EA040673B1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FILTERING FLUID CIRCULATED IN SANITARY AND HEATING SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus and an associated method for filtering fluid circulating in a plumbing and heating system.

The invention is advantageously applied to plumbing systems for temperature control and/or domestic hot water supply in residential, commercial or industrial type buildings.

Heating or domestic hot water systems circulate a fluid, typically water, that circulates through the various components of the system (pipes, boiler, pump, valves, radiator elements, utilities, etc.).

In such systems, it is well known to use filters suitable to keep the circulating fluid as clean as possible, i.e. free of impurities such as dirt, sand, contaminants, etc. This is because these impurities circulating within the system can cause blockages, failures in certain components, in particular the boiler and valves, and generally reduce the performance of various components and reduce overall efficiency.

It is especially important to remove iron particles from various impurities, which are usually released by system components such as pipes and radiant elements (for example, heaters and radiators), as they can cause breakages inside boiler elements or break system lines.

Typically, filters are installed between the line that returns fluid from the system, which is usually filled with impurities and iron particles, and the line that takes the fluid to the boiler (or heat pump). In this way, the filter can act on the feed to, i.e. before, the boiler by sending a fluid that is filtered and cleaned of impurities.

In such a typical plant, the known filters are usually referred to as the filters below the boiler; moreover, in the jargon of the technical sector, these filters are known as dirt separators due to their function of removing impurities.

It is also known to allow the filter to be opened to perform periodic maintenance tasks and in particular to remove impurities collected by the filter or to replace filter elements.

One type of filter of the known type includes both the use of mesh filter elements, which trap impurities such as sand and dirt, and the use of magnetic type filter elements, which allow the separation of iron particles from the fluid in transit by attracting the particles and keeping the particles in contact with magnetic element.

One example of a mechanical and magnetic filter is disclosed in European patent application EP 3159313 A1. This solution reveals a filter housing provided with three separate inlet/outlet nozzles that are identical to each other, two of them are side, in opposite positions of the casing, and top nozzles; three of them are essentially arranged in a T-shape. During the installation phase, it is possible to choose which of the three pipes should be connected to the return line of the system, and which, on the other hand, should be connected to the boiler flow. This allows you to position and install the filter vertically and horizontally, depending on the available space under the boiler (which in some cases is significantly reduced) and depending on the position of the wall to which the boiler is attached, with the connection of the pipes respectively.

The Applicant has found that the known solutions described above are not without drawbacks and their various aspects can be improved.

First of all, some known solutions, provided with three pipes arranged in the shape of the letter T, are able to filter effectively only when the central pipe, that is, the pipe located above the filter housing, is used to enter the fluid into the filter or to exit the fluid from the filter. . This is due to the fact that such solutions provide a mesh filter element (mechanical filtration) of a cylindrical shape, located longitudinally inside the filter chamber itself along the entire length of the chamber, and a magnetic filter element located, in turn, inside the mesh cylindrical element. In this configuration, the central nozzle (located above the cylinder body) is inside the cylindrical screen element, while the two side pipes (on opposite sides of the cylinder body), on the other hand, are outside the cylindrical screen element.

This means that, in particular, in configurations in which two side pipes are used to enter the fluid to be filtered and to exit the filtered fluid (and the top pipe is clogged), the flow can easily pass through the filter chambers, passing around the cylindrical screen element, without having to pass through the cylindrical screen element, and this causes most of the fluid to pass through the filter without being mechanically filtered (i.e., not passing through the screens), with subsequent reduced filtration of impurities and dirt and no passage near the magnetic element and, as consequently, with a decrease in the filtration of iron particles.

Briefly, while some of the known solutions have been proposed for use in a variety of configurations to suit different plant needs, they only work effectively in one configuration, while other configurations do not ensure that all of the flow passes through the filter elements, but rather just a simple transition from inlet to outlet.

In addition, the known solutions run the risk of clogging the mesh cylindrical element that controls the mechanical filtration due to suboptimal use of the flows circulating inside the filter chamber. Blockage results in a loss of flow through the filter or complete blockage.

In addition, known filters cannot provide efficient solutions in terms of assembly, access and maintenance for all different installation conditions and different types of boilers, heat exchangers or heat pumps.

In this situation, the object, which is the basis of the present invention in its various aspects and/or embodiments, is to provide a fluid filtration device and method that can eliminate one or more of the above disadvantages.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method capable of effectively filtering fluid circulating in a plumbing and heating system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluid filtration device that is highly versatile and can adapt to a large number and different types of boilers or other heating system components.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a fluid filtration device that can operate at the same high performance regardless of the mode of installation within a plumbing and heating system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluid filtration device that is highly operationally reliable and/or less prone to failure and malfunction and/or capable of simple and quick maintenance.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a fluid filtration device having a simple and expedient structure.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a fluid filtration device having moderate manufacturing costs relative to the proposed performance and quality.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide alternative solutions to the prior art in designing devices and methods for filtering the fluid circulating in a plumbing and heating system and/or to open up new areas of design.

These objectives, and other possible objects that will become more clear after reading the following description, are essentially achieved using a fluid filtering device and a fluid filtering method according to one or more claims, each of which is considered separately (without corresponding dependent claims) or in any combination with other claims, and according to the following aspects and/or embodiments, combined in various ways, also with the claims.

In the first aspect, the invention relates to a fluid filtration device, comprising a body of the device, forming within itself a filter chamber designed to pass through it the fluid to be filtered, while said body contains a first inlet/outlet that provides communication of said filter chamber with the outer part a device and configured to communicate with the line so as to receive from or send to it a fluid entering or exiting said device body;

a second inlet/outlet that communicates said filter chamber with the outside of the device and is configured to communicate with a line to receive or send fluid into or out of said device body;

a third inlet/outlet that communicates said filter chamber with the outside of the device and is configured to communicate with the line to receive or send fluid into or out of said device housing.

In one aspect, the device is configured to control the flow of fluid through the filter chamber, selectively according to a plurality of operating configurations, from one port from said first inlet/outlet, said second inlet/outlet, and said third inlet/outlet to another hole. from said first inlet/outlet, said second inlet/outlet, and said third inlet/outlet.

In one aspect, the device comprises filter elements that are at least partially housed within said filter chamber or associated with said device housing and are operatively placed between said first inlet/outlet, said second inlet/outlet, and said third inlet/outlet. for filtering the fluid passing through the filter chamber.

- 2 040673

In one aspect, the filter elements comprise at least one mechanical filter configured to mechanically separate solids and particles present in the fluid to be treated from the fluid itself in which the solids are suspended, said mechanical filter being located within said filter chamber and designed to divide, preferably in the longitudinal direction, the filter chamber into a first sub-chamber, a second sub-chamber and a third sub-chamber.

In one aspect, the first subchamber is in fluid communication without passing through a mechanical filter (only) with the first inlet/outlet (and not with the second and/or third inlet/outlet).

In one aspect, the second subchamber is in fluid communication, without passing through a mechanical filter, (only) with the second inlet/outlet (and not with the first and/or third inlet/outlet).

In one aspect, the third subchamber is in fluid communication, without passing through a mechanical filter, (only) with the third inlet/outlet (and not with the first and/or second inlet/outlet).

In one aspect, the device is configured such that fluid moving in the filter chamber, in each of said plurality of operating configurations, passes at least partially through (mandatory) said mechanical filter to pass between said first sub-chamber, said second sub-chamber and said third subchamber.

In one aspect, the device is configured to be associated with or mounted along the supply line, or in series in the supply line, with the movement of the fluid to the plumbing and heating system device to control the filtering of this fluid circulating in the system in a position upstream flow from this equipment.

In one aspect, the passage between the first subchamber and the second subchamber, between the second subchamber and the third subchamber, and between the first subchamber and the third subchamber necessarily takes place through a mechanical filter.

In one aspect, the first subchamber, the second subchamber, and the third subchamber communicate with each other through a mechanical filter.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter is at least partially structured with a plurality of passages having a predetermined filter section such that the passage of fluid through the mechanical filter determines retention on one side of the mechanical filter, which supplies fluid passing through the mechanical filter, substances and particles present in the fluid and having a larger size than the specified filter section.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter is in the form of a pre-shaped thin layer or membrane and has a longitudinal extension between the top end and the bottom end.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter has a predetermined cross section orthogonal to its longitudinal extent, preferably substantially constant.

In one aspect, the connection of the first subchamber, the second subchamber, and the third subchamber as a whole defines the entire filter chamber.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter is substantially Y-shaped, configured to divide the filter chamber into said first sub-chamber, second sub-chamber, and third sub-chamber.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter comprises a first wall located between the first inlet/outlet and the second inlet/outlet and separating them;

a second wall located between the second inlet/outlet and the third inlet/outlet and separating them;

a third wall located between the first inlet/outlet and the third inlet/outlet and separating them.

In one aspect, the first subchamber is formed between the first wall and the third wall, the second subchamber is formed between the first wall and the second wall, and the third subchamber is formed between the second wall and the third wall.

In one aspect, each of said first wall, second wall, and third wall has, in at least one respective portion, a structure provided with said plurality of passages having a predetermined filter section such that the passage of fluid through the wall defines containment on one side of the wall from which passes the fluid passing through the mechanical filter, substances and particles present in the fluid and having a larger size than the specified filter section.

In one aspect, each of said first wall, second wall, and third wall is configured to mechanically filter fluid flow from both sides thereof in accordance with the direction from which the fluid to be filtered is coming.

In one aspect, said first wall, said second wall, and said third wall together

- 3 040673 make up the entire mechanical filter.

In one aspect, said first wall, said second wall, and said third wall are connected to each other to form said mechanical filter as a single piece.

In one aspect, said mechanical filter is a monobloc.

In one aspect, said first wall, said second wall, and said third wall extend vertically within the filter chamber.

In one aspect, said first wall, said second wall, and said third wall are each in the form of a flat or curved thin layer.

In one aspect, each of said first wall, second wall, and third wall constitutes a filter septum.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter has a Y-shaped cross section that is preferably orthogonal to said longitudinal extent of the mechanical filter itself.

In one aspect, said first wall, said second wall, and said third wall are connected in a mechanical filter to a connecting line, preferably vertical, that is common to the three walls.

In one aspect, said connecting line corresponds in cross section to the center of said Y-shaped sectional shape of the mechanical filter.

In one aspect, on said connecting line, the three sub-chambers of the filter chamber converge without being in fluid communication except through a mechanical filter.

In one aspect, the first subchamber, the second subchamber, and the third subchamber have a section that is orthogonal to said substantially constant longitudinal extent of the mechanical filter.

