be done anywhere between the negative poles/conductors, so different partial resistances can be obtained. F2 means the type of pipes in which the supply or introduction of direct current is carried out through the negative pole and/or conductor and the positive pole and/or conductor on the pipeline 112 and/or pipeline element 114. For example, direct current can flow from the positive to the negative pole, and conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 can be considered as a total resistance R. Any combination of pipe types is possible.

In FIG. 9Ai shows conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 of the pipe type A1D1F2. The pipeline 112 and/or the element 114 of the pipeline have a horizontal shape. The device 110 in this embodiment includes two insulators 124 that are located after the inlet 120 and before the outlet 122. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 9Ai can be referred to in FIG. 5b. In FIG. 9Ai exemplifies possible directions of flow Ei as a double arrow at inlet 120 and outlet 122. In other FIGS. 9, inlet 120 and outlet 122 are labeled together. An example of execution in Fig. 9Aii shows the pipe type A1D2F2 and differs from FIG. 9Ai in that the device 110 contains only an insulator 124, with ground 125 instead of the second insulator. The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 9Aiii shows the pipe type A1D3F2 and differs from FIG. 9Aii in that grounding 125 is not provided. In FIG. 9Aiv, pipe type A1D4F2, device 110 compared to FIG. 9Aiii contains only ground 125 instead of an insulator. Embodiments without insulator 124 or grounds 125 are also possible, as shown in FIG. 9Av, pipe type A1D5F2. Fig. 9Ai-9Avi show the types of pipes in which the DC supply is carried out through the negative pole and/or conductor and the positive pole and/or conductor on the conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114. Fig. 9Avi shows the type of pipes A1 F1, in which the direct current is applied anywhere in the conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 between at least two negative poles and/or conductors.

In FIG. 9Bi, pipe type BiD1F2, shows the inlet (L1), outlet (L2) and transition (L3) lengths, as well as the inlet (d1), outlet (d2) and reduction (d3) diameters. The device 110 may include conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 of varying lengths at the inlet (L1) and/or outlet (L2) and/or at the transition (L3), and/or diameter at the inlet (d1) and/or outlet (d2) and/or at the transition (d3). With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 9Bi, reference may be made to the description of FIG. 5b. An example of execution in Fig. 9Bii shows the BiD2F2 pipe type and differs from FIG. 9Bi in that the device 110 contains only an insulator 124, with ground 125 instead of the second insulator. The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 9Biii shows the BiD3F2 pipe type and differs from FIG. 9Bii in that grounding 125 is not provided. In FIG. 9Biv, pipe type BiD4F2, device 110 compared to FIG. 9Biii contains only ground 125 instead of an insulator. Embodiments without insulator 124 or grounds 125 are also possible, as shown in FIG. 9Bv, pipe type BiD5F2. Fig. 9Bi-9Bvi show the types of pipes in which the DC supply is carried out through the negative pole and/or conductor and the positive pole and/or conductor on the conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114. Fig. 9Bvi shows the type of pipes BiF1, in which the DC supply is carried out anywhere in the conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 between at least two negative poles and/or conductors.

Fig. 9Ci, pipe type CiD1F2, shows an exemplary embodiment in which the device 110 comprises conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 with n junctions, for example three are shown here. The transitions can respectively have different lengths L3, L4, L5 and/or diameters d3, d4, d5. With regard to the additional elements of FIG. 9Ci, reference may be made to the description of FIG. 6. The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 9Cii shows the pipe type CiD2F2 and differs from FIG. 9Ci in that the device 110 contains only an insulator 124, with a ground connection 125 instead of the second insulator. The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 9Cii shows the type of pipe GD2F2 and differs from FIG. 9Cii in that earthing 125 is not provided. In FIG. 9Civ, pipe type GD4F2, device 110 compared to FIG. 9Ciii contains only ground 125 instead of an insulator. Embodiments without insulator 124 or grounds 125 are also possible, as shown in FIG. 9Cv, pipe type CiD5F2. Fig. 9Ci-9Cvi show the types of pipes in which the DC supply is carried out through the negative pole and/or conductor and the positive pole and/or conductor on the conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114. Fig. 9Cvi shows a type of pipes CiF1, in which the DC supply is carried out anywhere in the conduit 112 and/or conduit element 114 between at least two negative poles and/or conductors.

