EA039936B1 - System and method for biomass growth and processing - Google Patents

Abstract

A system comprising a collocated thermal plant, water source, CO2 source and biomass growth module is disclosed. A method of improving the environment by utilizing the system is disclosed.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of private, public or municipal infrastructure and utilities and to the fields of renewable energy, biofuels, water treatment and environmental management and restoration.

Many different power generation systems and industrial systems can be used throughout, including the use of heat. These systems can use many types of fuel to generate energy through a variety of processes. Combustion-based thermal power plants can also release carbon dioxide and other gases into the environment. It is generally accepted that carbon dioxide is an atmospheric greenhouse gas, the excess production of which has a detrimental effect on climate throughout the world. In addition, power plants can release waste heat in ways that cause environmental damage. Other industrial systems release pollution in ways that can be damaging to the environment

Thus, it may be necessary to ensure the production of thermal energy and other industrial processes that minimize the production and release of excess or waste of carbon dioxide, heat and other by-products.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The present invention provides a means of reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases produced by thermal plants by growing biomass that uses these normally harmful emissions to produce biofuels and other useful products. Biofuels and/or biomass can also be a source of fuel for a thermal plant, as needed. Water treatment methods may be included, as well as techniques for reducing heat, water, and other by-products and managing natural resources, such as those described herein.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a biomass growing module that can be configured to be fueled by an exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from a thermal plant; wherein the thermal plant may optionally be configured to be fueled by biomass and/or biofuel effluent from the biomass growth module, and wherein the biomass and/or biofuel effluent may be optionally cleaned by the thermal plant, and the exhaust gas may provide a significant portion of the carbon content in the waste fluid of the biomass and/or biofuel.

In some embodiments, such as those shown in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures, and embodiments relating to selection and /or transfer of heat, the present invention relates to a method of supplying a cooling fluid, for example, the necessary cooling water, to a thermal installation, while ensuring the productive use of the energy of waste heat generated by the thermal installation, which otherwise may simply be thrown unproductively into the environment, and sometimes acting on it detrimentally. Waste heat can be used productively, for example, to control the temperature of the bioreactor and/or in the process of converting water, fuel and/or biomass produced in the biomass growing module into useful products. In some embodiments, such as those shown in FIG. 3, 4 and/or in other implementations relating to the use of water and/or carbon dioxide, for example, in terms of the present invention relates to an integrated approach to minimizing CO ₂ emissions, energy production, biofuel production, efficient use of heat and water, and also, in some embodiments, to the production of non-fuel products derived from biomass and the processing of wastewater and waste into energy. Various implementation options provide a wide range of other water sources or combinations used in creating an environment for producing biomass and/or biofuels and reducing CO2 emissions with rational use of water and thermal energy.

In one embodiment, one or more water sources may be provided for growing biomass, and the water may be waste water, salt water, brackish water, purified water, potable water, non-potable water, and/or brine. The amount of carbon in water can be from less than 0.1 to 15 wt.% or about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 wt. % or from one integer to another in the previous array of numbers, for example from about 3 to 8%.

Brief description of graphic materials

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a circuit in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of heat flow within a plan in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of fluid/water flow within a plan in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the flow of carbon dioxide within a plan in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a schematic configuration of a biomass growing unit

- 1 039936 in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a second schematic representation of a schematic configuration for growing biomass in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 7A is a schematic representation of an exhaust gas recovery scheme for a thermal plant in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 7B is a second schematic representation of an exhaust gas recovery scheme for a thermal plant in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a circuit for selecting a wavelength of light in a biomass growing unit in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of a hydrothermal liquefaction system in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic representation of the flow of biofuels and biomass and other fuels within a plan in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic representation of the inlet and outlet streams of a thermal installation in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 12A is a schematic representation of a heated or cooled fluid flow in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 12B is a second schematic representation of a heated or cooled fluid flow in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 12C is a third schematic representation of a heated or cooled fluid flow in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 12D is a fourth schematic representation of a heated or cooled fluid flow in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 12E is a fifth schematic representation of a heated or cooled fluid flow in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic representation of air treatment and odor control in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic representation of a biomass processing plant (BPP) and downstream processing from a thermal plant and a biomass growing unit in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 15A is a schematic representation of a first heat exchange module in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 15B is a schematic representation of a second heat exchange module in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic representation of a Rankine cycle included in a circuit in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a schematic representation of a simple loop system included in the circuit according to the present invention.

Fig. 18 is a schematic representation of a combined cycle system included in the circuit in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a schematic representation of an open Rankine loop included in a circuit in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 20A is a perspective view of a boiler in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 20B is a sectional view of the boiler of FIG. 20A in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 20C is a plan view of the boiler of FIG. 20A in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 20D is a bottom view of the boiler of FIG. 20A in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 21 is a vapor compression steam stripping system for use, for example, in plan, in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 22 shows a two pass wet NOx scrubber in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 23 is a schematic representation of the use, disposal and reuse of pressure within a plan in accordance with the present invention.

FIGS. 24A-M are representations of infrastructure sharing choices and other examples of synergies within a plan in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 25 is a schematic representation of oxygen flow within a plan in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 26 is a schematic representation of a subcritical catalytic hydrothermal gasification system for use in, for example, a plan in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 27 is a schematic representation of a catalytic hydrothermal gasification system for use, for example, within a plan in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 28 is a schematic representation of a circuit in accordance with the present invention. In this figure, the lines do not intersect, although they are represented in this way.

Definitions

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term carbon dioxide means a CO2 molecule that is in the form or phase of a gas, liquid, supercritical fluid and/or solid, optionally mixed with other gases, liquids and/ or solids.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term ambient carbon dioxide or ambient CO ₂ may mean carbon dioxide in ambient air sampled from ambient air and/or carbon dioxide sampled using technical sampling means, for example, the following documents are incorporated herein by reference and are based on AlgaeAirFix (http://energyenvironment.pnnl.gov/highlights/highlightasp?id=1754) and Global Thermostat (http://globalthermostat.com/what-we-do /about-carbon-capture-anduse/).

The term NOx means oxides of nitrogen. The term SOx means oxides of sulfur.

The term in an embodiment may mean In one or more embodiments.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term thermal plant hardware or thermal plant system may refer to the type of hardware that can be used in a thermal plant.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term system may mean a technical means.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term refueling may mean capable of receiving fuel, configured to receive fuel from, or capable of receiving fuel from.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term WTE system may mean a WTE facility or a WTE module.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term off-site may mean located away from, or near, or at a location off-site, for example, near or adjacent to a located or combined system, module, unit and/or block element. Off site may mean a distance to or from a sited or combined system, module, unit, and/or unit element of about 0.1 to 20 km, or about 0.1 to 0.5 km, or about 0.1 to 1 km , or about 0.1 to 2 km, about 0.1 to 5 km, or about 0.1 to 10 km, or about 0.1 to 20 km, or about 0.1 to 50 km, or about 0.1 to 100 km, or about 10 to 1000 km.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term off-site carbon dioxide or off-site CO ₂ can mean carbon dioxide introduced into the plan from outside the plan, or from outside the site.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term carbon dioxide storage or CO ₂ storage may mean a module or modules or process(es) capable of storing carbon dioxide, optionally mixed with other gases and/ or other materials in any phase. Carbon dioxide storage may use any method(s) or carbon dioxide storage configuration known to those skilled in the art, optionally including CCS, storage as gas in a container at atmospheric pressure, storage in pressurized tanks, storage as liquid, storage as a solid and/or any mixture of different phases.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term inlet or inflow or flow may mean anything that may be introduced into a module, block, or block element, which may be indicated in the figures of this description by a line or an arrow. connected to a frame, where the line or arrow represents an input, and the frame represents a module, block, or block element. In this sense, the module may be configured to communicate with the input and/or connect and/or connect to it. Inlets or outlets (see below) may be provided as described herein and/or by any means known to those skilled in the art (e.g., fluids may be piped into or out of the module by being driven by a blower or pump, solids can be introduced into and/or out of the module in containers, etc.).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term injection may mean the input or creation at the input, or the beginning of the input; or the module may be configured to receive and/or provide an injection or injection.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term outlet or outflow or flow or outlet or outlets or emission or emission or emission may mean anything that exits or can be removed. , and / or the process of removing from the module, block, block element, or a technical means that can be indicated in the figures on

- 3 039936 of the present description by a line or arrow connected to a frame representing a module, block or element of a block, or technical means. In this sense, the module may be configured to communicate and/or connect to an output. Outlets may be provided as described herein and/or by any means known to those skilled in the art (e.g., fluids may be piped out of the module by being driven by a blower or pump, solids may be drawn out of the module into containers, etc.).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term release source may mean any module, block, block element, technical tool, component or element that releases.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term flow may mean an inlet, outlet, or movement of a fluid or fluids, for example, through or along, or within an inlet or outlet.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term release can also mean release to the environment and/or exit from the module. Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term release or diversion or release/diversion or diversion/release may mean off-site shipping.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term exhaust section may mean a section intended for exhaust (for example, a section of an exhaust gas disposal scheme (for example, Fig. 7A or 7B) intended for exhausting gases into the environment environment).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term exhaust gas recovery module may mean a module designed to process exhaust gases through various steps to treat gases, heat, pollutants, water, and/or other fluids. media derived from processing as input to BGM, storage, and/or other use(s) in the plan, such as 707.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term propulsion device means any technical means known to a person skilled in the art for moving materials, and the materials do not necessarily contain fluids.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term exhaust gas may refer to the exit of a gaseous effluent stream from a thermal plant and/or other thermal process.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the terms purification or treatment or purification/treatment or treatment/treatment may refer to removal of impurities, separation, drying, addition of chemicals, pH adjustment, temperature change. , transferring heat and/or cooling, combining with other fluids and/or other materials, and/or any other methods disclosed herein and/or known to a person skilled in the art that can be used to change the characteristics of the fluid and/or /or other material.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term water use/reuse/treatment/recycling/distribution may mean recycled water outlet(s) from modules, optional water treatment/recycling, and distribution of water to those same and/or other modules by any method described herein and/or by any methods known to a person skilled in the art. The distribution may include water pipelines, optionally with pumps. These processes can be carried out in one or more separate blocks and/or networks for water with different characteristics (e.g. salinity, biomass content, heat content, pH, etc.) and/or water outputs of some kind can be combined .

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term water storage may mean any means described herein and/or known to a person skilled in the art for storing water. The water storage may comprise one or more separate modules or blocks which may be used to store water of different characteristics separately and/or as a mixture in any phase.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term fresh water source may mean any source of fresh water, optionally containing waste water, optionally containing any technical means and/or equipment known to a person skilled in the art. area, to submit to the plan.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term (salt water) intake may mean any intake or inlet, or facility and/or equipment for supplying salt water, brackish water and/or highly saline of water within the scope of the plan, either in combination and/or separately, optionally containing a deep water and/or coastal intake on a salt water body.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term

- 4 039936 module may mean an optional detachable section with one or more functions. A module may contain one or more blocks, block elements and/or hardware. The module may contain any technical means, design and/or equipment known to a person skilled in the art, to provide and/or support its function separately and/or as integrated into the plan. If a module contains various technologies with a common infrastructure, the technologies included in this module may be combined and share any infrastructure in common, may support a separate infrastructure, or may be combined and share some infrastructure in common. Any term depicted within a box in a figure herein may be a module, block, block element, and/or a facility composed of a module, block, or block element.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term block may mean an optionally detachable section with one or more functions. The term block' can be used interchangeably with the term module. A module may contain one or more block(s). A block may contain one or more block elements and/or a technical means(s).

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term module element may mean a block.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term block element may mean an optionally detachable section with one or more functions. The term block element can be used interchangeably with the term module or the term block. One or more block element(s) may be composed by a module and/or block.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term "system" may mean a whole containing related elements, or "system" may mean an optionally integrated system or configuration, including one or more of the following functions: power generation, emission collection, water treatment and/or fuel production. A system may mean an optionally combined and/or optionally integrated system or an integrated configuration of one or more modules, one or more blocks and/or one or more block elements, one or more hardware, one or more components and/or one or more functions, including one or more of the following functions: electricity generation, emission collection, water treatment, fuel production, biomass production, biofuel production, water treatment, water use, waste treatment, such as solid waste treatment, wastewater treatment, gaseous emissions treatment, obtaining fresh water and/or reducing the release of salt water. The system may contain or may consist essentially of one or more modules, one or more blocks and/or one or more block elements and/or one or more technical means, including one or more of the following functions: power generation, emission collection, water treatment, fuel production, biomass production, biofuel production, water treatment, water use, waste treatment, such as solid waste treatment, waste water treatment, gaseous emission treatment, fresh water recovery and/or reduction of salt water release. The term consisting essentially means a description or indication of one or more modules, one or more blocks, or one or more elements of the block, which do not significantly affect the characteristics, for example, the main and new characteristics of the described or specified system.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term fermentation vessel, module or tank may mean a container for growing biomass without light.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term circuit may mean a system, configuration, combination of systems, collection of systems and/or modules, optionally communicating via fluid and/or electronic communication.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term plan or this plan or scheme or this scheme may mean the system according to the present invention, the invention as a whole, or with any optional modules, flows, synergies, connections and/or connections between modules, or without them. The plan may consist, consist essentially of, or be made up of the sum of all systems, technical means and/or other elements of the invention. The plan may contain, consist essentially of, or be made up of any embodiment of the invention. The plan contains, consists essentially of, or is made up of a system. The plan may contain, be substantive, or be made up of a diagram. The plan may contain, consist essentially of, or be composed of an invention network. The plan can be combined. The plan may contain, consist essentially of one or more systems, one or more modules, one or more blocks and/or one or more block elements, all of which are functionally related to each other.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term installation or installation module may mean a module of some type that performs a technical function. It does not imply the need for a separate building or structure, and may be linked and/or partially integrated into other modules, hardware, or other elements of the invention.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term thermal plant or thermal plant or thermal plant module, can be defined as a plant or other industrial system in which heat and/or carbon dioxide can be produced in which - any aspect of its operation, for example, for the production of energy and / or work, for the processing of materials (for example, enterprises) and / or systems that in any way support these installations and / or industrial systems. Thermal plant may mean a plant that burns fuel, biomass and/or waste to produce energy and/or other processes that involve heat and/or carbon dioxide in any phase of operation. A thermal plant may include any power plant, optionally including all fossil fuel, nuclear, solar thermal, geothermal and other power plants and/or non-power plants, optionally including a steel mill, a cement plant, a paper mill , textile factory, metal manufacturing plant and other industrial enterprise. The thermal plant may also contain one or more modules, facilities or elements used to produce a precursor fuel for combustion, such as hydrolysis alcohol, pyrolysis, HPT module(s), and/or other facilities that can produce fuel from biomass, waste, and/or other mechanisms. The thermal plant may also contain any additional attached or auxiliary or associated modules and/or hardware available for thermal plant hardware known to those skilled in the art and/or other systems, hardware, components or functions for maintaining the operation of thermal plants, including those designed to process, purify and / or prepare fuel for use in technical facilities of thermal plants, for cooling processes in thermal plants, to treat emissions of any outflows, to increase the efficiency of, for example, modules for heat generation, to convert waste heat into cooling (e.g. combined heat and power) and/or transfer inputs and/or outputs to a thermal plant, various modules of thermal plants and/or other modules in a system or plan, and/ or from them. A thermal plant may contain any number of the modules and/or hardware described herein, such as thermal plant modules and/or hardware, either as separate systems and/or a shared common infrastructure and/or resources, such as described herein, and/or as known to a person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term thermal power plant or power plant facility may mean a thermal plant and/or a separate facility, partly or wholly consisting of a thermal plant, that produces energy.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term intensive thermal plant processes, thermal and/or pressure may mean any process(es) in a thermal plant, thermal plant hardware, and/or related with it, and / or supporting the operation of a thermal installation, which may include the use of heat and / or pressure.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term incineration process may mean any process using incineration. It may refer to a thermal plant facility that uses or includes combustion (for example, fuels).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term pipeline may mean a pipe, tube, conduit, line, channel, trench, or other transport device. This may mean a structure, system or element for enclosing, combining, protecting and/or connecting one or more pipes, tubes, passages, lines, channels, trenches or other transport devices.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term energy can mean a force acting at some distance. The terms "work" and "energy" can be understood interchangeably. For example, the unit of energy might be the joule, which might be the energy required to exert a force of one newton over a distance of one meter.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term heat can mean the arbitrary kinetic energy of atoms, molecules and/or ions in a substance.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term thermal energy may mean energy in the form of heat. For example, one kilojoule (1000 joules) can be dispersed in 50 cm ^{3 of} water to raise the temperature of the water by about 5°C.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term refrigeration may refer to any means for reducing the heat of one or more substances. it

- 6 039936 can mean a system with the ability to cool the material. This may mean cold or cool material(s), optionally containing a fluid suitable for use in obtaining cooling. Some examples of cooling may include direct interaction, mixing and/or other contact of colder material with warmer material, and/or indirect interaction of colder material with warmer material, for example, by heat exchange and/or using condensation/evaporation and/or pressure, for example a heat pump and/or any other means known to the person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term heat and/or cooling, or heat/cooling, or heating/cooling, or heating and/or cooling, may mean one or more of the following elements, optionally in multiple units: heat, heat flow, cooling, cooling flow, and/or any combination thereof.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term heat/cool storage can mean heat and/or cold storage by any means known to one of skill in the art. Heat and/or cooling may be stored in a plurality of individual units in the heat/cool storage module based on the particular temperature and/or temperature range(s) of the stored substance(s).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term additional heat may mean heat that can be added, in addition to heat that has already been added to a material and/or process (optionally containing a fluid) by another process(es). For example, waste heat may be used to provide initial heating of the material, and another heat source may be used to further increase the temperature for the desired application (eg heat exchanger, burner).

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term preheat/cool or preheat/cool may refer to heating and/or cooling applied in preparation for a process or module.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term pretreatment may refer to any means of treatment known to those skilled in the art to produce material, optionally containing a fluid and/or stream for another process. For example, pre-treatment of water may include purification, addition of chemicals, pH adjustment, temperature changes, mixing with other water sources and/or any other means known to the person skilled in the art to prepare the water for use in a particular process.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term water may mean one or more of the following: fresh water, waste water, treated waste water, salt water, brackish water, high salinity water, steam, a water outlet, a supply fluid, a water inlet, an effluent, and/or a water outlet containing any water in the disclosed plan (e.g., FIG. 3), some other source of water, or any mixture of the foregoing, optionally mixed with biomass , bio-raw materials, fuels and/or biofuels with any characteristics, pollutants, minerals and/or other materials. The water may be in any phase(s) or form containing liquid, supercritical fluid, gaseous and/or solid phases. The transfer of water from one module to another may include a phase change of some kind, mixing with one or more other sources of water and/or processing by any means known to the person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term permeable may mean a composition and/or structure such that water molecules can pass through, or this water can pass through under osmotic pressure.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term fluid can mean any liquid, gas and/or other material that can be used in the process. Fluid can mean a form of matter capable of flowing when a shear stress is applied.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term effluent or outlet may mean any type of fluid or fluids discharged from any module and/or other component in the plan. In this sense, the module, block and/or element of the block may be configured to communicate and/or connect with the outgoing fluid or outlet.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term BGM effluent may mean BGM effluent, including fluids discharged directly from the BGM and/or fluids discharged from the BGM, and then passed through any other processing step(s) including concentration, thickening, dehydration, dilution, addition of chemicals, temperature change and/or other processing step(s) disclosed herein and/or known to those skilled in the art in the art, and/or mixing with other sources of biomass and/or water with any characteristics, and which may include one or more of the following:

a) aqueous suspension of biomass;

b) water/biomass/extract;

c) treated biomass/water slurry;

d) treated aqueous suspension of biomass;

e) TBW suspension;

f) biomass, water;

g) biofeedstock and/or other biofuels;

h) residues;

i) biomass culture, water;

j) biofuels;

k) biomass;

l) biomass/sludge/residue;

m) biomass, biofuel (gaseous), biofuel (liquid);

n) refined biofuels;

o) a solvent containing the extracted biomass;

p) hot biomass, biofeedstock and/or biofuel, water (liquid or gaseous);

q) hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry;

r) hot biofeedstock and/or biofuel (gaseous or liquid);

s) hot water and/or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuels;

t) steam and traces of biomass, biofeedstock and/or biofuels;

u) steam/hot biomass, biofeeds and/or biofuels, water;

v) biofuels/water;

w) water;

x) light oil/biomass and/or

s) crude oil/biomass.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term grow block element or grow block or grow step block element or grow step block or biomass grow block element or biomass grow block element may mean a component in a biomass growing module that may use one or more photobioreactor(s), fermentation tank(s), pool(s), other reactor(s), and/or some other system(s) for growing biomass, optionally including the systems described herein, and/or any other system known to the person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term stress may refer to the effect on biomass of a stimulus, including deprivation and/or exposure to a substance, light, certain wavelengths of light, certain temperatures, nitrogen starvation/depletion, salt and /or any other means to stimulate a specific biological response.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term stress block element can mean a module in which the biomass can be stressed.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term extraction may mean the removal of a portion of the biomass using a solvent and/or other means in which the remaining structure of the biomass may not be destroyed at all.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term extraction unit element may mean a module in which the biomass may be subjected to extraction.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term stress and extraction block element may mean a module in which the biomass can be stressed and/or extracted.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term energy may mean electricity and/or heat.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term hot or heated may mean heated to any temperature above ambient temperature. This may mean hotter than the other material with which it is exchanging heat and/or cooling. This may mean a material that has been heated by any process to any temperature greater than before the process was applied to the material.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term recycle may mean one or more of the following possibilities: preheating a solution containing biomass, biofeeds and/or other biofuels and possibly water as a first for other processes; separating the biomass and/or biofuel from water and/or steam and/or other liquid; purification of one or more components of the biomass and/or biofuel; conversion of biomass and/or biofuel components into other compounds, including conversion of biomass into biofeedstock; conversion of biomass to biogas; separation of compounds included in biofeedstock and/or biofuels into individual compounds or groups of compounds, such as carbon series; exposing the biomass and/or biofuel to heat, pressure, hydrothermal treatment and/or a similar process; adding chemicals, mixing fuels; and/or any of the methods disclosed herein and/or known to a person skilled in the art for refining petroleum products and/or biofuels. Any of the above processes can be carried out either in the presence or absence of water and/or other fluids.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term refiner may mean a unit in which purification takes place (eg, purification of biomass, biofeedstock, biofuel, biogas, fuel, and/or water).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term separation may mean any means known to a person skilled in the art for separating two or more materials, optionally containing fluids, optionally containing physical, chemical, thermal , biological and/or other means of separation. Separation may mean separating hot water and/or steam from hot biofeed and/or biofuel/water slurry and/or hot biofeed and/or biofuel or both (eg 1510), eg FIG. 15 by any means known to the person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term biogas may mean a gaseous fuel derived in part or wholly from biomass, optionally mixed with other gases, water and/or other materials.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term biogas/natural gas storage may mean a module or modules in which biogas, natural gas and/or other primarily gaseous and/or liquid fuels can either alone and/or in combination, stored, heated and/or otherwise maintained in any manner known to the person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term biofeedstock or biological feedstock may primarily mean liquid biofuels that can be obtained from biomass.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term biochar or biological charcoal may mean primarily solid fuels that can be obtained from biomass, optionally containing waste.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term biomass may mean material(s) derived from living or recently living organisms of any species, such as algae, bacteria, fungi, yeasts and/or amoebae. Biomass may include biofuels produced by living organisms, such as ethanol formed by and/or from plants; biogas, bio-raw materials and/or other types of biofuels resulting from the processing and/or fermentation of plant biomass; intact parts of the biomass; parts of biological material extracted using solvents; and/or any other material that may be produced either from organisms and/or may be obtained from organisms and/or the products they produce by any of the methods disclosed herein and/or any methods known to the person skilled in the art. Biomass can mean living and/or dead organisms and/or biofuels derived from them.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term biomass products may mean products produced and/or obtained from biomass.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term Biomass Processing Plant or BPP (Biomass Processing Plant) may mean a module in which biomass, optionally mixed with other materials, can be processed into products in accordance with characteristics in the present description and/or in any way known to a person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term refiner/BPP or refiner and/or BPP or BPP and/or refiner or BPP/refiner may mean a refiner unit, a BPP module, or both, either individually, together, and/or as separate modules, possibly interconnected, and/or possibly sharing infrastructure in common.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term Water Bottling/Biomass Product Bottling/Packaging Plant or WWPP (Biomass Product Bottling/Packaging Plant) may mean a unit in which water can be treated , for example, cleaned, chemically treated, carbonated and/or otherwise prepared for bottling, canning, bottled and/or preserved by any method described herein and/or known to a person skilled in the art. Complement

- 9 039936 Alternatively, the biomass products may be prepared for bottling and/or other packaging, bottled and/or otherwise packaged, canned, chilled, heated, stored and/or processed in any other way disclosed herein, and/or known to the person skilled in the art for processing and/or packaging biomass products of any kind. The treatment and bottling of the water may take place using a separate system, optionally at a separate location from the biomass preparation and bottling system and the WWPP filling and/or packaging system. Various preparation, packaging and/or storage of biomass products may include one and/or more different technical means, which may optionally be performed in separate locations that are part of the WWPP (for example, methods for processing and packaging liquid biomass may be carried out separately from biomass solids, solids mixed with other materials and/or gases). WWPP may also include any of the methods known to those skilled in the art for preparing bottles and other packaging and shipping materials from recycled materials. WWPP may include any methods known in the art for preparing and sterilizing bottles and/or other packaging material for use with bandage, plastic wrap, shrink film, pallets, and/or other bulk packaging equipment and materials (e.g., for preparing pallets for products and/or other means of mass transportation).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term fuel may mean any material that can be used to produce energy in any form. Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term fuel may mean any carbon-based material that can be burned to produce energy in any form. Energy in any form may include electrical energy, heat, and/or some other form(s) of energy.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term off-site fuel(s) may mean fuel or fuels delivered to and/or removed from the plan, to and/or from external sources.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term biofuel or biofuels may mean a fuel or fuels obtained in whole or in part using biological materials and/or processes. The biofuel may contain biomass and/or a fuel produced by biomass (for example, ethanol produced by biomass as a by-product in aqueous solution), a fuel obtained from the processing of biomass and/or a portion of the biomass by some viable process, optionally including thermal, chemical , biochemical, mechanical, other biological process and / or other methods and / or methods that play a role in the production of any types of fuel. Biofuels may contain these fuels in gaseous, liquid, solid, supercritical fluids and/or mixed states of matter.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term hydrothermal processing or HTP (hydrothermal processing) includes rapid heat treatment, hydrothermal liquefaction, catalytic hydrothermal gasification, hydrothermal carbonation, optionally with in situ transesterification (IST, In situ transesterification) or without it and/or other method(s) of treatment and/or purification of biomass, including heating and/or pressure, and other processing of materials as a result of the application of heat and/or pressure. HTP may mean one or more HTP technologies and/or technologies optionally used together, optionally sequentially (eg HTL followed by CHG).

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term instant cleaning may mean hydrothermal treatment.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term rapid thermal processing or RTP (rapid thermal processing) may mean separation and/or partial purification of the BGM effluent, mixture of water and biomass and/or biomass slurry/ water using processes typically involving heating at atmospheric pressure. An example of this type of process would be Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) by Envergent Technologies LLC (https://www.envergenttech.com).

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term hydrothermal liquefaction or HTL (hydrothermal liquefaction) may refer to the separation and/or partial purification of a BGM effluent, water/biomass mixture and/or biomass/water slurry with using processes typically involving heat and possibly pressure. HTL processes can produce biofeedstock.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term hydrothermal carbonization or HTC (hydrothermal carbonization) includes the application of medium heat and optionally pressure to biomass in an aqueous medium. At temperatures of approximately 180-250°C and pressures of approximately 10-40 bar, biological macromolecules are hydrolyzed and reacted to produce a solid hydrothermal carbonization product or carbo

- 10 039936 reduced solids. This material can usually be processed using in situ transesterification or IST. As will be understood, HTC referred to herein may optionally include IST. Some of the original biomass may be reused in BGM, other HTL process(s), and/or otherwise treated in any manner as described herein, including treatment with a refiner and/or BPP, any in a manner known to a person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise stated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term in situ transesterification or IST includes the conversion of lipids in biochar to biodiesel without first extracting it using alcohols such as methanol or ethanol. Subcritical IST can be performed at subcritical alcohol temperatures. It typically requires the use of catalysts and high molar alcohol to oil ratios (eg, greater than 300 to 1), and may also be sensitive to water in the feedstock. Supercritical IST (SC-IST) can be performed at supercritical alcohol temperatures. SC-IST does not require catalysts or high molar ratios of alcohol to oils and can be much less sensitive to water in the feedstock. Source: Robert Levine, THE PRODUCTION OF ALGAL BIODIESEL USING HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION AND IN SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION, Dissertation for PhD in Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2013; incorporated herein by and by reference. http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/99977/rblevine1.pdf?se quence=1.

UNLESS otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term catalyst can mean a substance that increases the rate of one or more chemical reactions.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term catalytic hydrothermal gasification or CHG (catalytic hydrothermal gasification) can mean a purification process in which organic compounds are catalytically converted to gases in water, optionally containing CH ₄ and/ or CO ₂ , using heat and/or pressure to effect conversion while maintaining the water in a liquid state.

For example, an exemplary process may be a description representing patent publication WO 2013/184317A1, incorporated herein by reference. The process may also include catalytic and/or hydrothermal gasification (CHG) of residual organic compounds in the water fraction released from the HTL step or process at a temperature and pressure chosen to form a gaseous product. The gaseous product may contain at least one British thermal unit (BTU) of hydrocarbon or other product gas. Combustion of the gaseous hydrocarbon product can be used to obtain the net energy release from biomass conversion. An example of such a process can be found at http://www.genifuel.com.

For example, CHG can be carried out at about 350°C, 20-22 MPa, and the biomass can be treated wet (about 80-85% water) and the resulting gas stream can be mainly steam, so that the heat can be recycled, the conversion can be high (more than 99%), the gas output can be pure, essentially with little residual resin and less than 1% ash; and while a typical gas stream may be, for example, 62% methane, 35% CO ₂ , small amounts of hydrogen gas and other fuels, such as ethane, propane. For example, see http://www.genifuel.com/gasification.htmL, incorporated herein by reference and by reference.