In one aspect, said mechanical filter is configured to operate in a single use position that is supported for each of said plurality of operating configurations accepted by the device in which fluid is prevented from directly passing from the first port to the second port or from the first port to the third port without passing through at least part of the mechanical filter itself;

direct passage of the fluid from the second hole to the first hole or from the third hole to the first hole is prevented without passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself;

direct passage of the fluid from the third hole to the first hole or from the third hole to the second hole is prevented without passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter does not need to be moved when the operating configuration adopted by the device changes.

In one aspect, said mechanical filter is configured to operate in a single use position that is supported for each of said plurality of operating configurations accepted by the device, in which the passage of fluid from the first orifice to the second orifice or from the first orifice to the third orifice is accomplished by passing, at least through a portion of the mechanical filter itself;

the passage of the fluid from the second hole to the first hole or from the second hole to the third hole is carried out by passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself;

the passage of the fluid from the third hole to the first hole or from the third hole to the second hole is carried out by passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself.

In one aspect, said plurality of operating configurations comprises at least a first operating configuration, wherein said first orifice receives fluid flow entering the device, said second orifice sends filtered fluid flow leaving the device, and said third orifice is blocked by said closing element;

a second operating configuration, in which said first opening receives a fluid flow entering the device, said third opening sends a filtered fluid flow exiting the device, and said second opening is blocked by said closing element;

a third operating configuration in which said second opening receives a fluid flow entering the device, said first opening sends a filtered fluid flow exiting the device, and said third opening is blocked by said closing element;

a fourth operating configuration, in which said second opening receives a fluid flow entering the device, said third opening sends a filtered fluid flow

- 4 040673 environment exiting the device, and the specified first hole is blocked by the specified closing element;

a fifth operating configuration, wherein said third opening receives a fluid flow entering the device, said first opening sends a filtered fluid flow exiting the device, and said second opening is blocked by said closing member;

a sixth operating configuration, wherein said third opening receives a fluid flow entering the device, said second opening sends a filtered fluid flow exiting the device, and said first opening is blocked by said closing element.

In one aspect, the device comprises said closure configured to selectively close one of said first inlet/outlet, second inlet/outlet, and third inlet/outlet.

In one aspect, each operating configuration necessarily has a passage of fluid through at least one part of the mechanical filter.

In one aspect, the filter chamber is bounded laterally by a side surface, above by a top surface, and below by a bottom surface of the device housing.

In one aspect, the filter elements comprise at least one magnetic filter associated with the body of the device and configured to collect substances and particles of iron (or having ferromagnetic properties) that are present in the fluid to be treated in order to separate particles from the fluid passing through the device. , and keep the particles inside the filter chamber.

In its independent aspect, the present invention relates to a heating system comprising an apparatus according to one or more of the above aspects.

In one independent aspect, the present invention relates to a method for filtering fluid circulating in a plumbing and heating system, comprising the following steps:

placing at least one fluid filtering device;

identifying a line coming from the plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from the heating element system, moving the flow of water to be filtered;

identifying a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system, and this line moves to the boiler a flow of filtered water;

control the operation of the device selectively in one of the specified operating configurations.

First working configuration containing the following steps:

hydraulically connecting the first inlet/outlet to a line from the plumbing and heating system, in particular to a hot water return line from the heating element system, to receive the water flow to be filtered;

hydraulic connection of the second inlet / outlet with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send the flow of water there after filtering;

closing the third inlet/outlet by means of a closing element;

introducing the flow of fluid entering the first opening into the first sub-chamber so that it necessarily passes through at least the first wall of the mechanical filter being mechanically filtered, retaining the separated material within the first sub-chamber, and flowing into the second sub-chamber; preferably, part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the third wall while retaining the separated material inside the first subchamber, continue inside the third subchamber and from the latter, passing through the second wall (third inlet/outlet closed), flow into the second subchamber, and the fluid flow, entering the first subchamber, completely completes the filtering in the specified second subchamber;

it is preferable to subject the fluid to magnetic filtration with at least one first magnetic filter in one or more of said sub-chambers;

allowing fluid to exit from the second inlet/outlet while the third inlet/outlet is blocked.

The second working configuration containing the following steps:

hydraulically connecting the first inlet/outlet to a line from the plumbing and heating system, in particular to a hot water return line from the heating element system, to receive the water flow to be filtered;

overlapping the second inlet/outlet by means of a closing element;

hydraulic connection of the third inlet / outlet with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system so as to send the flow of water there after filtering;

introduction of the fluid flow entering the first opening into the first sub-chamber so that it necessarily passes through at least the third wall of the mechanical filter, being subjected to mechanical filtration, retaining the separated material inside the first sub-chamber, and flowing into

- 5 040673 third subchamber; part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the first wall while retaining the separated material inside the first sub-chamber, continue inside the second sub-chamber and from the latter, passing through the second wall (the second inlet/outlet is blocked), flow into the third sub-chamber, and the fluid flow entering to the first sub-chamber, completely completes the filtering in said third sub-chamber;

it is preferable to subject the fluid to magnetic filtration with at least one first magnetic filter in one or more of said sub-chambers;

allowing fluid to exit through the third inlet/outlet while the second inlet/outlet is blocked.

Third working configuration containing the following steps:

hydraulically connecting the second inlet/outlet to a line from the plumbing and heating system, in particular to a hot water return line from the heating element system, to receive the water flow to be filtered;

closing the third inlet/outlet by means of a closing element;

hydraulic connection of the first outlet/outlet with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system, in order to send the flow of water there after filtering;

introducing the fluid flow entering the second opening into the second sub-chamber so that it necessarily passes through at least the first wall of the mechanical filter, undergoing mechanical filtration, retaining the separated material inside the second sub-chamber, and flowing into the first sub-chamber; part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the second wall while retaining the separated material inside the first sub-chamber, continue inside the second sub-chamber and from the latter, passing through the third wall (the third inlet/outlet is blocked), flow into the first sub-chamber, and the fluid flow entering to the first sub-chamber, completely completes the filtering in said first sub-chamber;

it is preferable to subject the fluid to magnetic filtration with at least one first magnetic filter in one or more of said sub-chambers;

ensuring the exit of the fluid from the first inlet/outlet, while the third inlet/outlet is blocked.

Fourth working configuration containing the following steps:

hydraulically connecting the second inlet/outlet to a line from the plumbing and heating system, in particular to a hot water return line from the heating element system, to receive the water flow to be filtered;

overlapping the first inlet/outlet by means of a closing element;

hydraulic connection of the third inlet / outlet with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system so as to send the flow of water there after filtering;

introducing the fluid flow entering the first opening into the first sub-chamber so that it necessarily passes through at least the second wall of the mechanical filter, undergoing mechanical filtration, retaining the separated material inside the second sub-chamber, and flowing into the third sub-chamber; part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the first wall while retaining the separated material inside the second sub-chamber, continue inside the first sub-chamber and from the latter, passing through the third wall (the first inlet/outlet is blocked), flow into the third sub-chamber, and the fluid flow entering to the first sub-chamber, completely completes the filtering in said third sub-chamber;

it is preferable to subject the fluid to magnetic filtration with at least one first magnetic filter in one or more of said sub-chambers;

allowing the fluid medium to exit from the third inlet/outlet, while the first inlet/outlet is blocked.

Fifth working configuration containing the following steps:

hydraulically connecting the third inlet/outlet to a line from the plumbing and heating system, in particular to a hot water return line from the heating element system, to receive a water flow to be filtered;

overlapping the second inlet/outlet by means of a closing element;

hydraulic connection of the first outlet/outlet with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system, in order to send the flow of water there after filtering;

introducing the fluid flow entering the third opening into the third sub-chamber so that it necessarily passes through at least the third wall of the mechanical filter, undergoing mechanical filtration, retaining the separated material inside the third sub-chamber, and flowing into the first sub-chamber; part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the second wall while retaining the separated material inside the third sub-chamber, continue inside the second sub-chamber and from the latter, passing through the first wall (second inlet/outlet closed), flow into the first sub-chamber, and the fluid flow entering to the first sub-chamber, completely completes the filtering in said first sub-chamber;

- 6 040673 preferably to subject the fluid to magnetic filtration at least one first magnetic filter in one or more of these sub-chambers;

ensuring the exit of the fluid from the first inlet/outlet, while the second inlet/outlet is blocked.

Sixth working configuration containing the following steps:

hydraulically connecting the third inlet/outlet to a line from the plumbing and heating system, in particular to a hot water return line from the heating element system, to receive a water flow to be filtered;

overlapping the first inlet/outlet by means of a closing element;

hydraulic connection of the second inlet / outlet with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send the flow of water there after filtering;

introducing the fluid flow entering the third opening into the third sub-chamber so that it necessarily passes through at least the second wall of the mechanical filter, undergoing mechanical filtration, retaining the separated material inside the third sub-chamber, and flowing into the second sub-chamber; part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the third wall while retaining the separated material inside the third sub-chamber, continue inside the first sub-chamber and from the latter, passing through the first wall (the first inlet/outlet is blocked), flow into the second sub-chamber, and the fluid flow entering to the first sub-chamber, completely completes the filtering in said second sub-chamber;

it is preferable to subject the fluid to magnetic filtration with at least one first magnetic filter in one or more of said sub-chambers;

allowing the fluid medium to exit from the second inlet/outlet, while the first inlet/outlet is blocked.

Each of the above aspects of the invention may be taken alone or in combination with any of the claims or other aspects described.

Additional features and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of some exemplary, but not exclusive, embodiments, including the preferred embodiment, of an apparatus and method for filtering fluid circulating in a plumbing and heating system according to the present invention. This description will be set forth below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided solely for illustrative and therefore non-limiting purposes, and in the drawings:

fig. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a possible embodiment of a fluid filtration device according to the present invention;

fig. 2 illustrates a front view of the device of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 illustrates a plan view of the device of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the device of FIG. 1;

fig. 4A illustrates a sectional view along the IVA-IVA plane and an exploded view in the longitudinal direction with some parts removed from the device of FIG. 1;

fig. 5 illustrates the device of FIG. 1 in a section along the plane IVA-IVA in the assembled state;

fig. 6 illustrates the device of FIG. 1 in a section along the transverse plane VI-VI in the assembled state;

fig. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a possible embodiment of a fluid filtration device according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the device of FIG. 7;

fig. 8A illustrates a sectional view along the plane VTIIA-VIIIA and an exploded view in the longitudinal direction with some parts removed from the device of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 illustrates the device of FIG. 7 in a section along the plane VIIIA-VIIIA in the assembled state;

fig. 9A illustrates the device of FIG. 7 in a section along the transverse plane IXA-IXA in the assembled state;

fig. 10 illustrates a perspective view of a possible embodiment of a fluid filtration device according to the present invention;

fig. 11 is an exploded perspective view of the device of FIG. 10;

fig. 11A illustrates a sectional view along plane XII-XII and an exploded view in the longitudinal direction with some parts removed from the device of FIG. 10;

fig. 12 illustrates the device of FIG. 10 in a section along the plane XII-XII in the assembled state;

fig. 13 illustrates the device of FIG. 10 in section along a central longitudinal plane orthogonal to the sectional plane of FIG. 12;

fig. 14 and 14A illustrate, respectively, a central longitudinal sectional view and a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 7 in the first working configuration;

fig. 15 and 15A illustrate, respectively, a central longitudinal sectional view and a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 7 in the second working configuration;

- 7 040673 fig. 16 and 16A illustrate, respectively, a central longitudinal sectional view and a cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 7 in the third working configuration;

fig. 17 and 17A illustrate, respectively, a central longitudinal sectional view and a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 7 in the fourth working configuration;

fig. 18 and 18A illustrate, respectively, a central longitudinal section and a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 7 in the fifth working configuration;

fig. 19 and 19A illustrate, respectively, a central longitudinal sectional view and a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 7 in the sixth working configuration.