Device 110 may include a combination of at least two different types of pipes that are connected in parallel and/or in series.

For example, device 110 may include conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 of various lengths at the inlet (L1) and/or outlet (L2) and/or at the transition (L3). For example, the device may contain pipelines and/or pipeline elements with a diameter asymmetry at the inlet (d1) and/or at the outlet (d2) and/or at the transition (d3). For example, device 110 may include conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 with varying numbers of junctions. For example, device 110 may include conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 with vias of varying lengths per via and/or different diameters per via.

In principle, any combination can be used in parallel and/or in series.

- 11 041693 all types of pipes. Pipelines 112 and/or elements 114 of the pipeline may be different types of pipes in the form of a unified assembly 138 and may be combined in any way depending on the purpose of the application. Fig. 10A shows an embodiment of a unified assembly 138 with different types of pipes. Fig. 10b-10y show examples of embodiments according to the invention of combinations of pipelines 112 and/or pipeline elements 114 of the same and/or different types of pipes. Fig. 10b shows an exemplary embodiment with three horizontal conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 of the A1 pipe type, which are positioned one above the other. Fig. 10c shows two parallel-connected, vertical pipes of the A2 pipe type and a series-connected conduit 112 and/or a series-connected conduit element 114, also of the A2 pipe type. In FIG. 10d shows a plurality of conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 of the type A2 pipes that are connected in parallel. In FIG. 10e shows an embodiment in which a plurality of category B pipe types are arranged alternately. Pipelines 112 and/or elements 114 of the pipeline may be the same or have different types of pipes of category B, which is designated as Bi. Fig. 10f shows an embodiment with six pipelines 112 and/or pipeline elements 114 category B, respectively, two pipelines 112 and/or pipeline element 114 are arranged in two parallel links, and two other pipelines 112 and/or pipeline element 114 are connected in series. Fig. 10g shows an embodiment with pipelines 112 and/or pipeline elements 114 of category C, respectively two pipelines 112 and/or pipeline element 114 are connected in parallel and pipeline 112 and/or pipeline element 114 are connected in series. Mixed forms of categories A, B and C are also possible, as shown in FIG. 10h-m. The device 110 may contain multiple inputs and/or outputs of the download and/or production streams. Conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 of different or identical pipe types may be arranged in parallel and/or in series with multiple feed inlets and/or outlets, such as shown in FIG. 10k and 10m.

Fig. 10n-10p show exemplary combinations of piping 112 and/or piping elements 114 of categories A, D, and F. FIG. 10q and 10r show exemplary combinations of piping 112 and/or piping elements 114 of categories B, D, and F. FIG. 10s shows an exemplary combination of piping 112 and/or piping elements 114 of categories C, D, and F. FIG. 10t shows an exemplary combination of piping 112 and/or piping elements 114 of categories A, D, and F. FIG. 10u shows an exemplary combination of conduit 112 and/or conduit elements 114 of categories A, C, D, and F. FIG. 10v shows an exemplary combination of piping 112 and/or category B, C, D, and F piping elements 114. FIG. 10w and 10y show exemplary combinations of piping 112 and/or piping elements 114 of categories A, B, C, D, and F. FIG. 10x shows exemplary combinations of piping 112 and/or piping elements 114 of categories A, B, D, and F. Device 110 may include a plurality of feed inlets and/or outlets and/or product streams. Pipelines 114 and/or pipeline elements 114 of different or identical types of pipes of categories A, B, C, D, E, and F may be arranged in parallel and/or in series with multiple loading inlets and/or outlets. Examples of a large number of feed inputs and/or outputs and/or product streams are shown in FIG. 10o, 10p, 10r, 10s, 10v-10y.

By using conduits 112 and/or conduit elements 114 of different types of pipes, more accurate temperature control and/or reaction matching can be achieved in the event of a change in supply and/or selective reaction yield and/or optimal process conditions can be ensured.