The Genifuel gasifier may instead use a catalyzed wet process to provide rapid and substantially complete conversion of the biomass resulting in substantially pure renewable natural gas as a product. This process can operate at much lower temperatures than other gasification methods, approximately 350°C and 21 MPa, which simplifies the design and operation of the equipment. The gasifier produces both a gaseous product and steam, which contains the carbon dioxide generated during gasification. Once condensed, dissolved carbon dioxide enriched water can be returned to the BGM to boost next generation biomass growth and/or for other uses in the plan (see FIG. 4) while reducing emissions to near zero.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term gasification module may mean a module in which biomass, possibly miscible with water and/or other components such as BGM effluent and/or BGM treated effluent the fluid may be wholly or partially converted to one or more gases using CHG, anaerobic digestion and/or any other means suitable for producing gases from biomass. The gasification module may also contain systems for processing the obtained gases for their preparation for use as fuel and/or storage, including drying, removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or removal of other pollutants, other processing, mixing with other

- 11 039936 fuels, carbon collection and storage of carbon dioxide, condensation to a liquid state and / or other technical means known to specialists in this field of technology. The gasification module may be part of a thermal plant and may optionally share infrastructure with other thermal plant facilities and/or processes, may consist of a refiner and/or RPP, and may optionally share infrastructure with a refiner and/or technical means and/or BPP processes, and/or may be a separate module.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term gasification equipment may mean any equipment used in the gasification module or to maintain the operation of the gasification module, its inlets and/or outlets or outflows.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term supercritical fluid extraction may refer to an extraction process involving supercritical fluids such as CO2, methanol and/or ethanol.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term fresh water may mean water with a salinity typically less than ocean salt water and typically less than 0.5%. For the purposes of the present invention, fresh water may refer to low salinity water with any characteristics, and may contain brackish wastewater with any characteristics.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term waste water or waste water may mean water, which may contain waste of any type and/or associated chemical by-products. Municipal wastewater can be a common form of wastewater that can contain approximately 30-40 mg/l nitrate, 5-10 mg/l phosphate, varying levels of organic carbon, suspended and/or dissolved solids, and possibly other chemicals. Effluent may also contain farm effluent, industrial effluent, storm water, leachate, process water from any process, and/or some other source of water containing constituents that may render it non-potable. Waste water can have any level of salinity.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term domestic wastewater or domestic wastewater' may mean treated wastewater or partially treated wastewater (e.g., wastewater treated using primary treatment, secondary treatment, and /or tertiary processing). Domestic wastewater may mean water used in a process of some kind, which may not be potable after being used in the process. Domestic wastewater can mean water that results from the mixing of potable and non-potable water. Domestic wastewater can mean water that can be used to dilute brine.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term treated wastewater may mean wastewater that has been treated by any physical, chemical, biological process and/or other means.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term salt water or salt waters can mean water with a salinity typically greater than that of fresh water and typical of ocean salinity, possibly in the range of 3 up to 5% (from 30 to 50 g/l).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term brackish water can mean any mixture of fresh water, salt water, brine water, and/or other water with a salinity typically between that of fresh water and salt water ( approximately 0.5 to 3%).

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term high salinity water, brine or brine outlet or brine water can mean water with a salinity that is typically higher than that of ocean water (typically greater than about 5% or 50 g/l).

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term brine electrolysis may mean the application of electrolysis to brine (eg, brine formed as a by-product of desalination).

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term desalination may refer to the treatment of salt water in a manner that reduces its salinity, optionally including methods by which high salinity water or brine can also be produced.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term desalination plant or desalination module or desalination plant module may mean a module that performs desalination. The desalination plant may include distillation and/or filtration-based facilities further defined and described herein and/or other desalination methods known to those skilled in the art.

- 12 039936

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term bioreactor may mean a fully or partially enclosed container in which biomass can be grown.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term photobioreactor may mean a fully or partially enclosed container exposed to the sun and/or other light source in which biomass can be grown.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term biomass growth module or BGM (biomass growth module) can mean a module in which biomass can be grown and processed in one or more different biomass growth units. Where flows into and/or out of the BGM can be described or implied, and/or processes can be conducted in or through the BGM, BGM may refer to any one or more of the BGUs included in the BGM, or any block elements. and/or its other component(s) Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term biomass growth unit or BGU (biomass growth unit) can mean a system for growing biomass and pre-treatment of biomass. For the purposes of the present invention, the BGU may also contain a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with any characteristics. The BGU may contain one or more grow block elements and other block elements that can be used to support biomass growth (eg, FIG. 6). BGU can also mean a system in which the biological agent(s) can in any way metabolize, ferment and/or otherwise alter carbon dioxide and/or other gases such as hydrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide and/or other gases in any way - in any way, and which can produce biomass, fuel and/or other chemical structures. Where flows into and/or out of the BGU can be described and/or implied, and/or processes can be carried out in and/or by the BGU, BGU may mean the entire BGU or any one or more elements of the BGU block and/or or other components.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term autotrophic may mean a biomass that grows in the presence of light.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term heterotrophic may mean a biomass that grows in the absence of light.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term mixotrophic can mean a biomass that grows in the presence of light and in the absence of light.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term BGM feed water may mean a water stream containing any type or mixture of water used to supply water to a BGM, BGU to a BGM, and/or any a BGU element and/or another BGU component in the BGM. The feed water may comprise salt water, fresh water, high salinity water, waste water, other types of water, and/or mixtures of the foregoing, optionally containing plan water (eg, FIG. 3) and in any ratio.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term WWTP or WWTP module or traditional WWTP or conventional wastewater treatment plant or conventional bacterial wastewater treatment plant or conventional bacterial WWTP or conventional plant for bacterial treatment of wastewater, conventional plant for bacterial treatment of wastewater, WWTP using bacteria, or WWTP using bacteria-based processes, WWTP using bacterial processes, or a similar term can mean a wastewater treatment plant without the use of auxiliary treatment methods based on plants.

This may mean a wastewater treatment plant using all or part of a system including bacterial engineering such as activated sludge.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term pollution control module may mean a module that uses any technology known to those skilled in the art of capturing, capturing, responding (e.g., reducing NOx emissions), capturing, diluting, absorbing, filtering, neutralizing, purifying and/or otherwise treating exhaust gases with an optional flow of selected contaminants to the BGM. The module may further utilize processing methods to prepare any liquid and/or gaseous effluent(s) from the module for introduction into the BGM, such as chemical treatment, pollution control, blending with other fluids, temperature control, and/or other methods known to those skilled in the art to prepare the effluent(s) for use in the BGM, for storage and subsequent use in the BGM, and/or for release. Any one or more of the following technical means/substances may be used in the module in any combination or sequence:

a) Activated carbon

b) Hearth oven cokes

c) Zeolites

- 13 039936

d) Lime

e) Chlorine

f) Sprayers

g) Sorbents

h) Filtering

i) Catalyst(s)

j) Photochemical methods

k) Selective catalytic reduction

l) Dry scrubber

m) Wet scrubber - spray column, tray column, packed bed column, two pass wet scrubber and/or other wet scrubber

n) Other contaminant control/capture methods known to those skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term pollution control module may mean a module that uses any technology known to those skilled in the art of capturing, capturing, responding (e.g., reducing NOx emissions). ), capturing, diluting, absorbing, filtering, neutralizing, purifying and/or otherwise treating waste gases for optional release to the environment. The pollution control module may use any one or more of the techniques/substances listed above for the pollution control module and/or other techniques known to one of skill in the art, in any combination or sequence.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term pollution control and/or heat recovery can mean a pollution control module, a heat recovery module, or both.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term transport device may mean a structure or system designed to transport materials, optionally containing fluids. A transport device may mean a conduit for conveying fluids (eg exhaust gases, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, other gases and/or gas/liquid mixtures). The transport device may mean a pipeline for transporting exhaust gases from a thermal plant or a combustion process of a thermal plant.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term diversion may mean a structure or system designed to divert a portion of materials and/or fluids from a transport device. Retraction can mean a structure designed to change the direction of the movement of materials, in whole or in part.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term waste heat may mean heat that may be generated as a by-product of a process producing primary process heat.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term process raw heat can mean heat that can be used to generate electricity or to perform any other industrial processes such as steel processing.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term heat exchange or heat transfer, for example as shown in FIG. 2, and / or other figures of the present description, means the transfer of heat from one area of \u200b\u200bsubstance to another. Such transfer may include any means of transfer known to those skilled in the art from one material to another, including optionally directional contact of heated material with material to be heated, use of a heat exchanger, and/or other indirect heat transfer process to transfer heat without direct contact. with materials, any of the methods described herein, and/or any other means known to a person skilled in the art. Cooling transfer, refrigeration or cooling transfer, as shown in any figure, may use some of the same processes as heat transfer, except that the material performing the transfer has a lower thermal energy than the material from which transfer is performed, and absorbs thermal energy from the second material, thereby essentially transferring cooling. Refrigeration or refrigeration transfer can also refer to cool or cold materials, optionally containing generated fluids, such as air conditioning and/or refrigeration co-produced by a thermal plant, which can be applied to other materials and/or to materials in enclosed spaces for their cooling.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term heat exchange process may mean heat transfer in which a heat exchanger may be used.

- 14 039936

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term heat exchanger may mean an item of equipment used in heat transfer. The heat exchanger may have any configuration, including, for example, parallel flow, counterflow, cross flow, circulation, or other configurations. The heat exchanger may be, for example, a double tube, shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, finned plate, adiabatic wheel, panel heat exchanger, fluid, dynamically cleaned surface, or other structures. It may also include phase change or direct contact heat exchangers. The heat exchanger may include a self-cleaning heat exchanger, a waste heat recovery unit, a Rankine cycle, an organic Rankine cycle, a fluid heat exchanger, and/or a heat recovery steam generator. Heat exchangers may be designed for any medium or a combination of different media and/or type(s) of fluid. The heat exchanger may comprise one or more heat exchangers used together or in series and/or in parallel. Heat exchangers for the purposes of the present invention may also comprise any type of heat transfer structure other than the typical technical structures referred to in the art as heat exchangers (e.g., the pool of water surrounding the BGM may be a heat exchanger, e.g. FIG. 12C) . Any of these types of heat exchangers and/or others suitable for this purpose may be used in any aspect of the disclosed plan, in which heat exchangers may be indicated.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term heat recovery/cooling recovery or heat recovery and/or cooling or heat recovery or heat recovery and reuse or heat recovery + reuse may mean recovery and/or optional distribution and/or reuse of heat and/or cooling from substances, fluids and/or material flows, optionally from modules, systems, blocks, block elements, processes and/or facilities contained in the plan, by any means disclosed herein and/or by any means known to the person skilled in the art. Heat and/or cooling may be recovered in a plurality of individual units in a heat/cooling storage module based on the specific temperature and/or temperature range(s) of recovered heat and/or cooling, e.g., from different modules, processes and/or facilities. The recovered heat and/or cooling can be reused in the module from which it was recovered and/or in some other module(s) in the plan (eg, FIG. 2).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term heat recovery/cooling module or heat recovery and/or cooling module or heat recovery module or heat recovery and reuse module or heat recovery+reuse module may means a module in which heat recovery and/or cooling takes place.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term pressure recovery may mean the recovery of pressure from one or more process(es), system(s), and/or module(s) for use in one or more such same and/or other process(es), system(s), and/or module(s), such as in FIG. 23. Utilization of pressure may include any means specified in the present description, and/or any means known to a person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term pressure recovery module may mean a module in which pressure recovery takes place.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term heat/pressure recovery module(s) may mean a heat recovery module, a pressure recovery module, or both.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this description and/or claims, the term heat and/or cooling or heat/cooling, for example, as shown by a line or arrow in the figure, may include a flow of either heat or cooling and/or their mixtures. Heat and/or cooling may occur in any module(s), system(s) and/or facility(s) in the plan and be transferred to some other module(s), system(s) and/or facility(s). means(s) in plan as shown in FIG. 2 and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to generation, extraction and/or transfer of heat and/or cooling.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term heat storage may mean any process, system, module and/or technical means for storing heat. Heat storage technology may include molten salt, heated oil, underground heat storage, storage in water and/or other liquids, and/or some other process known to those skilled in the art for storing heat. Cooling can be the same as heat storage, except that low temperature materials are stored to provide cooling, such as ice or fluid cooled below freezing, fluid at ambient temperature used to cool the process with

- 15 039936 high temperatures and/or hot fluids.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term thermal process can mean any process associated with the use of heat, whether within or outside the plan. This may include any thermodynamic process and/or thermodynamic cycle.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term thermodynamic process may mean the energetic evolution of a thermodynamic system from an initial state to a final state. It may cover open or closed systems containing systems using the thermodynamic cycle.

The term thermodynamic cycle can mean that a thermodynamic system can be taken through a number of different states and finally returned to its original state. Thermodynamic cycles may include internal and/or external combustion modules. These may include but are not limited to: Rankine cycle, Erickson cycle, Brayton/Joule cycle, gas generator cycle, Atkinson cycle, staged combustion cycle, Miller cycle, Stirling cycle, Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Cycle Kalina, expander cycle, uniform charge compression ignition, organic coolant Rankine cycle, supercritical Rankine cycle, regenerative Rankine cycle, Bell Coleman cycle, hygroscopic cycle, Scuderi cycle, Stoddard cycle, Lenoir cycle, combined cycle, NENS, mixed/double cycle , Barton cycle, Humphrey cycle, combinations of the above and/or other thermodynamic cycles. They may include any or all types of thermodynamic processes, including but not limited to: isobaric, isothermal, isochoric, isentropic, isenthalpic, adiabatic, and/or other processes.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term cogenerated refrigeration or cogeneration may mean cooling that can be produced by a thermal plant, optionally from heat, and optionally from waste heat. It includes any technical means known to those skilled in the art for such conversion. Cogenerated refrigeration may include air conditioning and/or refrigeration simultaneously produced by a thermal plant. Cogeneration may mean obtaining other useful streams from heat (eg, waste heat) in any way known to a person skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term oxy-fuel process may refer to any process in which oxygen can be introduced into the inlet of a combustion process or combustion chambers of some type, e.g. combustion processes plants, an increase in the oxygen content of the gases used for combustion, and/or a decrease in the nitrogen content. Oxy-fuel processes can result in any fraction of oxygen in the combustion air being greater than the ambient air, from less than 1 to about 78%. The resulting spent combustion gases can be generally lower in NOx emissions.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term biomass/water slurry can mean a mixture of water with biomass and/or biofuel.

The treated biomass/water slurry, TBW slurry, or water outlet from the biomass growth module that may be part of the BGM effluent may contain biomass/water slurry that has been discharged from the BGM and has optionally been processed through some additional steps such as tertiary treatment, concentration of biomass, dilution with water from another source, and/or other treatments described herein and/or known to those skilled in the art of preparing for use in other processes (e.g., purification, gasification, processing into biomass products, preparation for use in the process(es) for cooling and/or absorbing heat from a thermal plant and/or for other purposes as specified herein).

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term synergy may mean the working together of two or more elements, especially when the result may be greater than the sum of their individual effects and/or capabilities, and/or when the harmful effects can be reduced, eliminated, and/or converted into benefits of at least one element by using two or more elements together. Synergy may include the use of interactions, connections, infrastructure sharing, resource sharing, and/or communication (eg, heat and/or fluid communication, etc.) between different plan modules.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term waste may mean waste, discarded materials, destroyed materials and/or by-products of any kind. Waste may include municipal municipal waste, demolition waste, construction waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, biomass (e.g. wood waste from timber yards and/or other industrial biomass waste, agricultural waste) and/or other waste materials . Waste may include metal waste, glass, plastic, wood, ceramics, paper, and/or some other material(s).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term Waste Reception or Waste Reception Module or Waste Reception/Recycling or Waste Reception/Recycling Module or Waste Recycling or Recycling/Reception or Waste Recovery/Reception Module or Recycling Module may mean a module in which waste can be transported, accumulated, stored, sorted, processed, compacted, processed into reusable products, subjected to WTE through any number of WTE facilities, disposed of, and/or otherwise treated in any way known a person skilled in the art.

Waste-to-Energy or Waste-to-Energy Module or WTE or WTE Module may mean a module that produces fuel, fuel precursors and/or other products and/or energy in any form from waste, biomass and/or some other material. The WTE module may contain one or more WTE systems and may be included in a thermal installation.

WTE system or waste-to-energy system or WTE or waste-to-energy system (WTE) or waste-to-energy facility or WTE facility may mean a specific type of system and/or facility consisting of a WTE module and/or thermal a plant that produces fuel, fuel precursors and/or other products and/or energy in any form from waste, biomass and/or some other material. Waste-to-energy systems may contain any technical means (technical means) with this characteristic, disclosed in the present description, and / or any other known to a person skilled in the art (for example, a municipal waste incinerator, plasma gasification, cellulosic ethanol, pyrolysis, etc.).

An open Rankine cycle for the purposes of the present invention may mean a power generation system that in most cases reproduces the Rankine cycle, except that, in the first place, the water/steam mixture, which can normally be condensed and returned as a working fluid, can be replaced by a new one. portion of the fluid. An open Rankine cycle may include the use of a treated biomass/water slurry.

Unless otherwise stated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term primary treatment process or primary treatment may refer to the use of methods known to one of skill in the art to prepare water of some kind for incorporation into the BGM and/or prior to secondary treatment. in WWTP, possibly including the removal of solids and/or the addition of chemicals. In the case of a wastewater substrate, primary treatment may include processes typical of primary wastewater treatment, including optional settling, screening, decontamination (eg grate) and/or use of a primary clarifier.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term secondary treatment process or secondary treatment may mean the use of technical means for additional treatment of wastewater after primary treatment, described in this document and/or known to a person skilled in the art, including optionally biological processes to substantially remove dissolved and suspended organic compounds, commonly measured as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand). Secondary wastewater treatment can be performed partially or completely in the BGM and/or in the secondary treatment system in the WWTP. Secondary treatment in BGM can also reduce the nutrient content of the water.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term tertiary treatment process or tertiary treatment may refer to the use of techniques disclosed and/or known to the person skilled in the art to further treat the BGM and/or WWTP effluent after release from the BGM to use the off-fluid of the BGM in various applications, and/or for the BGM and/or release of the WWTP, for example, to the environment. In the case of a wastewater substrate, tertiary treatment may include processes typical of tertiary wastewater treatment (eg, municipal wastewater), including the use of a secondary clarifier, disinfection technology, and/or other technology known to those skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term sludge treatment may mean treatment and/or processing by any means known to those skilled in the art of processing any type of sludge, including optionally a sludge that may be formed in wastewater treatment processes. Sludge treatment may be performed by WWTP and/or BGM and/or may be carried out as a separate process.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term network or this network for the purposes of the present invention may mean an optional connection(s) and/or connection(s) with any characteristics between various optional

- 17 039936 components. When described in connection with a figure, it may not be limited to one large interconnected system, such as an electrical network. Conversely, connections and/or links in a network as defined herein may take the form of one or more separate communication subsystems and/or connections between any two or more modules/units, hardware(s) and/or other component. (components) depicted as a network, if present in certain implementations. Any source, flow, link, and/or connection depicted on the network may remain in a separate subsystem, such as a module, block, or block element, or may be combined with some other source(s) and flow(s) communications from the network and/or other source(s) at some point in the depicted process. For example, water flow, electricity flow, heat flow, etc. may be combined or may be separate flows within a network or between networks.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term residues can mean any part of the material not used in the process, when the process can be carried out with any characteristics, such as biomass, water, sludge, sediment, solvents , chemical residues and/or other materials.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term infrastructure may refer to equipment and/or systems of any kind.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term feed water or feed water may refer to one or more water source(s) used to feed any module and/or process in whole or in part. . Feed water may refer to the source of water supplied to the BGM, BGU, growth unit element, and/or some other component of the BGU.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term solar heat may mean a facility or module containing one or more facilities for producing, storing and/or distributing energy in any form using heat, emitted by sunlight (for example, solar towers, solar concentrators, etc.).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term solar pool may refer to any structure and/or area in which water can be stored, transported and/or circulated and exposed to sunlight, artificial light and/or ambient heat and/or cooling. A solar pool may contain a reservoir(s), a pool(s), a fountain(s), a lake(s), a stream(s), a channel(s) and/or other water bodies with any characteristics by which water can absorb energy from sunlight and/or heat and/or ambient cooling.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term co-located may mean adjacent or close. Co-located can mean two elements within 0.1 km or within 0.5 km or within 1 km or within 2 km or within 5 km or within 10 km or within 20 km from each other or at some other distance that provides a practical contribution to the benefits of communication, sharing of infrastructure and/or components, and/or other interaction between various modules, systems, facilities and/or other elements of the plan. Co-located may mean one or more systems, or one or more modules, one or more units, and/or one or more unit elements located or incorporated, or moved, or placed in a location in which one or more systems or one or more modules, one or more blocks and/or one or more block elements may be within a circle with a radius of about 0.01 to 20 km, or about 0.01 to 10 km, or about 0.01 to 8 km, or about 0.01 to 5 km or about 0.01 to 2.5 km or about 0.01 to 2 km or about 0.01 to 1 km or about 0.01 to 0.2 km, or about 0.01 to 0.1 km, or about 0.01 km to 0.03 km, or about 0.02 to 0.1 km, or about 0.03 to 0.1 km, or about 0.04 to 0.1 km, or some other distance that provides a practical contribution to the benefits of communication, infrastructure and/or component sharing, and/or other interaction between different modules, systems, technical means and/or other elements of the plan.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term pack or pack or pack or refer to water, biomass products and/or fuel (e.g. from a refinery, VRPP and/or other module in VRRR) may include drying, cleaning, bottling, cask filling, canning, chemical treatment, sterilization, rolling, pressing, cutting, granulating, boxing, containerizing, compressing, sealing and placing in tanks and/or other means to prepare products for storage, withdrawal and/or marketing.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term technical means or type of technical means may mean a method, skill, method, process and/or equipment that can be used to achieve a goal. The term technical

- 18 039936 the tool can be used descriptively by itself and/or as part of a compound noun to describe and/or illustrate the technical tool used in the plan, or in a particular module of the plan. For example, a desalination facility or a desalination facility or the like may refer to a facility used for desalination. In the figures of the description, the word technology may be omitted, but this term can still be understood to describe the variant of the technology in the figure. For example, the pyrolysis facility may be referred to simply as "pyrolysis" in the figure, and may be one facility, optionally included in a thermal plant in certain embodiments.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term component may mean a part or element of a larger whole. A component may mean a part of a module, block, element of a block, or technical means. A component can also mean a technical device.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term hot mirror/other selective reflector may mean a hot mirror and/or some other technique known to those skilled in the art that is capable of selectively reflecting certain wavelengths of light, and, optional, skip others.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term blue light can mean light with a wavelength, predominantly in the blue range of the visible spectrum, approximately 380-500 nm.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term red light can mean light with a wavelength, predominantly in the red range of the visible spectrum, approximately 620-750 nm.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term "solvent" and/or solvents may mean one or more of the substances that dissolve the solute.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term ambient air may mean air from the local environment. This could mean air from the enclosure (for example, air inside a module or building).

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term air treatment/odor control module or air quality maintenance plan may mean a plan for treatment, disinfection, deodorization, sanitation, circulation and other management of the flow and use of air in a plan, for example in Fig. 13.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term optional odor controlled air or optional odor controlled air can refer to an outgoing air stream that may be the product of air treatment/smell control prior to its introduction into a process (processes). ) combustion of thermal installation 1326.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term air purification or air purification module may mean a module and/or a technical means in an air purification module containing any means known to specialists in the field of purification, deodorization , disinfection and/or otherwise improve air quality.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term air storage may mean any method disclosed herein or known to those skilled in the art of air storage, including the optional storage of air in a container at atmospheric pressure and/ or storage in pressurized tanks.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and or claims, the term landfill may mean a place for the disposal of waste by landfill. A landfill may include a municipal waste landfill, a hazardous waste landfill, a mixed waste landfill, a landfill used for waste management (e.g. temporary storage, compaction, sorting, movement, treatment and/or reuse), and/or other the type of polygon(s) known to those skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term landfill gases may refer to landfill gases containing carbon dioxide and/or combustible chemicals such as methane. Landfill gases can also be called biogas or carbon dioxide. The landfill gases may also include equipment for collecting, concentrating, purifying and/or treating and delivering the landfill gases in any manner known to the person skilled in the art, prepared for useful applications such as combustion and/or use of carbon dioxide.

Unless otherwise specified or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term light oil may mean an oil that may be of a lower density than water. The light oil may contain other materials.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term heavy oil may mean oil, which may be of greater density than water. The heavy oil may contain other materials containing optional solids and/or residues of some sort.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term plasma can mean plasma gasification or plasma gasification technology.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term secured or stores can mean secured or stored or intended to be stored or intended to be provided. The term provided may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to provide something and/or receive and/or store what can be provided.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term directional may mean directional or intended to be steered. The term directed may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to direct something and/or receive and/or provide what can be directed.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term served or serves can mean delivered or delivered or intended to be delivered or intended to be delivered. The term served may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to provide something and/or receive and/or provide what can be served.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term store or storage, or storage unit, or storage module may mean a place of storage or accumulation. The term may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to store what can be stored or accumulated.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term manufactured or manufactures may mean manufactured or intended to be manufactured, or the term may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or the block element can be configured to produce and/or receive and/or provide what can be produced.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term processed or processes may mean processed or intended to be processed. The term may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to process something and/or receive and/or provide what can be processed.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term routed or routable may mean routable or intended to be routed. The term routed may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to route something and/or receive and/or provide what can be routed.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term reserved or reserves may mean redundant or designed to be redundant. The term reserved may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to reserve something and/or receive and/or provide what can be reserved.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term fuel or refueling can mean refueling or refueling. The term may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to receive and/or provide what may be a fuel.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term regenerable or regenerates may mean regenerable or intended to be regenerated. The term may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to regenerate something and/or obtain and/or provide something that can be regenerated.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term sent or sends may mean sentable or intended to be sent. The term may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to send something and/or receive and/or provide what can be sent.

- 20 039936

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term manufactured or manufactures may mean made with the possibility of production or intended for production. The term can mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to produce something and/or receive and/or provide what can be produced.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term released or releases may mean releaseable or intended for release. The term released may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to release something and/or receive and/or provide what can be released.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term delivered or delivers may mean delivered or intended to be delivered. The term delivered may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to deliver something and/or receive and/or provide what can be delivered.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term combustible or combustible may mean combustible or intended to be combusted. The term combustible may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to burn a fuel or substance and/or obtain and/or provide something that can be burned.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term "removable" or "removable" can mean "removable" or "removable". The term remote may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to remove something and/or receive and/or provide what can be removed.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present specification and/or claims, the term transmitted or conveys may mean transferable or intended to be transferred. The term transmits can mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to transmit something and/or receive and/or provide what can be transmitted.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term used or uses may mean made with the possibility of use or intended for use. The term used may mean, in the case of a module, block, or block element, that the module, block, or block element can be configured to use something and/or receive and/or provide something that can be used.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term mixture or mixing or mixed can mean combining in any way, or the state of combining in any way.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in this specification and/or claims, the term trench may mean a ditch including a long narrow ditch or area dug, prepared, supported for the installation of pipelines, electrical lines and/or other infrastructure. A trench may mean an area dug out and then filled in after the installation of pipelines, electrical lines and/or other infrastructure.

Unless otherwise indicated or defined in the present description and/or claims, the term automation or automation with controls or automated system with controls or automated system with flow controls can mean a system, optionally computer controlled, configured to measure and /or control of any conditions, process, flow, inlet, outlet in terms of (e.g., temperature, pH, gas content, flow rate(s), density, dissolved solids, contaminant concentrations, nutrient levels, light intensity salinity and/or other measurable characteristics), receiving data, processing it optionally by a computer, optionally using artificial intelligence or other adaptive controls to determine if adjustments to any operating parameters are needed, sending one or more signals to one or more systems that then make one or more physical adjustments to the operating parameters of the plan (e.g., changing the flow rate of fluids, releasing materials, starting, speeding up or slowing down a process or facility, directing materials to storage and/or another module, and /or other operational adjustments of modules, blocks, elements of blocks, technical means and / or connections that make up the plan).

Abbreviations:

TBW slurry - processed biomass/water slurry

WW (Wastewater) - wastewater

- 21 039936

WWT (Wastewater Treatment) - wastewater treatment

WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Plant) - wastewater treatment plant (traditional, e.g. using active sludge as a secondary treatment - not based on bacterial biomass)

WWTP/BGM or BGM/WWTP means BGM and/or WWTP.

WWTP/BGU or BGU/WWTP means BGU and/or WWTP.

TR (thermal plant) - thermal plant

WTE (Waste-to-Energy Technology) - a technical means of converting waste into energy

HTR (Hydrothermal Processing) - hydrothermal processing

CHG (Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification) - catalytic hydrothermal gasification

HTL (Hydrothermal Liquefaction) - hydrothermal liquefaction

HTC (Hydrothermal Carbonization) - hydrothermal carbonization

IST (In situ Transesterification) - in situ transesterification RTP Rapid Thermal Processing - fast heat treatment

CO2 - carbon dioxide

DP (Desalination Plant) - desalination plant

WWRR (Water Bottling/Biomass Product Bottling/Packaging Plant) - plant for bottling water/bottling/packaging biomass products

BRR (Biomass Processing Plant) - plant for processing biomass / - the slash symbol can mean and / or. When separated, the names of modules and/or functions may mean either one or both modules and/or functions before or after the slash, either individual modules and/or functions and/or modules and/or functions, optionally with some shared infrastructure and/or system.

BRC (Biofuel Research Center) - Biofuel Research Center BGM (Biomass Growth Module) - Biomass Growth Module

BGM/WWTP or BGM and/or WWTP - BGM, WWTP, or both, possibly interconnected, and/or possibly sharing some infrastructure in common.

BGU (Biomass Growth Unit) - biomass growing unit

WWTBGU (Wastewater Treatment BGU) - BGU for wastewater treatment

FWBGU (Fresh Water BGU) - Fresh water BGU

MFWBGU (Mixed Fresh Water BGU) - BGU of mixed fresh water

SWBGU (Saltwater BGU) - Saltwater BGU

BWBGU (Brackish Water BGU) - brackish water BGU

BGU/WWTP or BGU and/or WWTP - BGU, WWTP, or both, possibly interconnected, and/or possibly sharing some infrastructure in common.

Implementation of the invention

Aspects, features and advantages of several exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be better understood in view of the following description in connection with the accompanying drawing(s). Specialists in this field should be obvious that the described embodiments of the present invention, presented in this document, can only be illustrative and not having a restrictive nature, presented only as an example. All features disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Therefore, numerous other embodiments of its modifications can be considered as included in the scope of the present invention, as defined herein, and its equivalents. Thus, the use of absolute terms such as, for example, will, will not, must, must not, should, and should not be intended to limit the scope of the present invention, as the embodiments disclosed herein are exemplary.

The word exemplary is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as exemplary may not necessarily be construed as exclusive, preferred, or advantageous over other aspects. An example could be eg. or for example.