In the drawings, the fluid filtration device according to the present invention is indicated in its entirety by reference number 1. Typically, the same reference number is used for the same or similar elements, possibly in embodiments.

The device 1 is intended for filtering the fluid medium, usually water, circulating inside the plumbing and heating system, usually consisting of pipelines and lines, valves, a boiler or electric generator, pumps, radiating elements (radiating bodies, radiators, floor coils, etc.), utility equipment, etc.

In the drawings, the system for which the device is intended is not shown or disclosed in detail, since it is known per se in the technical field of the present invention.

The device 1 primarily includes a housing 2 forming inside it a filter chamber 3 through which the fluid to be filtered passes. The housing 2 is provided with a first inlet/outlet 10, a second inlet/outlet 20, and a third inlet/outlet 30: each of these places the filter chamber 3 in communication with the outside of the apparatus and is configured to communicate with the system line to receive from it or to send to it a fluid entering or exiting said device body.

The device 1 is configured to pass fluid through the filter chamber 3 from one opening among said first inlet/outlet 10, second inlet/outlet 20 and third inlet/outlet 30 to another hole among said first inlet/outlet 10, second an inlet/outlet 20 and a third inlet/outlet 30. The two holes (among the aforementioned three holes 10, 20 and 30) between which fluid flows can be selected as desired in accordance with a variety of operating configurations, as described in more detail. below.

The device 1 comprises filter elements 40 which are at least partially located within the filter chamber 3 or associated with the body 2 of the device and are operatively located between the three inlet/outlet openings 10, 20 and 30 to filter the fluid passing through the filter chamber 3 .

The filter elements comprise at least one mechanical filter 41 configured to mechanically separate the solids and particles present in the fluid to be treated itself from the fluid in which the solids are suspended.

This mechanical filter 41 is located inside the filter chamber 3 and has a suitable structure to divide the mechanical filter 41, preferably in the longitudinal direction, into a first sub-chamber A, a second sub-chamber B and a third sub-chamber C, the first sub-chamber A being in fluid communication, without passing through mechanical filter 41, only with the first inlet/outlet 10, and not with the second 20 and the third inlet/outlet 30;

the second subchamber B is in fluid communication, without passing through the mechanical filter 41, only with the second inlet/outlet 20 and not with the first 10 and third 30 inlet/outlet;

the third sub-chamber C is in fluid communication, without passing through a mechanical filter, only with the third inlet/outlet 30 and not with the first 10 and second 20 inlet/outlet.

Thus, the fluid passing in the filter chamber 3, in each of the aforementioned plurality of operating configurations, necessarily passes at least partially through the mechanical filter 41 in order to pass between the first sub-chamber A, the second sub-chamber B and the third sub-chamber C, i.e. e. pass between one subchamber and another.

The device preferably comprises a closure element 4 configured to selectively close one opening among said first inlet/outlet 10, second inlet/outlet 20, and third inlet/outlet 30.

According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of operating configurations include a first operating configuration in which the first opening 10 receives fluid flow entering the device, the second opening 20 sends filtered fluid flow leaving the device, and the third opening is covered by a closure member 4;

a second operating configuration in which the first opening 10 receives fluid flow,

- 8 040673 entering the device, the third hole 30 sends a flow of filtered fluid leaving the device, and the second hole 20 is blocked by a closing element 4;

a third operating configuration in which the second opening 20 receives a fluid flow entering the device, the first opening 10 sends a filtered fluid flow exiting the device, and the third opening 30 is covered by a closure member 4;

a fourth operating configuration in which said second opening 20 receives a fluid flow entering the device, a third opening (30) sends a filtered fluid flow leaving the device, and the first opening 10 is blocked by said closing member 4;

a fifth operating configuration in which the third opening 30 receives a fluid flow entering the device, the first opening 10 sends a filtered fluid flow exiting the device, and the second opening 20 is covered by a cover 4;

the sixth operating configuration, in which the third hole 30 receives the fluid flow entering the device, the second hole 20 sends the filtered fluid flow out of the device, and the first hole 10 is blocked by the specified closing element 4.

The closure element 4 is preferably a cap which can be removably connected to the openings.

Obviously, in each of the operating configurations, one of the three holes acts as an inlet, the other of the three holes acts as an outlet, and the remaining hole is closed and preferably not used.

Operating configurations are shown in Fig. 14-19 and 14A-19A and will be discussed in more detail later in the description.

It should be noted that in each of the six configurations above, no matter which orifice receives the flow of fluid entering the device, no matter which orifice directs the flow of filtered fluid leaving the device, and no matter which the hole is blocked, the mechanical filter 41 is always positioned in the same way and works correctly without the need to change position or configuration.

As shown by way of example in the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, preferably the passage between the first sub-chamber A and the second sub-chamber B, between the second sub-chamber B and the third sub-chamber C, and between the first sub-chamber A and the third sub-chamber C necessarily pass through the mechanical filter 41. In other words , the first sub-chamber A, the second sub-chamber B and the third sub-chamber C communicate with each other preferably only through the mechanical filter 41.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter 41 has, at least in part, a structure provided with a plurality of passages 42 having a predetermined filter section, such that the passage of fluid through the mechanical filter determines retention on one side of the mechanical filter, from which enters the fluid passing through through a mechanical filter, substances and particles present in the fluid and having a larger size than the specified filter section.

Preferably, passages 42 are openings or openings through two opposite sides of the filter. The passages are preferably distributed preferably evenly throughout the mechanical filter structure.

Preferably, the mechanical filter design has a mesh (or grid, or mesh, or fabric) or a plurality of pinholes.

It should be noted that the openings 42 shown in the drawings are illustrative only; these openings may be of different sizes and/or shapes, depending on various applications and the desired filter section.

Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 is in the form of a pre-shaped thin layer or membrane and has a longitudinal extension between the upper end 46 and the lower end 47 (with reference to the orientation shown in the drawings).

Reference is now made, in particular, only to the mechanical filter 41, as illustrated in the drawings relating to the various exemplary embodiments.

Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 has a predetermined cross section orthogonal to its longitudinal extent. This cross section is preferably substantially constant along the length of the filter.

In one aspect, the mechanical filter 41 is substantially Y-shaped, configured to divide the filter chamber 3 into said first sub-chamber A, second sub-chamber B, and third sub-chamber C.

Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 comprises a first wall P1 located between the first inlet/outlet 10 and the second inlet/outlet 20 and separating them;

a second wall P2 located between the second inlet/outlet 20 and the third inlet/outlet 30 and separating them;

a third wall P3 located between the first inlet/outlet 10 and the third

- 9 040673 inlet/outlet hole 30 and separating them.

In one aspect, the first sub-chamber A is formed between the first wall P1 and the third wall P3, the second sub-chamber B is formed between the first wall P1 and the second wall P2, and the third sub-chamber C is formed between the second wall P2 and the third wall P3.

In one aspect, each of said first wall P1, second wall P2, and third wall P3 has, in at least one respective portion, a structure provided with said plurality of passageways 42 having a predetermined filter section such that the passage of fluid through the wall determines retention on one side wall, from which passes the fluid passing through the mechanical filter, substances and particles present in the fluid and having a larger size than the specified filter section.

In one aspect, each of said first wall P1, second wall P2, and third wall P3 is configured to mechanically filter fluid flow from both sides thereof according to the direction from which the fluid to be filtered is coming.

Preferably, the first wall P1, the second wall P2 and the third wall P3 as a whole constitute the entire mechanical filter 41. Preferably, the first wall P1, the second wall P2 and the third wall P3 are connected to each other so as to form the mechanical filter 41 in one piece. Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 is a monobloc.

Preferably the first wall P1, the second wall P2 and the third wall P3 extend vertically inside the filter chamber 3.

Preferably the first wall P1, the second wall P2 and the third wall P3 each have the shape of a flat or curved thin layer.

Preferably, a first wall P1, a second wall P2 and a third wall P3 constitute each filter wall.

Preferably, as shown by way of example in the drawings, the mechanical filter 41 has the aforementioned Y-shape in cross section, which is preferably orthogonal to the longitudinal extent of the mechanical filter 41 itself.

Preferably the first wall P1, the second wall P2 and the third wall P3 are connected in a mechanical filter on a connecting line 43, preferably vertical, which is common to the three walls.

The connecting line 43 preferably corresponds in cross section to the center of the Y-shaped section of the mechanical filter 41.

Preferably, in the connecting line 43, the three sub-chambers A, B and C of the filter chamber 3 converge without entering into fluid communication, except through a mechanical filter.

In one aspect, the connection of the first sub-chamber A, the second sub-chamber B and the third sub-chamber C generally defines the entire filter chamber 3.

Preferably, the first sub-chamber A, the second sub-chamber B and the third sub-chamber C have a section orthogonal to the longitudinal extent of the substantially constant mechanical filter 41.

Essentially, the mechanical filter 41 according to the present invention has a three-blade design with three sides, preferably thin or multi-layer, consisting of third walls. The presence of third walls allows the filter chamber to be divided into three sub-chambers, one for each inlet/outlet. By selecting suitable openings that act as inlet and outlet for the fluid from the device, it is always possible - thanks to the mechanical filter shaped and configured according to the present invention - to obtain efficient fluid filtration without changing or moving any element within the device.

Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 is designed such that the fluid in the first sub-chamber A can pass into the second sub-chamber B through the first wall P1 and into the third sub-chamber C through the third wall P3;

the fluid in the second sub-chamber B can pass into the first sub-chamber A by passing through the first wall P1 (from the side opposite this wall with respect to the passage from the first to the second sub-chamber) and into the third sub-chamber C by passing through the second wall P2;

the fluid in the third sub-chamber C can pass into the first sub-chamber A by passing through the third wall P3 (from the side opposite this wall with respect to the passage from the first to the third sub-chamber) and into the second sub-chamber B by passing through the second wall P2 (from the side opposite to this wall, in relation to the passage from the second subchamber to the third).