List of symbols

110 - device,

111 - reaction chamber,

112 - pipeline,

114 - pipeline element,

116 - knee,

118 - pipe system,

120 - inlet,

122 - outlet,

124 - insulator,

125 - grounding,

126 - source of direct current and/or constant voltage,

128 - positive pole / conductor,

130 - negative pole/conductor,

132 - filament,

134 - the first pipeline,

136 - the second pipeline,

138 - unified node.

-

Claims (11)

CLAIM 1. A device (110) for heating a fluid, comprising at least one electrically conductive pipeline (112) and/or at least one electrically conductive element (114) of the pipeline for receiving fluid, and at least one source (126) of direct current and/or constant voltage, and each pipeline (112) and/or each element (114) of the pipeline is provided, respectively, with a source (126) of direct current and/or constant voltage, which is connected to the corresponding pipeline (112) and/or to the corresponding element ( 114) of the pipeline, and the corresponding source (126) of direct current and/or constant voltage is designed in such a way that an electric current is generated in the corresponding pipeline (112) and/or in the corresponding element (114) of the pipeline, which heats the corresponding pipeline (112) and /or the corresponding element (114) of the pipeline for heating the fluid using Joule heat, which occurs during the passage of electrical some current through the conductive material of the pipe, and the device (110) includes a plurality of pipelines (112) and / or elements (114) of the pipeline, and the pipelines (112) and / or elements (114) of the pipeline are connected by a transitional connection, and thus form a pipe system (118) for receiving a fluid, characterized in that the pipelines (112) and/or elements (114) of the pipeline and the corresponding inlet and outlet pipelines are connected to each other with the possibility of transferring the fluid, and the pipelines (112) and/or pipeline elements (114) and inlet and outlet pipelines are galvanically separated from each other. 2. The device (110) according to the preceding paragraph, characterized in that the device (110) contains L elements (114) of the pipeline, and L means a natural number greater than or equal to two, and the elements (114) of the pipeline contain asymmetric pipes and / or their combination. 3. The device (110) according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the device (110) contains insulators (124), which are made with the possibility of galvanic isolation between the respective pipelines (112) and / or pipeline elements (114) and inlet and outlet pipelines, and the insulators (124) are made with the possibility of ensuring the free passage of the fluid. 4. Device (110) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that some or all pipelines (112) and/or elements (114) of the pipeline are arranged in series and/or parallel. 5. The device (110) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (110) contains a plurality of sources (126) of direct current and/or constant voltage, and the sources (126) of direct current and/or constant voltage are made with or without the ability to control at least one electrical source parameter. 6. Device (110) according to the preceding paragraph, characterized in that the device (110) for connecting sources (126) of direct current or direct voltage and the corresponding pipeline (112) and / or the corresponding element (114) of the pipeline contains 2-N positive poles and/or conductors (128) and 2-N negative poles and/or conductors (130), N being a natural number greater than or equal to three. 7. Device (110) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the corresponding sources (126) of direct current or direct voltage are identical or different. 8. The device (110) according to the preceding paragraph, characterized in that the device contains 2-M different sources (126) of direct current and/or constant voltage, and M means a natural number greater than or equal to three, and sources (126) of direct current and/or constant voltage are electrically adjustable independently of each other. 9. Installation, including at least one device (110) according to one of the preceding paragraphs. 10. A plant according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the plant is selected from the group consisting of: a steam cracker, a steam reformer, an alkane dehydrogenator. 11. A method for heating a fluid using a device (110) according to one of the preceding claims regarding the device, the method comprising the following steps: providing at least one electrically conductive pipeline (112) and/or at least one electrically conductive element (114) of the pipeline for receiving fluid, wherein the pipelines (112) and/or elements (114) of the pipeline and the corresponding inlet and outlet pipelines are connected to each other the other with the possibility of transferring the fluid, and pipelines (112) and/or elements (114) of the pipeline and inlet and outlet pipelines are galvanically separated from each other; receiving fluid in the pipeline (112) and/or element (114) of the pipeline; providing at least one source (126) of direct current and/or direct current