In the accompanying drawings and figures, frames can be understood as illustrating one or more module(s), block(s), block element(s), hardware(s), component(s), process(es), input(s), output(s), function(s) and/or other element(s) of the invention. Any line connecting to the frame indicates an optionally controlled connection or connection, such as electronic, fluid, gas, heat, energy, light, and the like. If an arrow is pointing along a line, the arrow indicates a link or optional link in that direction along the line. Such a link in the indicated direction may include such a link in the opposite direction. If a line or arrow can be connected to or extended to or from a box, the connection may include such a connection to any auxiliary module, block element, facility, component, or other element,

- 22 039936 represented by a frame. If a line or arrow can be connected to or extended to or from any particular facility or element shown in the box, that connection is related to that particular facility or element. Any designated connection or connection may include any connection or connection means known to those skilled in the art, or any other means described herein. For example, liquids or gases may be distributed among various modules or systems using such technologies as pumps, piping, blowers, sprinklers, valves, and/or any other technology known to those skilled in the art that may be suitable for this purpose. Any such connection or connection may be direct, or may also include controlled flow, storage, and/or modification of some kind to any one or more components, involving communication in any manner known to those skilled in the art, for such a connection. For example, a water message may be processed to remove contaminants, biomass or other chemicals, storage, dilution, concentration, addition of chemicals, temperature and/or pH changes, phase changes, and/or some other modification in ways known in the art. prior to such communication, and/or the flow may be controlled by an automated computerized flow control system using sensors, valves, storage systems and/or any other technical means known to those skilled in the art to control the flow. Sensors can measure various parameters in one module and trigger an action in another module. For example, temperature, pH, nutrient content, turbidity, carbon dioxide content, oxygen content and/or any other measurements in the BGM can be used to automatically start (e.g. using a computerized industrial control system adapted to the purpose) what - either input to and/or output from some other module, for example in terms of (eg heat, cooling, water, nutrients, carbon dioxide, oxygen, chemicals and/or other inputs and/or outputs). All other modules and/or types of hardware, for example, in plan, may have similar controls that can trigger inputs from other modules and/or outputs to other modules. Modules, block-in-block elements, hardware types, and other elements shown as boxes in the figures may also be optional, and all depicted modules and/or hardware types may not be present in any implementation, such as a plan. The modules and/or hardware depicted and/or described herein may include any one or more of the hardware known to those skilled in the art and/or any other variations or modifications of those hardware which are described in this document. Where boxes can be drawn within other boxes, boxes within can be set to illustrate one or more modules, blocks, block elements, facilities, components, processes, inputs, outputs, elements, and/or other elements of the invention, optionally contained within the framework that contains them. Where a particular facility, process, module, or other element may be indicated in any box, it may be understood that they are present only in an embodiment of the disclosed plan and may be illustrated in a specific figure to demonstrate a connection or other relationship. a specific element shown in the plan, when it is available in any implementation that includes this individual element. When more than one specific element illustrating the technical means of the module can be depicted on a figure, module or frame, any element depicted is generally optional, for example, independent of the other, or that two or more should be present in which - either implementation option; except in the sense that in certain implementations there is a relationship and/or connection between them, there may be two or more to establish such a relationship and/or connection. Modules shown in any drawing or figure depicting any one or more elements may be illustrative only, and any module according to the present invention may contain any other element consistent with the definition of such a module in other implementations. , and will not be limited to any exemplary technique or combination of techniques listed in the box of such module in any drawing or figure. When described in connection with any figure, the term network or this network for the purposes of the present invention means an optional connection (s) and/or connection (s) with any characteristics between various optional components. This does not necessarily mean one large interconnected system such as an electrical grid. Conversely, connections and/or network connections as defined herein may mean one or more separate communication subsystems and/or connections between any two or more modules/units, hardware(s) and/or other component ( components) depicted as a network, if present in certain implementations. Any source, stream, message and/or connection depicted on the network may remain in a separate subsystem, or may be combined with some other source(s) and/or stream(s) from the network and/or other source (sources) at any stage of the depicted process.

- 23 039936

With reference to FIG. 28, the invention includes new connections, links and/or synergies between different types of facilities, some of which may be generally unrelated, such as a thermal plant, WWTP, a biomass growing module, a sludge treatment plant, a refinery and/or BRR (Downflow Recycling Plant), WWRR (Food Packaging Plant), Waste Recycling/Reuse Center, Desalination Plant, Solar Thermal Facilities and Other Processes for the Production of Electricity, Fuels, Products and for Efficient Recovery and Reuse waste heat, water, carbon dioxide, air and/or other gases, pressure, waste biomass, solvents and/or other materials. In order to create additional outputs, efficiency or synergy, additional optional technical means and/or modules can be added to the scheme, for example, a prototype drawing. The prototype drawing embodies a non-limiting high-level implementation of the plan, containing a variety of technical means and/or connections, connections, or synergies that can constitute a plan, which can be further illustrated in subsets or subsystems of the plan in FIG. 1-25.

Fig. 1-28 may depict various non-limiting designs that may include certain facilities, process flows, connections, connections, synergies, and/or other plan elements.

With reference to FIG. 1, part of the plan can be presented in more detail. For example, circuit 100 includes a water supply, such as a salt and/or fresh water supply (which may or may not contain wastewater) 160, which may optionally be processed in a primary treatment module 104. A primary treatment module 104 may optionally provide a sludge 128 for the module gasification module, such as CHG module or anaerobic autoclave 125, and supply primary treated water to BGM 110. Residues 124 may optionally be fed to BGM 110 after processing sludge 128 and/or other inputs in gasification module 125. Thermal plant 108 in an embodiment burns carbon fuel, such as biofuel 106 provided by BGM 110, which may optionally be processed 102. Biogas 127 from gasification module 125, which may optionally be processed 131, and/or biofeedstock and/or other biofuels 106, obtained from BGM effluent 117 obtained through optional processing steps such as tertiary treatment 114, gravity thickener, and/or other methods of concentration and/or separation of biomass from water, and/or dilution 118, refiner 120, optionally further processed (eg, to prepare an outlet for use in a thermal plant and/or for output) 136 and/or optionally by heat recovery 135, where the recovered heat can be reused, for example, in a plan, such as in FIG. 2, and combustion of any one or more of these fuels may supply carbon dioxide 119 to BGM 110. Thermal plant 108 may provide energy for BGM 110, refinery 120, and/or optionally bioprocessing unit 136 132 and/or other elements. plan if available, for example, Fig. 1 and/or other figures in this document. BGM 110 optionally feeds tertiary treatment module 114, which optionally recirculates tertiary treatment effluent 112 back to BGM 110. Biomass and water slurry 116 may be discharged from tertiary treatment module 114 into a module including an optional gravity thickener and/or other methods. , for example, to concentrate, separate components and/or dilute the suspension 118 biomass/water. Module 118, containing an optional gravity thickener and/or other units/methods for concentrating, separating components, and/or diluting biomass/water slurry 116, feeds treated biomass/water slurry 130 to refiner 120 and/or gasification module 125. Refiner 120 may also receive and/or process other biomass and/or waste from other sources 161 and/or optionally residues 133 from optional BPP 146. Any residues 122 from processing by refiner 120 may be returned to gasification module 125. Any water 150 discharged from the refiner 120 may optionally be fed into the heat/pressure/energy recovery unit(s) 152, with the recovered heat being used, for example, in plan (e.g., in FIGS. 2 and 23) and chilled. water 154 sent for water reuse, for example, in plan 156 (for example, in Fig. 3). A module containing an optional gravity thickener and/or other methods of concentrating, separating components, and/or diluting the biomass/water slurry 118 may optionally feed the water/biomass slurry and/or biomass-containing extract 142 to the optional WPP (downward process unit) 146 to provide biomass products 147 (see below), which can be optionally packaged in an optional WWPP (bottling and packaging machine) 144, and water, heat and/or carbon dioxide 148 suitable for processing and use, for example, in plan ( for example, Fig. 2, 3 and / or 4) 149. Water 115 can also be collected through the water stream 115 from the tertiary processing module 114, and water 148 can also be collected through the water stream 140 from the gravity thickener and / or other methods of concentration /separation and/or dilution of biomass and water 118 for processing, processing and reuse, for example, in plan, for example, FIG. 2, 3, 4, 149. Heating and/or cooling 134 may be provided from thermal plant 108, optionally for biofuel processing module 102, BGM 110, gasification module 125, refiner 120, optionally BPP 146, products biomass 147 (eg, storage) and/or optional WWPP 144, and/or for other purposes, for example, in the plan (eg in Fig. 2). Water 143 can also be obtained from the desalination plant 145, which also produces brine 141.

As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 100 comprising a biomass growth module (BGM) 110 and optionally a thermal plant module 108, optionally producing an exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide 119, optionally fueling the BGM 110; wherein the thermal unit 108 is optionally configured to be fueled by the BGM effluent 117 from the BGM 110; moreover, the exhaust fluid 117 BGM is optionally cleaned 120 in whole or in part, optionally by heat 134 from the module 108 of the thermal installation; and/or while the exhaust gas 119 may optionally provide a significant portion of the carbon content in the exhaust fluid 117 BGM. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the BGM 110 is configured to supply BGM feed water 160, which is optionally pre-treated and contains salt water 160; fresh water 160; water 160 with high salinity; sewage 160; any source of water 160 from the plan (for example, Fig. 3); other type(s) of water 160; and/or a combination thereof 160. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which BGM feedwater 160 is optionally treated in a primary treatment process 104, also referred to as primary treatment, prior to being fed to BGM 110. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which process 104 primary processing includes cleaning of mechanical impurities; sifting; precipitation; adding chemicals and/or other means to prepare water for incorporation into BGM 110. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which sludge 128 from primary treatment process 104 is optionally fed to gasification module 125. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the BGM 110 is configured to produce a biofuel 106, with the biofuel 106 feeding the thermal unit 108 either directly or after an additional treatment 102, optionally including drying, separation from water, for example, steam stripping , for example, Fig. 21, purification, addition of chemicals and/or blending with other fuels and/or gases and/or other processing steps known to those skilled in the art of preparing biofuels for use as fuel in a thermal plant. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which BGM effluent 117 is optionally treated prior to optional fueling of thermal unit 108, and BGM effluent 117 is optionally fed to gasification module 125, BPP module 146, and/or WWPP module 144 , wherein the BGM effluent 117 is processed by the tertiary processing module 114; gravity thickener 118 or other methods such as filtration, screening, coagulation, centrifugation, settling, flocculation, bioflocculation, flotation (including dissolved air and hydrogen), gravity settling, gravity thickener, cell disruption, bacterial extraction (e.g. bacterial biomass treatment process eg see http://www.solevbio.com/extractor-bacteria.htmL, incorporated herein by reference and by reference); ultrasound, microwave treatment, solvent, cold press, interesterification, evaporation, electrophoresis, electroflotation, adsorption, ultrafiltration, isolation, chromatography, crystallization, dehydration, lyophilization, drying, sterilization, hydrothermal treatment and/or other methods suitable for processing biomass and/or or biofuels known to the person skilled in the art (for example, see Pandey, Ashok, Lee, Duu-Jong, and Chisti, Yusuf, eds. Biofuels from Algae. Amsterdam, NLD: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2013. 85-110. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 16 September 2015., incorporated herein by reference and by reference, and Shelef, G., A. Sukenik, and M. Green. Microalgae harvesting and processing: a literature review. No. SERUSTR-231- 2396. Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd., Haifa (Israel), 1984, incorporated herein by reference and by reference, and/or Shelef et al., incorporated in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62173905, Priority Document of this description, filed on June 10, 2015 as an appendix to the description, also incorporated herein in its entirety by reference and on its basis); dilution module 118; refiner module 120; a heat recovery module 135 for plan use, such as in FIG. 2; and/or processing 136, optionally including purification, addition of chemicals (e.g., to stabilize biofeeds and/or biofuels), blending with other fuels, and/or any other processing steps known to those skilled in the art of preparing biofeeds 132 and/or biofuel 132 for use in the module 108 thermal installation. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the tertiary treatment module 114 is configured to feed the biomass/water slurry 116 to the gravity thickener, or other methods 118 known to those skilled in the art (e.g., Shelef, et al., 1984 and Pandey et al., 2013, pp. 85-110) to concentrate, separate and/or dilute the 117 BGM effluent. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which thermal unit module 108 is configured to optionally provide heat and/or cooling 134 to: refiner module 120; module 146 BRR; products

- 25 039936 biomass 147; module 144 WWRR; BGM 110; module 125 gasification; processing 102 biofuels 106; and/or desalination module 145. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which water 115 resulting from tertiary treatment 114 is sent for water reuse 149 in a plan, such as in FIG. 3, and/or optional recycling 112 to BGM 110. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a gravity thickener or other methods known to those skilled in the art (e.g., Shelef, et al., 1984 and Pandey et al. , 2013, pp. 85-110) for concentrating, separating and/or diluting 118 effluent fluid 117 BGM include the output of water, biomass and/or extract 142; output of treated biomass/water slurry 130 (also referred to as BGM effluent); and/or water outlet 140 . An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any portion of the treated biomass/water slurry 130 is sent to the refiner module 120; and/or module 125 gasification. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biomass water and/or an extract 142 of them is fed into the BRR module 146. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the output of water 140 from a gravity thickener, or other methods known to a person skilled in the art (for example, Shelef, et al., 1984 and Pandey et al., 2013, pp. 85- 110) to concentrate, separate, and/or dilute 118 the effluent 117 BGM is sent for water reuse 149 in a plan, such as FIG. 3. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the VRPP module 146 contains: biomass product outputs 147, optionally sent to the VRRR module 144; outputs 148 of heat, water, and/or carbon dioxide, optionally routed for reuse 149 in a plan, such as FIG. 2, 3 and/or 4; and/or residues 133, optionally sent to refiner module 120. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 120 receives optional inputs selected from: other biomass source(s) 161; other waste 161; and/or pressure 132. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 120 has optional outputs selected from: biofeedstock 132; biofuels 132; water 150 and/or residues 122. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biofeedstock 132 and/or biofuel 132 outputs from refiner module 120 serve in whole or in part as a BGM effluent effluent stream that optionally outputs fuel module 108 thermal installation. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biofeedstock 132 and/or biofuel 132 outputs from refinery module 120 are subjected to additional steps selected from the following prior to optional fueling of thermal plant module 108: heat recovery module 135 for plan use, for example , fig. 2; and/or processing 136, optionally including purification, addition of chemicals (for example, to stabilize biofeeds and/or biofuels), blending with other fuels, and/or any other processing steps known to those skilled in the art to prepare biofeeds 132 and/or biofuels 132 for use in the module 108 thermal installation. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 120 produces residue 122, which is optionally sent to gasification module 125. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the gasification module 125 provides a biogas outlet 127. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the biogas outlet 127 is optionally further subjected to a treatment 131, optionally including drying, dewatering, purification, addition chemicals and/or mixing with other fuels and/or gases and/or other processing steps known to those skilled in the art of preparing biogas as a fuel in a thermal plant. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the biogas outlet 127 optionally partially or completely fuels the thermal unit 108 with fuel. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the gasification module 125 provides a residue outlet 124. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the residue outlet 124 is fed to BGM 110. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the water outlet 120 of the module 150 of the refiner is sent to an optional heat recovery module 152, such as FIG. 2 and/or to a pressure recovery module 152, such as in FIG. 23. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which, for example, in FIG. 2 heat recovery module 152 and/or pressure recovery module 152, for example in FIG. 23 produces a water outlet 154, the water being recycled 156 in plan, for example in FIG. 3. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the thermal unit module 108 optionally provides energy for the plan. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the desalination module 145 creates water outlets 143 and/or brine 141. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the water outlet 143 is sent to the WWPP module 144 for packaging. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the output of brine 141 is discharged either diluted or undiluted from other water sources in a plan, such as FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 100 comprising a BPP module 146 combined with a BPP module 144. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which BPP module 146 provides biomass and/or product output stream(s) 147

- 26 039936 biomass to WWRR module 144. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which BPP module 146 receives inputs: water 142; biomass 142; extract 142; heat 134; and/or any combination of the above. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the following elements are regenerated from BRR module 146: heat 148; carbon dioxide 148; water 148; and/or residues 133. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which residues, for example 122, 124, 133, may contain any part of the material not used in the process or module, including optionally biomass; water; sucks; sediment; solvent(s) and/or chemical residues. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which residues 133 are sent to refiner module 120. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which WWRR module 144 receives heat input 134. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat 134 is provided by thermal unit 108. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which thermal unit module 108 and WWRR module 144 are combined.

As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 100 in which any two or more of the following are combined: thermal unit 108; BGM 110; refiner module 120; module 125 gasification; module 146 BRR; module 144 WWRR; and/or a desalination module 145, the modules operatively interacting with each other and may exchange heat, biomass, water, carbon dioxide, residues, and/or other resources and/or by-products as described in the plan. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any one or more modules: thermal installation module 108; BGM 110; refiner module 120; module 125 gasification; module 146 BRR; WWRR module 144 and/or desalination module 145 is a modified module. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biomass from any source(s) be processed by: refiner module 120; module 125 gasification and/or module 146 BRR. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which residues can be sent from any of these modules to any other (others) for processing: module 108 thermal installation; BGM 110; refiner module 120; module 125 gasification; module 146 BRR; WWRR module 144 and/or desalination module 145. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which processed fuels can be fed as fuels to thermal plant module 108 either directly and/or with additional processing, processing and/or heat recovery.

As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for integrating thermal plant 108 and BGM 110, including: providing system 100 and obtaining biomass in BGM 110. The embodiment of the invention includes a method further including processing biomass into biofuel. An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including delivering biomass to a thermal plant 108. An embodiment of the invention further includes delivering biofuel to a thermal plant 108. An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including burning the biomass in a thermal plant 108. An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including delivering exhaust gas 119 of thermal plant 108 to BGM 110. An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including processing biomass into non-fuel products. An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including removing contaminants from exhaust gas from thermal plant 108.

As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for integrating a thermal unit module 108; BGM 110; module 120 refiner; module 125 gasification; module 146 BRR; module 144 WWRR and/or desalination module 145, including providing the system according to item 37, in which one or more of the module 108 thermal installation; BGM 110; module 120 refiner; module 125 gasification; module 146 VVR; WWRR module 144 and/or desalination module 145 is a modified module; and integrating one or more modified modules into one or more networks, the networks being in operative communication with each other. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the functional connection includes the exchange of: heat; biomass; water; carbon dioxide; leftovers; and/or other resources and/or by-products between one or more modified modules and/or one or more networks.

In one embodiment, the disclosed circuitry and/or methods, such as those shown in FIG. 2 can provide high performance, eg, substantially adiabatic, use of energy, eg, wasted energy vented from a thermal plant. For example, many thermal power plants require significant cooling in order to generate power. Energy from thermal power plants or other industrial installations, such as steel mills, may include heat that can be used in a thermal process, optionally including a thermodynamic process or a thermodynamic cycle such as the Rankine cycle, using a working fluid to absorb and release heat to produce electricity , which can be defined here as the primary heat of the process in these systems, but is different

- 27 039936 part of the thermal energy can often be lost and released into the environment, where the energy may not be used to control other processes, for example, heat removed to cool the working fluid in a thermodynamic cycle. Some of the heat generated and often discarded in this way may be referred to as wasted energy or waste heat. The amount of waste heat generated in thermal power plants typically ranges between 40 and 75% of the fuel's heat content. For example: A simple cycle power plant produces about 51-67% of waste heat. A combined cycle power plant produces about 35-50% of the waste heat. Oil-fired and coal-fired generators produce approximately 56-72% of waste heat. Nuclear power plants produce approximately 55-70% of waste heat. Most heat recovery systems can be designed to recover approximately 15-20% of the waste heat, which can often be used exclusively for secondary power generation, and the remaining waste heat can simply be released into the environment, which is actually wasteful, and often harmful. environment. The disclosed integrated infrastructure plan, such as FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or description relating to selection and/or heat transfer, not only have the standard heat recovery technology for power generation, but also make efficient use of all waste heat, from higher waste heat temperatures to lower waste heat temperatures that may not be suitable for power generation. All above-ambient heat sources can be applied in an innovative and extremely productive way, e.g. in terms of biomass/biofuel purification, BGM heating for temperature optimization, other low temperature energy generation, waste recycling/packaging, desalination and/or others targets, such as Fig. 2. In an embodiment of the invention, the heat used in the processes and/or systems according to the present invention may be a combination of raw heat and waste heat in any proportion, for example from 1/50 to 1/1 or from 1/10 to 3 /1, or 1/5 to 5/1, or all waste heat, or all primary heat. In some cases, primary process heat may be replaced, used simultaneously, and/or used to augment waste heat, such as for the applications of FIG. 2 and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to the use of heat. In addition, cooling from any source can be used in the same way, and cooling can be co-generated from any heat source and/or recovered heat, for example, in terms of any technical means known to those skilled in the art, especially using waste and/or primary process heat from a thermal plant, and cooling can be used, for example in the plan, in the same way as heat, for example in FIG. 2 and in other ways beneficial to the plan, such as for refrigeration (eg, biomass products produced under the plan), building conditioning, biomass purification, and/or other uses, such as in FIG. 2. Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, the process and/or system of the described plan and method can take from about 10 to 90%, or from 15 to 85%, or from 20 to 70%, or from 30 to 60%, or from 40 to 50% waste heat from a thermal plant and optionally heating and/or cooling generated and/or recovered from any of the modules, such as in FIG. 2 and use it in the manner and/or manner described.

In an embodiment, such as in FIG. 1 and/or 14, biomass products requiring bottling may be bottled in a combined water bottling/biomass product bottling/packaging (BBPP) plant. In one embodiment, solid biomass products and/or biomass products in oil can also be packed on this machine.

Depending on the type of biomass used, some fuels can be produced directly from biomass in the biomass growing module. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 10, these fuels can be separated from the water in the biomass growing module, either by evaporation or other means, and can be used directly as a fuel and/or further processed and then used as a fuel for a thermal plant and/or other purposes. These fuels may follow the process path shown at 106 and 102 of FIG. 1, 10, and/or may be sent to the refinery and/or WWPP and/or WWPP.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, 3, 5 and/or 6, salt water, high salinity salt water, fresh water, waste water (partially treated or untreated) and/or other types of water can be used either in separate biomass growing units, and/or combined , if necessary, in certain BGUs, and/or individual elements of a BGU within a BGM, and/or multiple variants of a BGU may be used simultaneously and/or sequentially. A further illustration of the various optional BGUs and their components is shown in FIG. 6 and described in this document.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 9, an exemplary biomass purification process that can be used is a hydrothermal treatment (HTP) process known as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Fig. 9 illustrates an example

- 28 039936 HTL execution process. This liquefaction process typically results in the production of biofeedstock and water. In the first step, the biomass/water slurry can be treated by a tertiary treatment, optionally by concentration with a gravity thickener 2, and/or by other concentration method known to the person skilled in the art, such as centrifugation, and/or can be diluted with water from any source. The biomass grown in the biomass growing module containing water and/or biomass/water slurry can then be heated with a thermal plant and subjected to in situ NTR and/or the heated mixture can be sent to a refinery where it can be fed into hydrothermal liquefaction module.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 6, heat and/or power can be supplied to the HTP module by a thermal plant and/or a separate heating process that can be powered by a thermal plant. After completion of the hydrothermal treatment, the HTP module can release the products of the process, for example, for HTL or RTP, as a rule, mainly biofeedstock and water; for CHG, biogas. The STD module can be a fixed container of any design or a moving transport device with any characteristics in which STD is performed, depending on design preferences. It may use a batch method, constant flow, discontinuous flow, and/or other flow method. The biofeedstock may be used directly as a fuel source for a thermal plant and/or may be further dehydrated and/or purified and then used as a fuel source for a thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments, such as in FIG. 1 and/or 6, WWTP or any of its components may be configured to be used as a BGM or to support a BGM. WWTP pools are generally too deep to be optimal for biomass growth such as algae. WWTP pools can be filled to provide smaller pools suitable for aquatic biomass and agitation and/or carbon dioxide source can be added, as in a water pipe design. Alternatively, lighting can be added below the surface of the pool to illuminate the depth of WWTP pools to make them suitable for growing biomass such as algae. If beneficial, WWTP pools and/or other structures may be used to contain water that is in contact with the BGM or any of its components to control the temperature of the BGM or any of its components. For example, BGU bioreactors can be fully or partially submerged or otherwise brought into contact with pools (eg, float on the surface) that are currently in use, or have been used in the past, as part of a WWTP, to create a more stable temperature in the bioreactor. In addition, WWTP pools and/or other structures can be heated or cooled using heat or cooling generated in the thermal plant and/or from other sources in the plan (for example, Fig. 3) to optimize the BGM or any of its components. . Any of these WWTP adaptations to support BGM may be used with active WWTPs, to the extent practicable, or with those that have been converted to BGM and are no longer used as WWTPs.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 6 and a description relating to the operation and layout of the BGU, regardless of the design and/or operation of the biomass growth module(s), including embodiments that include a photosynthesis process, no photosynthesis, and/or a combination of biomass growth processes, the design may comprise structures for partially blocking, redirecting, filtering, concentrating and/or otherwise modifying light introduced into the biomass growth module or individual BGUs and/or BGU components. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, the photosynthetic bioreactor used to grow biomass using light is also designed to grow an organism or organisms in the dark, by selectively blocking and/or filtering sunlight at predetermined times and/or in response to detected conditions, and selectively unblocking and/or removing such sunlight filters at other times and/or other detected and/or selected conditions. Different wavelengths of light can also be filtered out when beneficial (eg in FIG. 8), either using equipment outside the bioreactor and/or by modifying the bioreactor itself (eg, the bioreactor coating is configured to selectively filter light).

In one or more embodiments, such as in FIG. 1, 2 and/or 3, discharge of salt water BGU or biomass/water slurry or treated biomass/water slurry from post-BGM post-treatment steps as noted in FIG. 1 containing biomass and/or salt water with biofuels can operate essentially without primary and/or tertiary treatment, and/or can be used in the same methods and/or systems as described for other BGU discharges in the plan, including use as cooling water in a thermal installation; performing hydrothermal treatment (HTP); preheating for NTR and/or other biomass processing facilities. If the BGU is heated in any way, the heat can be recovered prior to exhaust by one of the methods described in this document. Once the biomass and/or other uses of the plan have been obtained, the used salt water may be mixed and released with the optional desalination plant brine outlet, which provides the effect of somewhat diluting the brine outlet, or may be reclaimed and used as outlined in plan (see

fig. 3).

In one or more embodiments, such as FIG. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11 and/or 14, a water bottling/biomass/packaging bottling (BBPP) plant can optionally be added as part of the plan. In one or more embodiments of the invention, any one or more of the components within the WWPP may be used (eg, only water bottling, only biomass bottling, and/or only other types of biomass packaging). Water bottling lines can be used for bottled treated drinking water produced from DP.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11 and/or 14, desalinated water used for bottling water may require additional disinfection prior to bottling. Heat from a thermal plant and/or some other source(s) in the plan (see FIG. 2) can be used for this purpose and/or for other purposes in WWRR. WWRR can provide drinking water for daily per capita consumption, emergency storage and/or production for export as needed. WWPP can also package liquid and/or solid products derived from biomass. It can produce carbonated water and/or biomass products using carbon dioxide from any source in the plan, such as in FIG. 4. It may have a separate area from the water bottling area for the packaging of bio-feedstock and/or other biofuels. Packaging may include bottling, cask filling, canning, cutting, granulating, crating, containerizing, compressing, sealing and introducing into tanks, and/or other means of preparing products for storage, display and/or sale.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11 and/or 14, WWRR may have storage space to store these products prior to off-site shipping and/or plan use. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11 and/or 14, locally produced biomass products, most notably liquid and/or solid biomass products, may also be bottled/quick packaged upon receipt, and/or otherwise stored in WWRR. In one embodiment of the invention, to maintain freshness, the biomass products may be chilled using cogeneration refrigeration from a thermal plant and/or other sources, before and/or after packaging. Rapid packaging and/or refrigeration (eg refrigeration), if necessary, can quickly keep deli products in place and prepare them for the market in the most profitable way.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, some or all of the WWPP equipment for disinfecting desalinated water prior to bottling may be used in conjunction with WWTP and/or WWTBGU, e.g. in conjunction with WWTP and/or WWTBGU, eg disinfection treatment (eg UV).

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, some type of thermal plant facility that may predate the implementation of the plan may be included in the plan as a thermal plant module or component, or thermal plant module facility (for example, a previously operating coal combustion plant may be retrofitted to the plan, and can become part of a thermal installation module that connects to the rest of the plan). In one or more embodiments of the invention, some other pre-existing component, hardware, block, block element, element and / or module that can be upgraded to become a technical tool, block, block element, element and / or module, and / or a means of connection and / or communication between modules, blocks, block elements, technical means and / or other elements of the plan, or otherwise must be included in any element of the plan, can be upgraded and included in the plan (for example, a system waste-to-energy, WWTP, BGM, refinery, WPP, waste treatment plant, recycling plant, solar thermal facilities, desalination plant, WWWTP, water intake and/or any other facility of a module, block, block element and /or another component of the plan).

In another embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7A, 7B, 10, 11, 22 and/or 25, and/or any other figures and/or description relating to resources, heating and/or cooling and/or other aspects thermal plant, thermal plant hardware, fuel type and/or consumption, air flow and/or content, water selection, water consumption and/or some other aspect of operation known to those skilled in the art, can be controlled by sensors and/or dynamic controls.

In the embodiment 200, as shown in FIG. 2, the thermal unit 222 provides thermal energy/heat transfer and/or co-generation cooling 216 to any one

- 30 039936 or more modules of the network 200. Thermal installation (TP) 222 optionally contains any one or more installation (installations), modules, submodules, technical means, components, elements and / or support systems together suitable for the definition of a thermal installation, optionally including one or more of the following: a thermal power plant(s), a WTE unit that may contain an MSW combustion unit, other direct combustion facilities, a plasma gasification unit (plasma), and/or one or more sub-modules 224 including any biomass/WTE fuel generating facilities that may require heat and/or cooling, optionally: pyrolysis unit, NTR unit, cellulosic ethanol/isobutanol/butanol unit, desorber/condenser and/or other facility(s) capable of producing fuel which may require or benefit from the use of heat and/or cooling. A drum incinerator 226 may also be included in TP 222 to neutralize hazardous solid waste. TR may contain other technical means and/or elements defined as technical means of a thermal plant. TP 222 optionally connects to any or all of the network units via heat and/or cooling transfer to Desalination Plant 214, BGM 212, Refiner 202, Waste Treatment Unit 206, WWPP 207 (Bottling/Packaging Plant), Unit 208 heat recovery/refrigeration unit 218, heat/cooling storage unit 218, biogas/natural gas storage unit 221, air conditioning/heating unit 210, food storage unit 220 and/or facilities thermal plant that can benefit from heat and/or cooling, such as pyrolysis, HTR, cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol, desorber/condenser and/or other thermal plant facilities using heat and/or cooling 224 and/or using 228 off the court. The refiner and/or BPP 202 comprise a module(s) 204 which optionally includes any of the following intensive heating and/or cooling processes: an HTP unit (comprising hardware such as HTL, CHG and/or RTP) 204A, an anaerobic digestion unit 204B, a supercritical fluid extraction unit 204C, and/or other biofuel processing processes known to those skilled in the art, and/or a biofuel and/or biomass drying unit 202A. Heat and/or cooling may be recovered in any heat/cooling recovery processes, such as, as described herein, 208 of TP 222, Desalination Plant 214, BGM 212, Refiner 202, Waste Treatment Unit 206, WWRR (plant for bottling/packaging) 207, and/or heat and/or cooling from any source interacting with the network can be stored and subsequently used from one or more block 218 (blocks) storage of heat/cooling, and heat/ cooling 234 from external sources 228 may optionally be fed back into the network for use in any of the above processes, modules and/or units. Heat may be added to the grid using a solar pool and/or solar/thermal plant 230, which may optionally power a BGM water source 232 and/or other modules shown in FIG. 3. A solar pool may include some way of exposing the water to sunlight and/or ambient temperature. In an embodiment of the invention, in a solar pool, the water may be directed through decorative fountains, lake basins, and/or other features that provide heat to specific water sources, such as deep water intake salt water, prior to use in the process. All heat and/or cooling flows depicted by lines or arrows may be optional and manageable. Optionally controlled heat and/or cooling flows (e.g., lines and/or arrows 200), heat/cooling recovery 208 and/or heat/cooling storage 218 and/or use of heat and/or cooling and/or other processes, and/or configurations of modules for using heat and/or cooling, such as, for example, FIG. 2 may be performed in any manner disclosed and/or known to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that although flows, connections and/or connections for heat and/or cooling, for example in a plan, can be represented using lines in a network to illustrate any possible steps in the connection and/or connection process for heat utilization /cooling between different modules, blocks or other components, the actual flows and/or sources of heat and/or cooling may be mixed or combined, or not combined, or used everywhere, for example, in a plan. In an embodiment of the invention, higher and lower levels of heat and/or cooling may or may not be mixed, and the actual connections and/or connections between modules and/or processes may be controlled and/or limited such that heat flows and/or or cooling at different temperatures, in different environments and available at different times, can be directed to just one or all possible uses of heat and/or cooling shown in the form of a network. Thus, the network can take on the appearance of many subsystems, with separate and distinct connections/communications/flows between a smaller subset of modules/blocks/processes in the network of FIG. 2.