If the fluid moves from the first side of the wall to the second side of the wall, substances and particles present in the fluid that are larger than said filter section are retained on the first side. Conversely, if the fluid moves from the second side of the wall to the first side of the wall, substances and particles present in the fluid that are larger than said filter section are retained on the second side.

The mechanical filter is preferably configured to form three sub-chambers A, B and C, each sub-chamber directly adjacent to two other sub-chambers and each pair of sub-chambers separated by one of said mechanical filter walls.

- 10 040673

Preferably, the first sub-chamber A and the second sub-chamber B are separated from the first wall P1, the second sub-chamber B and the third sub-chamber C are separated from the second wall P2, and the third sub-chamber C and the first sub-chamber A are separated from the third wall P3.

Preferably, said mechanical filter 41 is configured to operate in a single use position that is supported for each of said plurality of operating configurations accepted by the device in which direct passage of fluid from the first orifice 10 to the second orifice 20 or from the first orifice 10 to the third orifice is prevented. 30 without passing through at least part of the mechanical filter itself;

direct passage of the fluid from the second hole 20 to the first hole 10 or from the second hole 20 to the third hole 30 is prevented without passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself;

direct passage of the fluid from the third hole 30 to the first hole 10 or from the third hole 30 to the second hole 20 is prevented without passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself;

In use, the mechanical filter 41 does not need to be moved when the operating configuration adopted by the apparatus 1 is changed.

In other words, said mechanical filter 41 is configured to operate in a single use position that is supported for each of said plurality of operating configurations accepted by the device in which fluid flow from the first orifice 10 to the second orifice or from the first orifice 10 to the third orifice 30 carried out by passing through at least part of the mechanical filter 41 itself;

the passage of the fluid from the second hole 20 to the first hole 10 or from the second hole 20 to the third hole 30 is carried out by passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter 41 itself;

the passage of the fluid from the third hole 30 to the first hole 10 or from the third hole 30 to the second hole 20 is carried out by passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter 41 itself.

In the drawings illustrating the mechanical filter 41, the upper end 46 of the mechanical filter 41 points upward along its longitudinal extent, while the lower end 47 points downward.

Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 is made from one piece. Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 is made of plastic or metal, such as stainless steel.

According to the embodiments shown by way of example in the drawings, the device body 2 has a substantially cylindrical shape and has a longitudinal axis 2A, a top surface 5, an outer side surface 6 and a bottom surface 7.

Preferably, the housing has a rigid form of rotation about the axis of the longitudinal extent 2A and radial symmetry about the axis of the longitudinal extent 2A.

Preferably, the first inlet/outlet 10 and the third inlet/outlet 30 are located on the outer side surface 6 of the body 2 of the device and on the sides opposite the filter chamber 3.

Preferably, the second inlet/outlet 20 is located on the top surface 5 of the body 2 of the device.

Preferably, the first inlet/outlet 10, the second inlet/outlet 20, and the third inlet/outlet 30 are preferably circular in cross-section and each has a respective central axis (the central axes of the holes are indicated in the drawings as 10A, 20A and 30A, respectively).

Preferably, the central axis 20A of the second inlet/outlet 20 preferably coincides with the axis of the longitudinal extent 2A of the body 2 of the device.

Preferably, the axis of the longitudinal extension 2A of the device body 2 coincides with the longitudinal extension of the mechanical filter 41.

Preferably, the respective central axes 10A and 30A of the first opening 10 and the third inlet/outlet 30 intersect the longitudinal axis 2A of the device body 2.

Preferably, the respective central axes 10A and 30A of the first inlet/outlet 10 and the third inlet/outlet 30 are preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal extension 2A of the device body 2.

In one possible embodiment (not shown), the respective central axes 10A and 30A of the first inlet 10 and the third inlet/outlet 30 may coincide with each other.

Preferably, the device body has a central symmetry plane IVA-IVA on which lies an axis of longitudinal extent 2A, this central symmetry plane dividing the device body 2 into two identical halves. The plane IVA-IVA is indicated in FIG. 3, and the sections in FIG. 4A, 5, 8A, 9, 11A, 12 and 14-19 are made relative to it.

The body of the device is essentially symmetrical also with respect to the median plane

2B, on which lies the axis of longitudinal extent 2A and which is orthogonal to the central plane of symmetry IVA-IVA.

Preferably, all three respective central axes 10A, 20A and 30A of the first opening 10, the second opening 20 and the third opening 30 lie in the plane of symmetry IVA-IVA of the device body 2.

According to a further definition, according to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the mechanical filter 41 has a tuning fork section, that is, a Y-shaped section with two curved walls; this shape is particularly effective as it allows the second inlet/outlet 20 to be encircled from above, forming a second sub-chamber B around the second hole 20 when the second hole is positioned above the body of the device.

If all three inlet/outlet openings 10, 20 and 30 are located on the side surface 6 of the housing 2, the mechanical filter 41 may take a substantially three-pointed star shape in sectional view.

It should be noted that depending on the shape of the body 2 of the device and the location of the inlet/outlet holes, the walls forming the mechanical filter 41 may be straight or have a different shape.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, the first wall P1 and the second wall P2 are identical to each other and are mirrored with respect to the longitudinal axial plane (through which axis 2A passes); the third wall P3 lies on this plane.

In summary, the walls of a mechanical filter can be configured and structured in many different ways, provided that from a functional point of view they divide the filter chamber into three sub-chambers without fluid exchange except through the walls to guarantee filtration in each functional configuration. .

As a consequence, the fluid cannot pass from one of the three inlet/outlet ports to the other without first passing through at least one wall of the mechanical filter and thus without adequate filtration.

Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 is divided symmetrically into two halves by a single plane (corresponding to the median plane 2B in FIG. 3) on which lies the longitudinal axis 2A of the body 2.

Preferably, the filter chamber 3 is delimited laterally by a side surface 3A, above by a top surface 3B, and below by a bottom surface 3C of the device body 2.

Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 is arranged longitudinally between the lower surface 3C and the upper surface 3B of the filter chamber of the device body 2.

Preferably, the filter chamber 3 has a predominant longitudinal extension from the lower surface 3C to the upper surface 3B, and the mechanical filter 41 divides the filter chamber 3 into the aforementioned first sub-chamber A, the second sub-chamber B and the third sub-chamber C, so that each sub-chamber also extends in the longitudinal direction from one corresponding part of the lower surface to one corresponding part of the upper surface.

Preferably the first sub-chamber A, the second sub-chamber B and the third sub-chamber C are laterally adjacent and located next to each other, preferably radially next to each other, and each constitutes a longitudinal sector of the filter chamber 3.

Preferably, the mechanical filter 41 has a predominant dimension, which is the height of the mechanical filter 41, in a direction coinciding with the axis of the longitudinal extension 2A of the housing.

Preferably, the aforementioned height of the mechanical filter 41 substantially corresponds to the distance between the upper surface 3B and the lower surface 3C of the filter chamber 3, so that the mechanical filter is in contact above and below these surfaces of the filter chamber 3.

Preferably, the Y-shape of the mechanical filter in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 2A of the housing 2 has an overall dimension corresponding to the radial dimension (preferably the diameter) of the filter chamber 3, so that the mechanical filter is in contact with the side surface 3A of the filter chamber 3.

Preferably, the first wall P1, the second wall P2 and the third wall P3 of the mechanical filter 41 end laterally in contact with the side surface 3A of the filter chamber 3.

Preferably, the first wall P1, the second wall P2 and the third wall P3 end on the side opposite the connection line 43 with respective end edges B1, B2 and B3, in contact with the side surface 3A of the filter chamber 3, such that the end edge B1 of the first wall P1 is mounted in contact with a first line (or segment) of a side surface 3A located between the first inlet/outlet 10 and the second inlet/outlet 20 and separating the first sub-chamber A from the second sub-chamber B;

- 12 040673 the corresponding end edge B2 of the second wall P2 is installed in contact with the second line (or segment) of the side surface 3A located between the second inlet/outlet 20 and the third inlet/outlet 30 and separating the second sub-chamber B from the third sub-chamber C;

the corresponding end edge B3 of the third wall P3 is placed in contact with the third side surface line 3A located between the third inlet/outlet 30 and the first inlet/outlet 10 and separating the third sub-chamber C from the first sub-chamber A.

Preferably, the mechanical filter at said end edges B1, B2 and B3 is in contact and/or fluid-tight with the side surface 3A (in particular with the aforementioned side surface lines 3A), with the upper surface 3B and/or with the lower surface 3C.

According to one possible embodiment, shown as an example in FIG. 79A, the body of the apparatus may be provided with a separating structure 21 extending inside the filter chamber 3 from the upper surface 3B to the upper end 46 of the mechanical filter 41.

The dividing structure 21 preferably extends longitudinally continuously with respect to the mechanical filter 41 and is combined with the latter to divide the filter chamber 3 longitudinally into said first sub-chamber A, second sub-chamber B and third sub-chamber C.

The separating structure 21 preferably has the same shape in a section orthogonal to the axis of the longitudinal extension 2A as the mechanical filter 41, and in particular has the same Y-shaped shape.

Preferably, the separating structure 21 extends, starting from the top surface, inside the filter chamber 3 in a direction substantially coinciding with the axis of the longitudinal extension 2A of the device body, and essentially at least up to a level Q, coinciding with the dimensions of the first inlet/outlet 10 on the outer side surface 6 of the body 2 of the device and/or with the dimensions of the third inlet/outlet 30 on the outer side surface 6 of the body 2 of the device (see, for example, Fig. 9). According to this embodiment, the mechanical filter 41 is disposed longitudinally between the bottom surface 3C of the device body 2 and the separating structure 21.

Preferably, the spacer structure 21 is rigidly attached to the top surface and/or is integral with the body 2 of the device.

The mechanical filter 41 is preferably located in the filter chamber 3 under the separating structure 21 so that it is below the three inlet/outlet holes 10, 20 and 30 along the longitudinal axis 2A of the device body 2 in the direction away from the second inlet/outlet hole 20.

The first inlet/outlet 10, the second inlet/outlet 20 and the third inlet/outlet 30 are preferably the same shape and size; more preferably they are identical to each other.

Preferably, the closure element 4 can be selectively combined with any of the three inlet/outlet openings 10, 20 and 30 to determine its closure. Preferably, the first inlet/outlet 10, the second inlet/outlet 20 and the third inlet/outlet 30 have respective connection means configured to fluidly connect the orifice to external water pipes, fittings or valves. Preferably, the connection means are also configured to receive the closing element 4. Preferably, these connection means comprise threads or clamping devices or similar mechanisms. Preferably, the connecting means of the first inlet/outlet 10, the second inlet/outlet 20 and the third inlet/outlet 30 are preferably structurally identical to each other. For example, the three inlet/outlet ports 10, 20 and 30 are standard sizes for the hydraulic sector, such as diameter 1/4 inch, 1/2 inch, 3/4 inch, 1 inch.