The water resources required to absorb and transfer heat from thermal installations can be very significant. When this large amount of waste heat can be released into the environment in the form of heated air, steam and/or water, or by other means, energy can be wasted, water can be used, and can have a detrimental effect on the environment.

- 31 039936 common medium.

In one embodiment, the plan and method relate to a method of providing a cooling fluid, such as an aqueous fluid, air, and/or other fluid, to a thermal plant, with concomitant, for example, simultaneous transfer of waste heat energy generated by the thermal plant. In one embodiment of the invention, the waste heat can be used productively in the process of treating the aqueous effluent stream(s) or outlet(s) of a biomass growing module, such as water, fuel and/or biomass. As shown in FIG. 2, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 200 configured to use and recover heat and/or cooling from a thermal plant module and/or another module, with heat and/or cooling provided to and/or recovered from: BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; off-site heat/cooling 228 for off-plan use; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the thermal installation module 222, selected from the pyrolysis process module 224; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in the thermal unit 222 that require heat and/or cooling.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat and/or cooling recovered from BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; off-site heat/cooling 228 for off-plan use; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the thermal unit module 222, selected from the pyrolysis process module 224; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in the module 222 thermal installations that require heat and/or cooling, provide for: BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; off-site heat/cooling 228 for off-plan use; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally compiled by the thermal unit module 222 selected from the pyrolysis process module 224; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes, optionally performed in thermal unit 222, that require heat and/or cooling.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the BGM 212; refiner module 202; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a food storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; off-site heat/cooling 228 for off-plan use; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the module 222 thermal installation, selected from: module 224 pyrolysis processes; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in thermal unit 222 that require heat and/or cooling are co-located.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which thermal plant module 222 is configured to supply waste heat to heat BGM 212.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the thermal unit module 222 is configured to discharge waste heat as a heated fluid.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a heated fluid is supplied directly or partially as a source of water and/or a source of gas to the BGM 212, BGU and/or any element of the BGU.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the heated fluid is configured to provide heat transfer to the BGM 212, BGU and/or any element of the BGU without direct interaction with the BGM 212. Direct interaction can be defined as the flow of fluid into module, block and/or block element, optionally including mixing with its fluids and/or incoming fluid.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which off-site heat/cooling 228 comprises a fresh water source and/or a salt water intake.

- 32 039936

As shown in Table. 1, the system is configured to use and recover heat and/or cooling from a thermal plant module and/or another module, wherein heat and/or cooling is provided for and/or recovered from:

a) BGM;

b) refiner module;

c) BPP module;

d) air conditioning/heating module;

e) waste processing module;

f) WWRR module;

g) product storage module;

h) desalination module;

i) waste-to-energy module;

j) biogas storage module;

k) heat storage/cooling module;

l) heat recovery/cooling module;

m) off-site heat/cooling;

n) heat/cooling for exhaust, and/or

o) some systems, optionally included in the module of the thermal installation, selected from:

1) module of pyrolysis processes;

2) hydrothermal treatment module;

3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol and/or

4) desorber/condenser module.

Table combinations. 1 provide embodiments of the invention related to this embodiment.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a fresh water source and/or salt water intake provides heat and/or cooling for any one or more modules: BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; module 208 utilization of heat/cooling and/or some systems, optionally included in the module 222 thermal installation, selected from the module 224 pyrolysis processes; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in thermal unit 222 that require heat and/or cooling.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat and/or cooling outputs from any one of the modules: BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; off-site heat/cooling 228 for off-plan use; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the thermal unit module 222, selected from the pyrolysis process module 224; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in the thermal unit module 222 that require heat and/or cooling, share modules and/or heat transfer and/or cooling facilities, and/or module(s) and/or unit(s) heat storage and/or cooling.

As shown in FIG. 2, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for utilizing and recovering heat and/or cooling from a thermal plant module and/or another module, including: generating heat and/or cooling in the module; transferring heat and/or cooling to another module; the use of all or part of the heat and/or cooling in the module of the thermal installation and/or in another module; and, optionally, transferring unused heat and/or cooling from the thermal plant module and/or other module to the module, the heat and/or cooling being provided to and/or regenerated from: BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; heat/cooling, external or outside the scope of the method, for use outside the 228 plan; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the thermal unit module 222, selected from the pyrolysis process module 224; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in thermal unit 222 that require heat and/or cooling.

- 33 039936

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which heat and/or cooling recovered from: BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BRR; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; heat/cooling, external or outside of the way, for use outside the 228 plan; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the module 222 thermal installation, selected from: module 224 pyrolysis processes; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in the module 222 thermal installations that require heat and/or cooling, provide for: BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; heat/cooling, external or outside of the way, for use outside the 228 plan; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the module 222 thermal installation, selected from: module 224 pyrolysis processes; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in the thermal unit 222 that require heat and/or cooling.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which BGM 212; refiner module 202; module 202 BRR; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a food storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; off-site heat/cooling, external or off-site, for use outside the 228 plan; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the thermal unit module 222, selected from the pyrolysis process module 224; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in the module 222 thermal installations that require heat and/or cooling are combined.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which heat and/or cooling outputs from any one of the modules: BGM 212; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; an air conditioning/heating module 210; waste processing module 206; module 207 WWRR; a product storage module 220; desalination module 214; a waste-to-energy processing module 222; biogas storage module 221; a heat/cool storage module 218; a heat recovery/cooling module 208; off-site heat/cooling 228 for off-plan use; heat/cooling for release; and/or some systems, optionally included in the thermal installation module 222, selected from the pyrolysis process module 224; a hydrothermal treatment module 224; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 224; desorber/condenser module 224; and/or other processes performed in module 222 of the thermal installation that require the sharing of heat and/or cooling, share modules and/or heat transfer and/or cooling facilities, and/or module(s) and/or unit ( blocks) of heat storage and/or cooling.

In some embodiments, such as those shown in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20a, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures, and embodiments relating to selection and /or heat transfer, the present invention relates to a method of supplying a cooling fluid, such as the necessary cooling water, to a thermal plant, while at the same time making productive use of the waste heat generated by the thermal plant, which otherwise may simply be thrown unproductively into the environment, and sometimes acting on her detrimentally. Waste heat can be used productively, for example, to control the temperature of the bioreactor and/or in the process of converting water, fuel and/or biomass produced in the biomass growing module into useful products.

The disclosed integrated infrastructure plan, such as FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or description relating to selection and/or heat transfer, not only have the standard heat recovery technology for power generation, but also make efficient use of all waste heat, from higher waste heat temperatures to lower waste heat temperatures that may not be suitable for power generation. All heat sources above ambient temperature can be applied in an innovative and extremely productive way in terms of biomass/biofuel purification, heating, BGM for temperature optimization, other low temperature generation, recycling/packaging, desalination and/or other purposes, e.g. fig. 2. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the heat used in the processes and/or systems according to the present invention may be

- 34 039936 a combination of primary heat and waste heat in some proportion, for example 1/50 to 1/1 or 1/10 to 3/1 or 1/5 to 5/1 or all waste heat, or all primary heat.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or heat transfer, the biomass/water slurry produced by the biomass growth module is heated by the waste heat generated in the thermal plant and instantly purified in a process called hydrothermal treatment, which may include hydrothermal liquefaction, RTP, catalytic hydrothermal gasification and/or any other hydrothermal treatment method. The heated biomass/water slurry can be pressurized if required by the particular NTR process and/or operating conditions, and the output of these processes is primarily water and biofuel and/or methane and/or carbon dioxide.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 and/or drawings or descriptions relating to heat transfer and/or extraction, biomass-containing water discharged from the biomass growth module, or BGM waste fluid containing biomass/water slurry, optionally after the treatment steps shown in FIG. 1 may be sent to a thermal plant to provide cooling and/or heat extraction in various ways. The BGM effluent containing biomass from the BGM can be used directly to cool the thermal plant, can be further processed and then used to cool the thermal plant, and/or can be used in a heat exchange system cooled by another thermal plant fluid, in as a result, it cools and removes heat from the thermal installation indirectly, depending on the nature of the outflow of the BGM fluid, as well as on the water quality requirements of the specific type (s) of the technical means of the thermal installation used and / or other factors. Optionally, the heat from the thermal plant can be transferred in some other way to the biomass/water slurry.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or transfer of heat, the heat extracted from the thermal plant can be used productively to process biofuels created directly in the biomass growing module and/or biomass in a suspension of biomass/water, optionally treated in any way known to those skilled in the art. area, without collection using methods such as hydrothermal treatment and/or some other method of cleaning the exit from the biomass growing module, especially without collection, and/or for preheating for any of the above elements. Alternatively or additionally, the biomass may be processed and/or harvested by any of the methods or combinations of methods described above and/or some other process that produces biomass and/or biofuels useful for fuel and/or other products, and /or in the synthesis of fuel and/or other products.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, fig. 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to selection and/or heat transfer, heat and/or co-generation cooling from the off-gases burned by the thermal plant can be delivered by means of a transport device and used to heat and/or cool BGMs, individual BGUs (BGUs) and/or individual BGU components supporting optimal biological growth and/or reproduction rate in the biomass growing module. Since biomass growth is usually dependent on temperature, during the cold season and/or diurnal temperature changes and/or other temperature fluctuations, such heat, such as waste heat, promotes biological growth in many cases; and/or such heat may be used in other processes, optionally including heating water for any process or purpose in the plan (see FIG. 2). Waste heat can also be converted to refrigeration (e.g. via cogeneration) to control the temperature of the BGM, individual BGUs, or BGU component to prevent overheating, in biomass purification/processing, such as the condensation of reused solvents, to cool/refrigerate biomass products, and/ or for some other use in the plan.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20d and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to selection and /or heat transfer, and/or FIG. 3 and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to the use and/or movement of water, cooling water from any source can be used to cool the thermal plant and then sent for additional primary treatment (module 104 of Fig. 1) and then for direct use as feed water in BGM mixed with another source of water and used as feed water in BGM, or simply used to transfer heat to water used in BGM or other process. In any of these or other methods disclosed herein, and/or any other methods known to those skilled in the art, the temperature in the BGM may be controlled

- 35 039936 either directly or indirectly through the outflow of water from the heating plant, optionally in combination with other sources of water. Gas and/or other fluid effluents from a thermal plant may also be used alone or in combination with other heat sources to control the temperature of the BGM and/or other plan components (e.g., FIGS. 7A, 7B, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, and /or 12E). If refrigeration is required, any of the above heat sources can be used to generate cogeneration refrigeration, which can be fed into the plan as in FIG. 2.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 3, 6, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in description relating to the extraction and/or transfer of heat, the BGM and/or its components, and/or the transfer of water, the BGM, the BGU, the BGU element and/or any other component of the BGU may be wholly or partly immersed in the pool, other a container, stream, or body of water fed from a water source used to collect waste heat from a thermal plant and/or a cooling source (eg, cold water), the temperature of the BGM being controlled by contact with a source of heated or cold water.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to selection and/or heat transfer, and FIG. 23 and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to use and/or pressure transfer, once the heat has been absorbed by the biomass/water slurry, the slurry may optionally be sent to a refiner for purification and/or further processing, whereby the refiner the installation may comprise an HTP module, such as the HTL module in FIG. 9 or other hydrothermal process module in which the temperature is raised as needed and maintained (e.g., at or above about 350°C (662°F) for HTL) by additional heating (from a thermal plant and/or other source (sources) including heat recovery from some aspect of the plan, see Fig. 2), and the pressure is increased as needed for a particular HTP method (for example, for HTL, approximately 3000 psi (20 684 kPa) and maintain for about 1 hour). In one embodiment of the invention, the closed reactor can be heated from 500-1300°F with rapid heating, and the processing time can be about one minute. For example, see the following references, incorporated herein by reference and based on them:

http://www.greencarcongress.Com/2012/11/savage-20121108.html, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef301925d and/or http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/ bdigest/2015/02/22/algaeliquefaction-what-is-is-and-why-it-might-be-the-key-to-affordable-drop-in-algae-biofuels/.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12V, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15V, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, 23 and / or other figures and / or in the description, relating to the extraction and/or transfer of heat or recovery and reuse of pressure, the energy used to create pressure and/or heat can be recovered after completion of hydrothermal liquefaction and/or other NTR process. Such energy can then be transferred to produce additional energy and/or improve the efficiency of the plan and/or method, such as in FIG. 23.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, and/or 23, heated water and/or biofeedstock may be directed through other heat exchangers to recover heat used in biomass processing. The pressure can be recovered or regenerated using standard facilities such as turbine or active hydro impeller, turbocharger, pressure heat exchanger (e.g. DWEER, rotary pressure heat exchanger and Dannfoss iSave), energy recovery pump ( such as a Clark pump, a Spectra Pearson pump, and/or other technical means suitable for the purpose) and used to pressurize another portion of the heated biomass/water slurry to be hydrothermally processed, to move fluids in the process, to generate electricity, for desalination, for other processes in the plan and/or other applications.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to the extraction and/or transfer of heat, waste heat from the exhaust gases of a thermal plant, cooling of a thermal plant, including implementations using NTR biomass/water slurry and/or any other process in the plan, can be reused for any hydrothermal treatment process and/or other purification processes for water, biomass and/or biofuels, including fuel distillation, biomass drying to preheat the water source of the biomass growth module, or for direct or indirect heating of a biomass growing module, for heating during anaerobic digestion (if used), for increasing the efficiency of biofuels and/or wastes in preparation for combustion and/or other processes, in the processing of cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol, in extraction of supercritical fluids, to increase the efficiency of a desalination plant, for NTR

- 36 039936 any organic waste that can be mixed with biomass and/or water and/or other fluid, and/or for other processes (see Fig. 2).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D and/or 12E and/or the figures or description relating to heat transfer and/or extraction, heat can be generated/recovered for use in the above purposes and/or for other purposes. in the plan as follows: heat from the thermal plant in the form of exhaust gases and heat that is taken away by the cooling water of the thermal plant, primary process heat generated by the thermal plant (for example, heat from the primary combustion process without waste), heat released by some other process of the thermal plant , heat released from the NTR and/or other water/biofuel/biomass treatment process, heat that can be recovered in processes used to cool BGM, any type of solar thermal accessory hardware, including solar concentrators and/or towers , optionally the release of a desalination plant and/or some other process in terms of which heat can be extracted and/or reclaimed, including heat recovery from any of the processes described in the [previous section]. Heat exchangers and/or other known technical means can be used to transfer heat from one system to another and/or from one substance to another (for example, from water, steam, solids to another substance), and/or to different sources of the same type of substance (for example, from wastewater to a separate source of water used in various processes, from gases to other gases, etc.) that can transfer heat when needed in a plan, for example, see FIG. 12A-12E.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or transfer of heat, and/or in FIG. 6, heat, such as waste heat and/or co-generation cooling from a thermal plant, venting of water from the LTR, and/or other heat-intensive process associated with heat in the plan (for example, Fig. 2), can be provided to counteract temperature changes in the growth module biomass, BGU in BGM and/or any component(s) of any BGU, due to, for example, changes in ambient temperature and/or other causes that may impair optimal biomass growth. Thus, the combination of a thermal plant and/or other heat sources and a biomass growing module can provide daily and/or year-round operation and optimization of the biomass growing module, for example, 24/7 operation, and use in temperate climates in which biomass such like algae, cannot grow efficiently at ambient temperature for all or part of the year, or even in extremely cold climates such as arctic regions where it is too cold to grow biomass efficiently in a normal biomass growing system. Similarly, cooling from a thermal plant can enable biomass growth in extremely hot environments (eg deserts), which can typically hinder growth rates and/or limit species available for use. The refrigeration thus generated can also be used to create refrigeration such as air conditioning and/or refrigeration for building cooling, for cooling or refrigeration of biomass products, for use in biomass purification, e.g. and/or cooling of other process gases, liquids and/or solids within the scope of the plan and/or for other purposes that could potentially be used on site and/or off site.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or transfer of heat, and/or in FIG. 6, cooling from a thermal plant can enable biomass growth in extremely hot environments (eg deserts) which can typically hinder growth rates and/or limit species available for use. The refrigeration thus generated can also be used to create refrigeration such as air conditioning and/or refrigeration for building cooling, for cooling or refrigeration of biomass products, for use in biomass purification, e.g. and/or cooling of other process gases, liquids and/or solids within the scope of the plan and/or for other purposes that could potentially be used on site and/or off site.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 3, 19 and/or 20, the circuit and/or method relate to a method for providing a working fluid, such as an aqueous fluid, to a thermal plant, with concomitant, for example, simultaneous, transfer of primary thermal energy produced by the thermal plant. In one embodiment of the invention, heat can be used productively in the process of treating the aqueous effluent stream(s) or outlet(s) of a biomass growing module, eg water, fuel and/or biomass serving as the working fluid. The use of the outlet(s) of the biomass growth module in this application may be in an open thermodynamic process, whereby the fresh portions of the outlet from the biomass growth module are constantly used in whole or in part as a working fluid, for example, to generate power in evaporative and turbocharged parts of the thermodynamic cycle, and completely or partially purified biomass and/or biofuel obtained in such a system can be removed from the water and used as fuel in a thermal plant, optionally after additional purification, and/or all or part of the water can be recycled used in a thermal plant and/or in some other process in which water can be used in a plan as shown in FIG. 3. In one embodiment of the invention, wet and/or dry biomass can be burned for energy production in a thermal plant and/or for the synthesis of biomass products. Biomass can be dried using waste heat and/or airflow from a thermal plant and/or airflow to a thermal plant, either in a drying module connected to a thermal plant included in the refinery and/or BPP and/or in a separate biomass dryer. The water collected from the drying process can be re-introduced into the biomass growing module and/or elsewhere in the plan, and/or the waste heat from the drying process can be recovered and used in the plan, as in FIG. 2.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or heat transfer, a thermal plant can produce waste heat and/or primary process heat that can be recovered for desalination in a desalination plant, biomass processing, and/or other industrial uses. The heat can be used for desalination or to improve the desalination process, depending on the chosen desalination method.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 or other description relating to heat generation and/or transfer, waste heat and/or primary process heat from thermal plant facilities can be used for waste NTR and/or other biomass UTR (e.g. wood and/or agricultural waste) such in the same manner as described herein for the treatment of NTR in a biomass/water slurry.

In one or more embodiments of the invention in FIG. 2 and/or 10 and/or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of fuel and/or heat, the system may include the production of cellulosic ethanol, butanol and/or isobutanol. In one embodiment of the invention, these fuels may be burned in situ to power the plan and/or to transfer energy off site, and/or the fuel may be removed off site. Cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol engineering can be used as a full or partial replacement for combustion in the production of fuel for combustion and/or for the production of sugars to feed biomass (eg algae). In the same way, other technologies can be used that produce compounds used as fuel and/or as feedstock for biomass from cellulose and/or other organic materials, either now or in the future. In one or more embodiments of the invention in FIG. 2, waste heat and/or raw process heat may be used from a thermal plant in a pre-treatment stage, a pulp process, a distillation process, and/or possibly other heat-requiring steps in these processes.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, or other description relating to methods of generating and/or transferring heat, filtration-based desalination plant processes and/or distillation-based processes may also use or benefit from waste heat and/or primary process heat from a thermal plant. . In one embodiment of the invention, filtration-based processes can use heat to improve the efficiency of the filtration process. In one embodiment of the invention, distillation-based processes may use heat to distill water and/or to preheat water to reduce the need for heat in the distillation plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 and/or 24K, the waste heat can be used to generate electricity for electrolysis, for example, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) can be synthesized from a DP brine outlet using brine electrolysis. Bleach may be used throughout the plan for disinfection, cleaning and/or other purposes and/or removed offsite. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24K and/or 10, brine electrolysis produces hydrogen gas. The hydrogen can be used in a fuel cell to generate electricity and/or returned to a thermal plant for combustion.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat, heat can be transferred to the DP from heated water, biological feedstock and/or biofuels, which are obtained from NTR and/or other processing methods used to process biofuels, biomass and/or biomass/water suspensions using heat exchangers and/or other technical means, and/or from some other heat source(s) in the plan, as shown in FIG. 2. In this way, it is possible to successfully raise the temperature of the feed water to desalination.

- 38 039936

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat, heat can be transferred to the DP from heated water, biofeeds and/or biofuels, which are obtained from NTR and/or other processing methods used to process biofuels, biomass and/or biomass/water slurries using heat exchangers or other technical means, and/or from some other heat source(s) in the plan, as shown in FIG. 2. In this way, it is possible to successfully raise the temperature of the feed water to desalination.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat; and/or in FIG. 3, the salt water BGU may use the salt water to produce biomass initially, and then the water output may be sent wholly or partly to the DP for the desalination process after the separation of the biomass from the water (perhaps using HTP, another currently known separation/purification method). biomass, and/or methods that may be developed in the future). The action of biomass on salt water may remove organic materials, nutrients and/or some minerals, which may result in a more efficient desalination process than conventional salt water. Also, the salt water from an HTR or similar process (if used) can be heated, and this heat can increase the efficiency of the desalination process.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 and/or 3 and/or in another description related to heat generation and/or transfer and/or water transfer, the DP brine outlet to the sea, and/or other methods, if necessary, can be diluted by the water outlet from BGM and/or WWTP to reduce salinity to reduce or eliminate environmental damage due to high salinity and/or high brine temperature.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat, WWPP can use heat from any source in the plan for disinfection and/or some other process(s) requiring heat.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 or in another description relating to heat recovery and/or transfer, waste heat from a thermal plant and/or heat recovered from other sources in the plan (for example, in FIG. 2) can be used to create refrigeration such as air conditioning and /or refrigeration of air for cooling buildings and/or for refrigeration of biomass products, for BGM cooling if beneficial, and/or for other purposes.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and / or other figures and / or in the description, related to extraction and/or transfer of heat and/or transfer of water, water that has been separated from the biomass in the BGM fluid outflow or biomass/water slurry after treatment and/or purification can be used to cool the thermal plant and/or to withdraw heat to use in the plan.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to heat extraction and/or transfer, the heated biofeedstock, which is the product of an HTR treatment, such as HTL, can be further purified while still containing heat from the HTR. For example, HTL can typically raise the temperature of the biofeed to about 350° C. or higher, which is approximately the required temperature for further purification for other fuels. Other STD processes can also result in heated fuel, possibly mixed with water. This heated mixture may optionally be dried (chemically and/or otherwise) and/or otherwise treated to separate it from water and/or other constituents and then sent as heated for refining to produce all other types of refined fuels that can be obtained depending on the type of biomass used. For example, most types of algae biomass treated with HPT can be converted to the same types of fuels as those that can be obtained from petroleum, including LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, furnace fuel oil, fuel oil and/or bitumen. The use of already heated biofeedstock from NTR can save energy during further processing into refined fuel. Likewise, a gaseous fuel that is a product of an HPT process, such as CHG, can use the heat in the resulting gaseous biofuel, possibly mixed with steam, in the same way to provide heat for separation from water and/or further purification of the biofuel. All heat used in any cleaning operations can be recovered as described here and/or reused in a plan as in FIG. 2.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 3, 19 and/or 20, the scheme and/or method relate to a method for providing a working fluid, such as an aqueous fluid, to a thermal plant, with concomitant, for example simultaneous, transfer of primary thermal energy and/or waste heat produced by thermal installation. In one embodiment of the invention, heat can be used productively in the process of treating the aqueous effluent stream(s) or outlet(s) of a biomass growing module, such as water, fuel and/or biomass, serving

- 39 039936 harvesting as a working fluid. The use of the outlet(s) of the biomass growth module in this application can take place in an open thermodynamic process, whereby fresh batches of the outlet from the biomass growth module can be continuously used in whole or in part as a working fluid, for example, to generate power in evaporators and rotating parts of the thermodynamic cycle turbine, and the fully or partially purified biomass and/or biofuel produced in such a system can be removed from the water and used as fuel in a thermal plant, optionally after additional purification, the heat can be recovered from the working fluid and used, for example , in plan, for example in Fig. 2 and all or part of the water can be reused in the thermal plant and/or in some other process in which the water can be used, for example in a plan as shown in FIG. 3. In one embodiment of the invention, wet and/or dry biomass can be burned for energy production in a thermal plant and/or for the synthesis of biomass products. The biomass can be dried using waste heat and/or air flow from the thermal plant and/or air flow to the thermal plant, either in a drying module connected to the thermal plant included in the refinery and/or BPP and/or in a separate biomass dryer. Water collected from the drying process can be re-introduced into the biomass growing module and/or elsewhere, for example in a plan, and/or waste heat from drying can be recovered and used, for example in a plan, such as in FIG. 2.

In one embodiment, in the system/network 300, water can be used as a heat transfer and/or storage and/or cooling mechanism, a diluent, a means to move waste for processing, a source of desalinated/drinking water, as a source of water for purification processes. , for heat transfer/cooling, for irrigation, firefighting, cleaning, flushing, water features, substrate for growing and transporting biomass, means for moving nutrients in BGM and/or other purposes, for example, as described herein. Water may optionally be in fluid communication between any or all of the modules, such as the primary and secondary modules, any of which may optionally be present in certain embodiments of the invention. For example, in one embodiment, the refiner and/or RPP 202 may include modules 204 that optionally include any of the following: HTR 204A, an anaerobic autoclave 204B, a supercritical fluid extraction unit 204C, and/or other biomass separation processes and /or biofuels from water and processing known to those skilled in the art, and a biofuel/biomass drying unit 202. The following modules may optionally be fluidly coupled to one another: thermal plant 222, refinery and/or BPP 202, desalination unit 214, BBP 207 and BGM 212A, fresh water and/or salt water source 302 (e.g., sea water, brine and/or brackish water), an intake 314 providing water to the network. Downstream from source 302, pretreatment module 304 and/or preheating/cooling module 306 treat water for use in the network. Similarly, pre-treatment module(s) 318 and/or pre-heating/cooling module(s) 316 treat water for network use. One or more modules or installations 310 for use/reuse/treatment of water can receive and/or supply water, optionally treated and/or optionally combined in whole or in part with other water streams, and/or otherwise treated, for use or reuse to or from thermal plant 222, BGM 212, refiner and/or BPP 202, desalination plant 214, BBPP (bottling/packaging plant 207), waste receiving/recycling module 206, any heating process 334 and/or cooling and/or water storage(s) 308, irrigation operation 307, fire reservoir, fountains, lakes, treatment, landfill 309, and/or discharge 312. Finally, in a further embodiment of the invention, the water distribution device 310 provides, among other things, water for all modules and / or for irrigation, fire fighting, fountains, lakes, cleaning 307, for example, inside relative to the plan and / or beyond lamy, for example, where non-potable water can be used and/or as a means of preheating or pre-cooling water for a process by exposure to ambient temperature and/or sunlight (for example, heating cold sea water before introduction to BGM). All water flows depicted by lines or arrows can be optional and manageable. Optional controlled water flows (eg, lines and/or arrows 300), pre-heating/cooling 306, 318, pre-treatment 304, 318, water use/reuse/treatment/recycling/distribution 310, heating/cooling 334, water storage 308 and/or the use of water in other modules, such as FIG. 3 may be performed in any manner disclosed and/or known to those skilled in the art. Any depicted water source, stream/link/connection may be processed in any manner known to those skilled in the art prior to use in any process/module/unit. The network as defined herein may take the form of one or more separate source(s)/stream(s)/connection(s)/connection(s) of water between one or more module(s)/unit(s), elements

- 40 039936 element (elements) of the block, component (components), technical means (means) and / or other object (objects), in which there is one or more smaller closed systems between any two or more components depicted in FIG. 3, or any source/stream/connection/connection of water may be combined with other source(s) and/or stream(s) of water at any stage of any process shown. For example: fresh water and salt water flows can be contained separately, in parts of the network using selected modules; drinking water may be kept separate from other types of water; water of different temperatures may be kept separately and possibly exchanged heat using a heat exchanger to heat or cool the process or module to a certain temperature, or may be combined to achieve a certain temperature required by the process; certain water streams may be separated for certain processes and then combined to achieve certain desired salinity, temperature and/or other reasons. The modules and particular types of facilities shown in the drawings may be illustrative and optional, and all modules and/or types of facilities and/or connections to the depicted network may only be present in certain embodiment(s) of the plan.

A system configured to use and regenerate water used by one or more modules configured to use water, such water being provided for and/or regenerated from:

a) source of fresh water;

b) fresh water pre-treatment module;

c) salt water intake;

d) salt water pre-treatment module;

e) preheating/cooling module;

f) water storage module;

g) irrigation;

h) fire fighting;

i) fountains;

j) lakes;

k) cleaning;

l) BGM;

m) traditional WWTP module;

n) refiner module;

o) BPP module;

p) heating and/or cooling;

q) waste processing module;

r) waste receiving module;

s) WWRR module;

t) desalination module;

u) water for release/exit;

v) processing and/or processing module and/or

w) thermal installation module.

With reference to Table. 2.

As shown in FIG. 3, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 300 capable of utilizing and reclaiming water used by one or more water utilizable modules, such water being provided for and/or reclaimed from fresh water source 302; fresh water pre-treatment module 304; salt water intake 314; salt water pre-treatment module 318; module 306, 316 preheating/cooling; a water storage module 308; irrigation 307; fire fighting 307; fountains 307; lakes 307; cleaning 307; BGM 212; traditional module 212 WWTP; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; heating and/or cooling for plan 334; waste processing module 206; waste receiving module 206; module 207 WWRR; desalination module 214; water for release/output 312; module 310 processing and/or processing; and/or module 222 thermal installation.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which water provided to and/or regenerated from: fresh water source 302; fresh water pre-treatment module 304; salt water intake 314; salt water pre-treatment module 318; module 306, 316 preheating/cooling; a water storage module 308; irrigation 307; fire fighting 307; fountains 307; lakes 307; cleaning 307; BGM 212; traditional module 212 WWTP; module 202 refiner; module 202 BRR; heating and/or cooling according to plan 334; waste processing module 206; waste receiving module 206; module 207 WWRR; desalination module 214; water for release/output 312; module 310 processing and/or processing; and/or module 222 thermal installation, mixed with water from: source 302 fresh water; fresh water pre-treatment module 304; salt water intake 314; salt water pre-treatment module 318; module 306, 316 before

- 41 039936 for heating/cooling; a water storage module 308; irrigation 307; fire fighting 307; fountains 307; lakes 307; cleaning 307; BGM 212; traditional module 212 WWTP; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; heating and/or cooling according to plan 334; waste processing module 206; waste receiving module 206; module 207 WWRR; desalination module 214; water for release/output 312; module 310 processing and/or processing; and/or module 222 thermal installation and/or with any other source of water at any stage of any depicted process.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which water is provided for and/or regenerated from modules: fresh water source 302; fresh water pre-treatment module 304; salt water intake 314; salt water pre-treatment module 318; module 306, 316 preheating/cooling; a water storage module 308; irrigation 307; fire fighting 307; fountains 307; lakes 307; cleaning 307; BGM 212; traditional module 212 WWTP; module 202 refiner; module 202 BRR; heating and/or cooling according to plan 334; waste processing module 206; waste receiving module 206; module 207 WWRR; desalination module 214; water for release/output 312; module 310 processing and/or processing; and/or a thermal plant module 222 using a pipeline, the water pipeline being shared by two or more water supply lines, the water being salt water, brine water, brackish water, fresh water, waste water, domestic sewage, and/or drinking water.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system where the piping is in operative communication with the salt water intake 314, the salt water BGU that includes the BGM/WWTP module 212, the desalination module 214, the salt water cooling system(s) that includes the module 334 heating/cooling for plan use, such as in FIG. 2, an outlet/outlet module 312, and/or another salt water module for use in a system or plan, such as in FIG. 3.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the pipeline has one or more separate water supply lines for salt water, brackish water and/or brine water.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a pipeline is in operative communication with a fresh water source 302, a fresh water BGU composed of a BGM/WWTP module 212, a WWTBGU composed of a BGM/WWTP module 212, a WWTP module 212, a system(s) ) fresh water cooling for plan use, for example in FIG. 2, outlet/output module 312 and/or other fresh water module for use in the system or plan, such as in FIG. 3.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the pipeline has one or more separate water supply lines for fresh water, potable water, waste water and/or brackish water.

As shown in FIG. 3, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for using and reclaiming water, including: transferring water from a module to another module; using all or part of the water in another module for work; and optionally transferring unused water from another module to module, such water being provided for and/or regenerated from fresh water source 302; fresh water pre-treatment module 304; salt water intake 314; salt water pre-treatment module 318; module 306, 316 preheating/cooling; a water storage module 308; irrigation 307; fire fighting 307; fountains 307; lakes 307; cleaning 307; BGM 212; traditional module 212 WWTP; module 202 refiner; module 202 BRR; heating and/or cooling according to plan 334; waste processing module 206; waste receiving module 206; module 207 WWRR; desalination module 214; water for release/output 312; module 310 processing and/or processing; and/or module 222 thermal installation.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which water supplied and/or water regenerated from fresh water source 302; fresh water pre-treatment module 304; salt water intake 314; salt water pre-treatment module 318; module 306, 316 preheating/cooling; a water storage module 308; irrigation 307; fire fighting 307; fountains 307; lakes 307; cleaning 307; BGM 212; traditional module 212 WWTP; module 202 refiner; module 202 BRR; heating and/or cooling according to plan 334; waste processing module 206; waste receiving module 206; module 207 WWRR; desalination module 214; water for release/output 312; module 310 processing and/or processing; and/or module 222 thermal installation, mixed with water from: source 302 fresh water; fresh water pre-treatment module 304; salt water intake 314; salt water pre-treatment module 318; module 306, 316 preheating/cooling; a water storage module 308; irrigation 307; fire fighting 307; fountains 307; lakes 307; cleaning 307; BGM 212; traditional module 212 WWTP; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; heating and/or cooling according to plan 334; waste processing module 206; waste receiving module 206; module 207 WWRR; desalination module 214; water for release/output 312; module 310 processing and/or processing; and/or module 222 thermal installation and/or with any other source of water at any stage of any depicted process.

An embodiment of the invention includes a process in which water is provided for and/or

- 42 039936 regenerate from modules: fresh water source 302; fresh water pre-treatment module 304; salt water intake 314; salt water pre-treatment module 318; module 306, 316 preheating/cooling; a water storage module 308; irrigation 307; fire fighting 307; fountains 307; lakes 307; cleaning 307; BGM 212; traditional module 212 WWTP; module 202 refiner; module 202 BRR; heating and/or cooling according to plan 334; waste processing module 206; waste receiving module 206; module 207 WWRR; desalination module 214; water for release/output 312; module 310 processing and/or processing; and/or a thermal installation module 222 using a channel, the water pipeline being shared by two or more water supply lines, the water being salt water, brine water, brackish water, fresh water, waste water, domestic sewage, and/or drinking water.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the pipeline is in operative communication with the salt water intake 314, the salt water BGU, which includes the BGM/WWTP module 212, the desalination module 214, the salt water cooling system(s) for use in the plan, for example in Fig. 2, an outlet/outlet module 312 and/or other salt water module for use in a system or plan, such as in FIG. 3.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the pipeline has one or more separate water supply lines for salt water, brackish water and/or brine water.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the conduit is in operative communication with a fresh water source 302, a fresh water BGU that is made up of a BGM/WWTP module 212, a WWTBGU made up of a BGM/WWTP module 212, a WWTP module 212, a system ( fresh water cooling systems comprising a heating/cooling module 334 for plan use, such as in FIG. 2, outlet/outlet module 312 and/or other fresh water module for use in the system or plan, such as in FIG. 3.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the pipeline has one or more separate water supply lines for fresh water, drinking water, waste water and/or brackish water.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 7A, 7B and/or FIG. 3, water that is a substrate for any of the above processes can be reused at any point in the plan where water is used, including as feed water for BGM, thermal plant cooling, to dilute the brine outlet of an additional desalination system, and /or for other purposes (see Fig. 2). Heat exchangers and/or other known technical means can be used to transfer heat from one system of the plan to another.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or description relating to selection and/or heat transfer, and/or FIG. 3 and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to the use and/or movement of water, cooling water from any source can be used to cool a thermal plant and then sent for further primary processing (module 104 of FIG. 1), and then for direct use as BGM feed water mixed with another water source and used as BGM feed water, or simply used to transfer heat to BGM water or other process. In any of these or other methods described herein, the temperature in the BGM can be controlled either directly or indirectly by water outflows from the thermal plant in combination with other water sources. Gas and/or other fluid effluents from a thermal plant may also be used alone or in combination with other heat sources to control the temperature of the BGM and/or other plan components (e.g., FIGS. 7A, 7B, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, and /or 12E). If refrigeration is required, any of the above heat sources can be used to generate cogeneration refrigeration, which can be fed into the plan as in FIG. 2.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 3, 6, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12V, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15c, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or description relating to heat extraction and/or transmission, BGM and/or its components, and/or water transfer, BGM, BGU, BGU element and/or any other BGU component may be wholly or partly immersed in a pool, other container , a body of water, or a stream fed from a water source, e.g. on site or off site, used to provide cooling or alternatively to collect waste heat from a thermal plant and/or to supply heat, the temperature of the BGM being controlled by contact with a source of heated or cold water. Heated and/or cooled air and/or other fluid, for example from a thermal plant and/or other modules, can be used to fill containers, which can be configured to contact or partially or completely surround the BGM, BGU and/or whatever - any of their heat transfer and/or cooling components. Heat and/or cooling may be supplied by 234 offsite water sources 228, optionally including water supply provided by offsite water source(s), including fresh water source 302, salt water intake 314, and/or other heat and/or cooling sources. in gaseous and/or

- 43 039936 in liquid form originating outside the site.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, the water intake(s) shown as a source of fresh water 302 and/or water (salt water) intake 314 may provide a cooling source for any process in the plan in which water from an intake from the sea, especially a deep water intake, can be significantly cooler than the ambient temperature on land and can provide cooling. In an embodiment of the invention, salt water intake water is used as source water for SWBGU and/or BWBGU in hot climates for temperature control. In one embodiment, salt water from an intake may be used as source water, either alone or in combination with other water sources, to fill basins and/or other structures surrounding any BGU or BGU component to provide cooling and /or temperature changes, especially in hot environments. After being used in this way and/or for other purposes for cooling, decorative use, and/or use in any other way described for heat transfer and/or cooling, possibly including transfer of heat from a thermal installation to a plan, then the water may be sent to DP for desalination and/or other processes where warmer water is beneficial. In this way, water and/or cooling is provided where it is needed in the plan (see FIGS. 2 and 3) and in the processes, and the temperature of the salt water is increased, which reduces the energy demand in the desalination and/or other processes in the plan that benefit from warmer water.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 to further treat the water outlet prior to use in other applications, a hydrothermal post-treatment may be used if desired, such as in FIG. 1, and/or other processes such as collection of biomass material from the biomass growing module outlet stream, post-purification filter, ultraviolet irradiation, tertiary wastewater treatment (for example, when wastewater is used in a BGM), and/or other water treatment methods, known to those skilled in the art. The water treated by this system and/or the optional subsequent purification steps can be suitable for many purposes, e.g. as a potable water stream, not a potable stream, for release to the environment, for reuse in the disclosed plan, wherever required. water (see Fig. 3).

In an embodiment of the invention, for example with reference to FIG. 3, an unanticipated advantage may be the synergy of the WWTP setup(s) and/or the WWTBGU setup(s) with the rest of the plan. Rinse water and/or excess water and/or biomass from the optional water bottling/bottling/biomass product packaging plant can be sent to WWTP/WWTBGU for water treatment, regeneration or a substantial portion of it, e.g. 60 to 100% wash water and/or excess water, or 60 to 90%, or 60 to 80%, or 60 to 70% water. Effluent from all other plants in the plan may be directed directly to the WWTP/WWTBGU, optionally containing all or part of the water used to cool the thermal plant and extract heat, if applicable, to the thermal plant's cooling system(s), or may be subjected to processing, and then can be sent to the system (systems) of the thermal installation and heat extraction.

In some embodiments, such as those shown in FIG. 3, and in other embodiments relating to the use of water in the plan, the present invention relates to an integrated approach to minimizing CO ₂ emissions, energy generation, biofuel production, efficient use of heat and water, and in some embodiments, the production of non-fuel products, derived from biomass, and/or converting wastewater and/or waste into energy. Various embodiments provide a wide range of other water sources or combinations used to create an environment for biomass and/or biofuel production and/or CO2 reduction with water and heat management.

In one embodiment, one or more water sources may be provided for growing biomass, and the water may be waste water, salt water, brackish water, purified water, potable water, non-potable water, and/or brine. The content of carbon in water can be from less than 1 to 15 wt.%.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 14, the SWBGU may use normal salt water such as sea water and/or may use a brine outlet (high salinity outlet water from an optional desalination plant) to grow biomass. The resulting brine outlet from the SWBGU can be treated in the same manner as the brine outlet described herein, but may be lower in nutrients, lower in certain minerals, biological materials, and/or other chemicals than marine water, after treatment with SWBGU, which can provide different biomass products, salt and/or other products from brine rather than sea water, and/or more efficient production of the same products (for example, more easily separated from contaminants).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, BWBGU can be

- 44 039936 implemented by using a combination of any fresh and/or salt water sources, optionally including waste water with any characteristics, salt water, brine water (for example, from a desalination plant), fresh water not from waste and/or others water sources. It may have a pooled system synergy that normally uses pooled water sources, but the resulting brackish water outlet may be released, for example, to a desalination plant, using a brine outlet for dilution and/or may be reused in certain ways to be acceptable for cooling and/or other purposes, as in a treated wastewater system, taking into account salinity. The resulting vent, if not otherwise fit for purpose, may be released to the sea and/or disposed of by other means of salt water removal, with or without dilution.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1 and/or 3, desalinated water can be obtained by various methods known in the art, by treating water with BGM and/or subsequent BGM effluent treatment steps in the plan.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, some salt water bioreactors can produce desalinated water, possibly mixed with biofuel by evaporation, and, if necessary, after separation from the biofuel, the water is potable. In one embodiment of the invention, the SWBGU may produce desalinated drinking water either in place of the desalination facilities or in addition to the desalination facilities in the plan. The brine obtained in such a system can be considered as described in this document for other technical means of desalination.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, after desalination, the brine outlet of the desalination plant is diluted to approximately the salinity of sea water using waste water, fresh water, salt water, and/or other water source(s). The combined aqueous substrate is then used in the BGM to grow the biomass. This embodiment can provide more usable water than using only wastewater and/or other fresh water in the BGM, with the BGM water outlet then combined with the brine outlet to be diluted for release to the sea. BGM treatment of water with a salinity comparable to that of the ocean allows the use of biomass growing systems that have been developed on the market to operate using salt water, and if brine water is combined with wastewater, the mixture can provide a better source of nutrients than available in salt water alone and results in better biomass growth and productivity as well as wastewater treatment.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, wastewater from the thermal plant (optionally after heat recovery) can be directed to WWTP and/or WWTBGU.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or FIG. 1, any other wastewater source(s) in the plan may be directed to primary treatment (module 104 of FIG. 1) and/or then to WWTP and/or WWTBGU.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24H, the plan may use solar thermal facilities (e.g. solar concentrators) to preheat seawater for desalination, BGM output for NTR, for power generation and/or to introduce heat into the plan where needed ( for example in Fig. 3). If a solar facility is used, it can share steam turbines with those already in the thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, demineralized water from an optional desalination plant may be used during the combustion of light oil and/or other fuels to reduce combustion temperature and/or generate NOx emissions from combustion turbines and/or other thermal plant systems. In one or more embodiments of the invention, desalinated water from an optional desalination plant can be used for the relatively small volumes of water needed to cool MT inlet air, NOx injected water, and/or potable water, and for similar use in other thermal plant power generation systems.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1 and/or 3, some, for example, most of the wastewater discharged from a thermal installation (after heat use and/or recovery) can be directed to primary treatment (to the module 104 of Fig. 1), and then to WWTP and /or WWTBGU. Some thermal plant waste water, depending on pollution levels, can be used to dilute the desalination plant's brine outlet without further treatment to reduce the environmental impact of the brine. The stormwater runoff can be directed to a stormwater basin or, if it contains oil, first passed through an oil/water separator and then sent to a stormwater basin. This wastewater can then be sent for primary treatment (to module 104 of FIG. 1) and then to WWTP and/or WWTBGU. Chemically treated wastewater and/or other chemically treated wastewater may be stored on site and tested and, if not hazardous, subject to expert knowledge, may be sent for primary treatment (to module 104 of FIG. 1) and then to WWTP and/or WWTBGU with other wastewater, or directed to a flash pond if appropriate.

In embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, the water required for cellulosic ethanol, butanol and/or isobutanol can be taken from any of the source(s) in the plan as shown in FIG. 3.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24K, sea salt can be produced from a DP brine outlet and sold off site. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, the demineralized water DP may be supplied for use in a thermal plant, where it is needed, in any technical facility or system of thermal installations (for example, gas turbines, if used, and/or other energy systems). In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, desalinated water DP (with added minerals) can be supplied for use, if necessary, in a thermal plant (eg, gas turbines and/or other power systems).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24A, the DP may share an intake with the SWBGU, a seawater cooling source for a thermal plant (if required), or any of these salt water modules/units may have separate intakes. Any of these module/source intakes, if separated, or a combination intake if combined, may share some piping and/or other equipment with a wastewater treatment plant, BGM, and/or brine outlet discharge. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the intake(s) may provide a cooling source for any process in that the water from the intake at sea, especially the deep water intake, must be significantly cooler than the ambient temperature on land, and may provide cooling. In an embodiment of the invention, salt water intake water is used as source water for SWBGU and/or BWBGU in hot climates for temperature control. In one embodiment, salt water from the intake is used to fill basins and/or other structures surrounding any BGU and/or BGU component to provide cooling and/or temperature changes, especially in hot environments. After being used in this way and/or for other purposes for cooling, decorative use, and/or use in any other way described for heat transfer and/or cooling, possibly including transfer of heat from a thermal installation to a plan, then the water may be sent to the DP for desalination. In this way, water and/or cooling is provided where needed in the plan (see FIGS. 2 and 3) and in the processes, and the temperature of the salt water is raised, thus reducing the energy demand in the desalination process.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, recycled water from BGM and/or WWTP can be used for landscape irrigation, firefighting, water features, fountains, lakes, industrial refrigeration (including thermal plant refrigeration) and/or treatment processes in the plan, as opposed to using desalinated water D.P. This can significantly reduce the required amount of desalinated water and therefore the energy requirement of the plan. This will require only additional pipelines. Where possible, salt water or salt water mixed with reclaimed wastewater and/or another source of water from BGM, WWTP and/or other source may be used for: water cooling, firefighting water supply, water features, fountains, lakes and /or other purposes to keep BGM reclaimed water and/or WWTP and/or DP desalinated water in the plan. In case of use as cooling water (for example, in some technical facilities), salt water can be used to cool the thermal plant and/or other heat sources directly and/or indirectly (through heat exchange), and then can be sent to the DP for desalination . This can save energy in the DP as higher temperature water is easier to desalinate. Treatment of any water source may be performed either before or after its use in a thermal plant and/or any other modules and/or processes in the plan in accordance with methods known in the art.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, the HTP outlet water can serve as feed water for the BGU, in whole or in part. This water source may contain higher levels of carbon and/or other NTR materials, as opposed to wastewater, which may require recovery and/or may contribute to biomass growth. In this case, the water source may be salt water, fresh water, and/or some other type of water described herein as a possible type of water source in the BGU that has been treated with HTP. In addition to treating water using residual carbon and/or possibly other material in the water, the synergy of BGU using HPT wastewater can be the same as for the type of feed water used for the HPT process.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, HTR effluent can be treated in the same manner as BGM effluent 117. Higher carbon content can

- 46 039936 to provide a concentrated carbon stream that can be mixed with the BGM effluent and/or processed separately by going through any of the processing steps taken for the BGM effluent 117.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, if necessary, for a reverse osmosis desalination process, a Clean In Place (CIP) cycle can be used to clean the DP membrane (only for filtration based processes). In an embodiment of the invention, waste from this process may be disposed of in the WWTP and/or BGM.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, treated wastewater from WWTP and/or BGM can be used to dilute the DP brine outlet to reduce or eliminate environmental impact. If a deep water brine discharge diffuser is used, salinity up to 5% above natural salinity is generally considered acceptable. However, when diluted with fresh water, the salinity can be reduced in the pipe to match the natural salinity or acceptable salinity and can be released close to shore instead of offshore, eliminating the significant infrastructure costs associated with deep sea release. The typical salinity of ocean water is between 3 and 5%, and the typical retention factor of a reverse osmosis desalination plant (brine recovery rate as a percentage of initial withdrawal volume) is typically around 50%. In an embodiment of the invention, the following formula can be used to calculate the amount of dilution required to restore the brine outlet to a given salinity:

SBVB + SDVD = ST ^(V B + VD), ^where

S _B = brine salinity, V _B = brine volume,

SD = diluent salinity, VD = diluent volume,

ST = target salinity

In one or more embodiments of the invention, an example of BGM and/or WWTP dilution can be used as follows: Assuming WWBGU, FWBGU and/or WWTP are 0.5% salinity sources, assuming ocean salinity is 4.5% , and assuming a desalination retention factor of 50%, for a near-surface release, using the above formula, the brine should be diluted with approximately 1.125 liters of BGU and/or WWTP release water per liter of brine water to achieve basic salinity. For deep water release, to achieve a level 5% above the base salinity recommended release salinity, the brine must be diluted with approximately 1.012 liters of BGU and/or WWTP release water per liter of brine release water. The brine outlet may also be diluted with salt water from either BGU seawater or BGU brackish water and/or other salt water source and/or other water source in the plan. In an embodiment of the invention, any water source(s) in the plan, in combination with or without a BGU and/or WWTP outlet (FIG. 3), may be used to achieve the desired salinity of the desalination plant brine outlet. In one embodiment, the source(s) of water used for dilution may be strategically selected and/or pooled so that the water most valuable to the plan and/or community is conserved as much as possible and water of lesser value is used for dilution. (e.g. treated wastewater, brackish water). In one or more embodiments of the invention, in the case where there are a number of possible dilution sources, in order to calculate the volumes of each diluent water source that can be combined to achieve a given salinity, the above formula can be converted as follows:

SBVB ⁺ ( ^S D1 ^V D1 ⁺ SD2VD2 ⁺ SD3VD3 ) = ST ^(V B ^{+ V} D1 ^{+ V} D2 ^{+ V} D3 ) ^where

The numbers represent different sources of water for dilution. In the same way, as many sources as are available (marked above as ...) can be added. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the disclosed plan provides new means and methods for planning and/or combining water resources strategically, using this formula, and strategically selecting water sources to achieve a total target salinity as described above. This process and method can be used to dilute the brine to the same or similar salinity as the natural salinity for a coastal release, or an acceptable salinity for a deep water release, or perhaps some salinity in between for a sea release between two distances. In one embodiment of the invention, if the brine is heated due to desalination treatment and/or for another reason, after optional heat recovery in the plan, if the brine temperature may affect the local environment or be regulated by law, dilution strategies may also include calculations and selection of source water diluent to regulate the heating of the brine outlet to appropriate levels. As one skilled in the art would recognize, mathematical and/or physical modeling and/or other studies may be required to determine actual numbers based on release pattern, local conditions, and/or other considerations.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, wastewater may be directed to WWTP and/or WWTBGU.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, waste water from all

- 47 039936 modules on site and/or from external sources can be sent to WWTP and/or WWTBGU.

In one or more embodiments, such as in FIG. 3, a water bottling/biomass/packaging bottling (BBPP) plant can optionally be added as part of the plan. In one or more embodiments of the invention, any one or more of the components within the WWPP may be used (eg, only water bottling, only biomass bottling, and/or only other types of biomass packaging). Water bottling lines can be used for bottled treated drinking water produced from DP.

DP brine removal technology

Brine Discharge to Sea - Release to Sea or Other Water Body: In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24A, a DP brine outlet vent may be used by some pipelines and/or other equipment in conjunction with a WWTP/BGM vent, and/or the same piping and/or vent may be used. In an embodiment of the invention, the brine may be discharged onto land using zero liquid discharge. In an embodiment of the invention, the brine may be released underground and/or in other manner known to the person skilled in the art.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24V, the SWBGU may share infrastructure with an optional desalination plant including, for example, seawater abstraction, pumps, pipes, heat utilization, water utilization and/or discharge. In one embodiment of the invention, the SWBGU may use salt water separately from the desalination plant, it may receive brine as feed water from the desalination plant, and/or its output may be directed to the desalination plant (see description in the desalination section).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24A, the DP may use the intake and/or piping in plan in conjunction with the SWBGU, seawater cooling source for the thermal plant (if required), or any of these salt water modules/plants may have separate intakes. Any of these module/source intakes, if separated, or a combination intake if combined, may share some piping and/or other equipment with a wastewater treatment plant, BGM, and/or brine outlet discharge. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the intake(s) may provide a source of cooling for some process in that the water from the intake at sea, especially a deep water intake, may be significantly cooler than the ambient temperature on land and may provide cooling. In an embodiment of the invention, salt water intake water can be used as source water for SWBGU and/or BWBGU in hot climates for temperature control. In one embodiment, salt water from the intake is used to fill basins and/or other structures surrounding any BGU and/or BGU component to provide cooling and/or temperature changes, especially in hot environments. After being used in this way and/or for other purpose(s) for cooling, decorative use, and/or use in any other way described for heat transfer and/or cooling, including possibly transferring heat from a heating installation to plan, then the water can be sent to the DP for desalination. In this way, water and/or cooling is provided where needed in the plan (see FIGS. 2 and 3) and in the processes, and the temperature of the salt water is raised, thus reducing the energy demand in the desalination process.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24B, an STD module or unit that can be used as described herein for biomass processing and/or similar methods can also be used as a means of converting waste to energy. STD and/or equivalent techniques known to the skilled person can be used to process a wide range of organic materials to produce biofeedstock. The NTR module, unit or equivalent treatment system(s) designed for biomass can be used in conjunction with those used for solid waste treatment. The HTL can be made in accordance with the PNNL process patent, WO 2013/184317A1, as shown in FIG. 9. Other variants of NTR or similar processes suitable for this purpose may also be used.

As shown in FIG. 1, the invention involves the use of various types of objects, some of which may be generally unrelated, not operatively related to each other, and/or co-located with each other, e.g., thermal plant, growth module biomass, refinery, downstream processing equipment (DPP), product packaging equipment (DPP) and processes for the production of electricity, fuels, products and for the efficient recovery and reuse of waste heat, water, carbon dioxide, air and other gases, pressure, waste biomass, solvents and other materials. In order to create additional outputs, efficiency or synergy, the circuit in FIG. 1 additional optional technical means can be added. These technical means can be described in this document.

In an embodiment of the invention and as shown in FIG. 4, the present invention can be

- 48 039936 is directed to a new method and scheme for the production of fuel and / or other products, reducing emissions

CO2 and other emissions, and innovative ways to manage water and energy in these vital processes. The method and plan can be adapted to the geography, available resources and the needs of the particular location.

In embodiment 400, the plan and method relate to minimizing the level of CO2 emitted by the main source or sources of CO2 emissions shown in FIG. 4, such as a thermal plant 222, such as a hydrocarbon burning thermal power plant, a waste-to-energy plant, and/or other thermal plant facility(s) generating CO ₂ , including optionally industrial plants such as cement plants and/or other sources of CO ₂ emission, optionally not included in the thermal plant, for example, in plan, such as a refinery and/or BPP 202, a sludge treatment module 404, which may optionally be implemented in the primary treatment module 104 in FIG. 1, desalination module 214, optional landfill 309, WWTP 402, and/or other optional CO ₂ sources, and shown in FIG. 4. In an embodiment of the invention, the percentage of carbon removed from the waste stream of a thermal plant and/or other sources of CO ₂ emissions, and optionally included as the biomass grows in the water runoff(s) or outlet(s) of the biomass growing module, and/or used in other processes that require carbon dioxide, such as FIG. 4 may comprise about 30 to 80% of the spent carbon stream, or about 50 to 100%, or about 75 to 100%, or about 80 to 100%, or about 80 to 95%.

In one embodiment of the invention, the thermal plant 222 and the biomass growing module 402 and/or other optional producers and/or users of CO2 can preferably be located in a common location, for example, in close proximity, and can be located for convenient transfer of CO2 to the module 402 growing biomass. CO2 can be removed from thermal plant 222 by pre-burning, post-burning, oxy-fuel combustion, and any other means known to those skilled in the art. Carbon dioxide can also be produced by the following optional systems: WWTP 402A, WWTP sludge treatment plant 404, biomass, some types of BGU, biomass treatment, cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol, WWTP sludge, other organic source, anaerobic digestion 204B, optional landfill 309, other processes (eg, Fig. 4) and/or external sources. Carbon dioxide and/or associated gases from any source may optionally be purified and/or otherwise treated by any means known to those skilled in the art before and/or after any of the process of FIG. 4. In some embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 4, the carbon dioxide can be directly or indirectly transferred, for example via a pipeline, to: a biomass growing module and/or a biomass growing module, a biofuel purification/separation plant for use in biomass purification and/or separation facilities involving extraction. supercritical fluids 204C, and/or sent to a water bottling/biomass packaging plant 206 for use in gassing liquids, and/or other purposes, and/or stored either as a gas, a compressed gas, a liquid, and/or a solid (dry ice) and/or may be sold off-site. The carbon dioxide may be recovered using carbon capture and storage (CCS) and/or some other method known in the art where advantageous, optionally included in the purification/treatment module shown in FIG. 4. The use of such different sources and/or destinations for CO ₂ together at the same site allows for greater synergy between different systems. Carbon dioxide can be distributed between these systems using technology such as blowers, piping, sprinklers and/or any other technology known to the person skilled in the art that may be suitable for this purpose.

With reference to Table. 3, the system is configured to use and regenerate carbon dioxide, where the carbon dioxide is provided by:

a) thermal plant module;

b) a sludge treatment module;

c) traditional WWTP module;

d) carbon dioxide storage module;

e) external source(s) of carbon dioxide;

f) cleaning module;

g) refiner module;

h) BPP module;

i) supercritical fluid extraction module;

j) gasification module;

k) BGM;

l) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module;

m) landfill module and/or

- 49 039936

n) source outside the system (off site).

Thus, the combination indicated in the table. 3 may provide an embodiment of the described system.

Thus, with regard to circuit 400, in one embodiment of the invention, for example, the refiner and/or RPP 202 optionally contains a module 204, which may contain any of the following elements: HTR 204A, anaerobic autoclave 204B, supercritical fluid extraction unit 204C media, cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol 204D and/or other biomass and/or biofuel processing processes 204E known to those skilled in the art. The following modules and/or technologies, which may optionally be present, may create carbon dioxide and/or may release carbon dioxide after performing functions for reuse in the network: thermal plant 222, WWTP 402A, WWTP sludge treatment 404, some types of BGUs, consisting from WWTP/BGM module 402, refiner and/or BPP 202 (e.g., additional technologies such as cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol 204D, anaerobic digestion 204B, supercritical fluid extraction 204C and/or other technologies 204E), gasification module 125, optional landfill 309, carbon dioxide storage 406, surrounding carbon dioxide 414, and/or external sources 412. Any or all of these sources may optionally be in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide modules and/or some of the technical means which may be present in modules, e.g. in plan, including: refinery and/or BPP 202, desalinator block 214, WWTP/BGM 402, WWTP 206, carbon dioxide storage 406. WWTP/BGM 402 optionally contains WWTP 402A and/or wastewater treatment BGU 402B, and/or fresh water BGU 402C, and/or salt water BGU (optional including brine) 402D and/or BGU 402E brackish water. Any carbon dioxide stream (which may optionally be combined with other gases, particulate matter, and/or other matter in any process depicted) may be purified and/or otherwise treated at any step in any process depicted. in fig. 4 as shown in module 408. In an embodiment, any portion of the carbon dioxide streams, after optional purification/treatment 408, may be released either back to the network and/or to the environment 410. Oxygen from photosynthetic embodiments of any of the BGU can be transferred to WWTP and/or non-photosynthetic BGU. Within WWTP/BGM 402. In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide generated by thermal unit 222 and/or some other module(s) can be transferred to some other module(s) in network 400 as needed. For example , in an embodiment, the carbon dioxide can be transferred to the network storage 406, with or without cleaning/processing in the module 408, and then sent to the carbon dioxide release device and/or to the output object 410. Sludge treatment unit 404 may supply carbon dioxide to the network. The WWPP (Water Filler) 206 can use carbon dioxide to prepare pressurized soda water for drinking. Photosynthetic and/or mixotrophic BGUs of any of the indicated water types (402B, 402, 402D and/or 402E) or other water types may use carbon dioxide from any of the indicated source(s) to grow biomass. In one embodiment where WWTP 402A can be used concurrently with BGM 402B, carbon dioxide from WWTP 402A can be transferred to any one or more BGUs 402B, 402C, 402D, 402E to promote biomass growth, and/or oxygen from any one or more BGUs 402B, 402C, 402D, 402E may be transferred to WWTP 402A to promote bacterial breakdown of the waste. Other biomass treatments can be used as BGUs, in which the biomass can metabolize or ferment carbon dioxide and/or other gases such as hydrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide and/or other gases and convert them into other chemical structures. These systems can also receive carbon dioxide like BGU.

As shown in FIG. 4, the flows of carbon dioxide depicted by lines or arrows may be optional and controllable. Optionally controlled carbon dioxide streams (eg, lines and/or arrows 300), carbon dioxide storage 406, and production, collection, transport, processing, and/or management of carbon dioxide in the modules and/or streams of FIG. 4 may be performed in any way disclosed and/or known to a person skilled in the art. The "network" as described in connection with FIG. 4 may not necessarily mean one large interconnected system. It may contain any combination of separate carbon dioxide communication systems between any two or more modules. Thus, the network may comprise any one or more distinct systems for transferring carbon dioxide between a subset of the modules depicted in FIG. 4. These systems may combine or partially combine carbon dioxide streams at any point in any of the process depicted.

In one embodiment, water, aqueous solution, steam, air, and/or other gases may be used to extract and/or distribute heat, pressure, and/or other energy from thermal plant 222 to biomass growing module 402 and/or other facilities for facilitating the purification, processing and return of biomass and/or biofuels from BGM 402 as fuel to thermal plant 222, for the production of other products and/or for other processes, for example, as described in this document.