In one aspect, the filter elements 40 comprise at least one magnetic filter (50 or 70) associated with the device body 2 and configured to collect substances and particles of iron (or generally ferromagnetic) that are present in the fluid to be treated to separate particles from the fluid passing through the device and keep the particles inside the filter chamber 3.

In FIG. 7-9A shows an exemplary first magnetic filter.

The device body 2 preferably comprises at least a first hollow protrusion 51 which protrudes axially from the bottom surface 3C towards the top surface 3B, said first hollow protrusion 51 forming, outside the device body, a first casing 52 which has an elongated shape corresponding to (mirror) to the first hollow ledge 51, and is accessible from the bottom surface 7; the first housing 52 accommodates the first magnetic filter 50.

Preferably, the first hollow projection 51 extends axially within the first sub-chamber A. Alternatively, the first hollow projection may project axially within said second B or third sub-chamber C.

Preferably, the magnetic filter 50 comprises at least one magnetic element 53 configured to generate a constant magnetic field and inserted into the first casing 52 of the housing 2 so as to act on the fluid passing through the filter chamber 3 and retain the substances and ferrous particles present. in a fluid medium, on the surface of the hollow protrusion 51 inside the body 2 (in particular, inside the chamber). Essentially, the first magnetic filter 50 is located inside the filter chamber 3, although it is physically located inside the first housing 52, which is accessed from outside the housing 2 without access to the filter chamber.

Preferably, the first hollow protrusion 51 extending from the bottom surface 3C is located on the side of the mechanical filter 41 and is completely contained within the first sub-chamber A (or, alternatively, the second sub-chamber B).

In this configuration, although the first magnetic filter 50 is not always completely in direct contact with the flow or is not directly flown by all the fluid circulating in the filter chamber, in all possible operating configurations, due to its position and magnetic effect, ferruginous particles are blocked on the first floor. protrusion inside the case.

In an alternate embodiment not shown, the magnetic filter may be placed directly within the filter chamber.

Preferably, the magnetic filter 50 comprises a plurality of magnetic elements 53 connected to each other to form a rod-shaped magnetic cartridge 54 axially inserted into the first casing 52 of the device body.

Preferably, the first magnetic cartridge 54 includes a first cap 55 adapted to be releasably connected with access to the first casing body on the bottom surface 7 to close said first magnetic cartridge 54 within the first casing 52 and allow it to be removed if necessary.

Preferably, the body 2 comprises a first half-body 61 and a second half-body 62 removably connected to each other, in which the assembly of the first half-body 61 with the second half-body 62 defines a filter chamber 3 within the body of the device, impervious to fluid from the outside, except for said first inlet/outlet 10, second inlet/outlet 20 and third inlet/outlet 30 (and optionally, if present, drain 91 illustrated below);

disassembly of the first half-shell 61 from the second half-shell 62 allows access to the filter chamber 3 and positioning of the mechanical filter 41, as well as cleaning or maintenance tasks.

Preferably, the first semi-body 61 comprises a first inlet/outlet 10, a second inlet/outlet 20, a third inlet/outlet 30, a top surface 3B, and a separation structure 21 (if any);

the second semi-body 62 includes a bottom surface 3C and a first hollow projection 51.

Preferably, the side surface 3A of the filter chamber 3 is partially defined by the first half-shell 61 and partially by the second half-shell 62.

Preferably, the first half-body and the second half-body are connected to each other by a threaded coupling, for example, a ring nut.

Preferably, the body 2 of the device includes a washer 63 located between the first half-shell 61 and the second half-shell 62 to seal the filter chamber 3 in the assembled state.

The six operating configurations presented above are described below with reference to FIGS. 14-19 and 14A-19A. These configurations correspond to various possible modes of operation of the device according to the present invention. As illustrated, the device 1 is configured to selectively operate in one of the operating configurations, depending on the requirements of the installation.

The first working configuration is shown in FIG. 14 and 14A; in this configuration, the first inlet/outlet 10 is intended to communicate with a line from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a system of heating elements (e.g., radiators and radiator cases) to receive the water flow to be filtered;

the second inlet/outlet 20 is intended to communicate with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send there the flow of water after filtration;

the third inlet/outlet 30 is covered by the closing element 4;

the fluid flow entering the first opening 10 flows into the first sub-chamber A and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the first wall P1 of the mechanical filter 41, being mechanically filtered, retaining the separated material within the first sub-chamber A, and flowing into second subchamber B;

- 14 040673 preferably, part of the fluid flow can pass through the third wall P3 with the retention of the separated material inside the first sub-chamber A, continue inside the third sub-chamber C and out of the third sub-chamber C, passing through the second wall P2 (the third inlet/outlet 30 is blocked) , flow into the second subchamber B; the fluid flow entering the first sub-chamber A completely completes the filtration in the second sub-chamber B;

the fluid is directed towards the second inlet/outlet 20, while the third inlet/outlet 30 is blocked;

the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50 or 70, the latter illustrated below) in one or more sub-chambers (eg, the first sub-chamber if the magnetic filter 50 is inserted into the first housing 52 defined in the sub-chamber).

The second working configuration is shown in FIG. 15 and 15A; in this configuration, the first inlet/outlet 10 is intended to communicate with a line from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a system of heating elements (e.g., radiators and radiator cases) to receive the water flow to be filtered;

the second inlet/outlet 20 is covered by a closing element 4;

the third hole 30 is intended to communicate with the line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system so as to send there the flow of water after filtering;

the fluid flow entering the first opening 10 flows into the first sub-chamber A and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the third wall P3 of the mechanical filter 41, thus being mechanically filtered to retain the separated material within the first sub-chamber) and flowing into the third subchamber B;

part of the fluid flow may preferably pass through the first wall P1 with the retention of the separated material inside the first sub-chamber A, continue inside the second sub-chamber C and from the latter, passing through the second wall P2 (the second inlet/outlet 20 is blocked) flow into the third sub-chamber B, and the fluid flow entering the first sub-chamber A completely completes the filtration in said third sub-chamber C;

fluid is supplied to the third inlet/outlet 30, while the second inlet/outlet 20 is blocked;

the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50 or 70) in one or more of said sub-chambers.

The third operating configuration is shown in FIG. 16 and 16A; in this configuration, the second inlet/outlet 20 is intended to communicate with a line from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a heating element system (e.g., radiators and radiator housings) to receive the water flow to be filtered;

the third inlet/outlet 30 is covered by the closing element 4;

the first inlet/outlet 10 is intended to communicate with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send the flow of water there after filtering;

the fluid flow entering the second opening 20 flows into the second sub-chamber B and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the first wall P1 of the mechanical filter 41, thus being mechanically filtered to retain the separated material within the second sub-chamber B, and flowing into the first sub-chamber A;

part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the second wall P2 while retaining the separated material inside the second sub-chamber B, continue inside the third sub-chamber C and from the latter, passing through the third wall P3 (the third inlet/outlet 30 is blocked), flow into the first sub-chamber A, moreover, the fluid flow entering the second sub-chamber B, completely completes the filtration in the specified first sub-chamber B;

the fluid is directed towards the first inlet/outlet 10, while the third inlet/outlet 30 is blocked;

the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50 or 70) in one or more of said sub-chambers.

The fourth working configuration is shown in FIG. 17 and 17A; in this configuration, the second inlet/outlet 20 is intended to communicate with a line from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a system of heating elements (e.g. radiators and radiator housings) to receive the water flow to be filtered ;

the first inlet/outlet 10 is covered by a closing element 4;

the third hole 30 is intended to communicate with the line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system so as to send there the flow of water after filtering;

the fluid flow entering the second opening 20 flows into the second sub-chamber B and necessarily

- 15 040673 is directed so as to pass through at least the second wall P2 of the mechanical filter

41, thus undergoing mechanical filtration to retain the separated material within the second sub-chamber B and flow into the third sub-chamber C;

part of the fluid flow may preferably pass through the first wall P1 with the retention of the separated material inside the second sub-chamber C, continue inside the second sub-chamber A and from the latter, passing through the third wall P3 (the first inlet/outlet 10 is blocked), flow into the third sub-chamber B, moreover, the fluid flow entering the second subchamber C, completely completes the filtration in the specified third subchamber B;

the fluid is directed to the third inlet/outlet 30, while the first inlet/outlet 10 is blocked;

the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50 or 70) in one or more of said sub-chambers.

The fifth operating configuration is shown in FIG. 18 and 18A; in this configuration, the third inlet/outlet 30 is intended to communicate with a line coming from the plumbing and heating system, in particular the hot water return line from the heating element system (for example, radiators and radiator housings) to receive the water flow to be filtered ;

the second inlet/outlet 20 is covered by a closing element 4;

the first inlet/outlet 10 is intended to communicate with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send the flow of water there after filtering;

the fluid flow entering the third orifice 30 flows into the third sub-chamber C and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the third wall P3 of the mechanical filter 41, thus being mechanically filtered to retain the separated material within the third sub-chamber C and flowing into the first subchamber A;

part of the fluid flow may preferably pass through the second wall P2 with the retention of the separated material inside the third sub-chamber C, continue inside the second sub-chamber B and from the latter, passing through the first wall P1 (the second inlet/outlet 20 is blocked), flow into the first sub-chamber A, moreover, the fluid flow entering the third subchamber C, completely completes the filtration in the specified first subchamber A;

the fluid is directed to the first inlet/outlet 10, while the second inlet/outlet 20 is blocked;

the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50 or 70) in one or more of said sub-chambers.

The sixth working configuration is shown in FIG. 19 and 19A; in this configuration, the third inlet/outlet 30 is intended to communicate with a line from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a system of heating elements (for example, radiators and radiator housings) to receive the water flow to be filtered ;

the first inlet/outlet 10 is covered by a closing element 4;

the second inlet/outlet 20 is intended to communicate with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send there the flow of water after filtration;

the fluid flow entering the third orifice 30 flows into the third sub-chamber C and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the second wall of the mechanical filter 41, thus being mechanically filtered to retain the separated material within the third sub-chamber, and flowing into second subchamber B;

part of the fluid flow may preferably pass through the third wall P3 with the retention of the separated material inside the third sub-chamber C, continue inside the first sub-chamber A and from the latter, passing through the first wall P1 (the first inlet/outlet 10 is blocked), flow into the second sub-chamber B, moreover, the fluid flow entering the third sub-chamber C, completely completes the filtration in the specified second sub-chamber B;

the fluid is directed to the second inlet/outlet 20, while the first inlet/outlet 10 is blocked;

the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50 or 70) in one or more of said sub-chambers.

Preferably, in the first and second configurations, the material separated by the mechanical filter 41 is held in the first sub-chamber A;

in the third and fourth configurations, the material separated by the mechanical filter 41 is held in the second sub-chamber A;

in the fifth and sixth configurations, the material separated by the mechanical filter 41 is held in the third sub-chamber A;

Essentially, the material separated by the mechanical filter, due to the special shape of the latter,

- 16 040673 remains in the sub-chamber in which the fluid enters the device, that is, in the corresponding sub-chamber with which each inlet/outlet is associated (the first sub-chamber A for the first inlet/outlet 10, the second sub-chamber B for the second inlet/outlet 20, third subchamber C for third inlet/outlet 30).

It should be noted that in each configuration, a preferred flow is present between the fluid inlet subchamber and the fluid outlet subchamber, which, given the special shape of the subchambers and the mechanical filter, are always adjacent to and separated from one of the walls. In addition, in each configuration, there may be additional flow that flows along a longer path, passing through the sub-chamber associated with the closed inlet/outlet in this configuration, and reaches the fluid outlet sub-chamber from the latter; then the next flow sequentially passes through two other filter walls (other than the wall that directly separates the inlet and outlet subchambers and is passed through the predominant flow).

Preferably, in the first operating configuration, in the second operating configuration, in the fifth operating configuration and in the sixth operating configuration, the device is arranged vertically, that is, with the longitudinal axis 2A of the device body 2 oriented vertically;

in the third operating configuration and in the fourth operating configuration, the device is positioned horizontally, i.e. the axis of the longitudinal extent 2A of the body 2 of the device is oriented horizontally.

If the boiler is located above the appliance, it is possible to connect a gusset (90° angle) outside the hole, which acts as an outlet for climbing to the boiler.

In FIG. 14-19 and 14A-19A are marked arrows indicating the path of the fluid within the device in various configurations.

It should be noted that typically the opening that acts as the fluid inlet is horizontal as it is intended to be connected to the return line from the system, which normally exits the wall below the boiler. In all cases, in each configuration, the device can be operated horizontally or vertically. In this case, suitable connections of a known type can be used to make plumbing connections between the openings that act as the inlet and outlet of the devices and the pipes of the system to which they are to be connected.

According to the exemplary embodiment shown by way of example in FIG. 7-9A, the device body 2 may comprise a second hollow protrusion 81 which protrudes axially in the filter chamber 3 from the bottom surface 3C to the top surface 3B, said second hollow protrusion 81 defining, outside the device body 2, a second shroud 82, which has an elongated shape corresponding to the second hollow protrusion and is accessible from the bottom surface 7.

Preferably, the second hollow protrusion 81 protrudes axially within one of the sub-chambers that are not affected by the first hollow protrusion 51.

Preferably, the second hollow projection 81 extends axially inside the third sub-chamber C, while the first hollow projection 51 extends axially inside the first sub-chamber A.

Preferably, the first hollow protrusion 81 extending from the bottom surface is located on the side of the mechanical filter 41 and is completely contained within the first sub-chamber A (or, alternatively, the second sub-chamber).

The first magnetic filter 50 may preferably be selectively associated with the first hollow lip 51 or the second hollow lip 81 of the device body 2, depending on the selected operating configuration.

This can be done by removing the first cap 55 of the first magnetic filter and moving it into the desired housing 52 or 82.

Preferably, when the first magnetic filter 50 is associated with the first hollow projection 51, it magnetically filters the fluid passing in the first sub-chamber A, while when the first magnetic filter 50 is associated with the second hollow projection 81, it magnetically filters the fluid passing in third subchamber C. As such, the device may comprise two hollow protrusions and only one magnetic filter 50, which can be inserted selectively into the first housing 52 or the second housing 82. In both cases, since the operating configurations always allow the passage of fluid into the subchambers (and always passing through the mechanical filter 41), magnetic filtration is guaranteed by at least the magnetic filter 50, regardless of the casing in which it is inserted.

In one possible embodiment, the filter elements 40 may further comprise a second magnetic filter 80 associated with the device body 2 and configured to trap and retain ferromagnetic substances and particles that are present in the fluid to be filtered, to separate the particles from the fluid passing through through the device. The second magnetic filter 80 is preferably structurally identical to the first magnetic filter 50.

The second magnetic filter 80 preferably includes at least one second magnetic element 83, configured to generate a constant magnetic field, inserted into the second casing of the housing 2 so as to act on the fluid passing through the filter chamber.

3 and hold ferromagnetic substances and particles present in the fluid on the surface of the second hollow protrusion 81 inside the body of the device.

Preferably, the second magnetic element 83 is structurally identical to the first magnetic element 53.

Preferably, the second magnetic filter 80 includes a plurality of second magnetic elements 83 connected to each other to form a second rod-shaped magnetic cartridge 84 axially inserted into the second casing 82 of the device body.

Preferably, the second magnetic cartridge 84 includes a second cover 85 adapted to be releasably connected with access to the second casing 82 on the bottom surface 7 to close the said second magnetic cartridge 84 within the second casing 82 and allow it to be removed if necessary.

Preferably, the second magnetic filter 80 is designed to be placed in the second housing 82, while the first magnetic filter 50 is designed to be placed in the first housing 52.

In FIG. 1-6 and 10-13 show another possible first magnetic filter.

In this embodiment, the first magnetic filter 70 comprises a collar housing 71 configured to be removably mounted outside the device housing 2 and one or more magnetic elements 72 associated with the collar housing 71 and configured to generate a constant magnetic field to act on the fluid passing through through the filter chamber 3, and keep the ferromagnetic substances and particles present in the fluid within the filter chamber itself.

Preferably, the collar body 71 is ring-shaped and sized to enclose at least part of the outer side surface 6 of the device body 2.

Preferably, the annular shape of the collar body has a partial break along the circumferential extent of the ring, and the collar body 71 can be removably mounted outside the device body by a snapping movement of the body itself, in the presence of said partial break.

Preferably, the collar body is made of a material, such as plastic, which allows the collar body to resiliently deform during a snapping movement for assembly and disassembly from said device body.

Preferably, the collar body has one or more sockets, each of which is configured to receive, preferably in a removable manner, a respective magnetic element 72.

Preferably, the first magnetic filter comprises three magnetic elements which are housed in the collar housing and arranged circumferentially around the collar housing, preferably at equal angular intervals.

Preferably, the first magnetic filter is configured to retain substances and particles having ferromagnetic properties present in the fluid passing through the device on the side surface 3A of the filter chamber 3, in particular on the part of the side surface corresponding to the assembly position of the collar housing 71 outside the device housing.

It should be noted that the collar magnetic filter 70 can also be used in combination with the magnetic filter 50 (or also in combination with the magnetic filter 80) of the cartridge type to enhance the magnetic filtering effect. In fact, the collar magnetic filter 70 is located externally around the body of the device, while the cartridge type magnetic filters 50 or 80 are inserted into the housing 52 or 82 formed by the projections 51 or 81 inside the filter chamber.

Preferably, as shown in the drawings, in each of the illustrated embodiments, the device may include a drain cock 90 configured to allow the filter chamber to be emptied without dismantling the device from the system in which it is installed, without disconnecting the first, second, and third inlet/outlet ports. from the respective lines and without dismantling the housing of the device (in particular, the first half-shell 61 of the second half-shell 62).

The drain cock 90 is preferably located at the drain hole 91 located on the lower surface 3C of the body 2 of the device, and allows you to selectively empty the contents of the filter chamber 3 to perform cleaning or maintenance of the device.

Preferably, the drain hole 91 is located at the lower end of the drain line 92 formed on the bottom surface, enclosing the lower end 47 of the mechanical filter 41 so that it laterally communicates with the first sub-chamber A, with the second sub-chamber B and with the third sub-chamber C, but without establishing communication between them. with each other (See, in particular, Fig. 13).

Preferably, the drain line 92 comprises an inclined part of the lower surface 3C extending downward, i.e. from the upper surface, this inclined part allows the filtered material inside the filter chamber, in particular by means of a mechanical filter 41, to move towards the drain opening by gravity or decantation.

Preferably, the drain cock 90 can be operated selectively in a closed state, in which

- 18 040673 the drain hole 91 is blocked and does not allow the fluid to leave the filter chamber 3, or in an open state in which the drain hole 91 is installed in communication with the outside of the device 1.

Preferably, the drain cock 90 includes a shut-off element 93 which acts on the drain 91 to shut off the drain in said closed state or to leave the drain open in said open state. The drain cock 90 preferably includes a handle 94 or similar manual or automatic means for selecting the position of the closure 93.

Preferably, the drain cock includes a removable safety cap 95 located downstream of the closure element 93 and configured to close the drain opening even if the handle moves the closure element to the open state.

It should be noted that the drain cock is preferably configured by positioning the drain hole and the drain line to draw in all sub-chambers A, B and C in order to effectively drain the filtered material and clean all three sub-chambers. This is especially important because, as mentioned above, depending on the working configuration and the type of connection made for the first, second and third inlet, the material can be filtered from different sides of different walls P1, P2 and P3 of the mechanical filter 41 and thus , accumulate in the first sub-chamber A and/or in the second sub-chamber B and/or in the third sub-chamber C. The drain cock 90 allows the sub-chambers to be easily cleaned in each case.

In another possible alternative embodiment, shown as an example in the drawings, the first 10 and the third inlet/outlet 30 are offset from each other, that is, the respective central axes 10A and 30A of the first hole 10 and the third inlet/outlet 30 do not coincide with each other. different, but arranged in a checkerboard pattern. This means that the first inlet/outlet 10 and the third inlet/outlet 30 are located on the outer side surface 6 of the housing 2 at different heights compared to the second hole 20 along the longitudinal extent. This makes it possible to provide two different longitudinal distances or axial spaces between the first opening 10 and the second opening 20 and also between the third opening 30 and the second opening 20. In this way, it is advantageously possible to choose which opening to use as the inlet or outlet, or the first hole 10, or the third hole 30, simply by turning the entire body of the device 180°.

This can be useful based on the position of the return pipe from the system (to which the device inlet will be connected) and the return pipe of the boiler (to which the device outlet will be connected), in particular when operating in the fourth configuration. In this case, for example, on the basis of the inlet pipe leading to the boiler from the installation wall, it may be useful to select the first or third inlet as the outlet of the fluid from the device.

In general, regardless of the chosen operating configuration, the device 1 is usually supported directly by two lines of the system on which it is installed (ie, in which openings are installed that act as inputs and outputs).

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that in one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide an elongation of the first and second walls and a corresponding reduction in the length of the third wall P3, that is, the approach of the connecting line 43 to the end edge B3 on the side surface 3A of the filter chamber until the end the edge B3 and the connecting line 43 do not coincide in one segment (on the side surface 3A), which is also the third wall. In this case, essentially, the first and second walls extend from the respective end edges B1 and B2 to a single connection line located on the side surface 3A.