As shown in FIG. 4, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 400 configured to use and recover carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide being supplied from: a thermal plant module 222; sludge processing module 404; traditional module 402A WWTP; a carbon dioxide storage module 406; external source(s) 414 of carbon dioxide; cleaning module 408; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; a supercritical fluid extraction module 204C; module 125 gasification; BGM 402; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 204D; polygon module 309; and/or off-site sources 412. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which carbon dioxide is from: thermal unit 222; sludge processing module 404; traditional module 402A WWTP; a carbon dioxide storage module 406; external source(s) 414 of carbon dioxide; cleaning module 408; module 202 refiner; module 202 BRR; a supercritical fluid extraction module 204C; module 125 gasification; BGM 402; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 204D; polygon module 309; and/or offsite source(s) 412 are optionally fed to: BGM 402; refiner module 202; module 202 BRR; cleaning/processing module 408; a carbon dioxide storage module 406; module 206 WWRR; desalination module 214; and/or a release and/or output module 410. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which oxygen produced in BGM 402 is sent to a traditional WWTP module 402A.

As shown in FIG. 4, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for utilizing and recovering carbon dioxide, including generating carbon dioxide in a thermal plant module 222; sludge processing module 404; traditional module 402A WWTP; a carbon dioxide storage module 406; external source(s) 414 of carbon dioxide; cleaning module 408; refiner module 202; module 202 BPP; supercritical fluid extraction module 204C; module 125 gasification; BGM 402; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 204D; polygon module 309; and/or off-site sources 412 using carbon dioxide in a generating module and recovering any unused carbon dioxide for additional use or release, the carbon dioxide being produced or obtained by: a thermal plant module 222; sludge processing module 404; traditional module 402A WWTP; a carbon dioxide storage module 406; external source(s) 414 of carbon dioxide; cleaning module 408; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; a supercritical fluid extraction module 204C; module 125 gasification; BGM 402; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 204D; polygon module 309; and/or off-site source(s) 412. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which carbon dioxide from the module 222 thermal installation; sludge processing module 404; traditional module 402A WWTP; a carbon dioxide storage module 406; external source(s) 414 of carbon dioxide; cleaning module 408; module 202 refiner; module 202 BPP; a supercritical fluid extraction module 204C; module 125 gasification; BGM 402; cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 204D; polygon module 309; and/or off-site source(s) 412 are optionally fed to BGM 402; refiner module 202; module 202 BPP; cleaning/processing module 408; a carbon dioxide storage module 406; module 206 WWRR; desalination module 214; and/or a release and/or output module 410. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which oxygen produced in BGM 402 is sent to a traditional WWTP module 402A.

In some embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 4, carbon dioxide can be directly or indirectly transferred, for example, via a pipeline to a biomass growth module and/or a biomass growth module, to a biofuel purification/separation plant for use in biomass purification and/or separation facilities involving supercritical fluid extraction. media, and/or sent to a water bottling/biomass packaging plant for use in liquid carbonation, and/or other purposes, and/or stored either as gas, compressed gas, liquid and/or solid (dry ice) , and/or may be sold off-site.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 4 and/or 2, or in another description relating to heat production and/or transfer, the plan may reduce carbon dioxide emissions (e.g., conventional combustion thermal plant) and/or use CO ₂ to obtain additional power from some source with BGM. This represents a very attractive synergy with off-site carbon dioxide producers. In one embodiment of the invention, for example, a local (possibly off-site) thermal plant (for example, a coal-fired power plant or an industrial plant) sends exhaust gases (for example, flue gases), optionally pre-treated, to a BGM that can provide power with essentially full carbon sequestration (e.g. zero or low carbon emissions), reduction of other emissions such as SOx, NOx, particulate matter and/or metals, and production of BGM biofuels from emissions for additional energy and/or for export. In one or more embodiments of the invention, examples of additional and / or alternative sources of energy production that can be used as technical

- 51 039936 means of thermal power plants in terms of, as off-site thermal power plants and / or as additional non-thermal energy sources, include installations using coal, fuel oil, nuclear, solid fuels (for example, petroleum coke, biomass and / or other ), wind, solar thermal and/or photovoltaic, geothermal, hydroelectric, microhydro, combined heat and power and/or other systems suitable for this purpose. These additional systems may be connected to the plan to provide any combination of the following benefits and/or other benefits as outlined in this document for thermal installations and may include, in a phased design, increased power generation; reduction of carbon dioxide and/or other emissions from these installations in the BGM; providing a source of cooling water from WWTBGU and/or WWTP; extracting heat for use in NTR, desalination, heating of the BGM, BGU unit(s) and/or components thereof and/or for other on site heat applications as shown in FIG. 2; and/or to reduce reserve stocks.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 4, carbon dioxide may be emitted during the production of cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol and/or as part of the operation of a thermal plant burning the resulting fuels. Thus, carbon dioxide can be collected and/or used in other aspects of the plan. This and other optional sources, and the use of carbon dioxide in the plan are shown in FIG. 4 and disclosed herein.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 4 and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to flows of other gases, heat, refrigeration, water, fuels and/or materials of any type, to control these flows of carbon dioxide and/or any other flows in the plan sensors and/or flow controllers with any characteristics can be used. These streams may be fully or partially stored prior to use as described (eg, these streams may be stored overnight and sent to the photosynthetic BGM for

In a non-limiting number of embodiments 500, as shown in FIG. 5, a biomass growth module (BGM) may comprise one or more biomass growth units (BGUs). BGUs may be used alone or in combination with one another, possibly sharing and/or exchanging resources and/or flows to form a BGM. For example, in a first embodiment of this aspect, fluid intake 501, single BGU 502, and fluid outflow 503 may be the first combination. In a second embodiment of the invention, fluid intake 505 into first BGU 504, outflow/inflow 507, second BGU 506, and outlet 509, in series, may be the second combination. In a third embodiment, the system may comprise n BGUs arranged in parallel, where n may be 2 to 30, or 2 to 10, or 2 to 5. For example, fluid intake 511, first BGU 508, and outflow 513 may be in first sequence. Parallel to the first sequence, fluid intake 515, second BGU 510, and outflow 517 may be in the second sequence. In a fourth embodiment of the invention, two parallel BGUs can be connected in fluid communication, for example, to control inflows and outflows and/or to provide other results for both BGUs, such as sharing certain components, controlled mixing of different types of water at certain stages , exchange of certain infrastructure, and/or for other purposes. Such advantages may apply to all BGU configurations in which fluid communication may exist. The fluid intake 519, the first BGU 512 and the outflow 521 form the first sequence. Fluid intake 523, second BGU 516, and outflow 525 form a second sequence. A bridge 514 allows fluid to flow between BGUs 512 and 516. In a fifth embodiment, inflow 527 provides fluid to first BGU 518. Outflow 520 provides fluid to second BGU 522, which also optionally receives fluid inflow 529. Therefore, outflow 531 may be the only outflow from both BGUs. In the sixth embodiment of the invention, an exemplary networking configuration may be presented. Inlet 533 provides fluid to the first BGU 524. The first BGU provides fluid outflows 535, 535A and to the second and third BGUs 526 and 528, respectively. The third BGU 528 provides a fluid outflow 539 to the second BGU 526 and a fluid outflow 541 to the fourth BGU 530. The second and fourth BGUs 526 and 530 exchange fluids through the bridge 527. The second BGU is unloaded through the outflow 537. The fourth BGU is unloaded through the outflow 543. The configurations depicted may be examples of possible configurations of various BGUs within a BGM. The BGM may contain any configuration and/or network of BGUs, as well as inputs and/or outputs of any elements of the BGU unit or other components useful for the intended purpose of growing, maintaining, separating and/or pretreating the biomass.

As shown in FIG. 5, an embodiment of the invention includes a biomass growing system 500 comprising a biomass growing module (BGM) in which the BGM comprises one or more biomass growing units selected from the following configurations: single 502; double serial 504, 506; double parallel 508, 510; two

- 52 039936 512, 514, 516 connected in parallel; sequential downtime networked 518, 520, 522; and/or complex networked 524, 526, 528, 530. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any one or more of the BGUs is: an autotrophic BGU; heterotrophic BGU and/or mixotrophic BGU. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any of the BGUs can share inputs and/or outputs, optionally containing: carbon dioxide; oxygen; water; nutrients; biomass; environment for growth; solvent; carbon source; nitrogen or other gases; and/or source(s) 501, 503, 505, 507, 509, 511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 520, 527, 529, 531, 533, 535, 537, 535A, 539 , 527, 541, 543 lights, and/or share them.

As shown in FIG. 5, an embodiment of the invention includes a biomass growing method including networking a number of biomass growing units in a biomass growing module (BGM), the row comprising a biomass growing unit which is: a single biomass growing unit 502; dual serial block 504, 506 growing biomass; double parallel block 508, 510 growing biomass; double parallel connected block 512, 514, 516 growing biomass; sequential simple, networked block 518, 520, 522 growing biomass; and/or integrated, networked block 524, 526, 528, 530 growing biomass. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which one or more of the BGUs are autotrophic; heterotrophic and/or mixotrophic. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which any of the BGUs share inputs and/or outputs, optionally containing: carbon dioxide; oxygen; water; nutrients; biomass; environment for growth; solvent; carbon source; nitrogen or other gases; and/or source(s) 501, 503, 505, 507, 509, 511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 520, 527, 529, 531, 533, 535, 537, 535A, 539 , 527, 541, 543 lights, and/or exchange them.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 5, a biomass growth module may comprise a number of biomass growth units in any configuration containing any number of the same and/or different BGUs used and/or connected in parallel with completely separate components, any number of BGUs used and/or connected in series, any number of BGUs connected at some stage in their processing, and/or BGUs that share different components and/or equipment, such as a nutrient source, a stress treatment unit, a filtration unit, an extraction unit, a storage tank, piping, heat transfer equipment, carbon dioxide source, extraction unit and/or some other component, resource and/or by-product of the plan such as carbon dioxide, heat, water, oxygen, growth medium, carbon source, solvent and/or other light organic material (for example, volatile organic compounds such as C1- _C10 hydrocarbons, alcohol, ether, complex ether, acid, etc., the volatile compounds being combustible) and/or biomass. (See some configuration examples in Fig. 5).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 5 and/or 6, different BGUs composed of BGMs operate as autotrophic, heterotrophic, and/or mixotrophic during the same time of day (e.g. autotrophic BGU exposed to the sun and heterotrophic BGU in a closed reactor), and/or at different times of the day, and/or can exchange carbon dioxide and/or oxygen and/or other resources in controlled flows.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, BGUs comprised of BGMs that may be used in one or more embodiments of the invention include outdoor basins, indoor basins, channels, high flow basins, waste stabilization basins, other basins with any characteristics, and/or other water objects and/or parts thereof, whether closed and/or open to the environment, and other open and/or closed systems of any kind adapted for biomass growth. BGUs may include nutrient streams, water streams, external and/or internal lighting, water jets, paddle wheels and/or other fluid movement and/or agitation technology, gas supply technology to deliver CO ₂ and/or other gases, and /or any of the wide range of technical means used to enhance the growth and/or processing of biomass.

In one or more embodiments of the invention relating to biomass growing methods and systems and/or plans thereof, such as in FIG. 6, the biomass growing module, some BGUs containing it and/or some components containing BGUs can be installed in contact with the ground, partially and/or completely underground, in contact with water, or partially or completely submerged in water, how it is most advantageous for the location, considering temperature stability and/or optimization. For example, in the cold climate of the Arctic/Antarctic, the biomass growth module or any of its components may preferably be wholly or partly underground and/or installed in a container (eg, bioreactor) filled with water, air and/or other fluid. Either earth, water, ambient air and/or any other material in contact with and/or entering the BGU (e.g. source water) may be heated by a thermal plant (e.g. using waste heat and/or primary process

- 53 039936 heat, as described herein) to maintain a favorable temperature for biomass growth. In an embodiment of the invention, outlets from the BGM, piping and/or other components in the plan can also be installed partially or completely underground. Land that is in contact with the BGM, BGM component(s) and/or other plan components may be heated and/or cooled using heat and/or co-generation cooling from a thermal plant and/or heat from other sources in the plan, and/or other sources (eg geothermal heat if available locally and/or other sources). In one embodiment of the invention, the BGM and/or any of its components may be designed to float on the surface of water, where the water helps regulate the temperature and/or movement of the water in contact with the BGM component (e.g., waves or currents) may be used when blending biomass and/or other elements contained in BGM. In an embodiment of the invention, if the BGM is in contact with water or partially or completely submerged in water, a water tank, pool and/or other water structure can be used to contain water, heat and/or cooling generated by a thermal installation, its outlet and /or other source(s) of heat in the plan (eg, FIG. 2) may be used to control the temperature in the water structure to maintain an optimum temperature in the biomass growing module or any of its component(s). In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass growing module may alternatively or additionally comprise devices and/or structures for accommodating and/or controlling the flow of air around the biomass growing module or any of its components, as well as for heating and/or cooling the air to control the temperature. a biomass growing module or its components using air, other gas and/or steam. For this purpose, heated air, other gas and/or steam and/or co-generated cooling air from a thermal plant and/or other sources in the plan and/or other sources can be used (for example, waste heat and/or air cooling can be sent to a greenhouse and/or other structure containing BGM). In one embodiment of the invention, heat exchangers, reinstallation, restructuring, covers, evaporation methods and/or any other means and/or design suitable for transferring heat to and/or components of the biomass growth module, storage and/or release of heat or otherwise reduce excess heat, can be used to control the temperature of the BGM or any of its components, preferably using electricity, heat and/or cooling provided by the thermal plant and/or other sources in the plan, where possible during implementation and/or operation of these technical means.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, WWTBGU can be used in conjunction with WWTP whereby it can be used to reduce CO ₂ emissions from WWTP and/or provide O 2 to WWTP to achieve near zero carbon dioxide emissions from wastewater treatment. The oxygen produced by the WWTBGU and/or other BGU can also be withdrawn, withdrawn and sold, introduced into the combustion processes of the thermal plant to reduce NOx emissions and/or for other purposes, as in FIG. 25.

As shown in FIG. 6, in contrast to past techniques that rely on one very specific biomass cultivation system, such as a stack of pipes or an algae direct photosynthesis pool system, or separation of biomass in only one way, such as filtering algae, or processing biomass in only one way, such as chemical extraction of oils, or other specific approaches to growing and/or processing biomass, the present invention includes a wide range of different techniques, options and/or configurations to provide a flexible biomass cultivation and/or processing platform capable of adapting from one site to the other based on any given site-specific constraints.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, oxygen obtained from daylight photosynthesis in the BGM is stored and sent back to the BGM at night for the heterotrophic and/or mixotrophic growing process(es). Similarly, carbon dioxide produced in heterotrophic growing processes can be stored overnight and sent back to the BGM during the day for autotrophic biomass growing process(s).

In an embodiment of the invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, additional nutrient supply line(s) 620 may optionally deliver a controlled amount of nutrients (such as nitrogen or phosphorus) from a nutrient source controlled by a driving device, such as a variable speed pump, that receives input from a meter and/or another water and/or biomass measurement device such that a control signal is sent to the driving device to control the flow of nutrients to the BGM or any of its components. The measuring device can be configured to measure the water content of the main nutrients in the system, biomass density, pH, temperature and/or any other factors. All plan systems may have sensors and/or automatic and/or manual valves and/or other flow controllers for distributing materials, applying heat and/or cooling, adding or reducing carbon dioxide, and/or other

- 54 039936 gases, adding or reducing additional water of any type, and/or to meet any other requirements of all systems in the BGM.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, the biomass growing module may include appropriate structures and/or control modules, hardware and/or software such as valves for introducing or venting gases, liquids and/or solids necessary to maintain optimal biomass growth. Sensors can be used to send a signal to the control system, which can then initiate an automatic response to tune the BGM and/or supporting systems, to detect any conditions in the BGM and/or any of its components, atmosphere and/or surrounding systems. For example, a sensor may monitor the temperature of the BGM component and trigger an automatic response to release additional heated water into the pool heating the BGM component to optimize its temperature. This automated system may be computer controlled. Computer software may use intelligent adaptive controls.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, the oxygen and/or other gases released from the BGU may be collected and/or stored and/or redirected for use in heterotrophic biomass growth processes, other processes useful to the plan, and/or may be sold. In one embodiment of the invention, to reduce NOx emissions, the oxygen collected from the BGU can be fully and/or partially introduced into the combustion processes of a thermal plant.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, a BGM may contain not only one process flow, but possibly many different BGUs that use a variety of bioreactors, tanks, pools, with any necessary auxiliary block elements, as in FIG. 6, other designs suitable for the purpose and/or any combination of technical means for growing and/or processing biomass.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 6 or in the other figures and/or in the description relating to the BGU, either a conventional bacteria-based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and/or one or more WWTBGUs may be located in the vicinity of a wastewater treatment facility in any embodiment of the invention. In this sense, WWTP and/or WWTBGU is a wastewater treatment site. These systems may also be operatively linked to shared infrastructure in general and/or may exchange gases (e.g., a photosynthetic WWTBGU may supply oxygen to a WWTP and/or a WWTP may supply CO2 to a photosynthetic WWTBGU, as described herein, e.g., in FIG. 4 and 25). One of these WWTPs or BGUs may be built first, followed by others later, the original system may continue to operate, or may later be partially or completely converted to another type of wastewater treatment system (for example, a WWTP may be built first, a WWTBGU may be added later to run concurrently or to replace WWTP, in whole or in part). Therefore, a plan can have either or both systems. Synergy exists between the two systems when combined, and also when WWTP exists first and is then converted to WWTBGU as described below.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6 and/or any figure or description relating to the WWTBGU, the WWTBGU can effectively perform at least what is commonly referred to in the wastewater industry as secondary wastewater treatment, to a degree superior to conventional WWTP. Primary and possibly tertiary treatment may be required to perform the process to typical domestic wastewater treatment standards. If standard WWTP works and is subsequently converted to WWTBGU, as understood by one skilled in the art and/or as described and/or embodiments of the invention in this specification, or if it works in conjunction with WWTBGU, the primary and/or tertiary infrastructure processing originally developed for WWTP may also be adapted for use in WWTBGU or in conjunction with WWTBGU, and/or if WWTP is adapted for WWTBGU, perhaps some or all of the secondary processing infrastructure may be adapted for use in WWTBGU. If only WWTBGU is being built and some aspects of primary and/or tertiary processing are not needed, these steps can be omitted, reducing infrastructure and/or O&M costs.

Biomass Growth Units Combined to Meet Different Project Objectives: In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, 4, 5, 6, 11 and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to combining plan components with a BGU, all BGUs described herein may be embodied in various combinations, in groups, in conjunction and/or in links (eg Figure 5 depicts linked systems), and/or different orders of priority to achieve specific project goals. For example, to reduce all carbon dioxide and treat all wastewater available in the plan, in one embodiment of the invention, the WWTBGU may be built first to treat all available wastewater, and the SWBGU may be designed and built to reduce any or the remaining CO2 in the event that WWTBGU's CO2 use is maximized to account for the wastewater supply, and the additional CO2 from the thermal plant remains unused. In this embodiment, the SWBGU can be scaled according to the remaining CO2 source to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions at the site. In this example, some other BGU type(s) may also be used instead of WWTBGU or SWBGU if considered more advantageous. For example, instead of WWTBGU, FWBGU can be used where wastewater treatment is not possible or is required as a component of a specific project.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 3, 6, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in description relating to the extraction and/or transfer of heat, the BGM and/or its components, and/or the transfer of water, the BGM, BGU, the BGU element and/or any other components of the BGU may be fully or partially immersed in the pool, other a container, body of water, and/or stream fed from a water source used to collect waste heat from a thermal plant, the temperature of the BGM being controlled by contact with the heated water.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, carbon dioxide produced in heterotrophic growing processes can be stored overnight and sent back to the BGM during the day for autotrophic biomass growing process(s). In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6 and/or in the other figures and/or in the description relating to the transfer of gases, any gases that may be created in any process or step may also be stored and reused in some other process/step biomass growth where beneficial (see FIG. 6) and/or elsewhere in the plan. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, the biomass and/or BGU growth module it contains can operate exclusively as heterotrophic, and organic (bio-based) carbon and oxygen flow can be added to promote growth. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 5 and/or 6, different BGUs composed of BGMs operate as autotrophic, heterotrophic, and/or mixotrophic during the same time of day (e.g., autotrophic BGU exposed to the sun and heterotrophic BGU in a closed reactor) and/or in different time of day, and can exchange carbon dioxide and/or oxygen and/or other resources in controlled flows.

As shown in FIG. 6, in embodiment 600, the biomass growth module comprises a BGU with a growth unit element that optionally receives exhaust gases and/or treated exhaust gases and/or fluids from a contaminant capture module of an exhaust gas recovery module (e.g., FIG. 7, 707, 709, 713, 724, 726, 718) and/or other processing technology(s) 636, which may be combined with a water source 630, optional nutrient flow, and/or other elements to promote growth 634 and/or 636 for specific cultivated biomass species. A source of biomass "seeds" may be added to start and/or support, or to promote biomass growth. In photosynthetic or mixotrophic embodiments, carbon dioxide and/or other gases, such as harmful gases, can be used to produce biomass and oxygen can be released. Oxygen can be stored and/or transferred; oxygen can be used in other processes, for example, in the plan; and/or sold, for example in FIG. 25. In non-photosynthetic or mixed embodiments (eg, heterotrophic and mixotrophic), oxygen may be used and carbon dioxide may be released. Carbon dioxide from these processes can be withdrawn and/or sold and/or used, as indicated, in a different way, for example, in a plan (see Fig. 4).

As shown in FIG. 6, in contrast to past techniques that rely on one very specific biomass cultivation system, such as a stack of pipes or a system of algae direct photosynthesis pools, or separation of biomass in only one way, such as filtering algae, or processing biomass in only one way, such as chemical extraction of oils, or other specific biomass growing and/or processing approaches, the present invention includes a wide range of different techniques, options and/or configurations to provide a flexible biomass growing and/or processing platform capable of adapting from one site to the other based on any given site-specific constraints.

As shown in FIG. 6, grow block element 602 in combination with any subset of the submodules of FIG. 6 may form a viable BGU scheme that may fully or partially replace the BGM of FIG. 2, 3, 4 and/or 5, e.g. BGM 110 and/or 212 and/or WWTP/BGM 402.

The biomass growing unit(s) in the biomass growing module may comprise a growing unit element 602 that may utilize one or more bioreactor(s), pool(s), and/or some other system known to those skilled in the art for growing biomass. For example, one or more flat panel photobioreactors can be used. In some elements of the growth unit, CO2 632 from the exhaust of the thermal plant 222 can be used, either using the exhaust gases of the thermal plant directly or by passing through a contaminant capture module, for example in FIG. 7A

- 56 039936 and 7B, and/or other technical means of processing adapted for this purpose. Fluids carrying pollutants removed from the exhaust stream can also be delivered to the growth unit element, such as those recovered using a pollution control module 705 or a pollution capture module, such as in FIG. 7A and 7B, 713, 726 and/or other technical means suitable for this purpose. Medium, such as fresh medium 604A, in FIG. 6 may be a liquid designed to support the growth and reproduction of biomass. After use by the biomass, excess and/or stale media 624 may optionally be filtered (eg, by cross-flow filtration and/or other filtration methods known to those skilled in the art) 606 and/or optionally stored 604 for later use. An optional nutrient storage unit element 604 stores fresh media 604A, and can be configured to automatically analyze and replenish old media 624 and/or 622 to provide an environment suitable for biomass growth. An optional cross flow filtration unit element 606 takes excess and/or stale media 624 and filters out impurities to provide an environment suitable for biomass growth. The optional overnight storage unit 616 acts as a storage container for overnight biomass cultivation. The optional stress block element 612 receives the biomass and stresses it (eg, high intensity light, blue light, temperature fluctuations, nitrogen starvation/depletion, salt content, and/or other methods known to those skilled in the art) to produce the desired product . An optional element 608 of the stress and extraction block receives and stresses the biomass in addition to extraction, which uses solvents 642 and/or other means known to those skilled in the art to continuously extract desired products from the biomass, generally without destroying cells . Separation techniques such as steam stripping 614 with vapor compression can be used to separate and purify the biofuel 615 that some biomasses produce during cultivation (see FIG. 21).

In an embodiment showing some possible process paths for many different growing methods, grow block element 602 grows a biomass selected from a variety of autotrophic, heterotrophic, and/or mixotrophic biomasses. The growth block element optionally receives fresh medium 604A from the nutrient storage block element 604. The nutrient storage block element 604 receives inputs of fresh nutrients 620 and water from some source 630 (eg, see FIG. 3). After processing, excess and/or old media 624 may optionally be returned to the crossflow filtration unit element 606, and the filtered old media 622 may be returned to the nutrient storage unit element 604. Grow block element 602 may also receive day culture biomass inputs 628 from optional night storage block element 616, biomass and water from optional stress block element 612, biomass and water 625 from optional stress and extraction block element 608, water from any source 630 (eg, see FIG. 3), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), oxygen, and/or other feed gases 632 from an adaptable carbon source 636 (eg, glucose, acetic acid, glycerol, and/or other sources) and/or nitrogen source 634 (eg, nitrate ion supply). Grow unit element 602 may receive inlets and/or supply outlets of gases 631A for storage/use/reuse, and/or gases generated in the grow unit element may be sold 631B. The optional overnight storage block element 616 receives overnight biomass culture inputs 626 from the grow block element 602, overnight biomass culture 640 from the optional stress and extraction block element 608, and fresh media 604A from the optional nutrient storage block element 604.

The optional stress block element 612 receives inputs of biomass and water 603 from the grow block element 602, and biomass and water 646 from the optional stress and extraction block element 608. The resulting stressed biomass and water 648 can be transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 (for further processing). The optional stress and extraction block element 608 receives optional inputs of biomass and water 625 from the grow block element 602, biomass and water 646 from the optional stress block element 612, and/or biomass diurnal culture 638 from the optional overnight storage block element 616 for processing and extraction extraction solvents 642 Stress in block elements 608 or 612 may include high intensity light, blue light, temperature fluctuations, nitrogen starvation/depletion, salt content, and/or other methods known to one of skill in the art. The solvent containing the extracted biomass 644 from the stress and extraction unit 608 can be transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 (for further processing) to obtain useful products such as astaxanthin, arachidonic acid, beta-carotene and/or others. products. Steam stripping with vapor compression and/or other separation techniques 614 (eg, FIG. 21) produce biofuels (eg, ethanol and/or butanol) from growth unit element 602. The resulting purified biofuel can be transferred to the BPP and / or refiner 610 (for further processing

- 57 039936 ki). The biomass and water from the growth unit element 602 can be directly transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 (for further processing), optionally after being processed by any methods disclosed and/or known to a person skilled in the art, including optionally any or all processing steps shown for the fluid outflow of BGM 117 downstream of BGM 110 in FIG. 1, 100 to produce fuel and/or useful products from biomass (eg algae) such as chlorella and spirulina.

In one embodiment of the invention, any module or block element in the BGU may receive any of the following inputs delivered to the module or block element in any way disclosed herein and/or in any way known to a person skilled in the art. in this area: heat and/or cooling, water, carbon dioxide, waste gases, oxygen, light (natural and/or artificial, full spectrum and/or selected wavelengths) and/or other inputs necessary to support biomass growth and processing.

In FIG. 6 and the description above shows a variety of optional process routes for biomass growth and/or processing. In practice, probably only one subset of the inputs and/or modules in FIG. 6 can be used in any BGU, depending on the type of grow unit element used, the type of biomass used, and the type or types of product produced in the BGU.

In one embodiment, the autotrophic growing unit element can grow biomass (eg, algae) autotrophically using light and carbon dioxide. Growing block element 602 will start with an initial biomass culture of an autotrophic species, and may receive inputs of light, carbon dioxide 632, water from any source 630, fresh media 604A, an optional nitrogen and biomass source 634, and water 603, 625, 628 from an optional stress block element 612, an optional stress and extraction block element 608, and/or an optional overnight storage block element 616. The outputs of the autotrophic element of the growth unit may contain 1) oxygen, which can be sent for storage/use/reuse and/or sale, 2) biofuel, which can be purified using separation facilities 614 and transferred to the BPP and/or refinery 610 for further processing; 3) biomass and water, which can be directly transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 for further processing; 4) biomass and water 603, which can be transferred to the optional element 612 of the stress block, which can also receive biomass and water 646 from the optional element 608 of the stress and extraction block, and the resulting biomass and water 648 can be transferred to the BPP and / or refiner 610 for further processing, 5) biomass and water 625, which can be transferred to an optional element 608 of the stress and extraction block, which can also receive biomass and water 646 from the optional element 612 of the stress block. At night, the overnight biomass culture 640 can be transferred to the optional overnight storage block element 616, and during the day, the daytime biomass culture 638 can be transferred back to the stress and extraction block element 608. Extraction solvents 642 may be added to the stress and extraction unit element 608 and the resulting solvent containing the extracted biomass 644 may be transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 for further processing.

In one embodiment of the invention, the heterotrophic growing unit element will grow biomass (eg, algae) heterotrophically in the dark, using conventional organic carbon and oxygen. Growth unit element 602 can receive inputs of oxygen 632, adaptable carbon source 636 (such as glucose, acetic acid, glycerol, and/or other sources), water from any source 630, fresh medium 604A, and/or biomass and water 603, 625 , 628 of an optional stress block element 612, an optional stress and extraction block element 608, and/or an optional night storage block element 616. Growth unit heterotrophic element outputs may contain 1) carbon dioxide, which can be sent for storage/use/reuse and/or sale, 2) biofuel, which can be purified using separation facilities 614 and transferred to the BPP and/or refinery installation 610 for further processing; 3) biomass and water, which can be directly transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 for further processing; 4) biomass and water 603, which can be transferred to the optional element 612 of the stress block, which can also receive biomass and water 646 from the additional element 608 of the stress and extraction block, and the resulting biomass and water 648 can be transferred to the BPP and / or refiner 610 for further processing, 5) biomass and water 625, which can be transferred to an optional element 608 of the stress and extraction block, which can also receive biomass and water 646 from the optional element 612 of the stress block. At night, the overnight biomass culture 640 can be transferred to the optional overnight storage block element 616, and during the day, the daytime biomass culture 638 can be transferred back to the stress and extraction block element 608. Extraction solvents 642 can

- 58 039936 can be added to the element 608 of the stress and extraction unit, and the resulting solvent containing the extracted biomass 644 can be transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 for further processing.

In one embodiment of the invention, the mixotrophic element of the growing unit can grow algae mixotrophically using organic carbon, oxygen, light and carbon dioxide at the same time. Growth unit element 602 can receive inputs of oxygen 632, carbon dioxide 632, adaptable carbon source 636 (such as glucose, acetic acid, glycerol and/or other carbon sources), water from any source 630, fresh medium 604A, nitrogen source 634 and biomass and water 603, 625, 628 from an optional stress block element 612, an optional stress and extraction block element 608, and/or an optional overnight storage block element 616. The outputs of the mixotrophic element of the growing unit may contain 1) carbon dioxide and oxygen, which can be sent for storage/use/reuse and/or sale, 2) biofuel, which can be purified using separation facilities 614 and transferred to the BRR and/ or refiner 610 for further processing; 3) biomass and water, which can be directly transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 for further processing; 4) biomass and water 603, which can be transferred to the optional element 612 of the stress block, which can also receive biomass and water 646 from the additional element 608 of the stress and extraction block, and the resulting biomass and water 648 can be transferred to the BPP and / or refiner 610 for further processing, 5) biomass and water 625, which can be transferred to an optional element 608 of the stress and extraction block, which can also receive biomass and water 646 from the optional element 612 of the stress block. At night, the overnight biomass culture 640 can be transferred to the optional overnight storage block element 616, and during the day, the daytime biomass culture 638 can be transferred back to the stress and extraction block element 608. Extraction solvents 642 may be added to the stress and extraction unit element 608 and the resulting solvent containing the extracted biomass 644 may be transferred to the BPP and/or refiner 610 for further processing.