In this configuration of the mechanical filter, in which the Y-shape has one of the three branches of Y reduced to one line, the section becomes a V-shape, with each of the three vertices contacting a corresponding point of the side surface 3A of the filter chamber. In this case, according to the present invention, there are still three sub-chambers A, B and C, designed to accommodate the first, second and third inlet/outlet, respectively, but in order to pass from the first sub-chamber A to the third sub-chamber C and vice versa, it is necessary to pass through second subchamber B.

In possible equivalent embodiments, it is possible to increase the number of inlet/outlet openings and, accordingly, increase the number of chambers defined by the walls constituting the mechanical filter. For example, in the case of four inlet/outlet openings, four sub-chambers are formed, for example, by four walls arranged transversely. Similarly, n inlet/outlet openings and n filter subchambers can be provided.

The method of filtering the fluid circulating in the plumbing and heating system according to the present invention corresponds to the mode of operation of the device 1. In fact, in this method, the device 1 is placed preferably in accordance with the way described above;

identify the line coming from the plumbing and heating system, in particular the hot water return line from the heating element system, moving the flow of water to be

-

Claims (13)

filtration; identifying a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system, moving there the flow of water to be filtered; control the operation of the device selectively in one of the specified operating configurations. The invention described herein is susceptible to many modifications and variations, all of which fall within the scope of the invention, and said components may be replaced by technically equivalent elements. The invention has important advantages. First of all, as is clear from the above description, the invention overcomes at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art. The device according to the present invention provides effective filtration of the fluid circulating in the plumbing and heating system, and achieves it in any operating configuration. In particular, no matter which orifice acts as an inlet and which as an outlet, fluid filtration is always optimal. In fact, as detailed above and illustrated in the drawings, in each operating configuration, the entire fluid flow is effectively subjected to both mechanical and magnetic filtration, and all fluid passing through the device is completely filtered, which, on the other hand, does not occur in state of the art solutions. Thus, the device of the present invention combines versatility of use, the presence of three inlet/outlet ports, and the ability to decide which acts as a fluid inlet and which acts as an outlet, with maximum filtration efficiency for each operating configuration. This allows the device to adapt to a large number and type of different boilers or other heating system components, so that it can be installed even in very limited spaces and at the same time perform the necessary filtration operations. In summary, the device according to the present invention is capable of operating at consistently high performance regardless of the mode of installation within a plumbing and heating system. This is made possible in particular by the shape and arrangement of the magnetic filter, which allows the formation of three sub-chambers and directs the fluid so that it always passes (i.e. in each operating configuration) through the mechanical filter and the magnetic filter (or magnetic filters, if there is more than one): this always makes the filtering optimal, overcoming the problems of the prior art. The path of the fluid in the filter chamber, always from one sub-chamber to another, passing through at least one part of the mechanical filter, always makes it possible to obtain effective filtration. In fact, the mechanical filter is designed to manage all six different configurations: after selecting the inlet and outlet (and the remaining hole is closed), the device is already ready for operation, without the need to change the position of the device elements. In particular, the mechanical filter allows the device to operate in various configurations without the need to move or reposition the mechanical filter. In addition, the apparatus of the present invention is highly reliable, less prone to failure and malfunction, and can be easily and quickly installed, disassembled, cleaned and maintained. Finally, the device according to the present invention is characterized by a competitive price and a simple and rational structure. CLAIM 1. A device (1) for filtering fluid circulating in a plumbing and heating system, wherein said device (1) comprises a body (2) of the device forming inside itself a filter chamber (3) designed to pass through it the fluid to be filtered, with In this case, the specified housing contains the first inlet/outlet (10) providing communication of the specified filter chamber (3) with the outer part of the device and configured for communication with the line so as to receive from it or send to it the fluid entering the specified device housing or coming out of it; a second inlet/outlet (20) providing communication of the specified filter chamber (3) with the outer part of the device and configured to communicate with the corresponding line so as to receive from it or send to it the fluid entering into the specified device body or leaving it ; a third inlet/outlet (30) providing communication of the specified filter chamber (3) with the outer part of the device and configured for communication with the corresponding line so as to receive from or send to it the fluid entering the specified body of the device or emerging from it; the device is configured to control the passage of fluid through the filter chamber (3) in a selective manner in accordance with a variety of operating configurations, from one opening of the specified first inlet/outlet (10), the specified second inlet/outlet (20) and the specified third inlet/outlet outlet (30) to another hole from said first inlet/outlet (10), said second inlet/outlet (20) and said third inlet/outlet (30), the device further comprises filter elements (40), which, at least partially placed inside said filter chamber (3) or connected to said body (2) of the device and functionally placed between said first inlet/outlet, said second inlet/outlet and said third inlet/outlet for fluid filtration medium passing through the filter chamber; wherein said filter elements (40) contain at least one mechanical filter (41) configured to perform mechanical separation of substances and solid particles present in the fluid to be processed from the fluid in which they are suspended, and the specified mechanical filter ( 41) is located inside said filter chamber (3) and is designed to divide the filter chamber into a first sub-chamber (A), a second sub-chamber (B), and a third sub-chamber (C), wherein the first sub-chamber (A) is in fluid communication with the first inlet / outlet, without passing through a mechanical filter; the second subchamber (B) is in fluid communication with the second inlet/outlet, without passing through a mechanical filter; the third sub-chamber (C) is in fluid communication with the third inlet/outlet, without passing through a mechanical filter; wherein in each of said plurality of operating configurations the fluid moving in the filter chamber (3) passes at least partially through said mechanical filter (41) to pass between said first sub-chamber (A), said second sub-chamber (B ) and said third subchamber (C). 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the passage between the first sub-chamber (A) and the second sub-chamber (B), between the second sub-chamber (B) and the third sub-chamber (C) and between the first sub-chamber (A) and the third sub-chamber (C ) necessarily takes place through at least a part or section of the mechanical filter (41), and/or the first sub-chamber (A), the second sub-chamber (B) and the third sub-chamber (C) communicate with each other only through the mechanical filter (41), and /or the mechanical filter (41) has, at least in one of its parts, a structure provided with a plurality of passages (42) having a predetermined filter section, so that the passage of the fluid through the mechanical filter determines the retention on one side of the mechanical filter from which the fluid enters passing through the mechanical filter, substances and particles present in the fluid and having a larger size than the specified filter section, and/or the mechanical filter (41) has the form of a thin layer or a membrane of a given shape and extends direction between the upper end (46) and the lower end (47), and/or the mechanical filter (41) has a predetermined cross section orthogonal to its longitudinal extent, preferably substantially constant. 3. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical filter (41) is substantially Y-shaped, configured to divide the filter chamber into said first sub-chamber (A), second sub-chamber (B) and third sub-chamber (C ), and/or the mechanical filter (41) comprises a first wall (P1) located between the first inlet/outlet (10) and the second inlet/outlet and separating them; a second wall (P2) located between the second inlet/outlet (20) and the third inlet/outlet (30) and separating them; a third wall (P3) located between the first inlet/outlet (10) and the third inlet/outlet (30) and separating them, and/or the first sub-chamber (A) is formed between the first wall (P1) and the third wall (P3) , the second sub-chamber (B) is formed between the first wall (P1) and the second wall (P2) and the third sub-chamber (C) is formed between the second wall (P2) and the third wall (P3), and/or each of said first wall (P1) , said second wall (P2) and said third wall (P3) has, at least in the relevant part, a structure provided with said plurality of passages (42) having a given filter section and configured to mechanically filter fluid flow from both sides according to the direction from which the fluid to be filtered comes. 4. Device (1) according to claim 3, wherein said first wall (P1), said second wall (P2) and said third wall (P3) together constitute the entire mechanical filter (41), and/or said first wall (P1) , said second wall (P2) and said third wall (P3) are connected to each other to form said mechanical filter (41) as a single piece, and/or said first wall (P1), said second wall (P2) and said third wall (P3) run vertically inside the filter - 21 040673 of the shaft chamber (3), and/or each of them has the form of a flat or curved thin layer, and/or the specified first wall (P1), the specified second wall (P2) and the specified third wall (P3) are connected in a mechanical filter on a connecting line (43), preferably vertical, which is common to three walls, and in this case the three sub-chambers of the filter chamber (3) converge on said connecting line (43) without entering into fluid communication, except through a mechanical filter ( 3). 5. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mechanical filter (41) is configured to operate in a single position for use, which is supported for each of the specified plurality of operating configurations accepted by the device in which the direct passage of the fluid is prevented from the first hole (10) to the second hole (20) or from the first hole (10) to the third hole (30) without passing through at least part of the mechanical filter itself; direct passage of the fluid from the second hole (20) to the first hole (10) or from the second hole (20) to the third hole (30) is prevented without passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself; direct passage of the fluid from the third hole (30) to the first hole (10) or from the third hole (30) to the second hole (20) is prevented without passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself, and/or the mechanical filter (41) is configured for operation in a single position for use supported for each of the specified set of operating configurations accepted by the device, in which the passage of fluid from the first hole (10) to the second hole (20) or from the first hole (10) to the third hole (30) carried out by passing through at least part of the mechanical filter itself; the passage of the fluid from the second hole (20) to the first hole (10) or from the second hole (20) to the third hole (30) is carried out by passing through at least part of the mechanical filter itself; the passage of the fluid from the third hole (30) to the first hole (10) or from the third hole (30) to the second hole (20) is carried out by passing through at least a part of the mechanical filter itself. 6. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a closing element (4) configured to selectively close one opening from said first inlet/outlet (10), said second inlet/outlet (20) and said the third inlet/outlet (30), and the specified set of working configurations contains at least the first working configuration, in which the specified first hole (10) receives the fluid flow entering the device, the specified second hole (20) sends the flow of filtered fluid leaving the device, and the specified third hole (30) is blocked by the specified closing element (4); a second operating configuration, in which said first opening (10) receives a fluid flow entering the device, said third opening (30) sends a filtered fluid flow leaving the device, and said second opening (20) is blocked by said closing element (4 ); a third operating configuration, in which said second hole (20) receives the fluid flow entering the device, said first hole (10) sends a filtered fluid flow leaving the device, and said third hole (30) is blocked by said closing element (4 ), a fourth operating configuration, in which said second opening (20) receives a fluid flow entering the device, said third opening (30) sends a filtered fluid flow leaving the device, and said first opening (10) is blocked by said closing element (4); a fifth operating configuration, in which said third hole (30) receives a fluid flow entering the device, said first hole (10) sends a filtered fluid flow leaving the device, and said second hole (20) is blocked by said closing element (4 ); the sixth working configuration, in which the specified third hole (30) receives the fluid flow entering the device, the specified second hole (20) sends the filtered fluid flow leaving the device, and the specified first hole (10) is blocked by the specified closing element (4 ). 7. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the filter chamber (3) is limited on the side by a side surface (3A), from above by an upper surface (3B), and from below by a lower surface (3C) of the housing (2) of the device , while the mechanical filter is located longitudinally between the lower surface (3C) and the upper surface (3B) of the filter chamber of the housing (2) of the device, and / or filter - 22 040673 th chamber (3) has a predominant longitudinal extent from the specified lower surface (3C) to the specified upper surface (3B), and the mechanical filter (41) divides the filter chamber into the specified first subchamber (A), the specified second subchamber (B) and said third sub-chamber (C), so that each sub-chamber also extends in the longitudinal direction from the corresponding part of the lower surface to the corresponding part of the upper surface, and/or the first sub-chamber (A), the second sub-chamber (B) and the third sub-chamber (C) are adjacent in sides and abut each other, preferably abut radially, and/or the mechanical filter (41) has a predominant dimension constituting the height of the mechanical filter, along the direction coinciding with the axis of the longitudinal extent (2A) of the housing (2), while the specified height of the mechanical filter essentially corresponds to the distance between the upper surface (3B) and the lower surface (3C) of the filter chamber (3). 8. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said Y-shaped mechanical filter (41) in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the longitudinal extension (2A) of the housing (2) has an overall size corresponding to the radial size of the filter chamber (3), so that the mechanical filter is in contact with the side surface (3A) of the filter chamber (3), and/or each of said first wall (P1), second wall (P2) and third wall (P3) of the mechanical filter end on the side in contact with the side surface (3A) of the filter chamber (3) and/or said first wall (P1), said second wall (P2) and said third wall (P3) terminate on the opposite side with respect to said connecting line (43) with respective end edges, in contact with the side surface (3A) of the filter chamber (3), so that the end edge (B1) of the first wall (P1) is placed in contact with the first line of the side surface (3A) located between the first inlet/outlet an opening and a second inlet/outlet and separating the first subchamber (A) from the second subchamber (B); the corresponding end edge (B2) of the second wall (P2) is placed in contact with the second side surface line (3A) located between the second inlet/outlet and the third inlet/outlet and separating the second sub-chamber (B) from the third sub-chamber (C); the corresponding end edge (B3) of the third wall (P3) is placed in contact with the third side surface line (3A) located between the third inlet/outlet and the first inlet/outlet and separating the third subchamber (C) from the first subchamber (A). 9. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the body (2) of the device is provided with a separating structure (21) extending inside the filter chamber (3) from the upper surface to the upper end (46) of the mechanical filter, and the separating structure (21) runs in the longitudinal direction continuously relative to the mechanical filter (41) and, together with the latter, contributes to the longitudinal division of the filter chamber into the specified first subchamber, the specified second subchamber and the specified third subchamber, and/or the separating structure (21) has the same shape in a cross section orthogonal to the axis of longitudinal extension (2A) as the mechanical filter (41) and in particular has the same Y-shape and/or the separating structure (21) extends from the upper surface inside the filter chamber ( 3) in a direction substantially coinciding with the axis of longitudinal extent (2A) of the device body and substantially at least up to a level (Q) coinciding with the dimensions p the first inlet/outlet hole (10) on the outer side surface (6) of the body (2) of the device and/or with the dimensions of the third inlet/outlet hole (30) on the outer side surface (6) of the body (2) of the device, and/or a mechanical the filter is located longitudinally between the lower surface (3C) of the device body (2) and the separating structure (21), and/or the separating structure (21) is an integral part of the upper surface and/or is integral with the device body. 10. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the filter elements (40) comprise at least a first magnetic filter (50; 70) associated with the body (2) of the device and configured to collect substances and particles having ferromagnetic properties and present in the fluid to be treated, so as to separate them from the fluid passing through the device and keep them inside the filter chamber. 11. The device (1) according to claim 10, wherein the body (2) of the device comprises at least a first hollow protrusion (51) protruding in the axial direction in the filter chamber from said lower surface (3C) towards said upper surface (3C), moreover, said first hollow protrusion (51) defines, outside the body (2) of the device, the first casing (52) having an elongated shape corresponding to the first hollow protrusion (51) and accessible from the bottom surface (7), moreover, said first casing (52) accommodates a first magnetic filter (50) and/or said first hollow protrusion (51) protrudes axially, preferably inside said first sub-chamber (A), or alternatively inside said third sub-chamber (C) and/ or the first magnetic filter (50) contains at least the first magnetic element (53) configured to create a constant magnetic field and inserted into the specified first casing (52) of the housing (2) so as to act on the fluid, n flowing through the filter chamber (3) and retain ferromagnetic substances and particles present in the fluid on the surface of said first hollow protrusion (51) inside the device body. - 23 040673 12. The device (1) according to claim 10, wherein the first magnetic filter (70) comprises a collar housing (71) configured to be detachably mounted outside the device housing (2) and one or more magnetic elements (72) associated with the collar housing (71) and configured to create a permanent magnetic field so as to act on the fluid passing through the filter chamber (3) and retain ferromagnetic substances and particles present in the fluid within the filter chamber itself and/or the collar housing ( 71) has the shape of a ring and such dimensions as to cover, at least partially, a part of the outer side surface (6) of the body (2) of the device, and / or the annular shape of the collar body (71) has a partial break along the circumference of the ring, and the collar the housing (71) is made with the possibility of removable installation on the outer side of the device housing by means of a snapping movement of the housing itself in the presence of the specified partial break, and/or the collar housing (71) has one or more sockets, each of which is configured to accommodate, preferably in a removable manner, the corresponding magnetic element (72), and/or the first magnetic filter (70) is configured to retain substances and particles having ferromagnetic properties present in the fluid passing through the device on the side surface (3A) of the filter chamber (3), in particular on the part of the side surface corresponding to the position in which the collar housing (71) is installed on the outer side of the device housing (71). 13. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, said device (1) being configured for selective operation when used in one of the following operating configurations: a first operating configuration in which the first inlet/outlet (10) is intended to communicate with a line coming from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a heating element system, to receive a water flow to be filtered; the second inlet/outlet (20) is designed to communicate with the line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send the flow of water there after filtering; the third inlet/outlet (30) is blocked by a closing element (4); the fluid flow entering the first opening (10) flows into the first sub-chamber (A) and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the first wall (P1) of the mechanical filter (41), thus being mechanically filtered with retention separated material inside the first sub-chamber (A) and flowing into the second sub-chamber (B); part of the fluid flow may preferably pass through the third wall (P3) with the retention of the separated material inside the first subchamber, continue inside the third subchamber (C) and from the latter, passing through the second wall (P2), flow into the second subchamber (B), and the flow the fluid entering the first subchamber (A) completely completes the filtration in said second subchamber (B); the fluid medium is directed towards the second inlet/outlet (20), while the third inlet/outlet (30) is blocked; the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50) in one or more of said sub-chambers; a second operating configuration, in which the first inlet/outlet (10) is intended to communicate with a line coming from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a heating element system, to receive a water flow to be filtered; the second inlet/outlet (20) is blocked by a closing element (4); the third inlet/outlet (30) is designed to communicate with the line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system so as to send the flow of water there after filtering; the fluid flow entering the first opening (10) flows into the first sub-chamber (A) and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the third wall (P3) of the mechanical filter (41), thus being mechanically filtered with retention separated material inside the first sub-chamber (A) and flowing into the third sub-chamber (C); part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the first wall (P1) while retaining the separated material inside the first sub-chamber (A), continue inside the second sub-chamber (B) and from the latter, passing through the second wall (P2), flow into the third sub-chamber (C) , wherein the fluid flow entering the first subchamber (A) completes the filtration in said third subchamber (C); fluid is supplied to the third inlet/outlet (30), while the second inlet/outlet (20) is blocked; the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50) in one or more of said sub-chambers; third operating configuration, in which the second inlet/outlet (20) is intended to communicate with a line coming from the plumbing and heating system, in particular with the hot water return line from the heating element system, in order to receive the water flow to be filtered ; the third inlet/outlet (30) is blocked by a closing element (4); the first inlet/outlet (10) is designed to communicate with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send the flow of water there after filtering; the fluid flow entering the second opening (20) flows into the second sub-chamber (B) and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the first wall (P1) of the mechanical filter (41), thus being mechanically filtered with retention separated material inside the second sub-chamber (B) and flowing into the first sub-chamber (A); part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the second wall (P2) while retaining the separated material inside the second sub-chamber (B), continue inside the third sub-chamber (C) and from the latter, passing through the third wall (P3), flow into the first sub-chamber (A) , and the fluid flow entering the second subchamber (B), completely completes the filtration in the specified first subchamber (A); the fluid is directed to the first inlet/outlet (10), while the third inlet/outlet (30) is blocked; the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50) in one or more of said sub-chambers; a fourth operating configuration, in which the second inlet/outlet (20) is intended to communicate with a line coming from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a heating element system, to receive a water flow to be filtered; the first inlet/outlet (10) is blocked by a closing element (4); the third inlet/outlet (30) is designed to communicate with the line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system so as to send the flow of water there after filtering; the fluid flow entering the second opening (20) flows into the second sub-chamber (B) and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the second wall (P2) of the mechanical filter (41), thus being mechanically filtered with retention separated material inside the second sub-chamber (B), and flowing into the third sub-chamber (C); part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the first wall (P1) while retaining the separated material inside the second sub-chamber (B), continue inside the first sub-chamber (A) and from the latter, passing through the third wall (P3), flow into the third sub-chamber (C) , and the fluid flow entering the second subchamber (B), completely completes the filtration in the specified third subchamber (C); the fluid is directed to the third inlet/outlet (30), while the first inlet/outlet (10) is blocked; the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50) in one or more of said sub-chambers; a fifth operating configuration, in which the third inlet/outlet (30) is intended to communicate with a line coming from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a heating element system, to receive a water flow to be filtered; the second inlet/outlet (20) is blocked by a closing element (4); the first inlet/outlet (10) is designed to communicate with a line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send the flow of water there after filtering; the fluid flow entering the third opening (30) flows into the third sub-chamber (C) and is necessarily directed to pass through at least the third wall (P3) of the mechanical filter (41), thus being mechanically filtered with retention separated material inside the third sub-chamber (C) and flowing into the first sub-chamber (A); part of the fluid flow may advantageously pass through the second wall (P2) while retaining the separated material inside the third sub-chamber (C), continue inside the second sub-chamber (B) and from the latter, passing through the first wall (P1), flow into the first sub-chamber (A) , and the fluid flow entering the third subchamber (C), completely completes the filtration in the specified first subchamber (A); the fluid is directed to the first inlet/outlet (10), while the second inlet/outlet (20) is blocked; the fluid is preferably magnetically filtered by a first magnetic filter (50) in one or more of said sub-chambers; a sixth operating configuration, in which the third inlet/outlet (30) is intended to communicate with a line coming from a plumbing and heating system, in particular a hot water return line from a heating element system, to receive a water flow to be filtered; the first inlet/outlet (10) is blocked by a closing element (4); the second inlet/outlet (20) is designed to communicate with the line directed to the boiler of the plumbing and heating system in order to send the flow of water there after filtering; -