According to FIG. 6, the embodiment of the invention includes a system 600 capable of growing and processing biomass, comprising a biomass growing unit element 602 selected from: an autotrophic growing unit element 602; heterotrophic element 602 block; and/or mixotrophic element 602 block. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the growth unit element 602 is configured to receive inputs selected from: water from any source 630 selected from: salt water 630; fresh water 630; salt water with high salinity 630; waste water 630; and/or mixtures of the above 630; carbon dioxide 632; oxygen in any form 632; other gases, such as NOx and/or SOx 632; nitrogen source 634; carbon source 636 selected from: glucose 636; acetic acid 636; glycerin 636; sugar cane 636; corn stover 636; miscanthus 636; switchgrass 636; logging waste 636; waste streams 636; and/or Sakharov 636; biomass and water 603, 625; fresh medium 604A; and/or daily culture 628 biomass. Biomass diurnal culture is considered to be biomass culture grown during the daytime. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the growing unit element 602 is configured to optionally release: biomass and water 603; biofuels 605; gases 631A; night culture 626 biomass; and/or excess and/or old media 624. Night biomass culture is considered to be a biomass culture grown at night. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which fresh medium 604A is supplied to the growth block element 602 via an optional nutrient storage block element 604. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the nutrient storage unit element 604 is configured to receive additional inputs selected from: fresh nutrients 620; feed water 630 and/or filtered old media 622. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which daytime biomass culture 628 is supplied via an optional overnight storage unit element(s) 616 . An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the overnight storage unit element(s) 616 is optionally configured to receive inputs selected from: fresh media 635 and/or biomass overnight culture 626, 640 from one or more different inputs. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which nutrient storage unit element 604 is configured to provide a fresh environment 635 to overnight storage unit element(s) 616 . An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which overnight biomass culture 626, 640 is provided to overnight storage unit element(s) 616 via: growth block element 602 and/or stress and extraction block element(s) 608. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the growing unit element 602 is configured to provide and optionally obtain biomass and water 603, 625 for the BPP module 610; module 610 refiner; element (elements) 612 block stress; and/or from them. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which stress block element(s) 612 is optionally configured to provide and obtain biomass and water 646 to and/or from stress and extraction element(s) 608. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which stress block element(s) 612 is configured to provide biomass and water 648 to BPP module 610 and/or refiner module 610. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which element(s) 608 of the stress and extraction unit is configured to obtain a daily biomass culture 638 from an optional element(s) 616 of the night storage unit. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which element(s) 608 of the stress and extraction unit are optionally configured to provide biomass and water 625 to element 602 of the growth unit. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which element(s) 608 of the stress and extraction unit are configured to receive solvent(s) 642 inlet for biomass extraction. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which stress block element(s) 608 is configured to supply a solvent containing extracted biomass 644 to BPP module 610 and/or refiner module 610. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which some of the biofuel 605 is fed to a steam strip with vapor compression and/or to another element 614 of a separation facility unit, such as in FIG. 21. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the vapor compression steam strip and/or other separation facility element 614 is configured to supply a purified biofuel stream 615 to a BPP module 610 and/or a refiner module 610. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the growth unit element 602 is configured to supply gases 631A to the storage/use/reuse/sale unit element 631B, the gases 631A being optionally stored; reused in the growth block element; reused in another element of the growing block; reuse for other purposes in the plan and/or sell. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which redundant and/or stale media 624 is provided for an optional cross flow filtration unit element 606. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which filtered old media 622 from the crossflow filtration unit element 606 is fed into the nutrient storage unit element 604. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any block element is configured to receive a flow of resources, optionally selected from heat and/or cooling, optionally from a plan, such as in FIG. 2; water from some source, optionally from a plan, such as in FIG. 3; carbon dioxide, optionally from the plan, for example in FIG. four; exhaust gases, optional from the plan; oxygen, optionally from the plan, for example in FIG. 25; other gases such as NOx and/or SOx; and/or lighting - natural and/or artificial, full spectrum and/or selected wavelengths. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which element(s) of stress block 612 and/or element(s) 608 of stress and extraction block are configured to receive inputs that are optionally selected from: high intensity light; blue light; temperature fluctuations; nitrogen starvation/depletion; salt content; and/or other methods known to the person skilled in the art.

As shown in FIG. 6, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for producing biomass, including growing biomass in a system 600.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or transfer of heat, heat and/or co-generation cooling from exhaust gases combusted by a thermal plant can be delivered by one or more transport device(s) and used to heat and/or cool BGMs, individual BGUs (BGUs) and /or individual elements of the BGU unit, or components that support optimal biological growth and/or reproduction rate in the biomass growing module. Because biomass growth can typically be temperature dependent, during the cold season and/or diurnal temperature changes and/or other temperature fluctuations, such heat, such as waste heat, in many cases promotes biological growth; and/or may be used in other processes, optionally including heating water for any process or purpose in the plan (see FIG. 2). Waste heat can also be converted to refrigeration (e.g. via cogeneration) to control the temperature of the BGM, individual BGUs and/or BGU component to prevent overheating, in biomass purification/processing such as recycled solvent condensation, to cool/refrigerate biomass products and/or for some other use in the plan.

As shown in FIG. 7A, in some embodiments of exhaust gas recovery module 700, thermal plant 222 supplies exhaust gases (or flue gases) 706 to transport device.

- 60 039936 office 702, which releases 703 combustion products. Gas outlet 704 may be removed from transport device 702. Optional valves, such as control valve 708, control the flow of gases through either riser/transport device 702 and/or outlet 704. Gases 706 not directed to outlet 704 may optionally be treated standard pollution control technology and/or heat recovery technology 705 known to those skilled in the art. Gases passed through vent 704 may be directed through an optional exhaust gas removal module 707, where they may pass through an optional heat recovery unit 710 and then through an optional pollution control module 713, such as another embodiment of the pollution control module 705 which may use some technique(s) known to those skilled in the art (e.g. exhaust gas treatment), but which may focus more on those techniques known to trap contaminants for use in the BGM 714 such as wet scrubber. Any source 712 of water and/or other fluid may provide fluid as needed to the heat recovery unit 710 using facilities such as a heat exchanger 710 and a pollution control/heat recovery unit 705 and a pollution capture module 713. Pollution control/heat recovery devices 705, optional pollution capture module 713, and heat recovery module 710 can supply heat and/or nutrients and/or water and/or other fluids and/or pollutants 720, 730, 731 in the BGM to store and/or direct to other uses of heat and/or water and/or other fluid, such as in plan 714. Propulsion devices 716, 722, and 724 facilitate the movement of gases through this exhaust gas recovery module 707. Waste gases from this process can be sent to the BGM 714 to provide carbon dioxide and/or other gases, for other uses of carbon dioxide, for example, in the plan (Fig. 4) and/or for some use for heating, for example, in plan (FIG. 2) and/or storage and/or exhaust 729. Outlet 704 can transfer anywhere from zero to 100 percent of the exhaust emissions. In one embodiment, vent 704 may carry any selected portion of the emissions, such as CO ₂ , which may be sent directly to the biomass growing module 714 and/or processed using other apparatus and/or methods that may be suitable for preparation purposes. waste or flue gas release 706 for biomass production, and/or optionally treated and directed to other uses of carbon dioxide and/or heat, such as plan and/or storage and/or release 700. Pollution control measures used to treat any waste or flue gases prior to release to the environment, may include facilities such as a wet or dry scrubber, a lime mud spray dryer to remove sulfur and/or chlorine compounds, and/or a baghouse to remove solids particles. Activated carbon may be added to the baghouse to remove mercury and/or dioxins. Other technical means and/or methods known to those skilled in the art may be used to treat exhaust gases prior to exhaust. Heat recovery can be done at some point before being released to the environment using standard facilities such as heat exchangers, and the heat and any water or other fluids and/or contaminants can be fed into the BGM and/or to plan 730.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, heat recovery may take place during the processing step after the use of the contaminant capture module, such as in FIG. 7B. Apart from the change in sequence of the pollution control module and the heat recovery unit, the rest of the circuit remains essentially the same as in FIG. 7A. As shown in FIG. 7B, in some embodiments of exhaust gas recovery module 700A, thermal plant 222 supplies exhaust gases to an optional combustion exhaust vehicle 702. Outlet gases 704 may be removed from transport device 702. Optional valves, such as control valve 708, control the flow of gases through either transport device 702 and/or outlet 704. Gases 706 not directed to outlet 704 may optionally be treated with standard technical pollution control and/or heat recovery technology 705 known to those skilled in the art. Gases that have passed through vent 704 may be directed through an optional exhaust gas recovery module 709, where they may pass through an optional pollution control module 726, such as another embodiment of pollution control module 705 that may use any of the techniques known in the art. those skilled in the art, but who can focus more on techniques known to trap contaminants for use in the BGM, such as a wet scrubber and then to the heat recovery unit 710. Any source 712 of water and/or other fluid may provide fluid as needed to the heat recovery unit 710 using facilities such as a heat exchanger 710 and a pollution control/heat recovery unit 705 and a pollution capture module 726. Pollution control/heat recovery devices 705, an optional pollution capture module 726, and a heat recovery module 710 all provide heat and/or nutrients and/or water and/or other fluids and/or

- 61 039936 pollutants 728 in the BGM for storage and/or direction for other use of heat and/or water and/or other fluid, for example, in plan 714. Optional propulsion devices 716, 722 and 724 facilitate the movement of gases through this module 700 disposal of waste gases. Waste gases 706 from this process may be sent to the BGM to provide carbon dioxide and/or other gases for other uses of carbon dioxide, such as plan (FIG. 4), and/or some use for heating, such as plan (FIG. 2) and/or storage and/or exhaust 718. Outlet 704 can carry anywhere from zero to 100 percent of the exhaust or flue gas emissions.

Reversing the dirt collection module 726 and the heat recovery module 710 in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, in some embodiments, the high heat content of the exhaust gases can be advantageously exploited using the pollutant capture module 726 before they can be directed to heat recovery 710. may also act as a heat exchanger to a certain extent, and additional heat recovery may take place through other optional heat recovery technologies such as heat exchangers.

In one embodiment, the pollution control measures 705 used to treat any waste gases prior to release to the environment may include facilities such as a wet and/or dry scrubber, a lime mud spray dryer to remove sulfur, and /or chlorine compounds and/or baghouse to remove particulate matter. Activated carbon may be added to the baghouse to remove mercury and/or dioxins. Other means known to those skilled in the art may be used to treat exhaust gases prior to exhaust. Heat recovery may optionally be carried out at some stage prior to release to the environment by standard technical means such as heat exchangers, and the heat and any water or other fluids and/or pollutants may be fed into the BGM and/or or plan 730.

Thus (eg, as described at 700 or 700A) and/or in other manner known to one of ordinary skill in the art, exhaust gas outlet 706 may be treated (eg, to remove contaminants) and the heat previously captured is either transferred 730 to the biomass growing module 714, or released into the environment, or both. In one embodiment, controlled quantities of waste gases 706 from this process may be sent to BGM 714 to provide carbon dioxide and/or elsewhere, for example carbon dioxide may be used in a plan such as in FIG. 4. This carbon dioxide stream may optionally be further processed prior to such use. In one embodiment, pollution control module 726 and/or pollution control module 705 can separate volatile organic compounds from water, react with NOx compounds, condense certain compounds, capture sulfur oxides, recycle useful, weak sulfurous acid, capture particulate matter, trap metals, dioxins/furans and/or otherwise treat exhaust gas outlets. In one embodiment of the invention, the content of CO ₂ and NOx of these streams in BGM 714 can significantly contribute to photosynthesis in the biomass growing module in photosynthesis variants. In one embodiment, the nitrogen enriched water from these processes can be directed to promote the growth of crops other than those in the biomass growing module. In water, such as used in the contaminant control module 726 and/or BGM 714, sulfur dioxide forms sulfurous acid (H ₂ SO ₃ ), a weak acid. One valuable use of sulfurous acid may be to restore alkaline and saline soils and/or water. In an embodiment of the invention, it can be used where it would be useful, for example, in the plan and/or beyond.

With regard to circuits 700 or 700A in the embodiment of the invention, considering the content of contaminants in the exhaust gases and / or any liquid discharge from the pollution control module, and / or liquid discharge from the pollution control module, which should be directed to the BGM , liquid outlet and/or waste gases sent to the BGM (whether they are processed by the exhaust gas disposal module 700, 700A or other means) may be processed in any manner known to those skilled in the art to provide biomass growth. For example, if the gases contain high levels of sulfur oxides (SOx) or the liquid outlet has high SOx emissions, the BGM may be allowed to lower the pH of the outlet to levels less than biomass levels, or the liquid outlet and/or the BGM may be treated with sodium hydroxide and/or other chemical to raise the pH to levels acceptable to the biomass. Any other treatment method(s) known to the person skilled in the art may be used to prepare exhaust gases and/or liquids of any type for introduction into the BGM or specific BGUs within the BGM.

As shown in FIG. 7A and 7B, an embodiment of the invention includes a system comprising: A thermal plant module 222 containing an exhaust gas source 706; moreover, the exhaust gases contain carbon dioxide; and while the transport device 702 carries the exhaust gases from the source; while the outlet 704 therefrom transfers any part of the exhaust gases from the transport device to the exhaust gas disposal module, containing: one or more valves 708; one or more driving devices 716; a heat recovery module 710; and/or module 713,

726 trapping contaminants.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the outlet section 703 of the transport device 702 is configured to transfer any portion of the exhaust gases 706 to the outlet 729.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which one or more valves 708 are located on the transport device 702 to control the flow of exhaust gases 706 through the exhaust section 703.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a pollution control module 705, a pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or a heat recovery module 705 are installed on the exhaust section 703.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the pollution control module 705, pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or one or both of the heat recovery modules 705, 710 are configured to optionally provide heat, water, gases, carbon dioxide, or other fluid(s) and/or contaminants 720, 730, 731 for BGM 714 either directly from thermal unit 222, or optionally after treatment 705 for pollution control, chemical treatment and/or combination with water 712, 728 from other sources, optionally from the plan, for example in FIG. 3.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which pollution control module 705, pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or one or both of heat recovery modules 705, 710 are configured to store or retain 718 heat, water, gases, dioxide carbon or other fluid(s) and/or contaminants 720, 730 before providing heat, water, gases, carbon dioxide or other fluid(s) and/or contaminants 720, 730, 731 for BGM 714, optionally after treatment for pollution control, chemical treatment and/or combination with water 728 from other sources.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the pollution control module 705, the pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or the heat recovery module 705, 710 uses the heat exchanger 710.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system where pollution control module 705, pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or heat recovery module 705, 710 uses: activated carbon, hearth coke, zeolites, lime, chlorine, nebulizers, sorbents , filtration, photochemical techniques, selective catalytic reduction, dry scrubber, wet scrubber, such as a spray column, tray column, packed bed column, two-pass wet scrubber and/or other wet scrubber; and/or any of the above elements in any sequence or combination.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the exhaust section 703 is configured to optionally exhaust 729 any portion of the exhaust gases 706.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which an optional valve 708 near or at the beginning of the outlet 704 is configured to control the flow of exhaust gases 706 from the transport device 702 through the exhaust gas disposal module 707, 709.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system that optionally includes one or more driving devices 716 to control the flow of exhaust gases 706 from the transport device 702 through the exhaust section 703, through the outlet 704 and through the exhaust gas disposal module 707, 709.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which an optional heat recovery module 710 is either upstream (eg, FIG. 7A) or downstream (eg, FIG. 7B) of the contaminant capture module 713, 726.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system where water from any source in plan 712, optionally pre-treated, can be used in a pollutant capture module 713, 726, pollution control module 705, and/or any of the modules 705 , 710 heat recovery.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system where water from any plan source or other fluids, optionally pre-treated 712, can be used in heat recovery modules 705, 710.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which gases containing carbon dioxide and/or remaining heat 724 after the above process, for example, in the exhaust gas disposal module 707, 709, are fed to the BGM, and/or other heat and/or carbon dioxide is used either directly or after mixing with other gases 718, and/or stored for later use in BGM and/or for release 718.

- 63 039936

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the driving device(s) 716 is selected from a damper, a blower, and a combination thereof.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system including control pressure on the outlet 704, the outlet of the outlet section 703 and/or the transport device 702 by controlling the valves 708 and/or the operation of the driving device(s) 716.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a pollution capture module 713, 726, an exhaust gas recovery module 707, 709, a pollution control and/or heat recovery module(s) 705, 710 are configured to remove pollutants from the exhaust gases. 706 to water 712 and transfer of contaminants to BGM 714 through water; while BGM 714 is configured to remove and/or use in pollutants: any part of the organic compounds contained therein; any part of the sulfur compounds they contain; any part of the solid particles they contain; any part of the metals they contain; any part of the heat contained in them, relative to the ambient temperature; any part of the sulfur oxides converted to sulfurous acid; any part of the sulfur oxide(s), in which optional salts are removed from the water using sulfurous acid resulting from the removal of the oxide(s) from exhaust gases and conversion to sulfurous acid in water; and/or any part of the flue gas Nox emissions that can become available to the biomass as nitrogen compounds is recovered from the waste gases into water.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system configured to control the biomass growth rate in the BGM 718 by: exposing the biomass to the heat removed from the exhaust gases 706 to the water used in the contaminant capture module 713, 726 and/or other modules 705, 710 heat recovery, and/or heat remaining in the exhaust gases 724; distributing therein at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases 706; distributing nitrogen compounds derived from NOx in exhaust gases 706 and water 712 sprayed in pollution control module 713, 726 and/or pollution control module 705; distribution of other organic compounds from waste gases 706, which can be used by biomass; distribution of other inorganic compounds from exhaust gases 706, which can be used by biomass; and/or exposing more surface area of the biomass to exhaust gases 706 and optionally light, heat, and/or nutrients by foaming the water in which the biomass grows by pulsing the exhaust gas flow 706 in the BGM 718 and/or changing the exhaust flow rate. gases across a flat cross-section in the BGM growth block element to create a mixing action.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system for managing biomass growth resources comprising a pollution control module 705, a pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or one or more heat recovery modules 705, 710 configured to optionally provide heat, water, gases , carbon dioxide, other fluid(s) and/or contaminants 720 in BGM 714 and/or another module 718 or process for using heat or water in the system.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a pollution control module 705, a pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or one or more heat recovery modules 705, 710 are optionally configured to provide heat, water, gases, carbon dioxide, other fluid(s) and/or contaminants 720 for another module, circuit, component, etc., or directly, after processing, and/or after mixing with other fluids, and/or for storage for subsequent use in the BGM 714, 718, and/or for release 700, 700A.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which pollution control module 705, pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or heat recovery module(s) 705, 710 utilize heat exchanger 710.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which pollution control module 705, pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or heat recovery module(s) 705, 710 uses: activated carbon, hearth oven cokes, zeolites, lime, chlorine, nebulizers, sorbents, filtration, photochemical methods, selective catalytic reduction, dry scrubber, wet scrubber, such as a spray column, tray column, packed bed column, two pass wet scrubber and/or other wet scrubber; other pollution control or trapping techniques known to those skilled in the art, and/or any of the above elements in any sequence or combination.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which an optional heat recovery module 710 is provided either upstream (eg, FIG. 7A) or downstream (eg, FIG. 7B) of the contaminant capture module 713, 726.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system where water from any source in plan 712, optionally pre-treated, can be used in a pollutant capture module 713, 726, pollution control module 705, and/or any of the modules 705 , 710 heat recovery.

- 64 039936

Further, as shown in FIG. 7A and 7B, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for capturing exhaust gases (within an integrated power generation system, fuel generation, and an integrated waste treatment system) including extracting exhaust gas 706 from a thermal plant system 222, transporting exhaust gas 706 to an outlet 704, functionally associated with the thermal installation 222; and diverting a portion of the exhaust gas 706 to a gas utilization module 707, 709.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method including discharging a portion of the exhaust gas 706 to an exhaust section 703, a pollution control module 705, a pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or a heat recovery module 705, 710 provided on the exhaust section 703 and extracting from part of the exhaust gas 706 heat, water, gases, carbon dioxide or other fluid(s) and/or pollutants 720.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method including storing and/or delivering heat, water, gases, carbon dioxide or other fluid(s) and/or contaminants 720 to BGM 714 or another system module.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method for managing biomass growth resources, including providing a system comprising a pollution control module 705, a pollution capture module 713, 726, and/or one or more heat recovery modules 705, 710, configured to optionally provide heat, water, gases, carbon dioxide, other fluid(s) and/or contaminants 720 for BGM 714 and/or other use of heat or water by a module or process in a system.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7A and 7B, an embodiment of the invention includes an exhaust gas recovery method including post-treatment of the exhaust gas with water and contaminants 720 removed from exhaust gases 706, such as in a second scrubber process, such as in FIG. 22, a two-pass wet NOx scrubber, and/or other process.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7A and 7B, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for recovering alkaline water and/or salt water and/or soil, comprising treating alkaline water and/or salt water and/or soil with water and contaminants 720 removed from exhaust gases 706, for example, using any means known to those skilled in the art.

With regard to the extraction of carbon dioxide, for example, as shown in FIG. 7A and/or 7B, power plant exhaust gas may be 3-15% carbon dioxide. If an oxy-fuel process can be used, the percentage of carbon dioxide can be much higher. In one embodiment of the invention, it can be expected that almost 100% of the carbon dioxide introduced into the biomass growing module can be converted to biomass using the photobioreactor(s) and photosynthetic algae in the BGM, and a significant part, which can be from 50 to 85% , can be used in embodiments of the invention using pool or other open systems. In an embodiment of the invention, the percentage of carbon emitted from exhaust gases and converted to biomass in the biomass growing module may be 30 to 80% carbon, or 50 to 100%, or 70 to 100%, or 75 to 100%, or 80 to 100%, or 80 to 95% carbon.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 4 and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to flows of other gases, heat, cooling, water, fuels and/or materials of any type, to control these carbon dioxide flows and/or any other flows, for example in terms of , sensors and / or flow controllers with any characteristics can be used. The streams may be fully or partially stored prior to use as described (eg, these streams may be stored overnight and sent to the photosynthetic BGM throughout the day).

Emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), especially NO, for example, in waste gases, often cannot be practically removed by wet scrubbers due to low solubility in water. However, acidic water may be more effective in removing NOx. In addition, lower temperature water may be more effective in removing NOx.

As shown in FIG. 22, the two-pass wet NOx scrubber 2200 provides a means for cleaning polluted gases in a more efficient manner than a conventional one-pass wet scrubber. A transport device or bleed 2210, such as those used to transfer gases from thermal plant 222 to pollution control module 705 or pollution capture module 713, such as in FIG. 7A or 7B carries exhaust gases to the first wet scrubber pass 2240, which utilizes water from any source 2230 in the scrubber in any manner known to those skilled in the art. The outflow of water from this process transfers heat and/or contaminants 2250 to an optional module 2252 for disposal and reuse. This water outflow 2250 can substantially remove the SOx content from the exhaust gases, which can be converted in water to sulfurous acid, lowering the pH level.

- 65 039936 water, possibly up to a pH between 4 and 6. Water with a lower pH may be more effective at reducing NOx emissions in exhaust gases when used in the second pass than water with a neutral pH, or may be more easily treated to optimize the pH for the wet scrubber. After the optional heat recovery, which can lower the temperature of the water, further increasing its effectiveness in reducing NOx as the scrubber feed water while still providing heat in plan 2252, any portion of the contaminant water 2256 may optionally be treated with some in a manner known to those skilled in the art and directed for use in a BGM, for storage or other use of heat and/or water, such as plan 2280. Any other portion of the water and contaminants 2254 may be optionally further treated or in a manner known to those skilled in the art 2258, including the optional addition of chemicals (eg, ammonia, urea and other chemicals) 2260 in preparation for use in the scrubber. The resulting aqueous mixture can then be used in one or two different ways: in the first pass of the wet scrubber 2274, 2230, 2240; and/or in the second pass 2270, 2276 of the wet scrubber. Any portion of the waterborne contaminants 2274 may be returned to provide any portion of the feed water 2230 when used in the first pass wet scrubber (first pass wet scrubber) 2240 operation, lowering the pH of the feed water and increasing its efficiency at removal of NOx, and/or in the exhaust gas stream downstream of the first scrubber pass 2250, being used in whole or in part as feed water 2270 for the second wet scrubber section (i.e., second pass) 2276. Thus, the second pass can be carried out with lower pH water and can provide a more effective reduction of NOx gas in the exhaust gas stream. This scrubber treatment may be carried out in the presence of one or more 2272 catalysts and/or in some other manner known to those skilled in the art to effectively reduce NOx emissions (eg, ceramic supported catalysts used to aid in NOx reduction). The effluent from the second passage 2278 can then be sent either directly to the BGM 2280 or processed in some manner known to those skilled in the art and then sent to the BGM for storage and/or other use of heat and/or water, for example plan 2280. A two-pass wet NOx scrubber may be used in combination with any other pollution control, capture and/or abatement means known to those skilled in the art (e.g., in a 705 pollution control module or module 713 capturing contaminants, for example, Fig. 7A or 7B). Some form of additional treatment known to one of skill in the art may be used at any stage, such as before the first scrubber pass, between the first and second passes, and/or after the second pass 2220, 2282, 2284.

As shown in FIG. 22, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 2200 configured to reduce gaseous NOx and SOx emissions of the exhaust gas, said exhaust gas being optionally delivered to a BGM 2280, the system comprising: a transport device or vent 2210 configured to direct the exhaust gas to wet scrubber 2240; a wet scrubber 2240 configured to use water from any source 2230 in the system, configured to collect SOx in the exhaust gas (first pass 2240); and wherein the scrubber 2240 detects effluents of water, heat, and/or other contaminants 2250, and wherein the effluent of water, heat, and/or other contaminants 2250 is used for post-treatment (second pass 2276), the post-treatment being effective to remove NOx. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the outflow of water, heat and/or contaminants 2250 from the first passage 2240, optionally processed 2256, is fully or partially provided for: a module 2252 for disposal and reuse; BGM 2280; storage module(s) 2280; module for recycling and using other heat in plan 2280, for example in FIG. 2; and/or a module for recycling and using water in plan 2280, such as in FIG. 3. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any portion of the outflow of water and/or contaminants 2254 is chemically treated 2258, 2260 for use in a scrubber. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which optionally any portion 2274 of the obtained, optionally treated, outflow of water and/or contaminants 2270 from the first pass 2240 is used in the first pass 2240 of the scrubber after optional mixing with the water source 2230. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any portion of the optionally treated effluent water and/or contaminants 2270, optionally mixed with another water source, is directed for use in the second scrubber pass 2276. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which one or more catalysts 2272 are used in a scrubber 2276. A catalyst is defined as a chemical that promotes a beneficial chemical reaction, including some type of reducing agent, optionally containing anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia and/or urea. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the outflow of water, heat and/or pollutants 2278 from the second

- 66 039936 scrubber stroke 2276, optionally treated, sent to BGM 2280 for use; storage module(s) 2280; a heat recovery and utilization module in plan 2280, for example in FIG. 2; and/or a module for recycling and using water in plan 2280, such as in FIG. 3. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which an optional treatment of the exhaust gas is carried out: before use in the first pass 2220 of the scrubber; between the first scrubber pass and the second scrubber pass 2282; and/or after the second pass 2284 scrubber. Optional treatment is defined as the optional reduction of fouling, temperature change, volume reduction of gases, addition of other gases and/or any other means known to those skilled in the art of gas production for optimal use in one or more scrubber passes or for further treatment (e.g., preparation for release to the environment) after the completion of one or more scrubber passes. As shown in FIG. 22, an embodiment of the invention includes a contaminant management and treatment system 2200 wherein water and/or contaminants from any source 2278, optionally treated, are provided to: BGM 2280; storage module(s) 2280; module for heat recovery and use in plan 2280, such as in FIG. 2; and/or a module for recycling and using water in plan 2280, such as in FIG. 3. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which water and/or contaminants are heated before being fed into one or more of the modules: BGM 2280; storage module(s) 2280; a heat recovery and utilization module in plan 2280, for example in FIG. 2; and/or a module for recycling and using water in plan 2280, such as in FIG. 3. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat, water and/or contaminants 2278 are provided by the outflow of a wet scrubber 2276.

As shown in FIG. 22, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for cleaning SOx and NOx contaminants from a flue gas, including: directing exhaust gas through a transport device or outlet 2210 to a scrubber 2240, cleaning exhaust gases with a fluid in a scrubber configured to remove pollutants SOx from the exhaust gas, and cleaning the exhaust gas in the second scrubber 2276 using a fluid. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the second scrubber 2276 is a scrubber. An embodiment of the invention includes a process in which the fluid is chemically treated 2258, 2260 prior to exhaust gas scrubber and/or second scrubber 2276 treatment.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 9, the hydrothermal liquefaction process 900 includes pressurized feed tanks 902 capable of receiving biomass and/or biofeedstock 903 that can be pumped, such as syringe pumps 904, to a preheater, such as a horizontal oil jacketed heater 906. A continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) 908 receives and heats preheated biomass and/or biofeedstock. A downstream reactor, such as an oil-jacketed piston mode reactor 910, breaks down the cellular structure of any remaining biomass and sends it to a filtration/purification operation, such as a filter separator 912. A liquid product, such as an oil or a mixture of oil and water, can be routed to a collection container or process, such as 914 oil-jacketed fluid manifolds. The biofeedstock or purified biofuel exits the process through the backpressure regulator 916, main WTM 918 and sampling WTM 920 with outlet 922.

The water resources required to absorb and transfer heat (eg waste heat) from thermal installations can be very significant. When this large amount of waste heat can be released to the environment in the form of heated air, steam and/or water, and/or in other ways, energy can be lost, water can be used, and can have a harmful effect on the environment. The systems herein efficiently utilize heat, including waste heat, for various processes, such as as described herein.

As shown in FIG. 15A, despite the concentration of biofuel in the biomass, the biomass/water slurry, such as the treated biomass/water slurry (TBW slurry) 1504, may be transferred to a heat treatment, such as a thermal plant 222, for use as a cooling fluid. In embodiment 1500A (module #1), an optional pump 1502 directs treated biomass 1504 into an aqueous slurry through heat exchanger 1506 to provide cooling for a heat treatment, such as a cooling/condensation step of a thermodynamic cycle, such as a Rankine cycle, and/or other processing steps, where some kind of heat treatment, such as heat plant 222, may require cooling water. Thus, the resulting mixture of hot biomass and/or biofeedstock and/or mixture 1508 of biofuel and water can optionally be sent to a refiner and/or BPP 1514 and/or BGM 110, 212, 402 and/or transferred to a separator module 1510. Depending on the separation technology used and whether a sufficient temperature can be reached to in situ convert the biomass to biofeedstock and/or biofuel by NTR and/or other process, the hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry 1512 , and/or hot biofeedstock and/or biofuel (gaseous or liquid) 1513 can be transferred to the refiner and/or WPP 1514. Thereafter, the heat from

- 67 039936 heat treatment module No. 1 can be selected in module 1518, heat recovery module. Water, pressure, gases (eg, carbon dioxide) and/or other by-products may also be disposed of in module 1518 at this stage. In this embodiment, hot water/steam 1516 may be separated and sent to module 1518 from separation module 1510. In an embodiment, effluent from the refinery and/or WPP may be directed to module 1518 to recover heat, water, pressure, gases (for example, carbon dioxide). Alternatively, in one embodiment, the hot biomass and/or biofeedstock and/or biofuel/water mixture 1508 may be redirected through another passage in any heat exchanger in the system or plan 1507 prior to being sent to separation module 1510 and/or to refiner and/or BPP 1514, pumping 1507 the hot mixture through another heat exchanger 1506 and then going through all of the steps above. In an embodiment of the invention, this method may be repeated any number of times to achieve the desired temperature. Thus, the 1504 TBW slurry can be gradually heated through various heat transfer processes. This can help reduce the biofouling process and/or other problems associated with rapid heating to high temperatures. The heat exchanger(s) 1506, 1507 in this process or other processes disclosed may employ technical means to prevent or prevent fouling, including the selection of advantageous heat exchanger designs, the use of special materials to protect the heat exchangers such as titanium, a layer of magnetite, other coatings, and /or materials, quench fluid pretreatment, quench fluid additives such as pH, temperature, and flow regulators, and other measures known to those skilled in the art to prevent biofouling due to biomass content in 1504 TBW slurry and/or other types of pollution, or may include other technical means that are not specifically referred to or considered as heat exchangers, but may be suitable for heat transfer and/or cooling.

In one embodiment, the heated solution, which may be the product of the initial heat exchange process or other process steps, may be treated in any manner known in the art and/or may be combined with other fluid source(s) prior to the following steps, shown in FIG. 15A. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 15A and/or 15B at some point in the process of FIG. 15A, additional heat, optional primary process heat of a thermal plant, and/or heat from another source (eg, a dedicated burner) may be applied where this may be useful. The refiner and/or BPP 1514 may further refine the materials directed thereto, for example, as described herein. In one embodiment, the biofeedstock and/or biofuel(s) resulting from this process may be sent to thermal plant 222 to provide energy and/or may be taken offsite. In one embodiment, the heat transfer process 1506 may be used to heat the TBW slurry 1504 to optimize the temperature in the BGM 110/212/402 rather than cleaning or preheating for cleaning. In this embodiment, the TBW slurry downstream of the heat exchanger 1508 may be sent in whole or in part to the BGM 110/212/402. In one embodiment of the invention, any one or more processing paths downstream of the heat exchanger 1506 can be observed using separate modules 1500A. For example, in one embodiment 1500A, a high heat exchanger 1507 can be used to separate and purify biomass, such as 1510 or 1514, and another separate module 1500A can be used in another heat exchanger 1507 to provide a lower heated fluid temperature for BGM, for example 1500A.

In an embodiment of the invention and with reference to FIG. 15B and with reference, optionally, to FIG. 3, the 1500V option can be described. An optional pump 1502 transfers a fluid, such as a cooling fluid 1521, to a heat exchanger 1520 to supply heated fluid 1522, which can then be transferred for direct use, for example, to a plan and/or a heat recovery unit and/or a fluid recovery unit , and/or optionally a pressure recovery unit 1524. In addition, in one embodiment of the invention, any source 1521 of the fluid can be directed through two or more heat exchange operations 1520, for example, to a location in plan 1524, before being used, for example, in plan 1524 for other heating operations and/ or for other purposes in which the heated fluid 1522 may be useful. The heated fluid 1522 is optionally used by the BGM 110/212/402 feedwater source 1522, either directly or mixed with other source(s) (e.g., to optimize BGU temperature and/or other aspects important to biomass growth) and/or optionally in an embodiment, the heated fluid 1522 may be directed to a heat recovery unit and/or a fluid recovery unit and/or a pressure recovery unit 1524 to recover the heat, fluid, and/or pressure in whole or in part, and then the fluid 1523 can be transferred and used either directly or in combination with other fluid(s) for use as feed water for BGM 110/212/402 and/or any BGU and/or any block element

- 68 039936

BGU consisting of BGM. In an embodiment, the heated fluid 1522 may be directed to a heat recovery unit and/or a fluid recovery unit and/or a pressure recovery unit 1524 to extract all or part of the heat, fluid, and/or pressure, and then the fluid 1525 may be transferred and used either directly or in combination with other fluid(s) to power container 1220 which keeps fluid 1525 separate from BGM 1218/110/212/402 but allows heat to be transferred to BGM 1218/110/212/402 and/or any BGU, and/or any BGU element consisting of a BGM. Thus, heat or heated fluid 1522, 1524 can be used, for example, in the plan directly and/or disposed of for some use, for example, in the plan (see Fig. 2). Where water can be used, water can also be recovered and used, for example in FIG. 3. Other fluids used in this process may also be disposed of. Where possible, the pressure can also be regenerated and used where it is beneficial, for example in plan (eg in Fig. 23, 2300). In an embodiment in such a mode, optionally, of a thermal process (e.g., thermal plant 222), waste heat and/or heat from some other fluid, source, or process in plan, system, or scheme can be transferred to the biomass/water slurry 1504 and/or BGM 110, 212, 402, 1218, or as heated in heat exchanger 1522, and/or after optional disposal, in whole or in part, of heat, fluid and/or pressure 1524, 1523 for use in whole or in part as feed water to BGM 101 and/or any individual BGU 600 containing BGM and/or any individual grow unit element consisting of BGU 630, 602 and/or any other grow unit element consisting of BGU, e.g. in fig. 6, 600, and/or to heat the BGM indirectly using fluid 1525 after optional disposal, in whole or in part, of heat, fluid and/or pressure 1524, fluid 1525 optionally being combined with other fluids using container 1220 , which keeps the heated fluid separate from the BGM 1218, 110, 212, 402. These systems and/or methods of heat transfer can be used in the BGM 1218, 110, 212, 402 and/or any separate BGU 600 containing BGM, and/ or any individual element of the growth block 630, 602, and/or any other element of the block consisting of BGUs, such as in FIG. 6, 600, and/or for heat recovery using plan 1524, FIG. 2, to use heat where it can be most efficient in terms of. In an embodiment of the invention, when using a different configuration of water sources and/or heat exchangers, for example, any source 1521 of water and/or other fluid can be used to cool the thermal process or fluid and/or to extract heat from any fluid environment, source and/or process, and then to transfer heat to the biomass/water slurry 1504 and/or BGM 1218, 110, 212, 402 through heat exchange or some other method known to those skilled in the art and/or waste heat can be used in some other process in which heat can be useful, for example, in a plan (Fig. 2), including, in an embodiment of the invention, cogeneration to obtain cooling, also intended for use in a plan, system or scheme, for example in Fig. 2. In thermal plant processes in which air can be used to fire the boiler or to cool the working fluid, heat recovery module #1 (FIG. 15A) and/or heat recovery module #2 (FIG. 15B) using a heat exchanger (eg 1506 and/or 1520) can be used to transfer heat from air to a biomass/water slurry, such as in FIG. 7A and/or FIG. 7B. In an embodiment of the invention, any number or sequence of any of the heat exchange modules #1 or #2 shown in FIG. 15A or 15V (1500A or 1500V), or some other heat exchange process in any thermal process. For example, some type of heat exchanger in FIG. 15A or 15B, 1506, 1520 may be used as a first step to cool the working fluid at high temperature to transfer heat to heat exchange for high temperature applications such as biomass refining, and/or any number of subsequent steps may be used subsequently. applications of either the heat exchange module 15A or 15B, or another method may subsequently be used, for example, to further cool the working fluid and transfer, for example, lower levels of heat into the plan for application at a lower temperature, for example, heating BGM 110/212/ 402, or any of its components, to an optimum temperature, into a storage module for later use of heat, such as in plan and/or for other purposes, such as in FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 15A and 15B and FIG. 16-18, an embodiment of the invention includes a heat transfer system comprising a heat transfer module 1500A 1500B configured to transfer heat from a thermal process to the system module and/or treated biomass/water slurry 1504, such as in FIG. 15A.

As shown in FIG. 15A and 15B and FIG. 16-18, an embodiment of the invention includes a heat transfer system comprising a heat transfer module 1500A 1500B configured to transfer heat from a thermal process to the system module via a heat exchanger 1506, 1520 in plan view, such as in FIG. 15A or 15V.

- 69 039936

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the module configuration 1500A,

Heat transfer 1500B contains a biomass/water slurry, such as treated biomass/water slurry 1504, in operative connection with a heat exchanger 1506, such as in FIG. 15A.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a biomass/water slurry, such as a treated biomass/water slurry 1504, is fully or partially converted to biofeedstock 1508 and/or biofuel 1508 in heat transfer module 1500A.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the heat exchanger 1506 contains an outflow containing in a liquid and/or gaseous state: hot biomass 1508; hot bio-raw material 1508; hot biofuel 1508 and/or water 1508/steam 1508.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which additional heat is provided to the heat transfer module 1500A from a separate heat source.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the separate heat source is a burner.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the outflow 1508 is directed to another one or more heat exchange processes 1507.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which effluent 1508 is directed to: refiner module 1514; module 1514 BRR; BGM 110/212/402; and/or separation module 1510.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the separation module 1510 BPP contains outputs, optionally containing: hot biomass and/or suspension 1512 of biofuel and water; hot biofeed and/or biofuel 1513 (gaseous and/or liquid); and/or hot water and/or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuel 1516.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which hot biomass and/or slurry 1512 of biofuel and water and/or hot biofeedstock and/or biofuel 1513 (gaseous and/or liquid) is sent to a refiner module 1514 and/or module 1514 VRR.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which effluent 1515 from refiner module 1514 and/or BPP module 1514 is optionally directed to heat recovery and reuse modules 1518, such as in FIG. 2, water 1518, for example in FIG. 3 and/or pressure 1518, such as in FIG. 23.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which hot water and/or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuel 1516 is optionally sent to heat recovery and reuse modules 1518, such as in FIG. 2, water 1518, for example in FIG. 3 and/or pressure 1518, such as in FIG. 23.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which effluent 1508 containing hot biomass, biofeedstock, biofuel and/or water (liquid or gaseous) is sent to BGM 110/212/402.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system capable of allowing fluid 1521, optionally containing any source of fluid, if water, such as in FIG. 3 is fed to the heat exchanger 1520 through an optional pump 1502, such as in FIG. 15V.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which water 1521 in plan view, such as in FIG. 3 is used as the heat exchange fluid, for example in FIG. 15V.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat exchanger 1520 has an outflow of heated fluid 1522.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heated fluid 1522 is directed for use in a plan or modules for optional disposal and reuse in heat plan 1524, such as in FIG. 2, water 1524, for example in FIG. 3, fluid 1524 and/or pressure 1524, such as in FIG. 23.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which some portion of the heated fluid 1522 is sent to the BGM 110/212/402 for use in whole or in part as BGM feedwater.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the modules 1524 are configured to produce an outlet 1523, 1525 of regenerated fluid.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which some of the regenerated fluid 1523 is sent to BGM 110/212/402 for use in whole or in part as BGM feedwater.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which some of the regenerated fluid 1525 is sent to a heat transfer container 1220 in the plan, such as in FIG. 12c, fig. 2.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a heat transfer container 1220 in plan, such as in FIG. 12c, fig. 2 is configured to be in contact with BGM 1218, 110/212/402.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any of the heat exchangers 1506, 1507, 1520 in any one or more of these systems is configured to cool one or more thermal processes and receive heat from them.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the thermal process is a thermodynamic process.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the thermodynamic process is a thermodynamic cycle.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system that is a Rankine cycle 1600, for example in FIG. 16.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system that is a simple loop 1700, such as in FIG. 17.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system whose thermodynamic cycle whose thermodynamic cycle cycle is a combined cycle 1800, such as in FIG. eighteen.

As shown in FIG. 15A and 15B and FIG. 16-18, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for transferring heat to a component or module, including providing a heat exchange system 1500A, 1500B, 1600, 1700, 1800, transferring heat to a heat exchange module 1500A, 1500B, 1600, 1700, 1800, and transferring heat to the system module and/or treated biomass/water slurry 1504.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the heat exchange module 1500A, 1600, 1700, 1800 contains an outflow containing in a liquid and/or gaseous state: hot biomass 1508 1512; hot bio-raw materials 1508, 1513; hot biofuel 1508, 1512, 1513, 1516; and/or water 1508, 1512, 1516/steam 1508, 1512, 1516.

As shown in FIG. 15A and 15B and FIG. 16-18, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for transferring heat to a component or module, including providing a system 1500A, 1500B, 1600, 1700, 1800 and receiving heat in a thermal process, transferring heat to a heat exchanger 1506, 1507, 1520 and transferring heat into a system component or module, e.g. BGM 110/212/402, 1218.

The processes described in FIG. 15A and/or 15B may be used at one or more points in the Rankine cycle. In a specific embodiment of the invention 1600, and as shown in FIG. 16, system 1500A and/or 1500B may be integrated into a Rankine cycle. An optional pump 1622 directs the aqueous biomass slurry, such as the treated biomass/water slurry 1624, through the heat exchanger 1636, in which the hot biomass/water mixture 1620 can now be transferred to another (not necessarily the same) heat exchange operation 1636 and/or to the BGM 110, 212, 402, and/or to the optional splitter module 1606, and/or directly to the refiner, and/or BPP 1604. Hot water and/or steam from the splitter module 1612 can be returned for direct use, such as in plan or for indirect use in the plan through the installation 1632 heat recovery, fluid recovery and/or pressure recovery. In the second process, the pump 1628 pumps any usable fluid source 1630 through the heat exchanger 1634 and the heated fluid 1626 is returned for direct use, such as in the plan, and/or for indirect use in the plan via the heat recovery unit 1632, fluid recovery and /or disposal pressure. Heat exchangers 1634 and 1636 may interact with the boiler/pump/turbine system. For example, boiler 1602 heats water to steam 1614, which drives turbine 1616. Output water/steam 1618 downstream of turbine 1616 can be treated via heat exchangers 1634 and 1636. Wastewater pump 1638 transports reclaimed water to boiler 1602. Module odor control 1642 (eg, 1300) optionally supplies air to the boiler burners, and exhaust gases 1640 may be supplied to exhaust gas recovery modules, such as 700 and/or 700A in FIG. 7A and 7B. Separation module 1606 directs hot biomass, biofeeds and/or biofuels and water 1608 and/or hot biomass and/or biofuels in gaseous and/or liquid form 1610 to a refiner and/or BPP 1604. In an embodiment of the invention, the process described above, for example , 1600, and any number or combination of 1500A and/or 1500B modules may be used in a standard Rankine cycle or in any variation of a Rankine cycle, including a reheat Rankine cycle, a Rankine recovery cycle (with an open or closed feedwater heater), a supercritical fluid Rankine cycle, organic Rankine cycle, and some other variant of the Rankine cycle in which cooling may be required at some point in the cycle, with one likely use of the process being the condensing step of the cycle.

In an embodiment 1700, and as shown in FIG. 17, system 1500A and/or 1500B may be integrated into a simple loop. In this embodiment, the pump 1728 delivers the treated biomass aqueous suspension 1730 to the heat exchanger 1711. The hot biomass, biomass and/or biofuel and aqueous mixture 1708 can then be sent to another heat exchange process 1711 (not necessarily the same) and/or either directly to the refiner 1738 and/or BPP 1738 and/or to the BGM 110, 212, 402 and/or to the optional separation module 1732. The separation module 1732 provides hot biomass, biofeed and/or biofuel/water mixture 1740, and/ or hot biofeed and/or biofuel blend 1736 for the refiner and/or BPP 1738 for further processing. Hot water and/or steam 1734 from separation module 1732 can be

- 71 039936 transferred for direct use, for example in the plan, or for indirect use in the plan by heat recovery, fluid recovery and / or pressure recovery 1726. Fuel 1702, such as biofuel, prepared and / or separated, from the biomass growing module 212, may be combusted in combustion chamber 1704 with compressed air 1709 exiting compressor 1712. Exhaust gases 1706 drive gas turbine 1710 and then 1706 may be fed to heat exchanger 1711 and then optionally heat exchanger 1716. Cooled exhaust gases 1718 may then be disposed of and/or processed by a disposal module, such as 700 or 700A. The heat exchanger 1716 may be supplied with any fluid 1720, optionally with a pump 1722, and the heated fluid 1724 is returned to the recycling unit 1726. The air supplied to the compressor 1712 may optionally be supplied from an odor control module 1714, such as 1300. thermal processes producing waste gases can be directed to the exhaust gas recovery module (FIG. 7A or 7B) for additional heat recovery, treatment to remove pollutants and use of carbon dioxide and other processes in this system and / or other methods of treatment / control with pollution.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as the embodiments shown in FIGS. 15A, 15B, 16, 17 and/or 18, regardless of the concentration of biofuel in the biomass, the biomass/water slurry is transferred to a thermal plant for use as a cooling fluid. The biomass/water slurry may pass through a heat exchanger to provide cooling to a thermal plant, such as the cooling/condensation step of a thermodynamic cycle (eg, Rankine cycle, etc.), and/or other process steps that require cooling water in a thermal plant. . Optionally, heat from a thermal plant may be transferred to the biomass/water slurry using a different configuration of water sources and/or heat exchangers, e.g., to cool the thermal plant and/or to transfer heat to the biomass/water slurry via heat exchange, and/or some other any water and/or other source of fluid may be used in the process.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, fig. 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to selection and /or heat transfer, the waste heat of the thermal plant is used to clean the TBW slurry and/or increase its temperature to reduce the amount of heat required for the HPT and/or other cleaning processes. Depending on the operating temperature and/or pressure reached in the heat exchanger, some or all of the biomass contained in the heated TBW slurry can be converted into biofeedstock and possibly other biofuels in situ (i.e. by being passed through this process) by means of NTR and/or other mechanism.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to heat extraction and/or transfer, depending on the amount of heat required for NTR or NTR preheating, when used, and/or other processes and/or design parameters such as the type, size and/or operating temperature of the working fluid used thermal plant, the volume of water available from the TBW slurry and/or other sources in the plan, and/or the amount of cooling required in the thermal plant to reach the full condensation stage in any thermodynamic cycle, to cool the thermal plant and/or to transfer waste heat of a thermal plant in a plan, only one or more than one heat exchange process using a TBW slurry and/or some other source of fluid can be used, and in any sequence. For example, a heat exchanger containing a TBW slurry may first be used in the condensation step of the thermodynamic cycle, and/or another heat exchanger containing a different source of fluid may be used second, and as a third stage of cooling the working fluid and/or transferring heat to the plan, another heat exchanger using a third fluid source may be used.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the initial heat exchange process, due to the higher temperatures, may be used to provide heat for the high temperature NTR TBW slurry, and a second or third heat exchange process may be required to further lower the working fluid temperature to complete the condensation step of the thermodynamic cycle. In one embodiment of the invention, the waste heat from the second or third heat exchange process can be directed to use reduced heat in the plan, such as heating BGM, cellulosic ethanol, and/or to processes that require any amount of heating/preheating, such like desalination. In one embodiment of the invention, any residual heat from other processes in the plan requiring heat supply may be directed to desalination. Alternatively, only one or

- 72 039936 more than two different heat exchange processes using some type of cooling fluid, depending on design considerations, for example, whether it is preferable to carry out the NTR or other process in situ, or in a refinery. In one embodiment of the invention, the TBW slurry and/or some other source of fluid may also be heated in two or more heat exchangers, which is also advantageous, for example, if more gradual heating of the TBW slurry may be beneficial to avoid system problems such as like bio-pollution. In this embodiment, for example, a slurry of TBW at ambient temperature can be sent to one heat exchange process that raises the temperature to a certain point (for example, 120°C), and then can be sent to another heat exchange process to further raise the temperature to 350° C., for example, or another temperature favorable for preheating or HTR. Similarly, any other source of fluid in the plan (eg, FIG. 15B) may also be routed through two or more heat exchangers in the circuit (including step 1520) prior to use in plan/disposal 1524 in order to optimize technical factors and/or provide the optimal amount and/or temperature of the heated fluid for any application in the plan. These heat exchange processes can take place in the same thermal process, thermodynamic cycle, in different technical means of a thermal installation and/or in some other process in which heat can be either generated and/or recovered. In one embodiment of the invention, all heat and/or cogeneration cooling (which is generated by heating) needs can be accounted for in the plan, and heat/waste heat at different temperatures can be prioritized and budgeted for all heat and/or cooling needs within the plan. , wherein part or all of the heat is supplied by some heat exchange process in the condensing step of the thermodynamic cycle, by some other thermal process in the thermal plant, including possibly raw process heat and/or heat and/or recovered heat from any source (sources) of heat in the plan (see Fig. 2). In one embodiment of the invention, the heat demand in all processes can also be scheduled according to the need for cooling of all thermal plant facilities, so that sufficient cooling is provided, and any remaining heat after heating in all other processes requiring heating can be sent to a desalination plant, if available in the plan, and/or possibly released.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 15A and/or 15B at some point in the process of FIG. 15A, additional heat, optional primary process heat of a thermal plant, and/or heat from another source (eg, a dedicated burner) may be applied where this may be useful.

As shown in FIG. 18 and in embodiment 1800, system 1500A and/or 1500B may be integrated into a combined cycle. In the gas cycle 1701, fuel 1702, such as biofuel, prepared and/or separated from biomass growing module 212, can be burned in combustion chamber 1704 with compressed air 1709 exiting compressor 1712. Exhaust gases 1706 drive gas turbine 1710 and 1706 may then be fed to heat exchanger 1711 and then optionally to heat exchanger No. 2 1716. Air supplied to compressor 1712 may optionally be supplied from an odor control module 1714, such as 1300. Gases exiting heat exchanger 1711 may be supplied to an optional heat exchanger 1716. The cooled exhaust gases 1718 may then be disposed of and/or processed by a recovery module, such as 700 or 700A. In the steam cycle 1801, a pump 1812 delivers water through a heat exchanger 1711 and the resulting steam 1802 drives a turbine 1804. The recovered steam and water can optionally be processed through heat exchanger #3 1806, then condenser heat exchanger #4 1808, and water 1811 is returned to pump 1812 The pump 1814 feeds the heat exchanger 1806 with the treated biomass/water slurry 1816, and the hot biomass, biomass and/or biofuel/water mixture 1818 exiting the heat exchanger 1806 may then be directed to either another heat exchange process 1806 (not necessarily the same), and/or directly to the refiner and/or BPP 1826, and/or to BGM 110, 212, 402, and/or to additional separation module 1732. Hot biomass and/or mixture 1820 of biofuel and water, and/or hot mixture 1822 biofeedstock and/or biofuels can be sent to the refiner and/or BPP 1826. Hot water and/or steam 1824 from the separation module 1732 can be sent to the direct use, for example in the plan, or for indirect use in the plan through the installation 1726 heat recovery, fluid recovery and/or pressure recovery. Optional heat exchanger 1716 may be supplied with any fluid 1720 via pump 1722 and the heated fluid returned to disposal unit 1726. Optional heat exchanger 1808 may be supplied with any fluid 1813 via pump 1810 and the heated fluid returned to recycling unit 1726.

Heat or refrigeration, either generated or recovered from any process as described herein, may be transferred to the plan in any manner known to one skilled in the art. In FIG. 12A-12E show some non-limiting

- 73 039936 embodiments of the invention.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 12A, heated fluid 1208, for example, which may be a source of heated water from a thermal plant and/or other heat-intensive facility, may be sent to heat exchanger 1200. Cooled fluid, such as water and biomass 1202, may be passed separately to heat exchanger 1200. The heat from the heated fluid 1208 may be transferred to the cooled fluid 1202 such that after heat exchange, the cooled fluid 1204 and the heated fluid 1206 exit the heat exchanger 1200.

As shown in FIG. 12B, heated fluid 1216 may be transferred to block 1212, such as a BGM, and processed, after which heat may be transferred to module 1210, after which heat and fluid may be disposed of 1210. Another fluid, such as heated fluid from a thermal unit 1214 may supply heat, cooling, nutrients, acid, alkali, and/or some other element to module 1212. For example, if heated fluid 1216 may be too hot for process 1212, another fluid may be used to control the temperature. Wednesday. If other elements may be involved in this treatment (eg biomass), these elements may be provided and/or processed, for example, as described herein.

As shown in FIG. 12C, heated fluid (eg, water) 1216 may be transferred to module 1220. Module 1220 may include another module 1218 that requires heat input to operate. After the heat is transferred, the fluid may be transferred to the module 1222, after which the heat and fluid from the heated fluid 1216 may be recovered.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 3, 6, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or description relating to heat extraction and/or transmission, BGM and/or its components, and/or water transfer, BGM, BGU, BGU element and/or any other BGU component may be wholly or partly immersed in a pool, other container , a body of water (e.g. pool, lake or stream) fed from a water source, e.g. on site or off site, used to provide cooling or alternatively to collect waste heat from a thermal plant and/or to supply heat, wherein the temperature of the BGM is controlled by contact with a source of heated or cold water. Heated and/or cooled air and/or other fluid, for example from a thermal plant and/or other modules, can be used to fill containers, which can be configured to contact or partially or completely surround the BGM, BGU and/or whatever - any of their heat transfer and/or cooling components. Heat and/or cooling may be supplied by 234 offsite water sources 228, optionally including water supply provided by offsite water source(s), including fresh water source 302, salt water intake 314, and/or other heat and/or cooling sources. , for example in gaseous and/or liquid form, originating off site.

As shown in FIG. 12D, heated fluid, such as water 1224, may be transferred to heat storage module 1226. The heat storage unit 1226 optionally receives another heated fluid. Once needed, heat storage unit 1226 transfers heat to another module 1227 and any excess heat and/or fluid can be transferred to module 1228. The same process can be used where cooling replaces heat in the process to store and /or transfer cooling. This process can be used anywhere, for example, in a plan in which heat and/or cooling may be available, for example, to control and/or regulate the flow of heat, cooling and/or fluids for any process.

As shown in FIG. 12E, heated fluid 1232, such as water used to cool a thermal plant, may be transferred to cogeneration cooling facility module 1234. The cooled fluid may be used and/or reused in module 1236.

In an embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 12B, 12C, and 12D, cooling may be replaced by heat, wherever heat or "heat" may be noted, and cooling may be substituted for heat to reverse the processes depicted.

As shown in FIG. 19, in one embodiment of the invention, the treated biomass/water slurry 1910 may be pumped into the first section of a boiler configured with two sections 1922. The application of heat 1924 causes partial or complete in-situ HTR and/or other purification and/or 3-layer separation. : 1) light oil, possibly mixed with biomass; 2) water; and optionally 3) a heavy oil, optionally mixed with biomass and residues. Effluents remove materials at controlled rates from each of the three layers 1927, which can then be sent to a refiner and/or BPP 1929. All effluents from the refiner and/or BPP 1925 can be directed to heat recovery, water recovery and/or waste pressure 1930. Boiler 1922 has a selective filtration compartment 2010 that allows water and possibly other small molecules such as ethanol to pass through the first section into the second section (referred to herein as the inner section). An optional agitator/agitator device may be provided in the first section to unload the selectively permeable layer 2003. Water and possibly

- 74 039936 other small molecules that pass from the first section to the second section, possibly in combination with another source of water injected into the second section, can be converted to vapor and traces of biomass, biofeed and/or biofeed 1902, and the resulting pressure leads the turbine 1904 is activated. The resulting mixture, optionally containing steam, hot biomass, biofeedstock, biofuel and/or water, or a part of this (for example, steam) 1906, can then optionally be cooled with heat recovery and used in the plan 1916 in the condenser 1918. Then the cooled biofuel/water mixture 1912 may be sent to a refiner 1908.

Alternately or simultaneously, after exiting turbine 1904, mixture 1906 may be sent directly to refiner 1908. All effluents 1925 from refiner and/or WPP 1908 may be directed to heat recovery, water recovery, and/or pressure recovery 1930. Air may be optionally supplied to burner 1924 from air odor control module 1928 (eg, 1300). Exhaust gas 1926 may optionally be sampled at exhaust gas recovery module 700 or 700A (eg, with reference to FIG. 7 or 7A). Boiler 1922 may comprise one or more embodiments or circuits for treating a water/biomass/biofuel slurry. For example, as shown in FIG. 20A, boiler 1922 includes a first section wall 2002 and a second section wall 2020. The annular space between the first section wall 2002 and the second section wall 2002 can be configured to contain a multilayer composition, for example, a light oil biomass layer 2006 with a density less than that of water, a water and heavy oil biomass layer 2012, and a residual layer. 2009 with a density greater than that of water. The selective filtration compartment allows water and possibly other small molecules to pass from the first section to the second section 2010. An optional agitator/agitator device may be provided in the first section to unload the selectively permeable layer 2003. To prevent the biofuel from the first section from evaporating and sloshing from the first section to the second section 2004, an optional fixed or movable cover may be provided. The inlet 2008 delivers the treated biomass/water slurry (TBW slurry) into the annulus. An optional drain may be provided for the drain of the second section 2021. The flow rate of the TBW slurry can be controlled using flow controllers. Because TBW slurry can be supplied, drains 2018, 2016 and 2014 can be configured to provide controlled delivery of three layers outside the annulus. To provide additional water flow to the second section of the boiler, if necessary, 2019 an additional optional inlet can be provided. The configuration of the boiler containing the first and/or second forms of sections can be changed to optimize any or all of the processes carried out in the boiler, including the NTR of the biomass contained in the TBW slurry, the evaporation of water, and/or the rates at which these processes occur. .

As shown in FIG. 19-20, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1900 configured to use a treated biomass/water slurry 1910 as the working fluid of the thermodynamic process.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system further comprising a boiler 1922 containing a first 2002 and a second 2020 section, with the first and second areas adapted to process the slurry 1910.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the first section of the boiler 2002 is configured to receive slurry 1910.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system further comprising a selective filtration compartment 2010 located between the first 2002 and second 2020 sections.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the filtration compartment 2010 is configured to pass water from the first section 2002 to the second section 2020.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the filtration compartment 2010 is configured to pass small molecules from the first section 2002 to the second section 2020.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which small molecules have an average molecular weight of 18 to 46 g/mol.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system further comprising a burner or other heat source 1924 configured to heat the first section 2002 and/or the second section 2020.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a burner or other heat source 1924 is configured to receive supply air from an air handling/smell control system 1928, such as in FIG. 13, 1300 for the plan.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a burner or other heat source 1924 is configured to direct exhaust gases 1926 to an exhaust gas recovery system 700, 700A, such as in FIG. 7A or 7B for plan.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system configured to separate the treated aqueous biomass slurry 1910 into one or more layers in a boiler 1922.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system where the bed contains water 2012, light oil/biomass 2006, heavy oil/biomass 2009, and/or residue 2009.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the boiler 1922 contains a waste

2018 communicating with the first section of 2002.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the boiler 1922 includes a second drain 2016 in communication with the first section 2002 and located below the first drain 2018.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the boiler 1922 contains a third drain 2014 in communication with the first section 2002 and located below the second drain 2016.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which water 2012 is below the first drain 2018.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the second drain 2016 communicates over water 2012.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system further configured to drain light oil/biomass layer 2006 and/or optional heavy oil/biomass layer 2009 and/or residues 2009 and/or optional water 2012 and the remaining water layer transferred into second section 2020 and/or merging 2021.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the second section 2020 is configured to vaporize water 2012 and/or small molecules, optionally containing steam 1902, and optionally traces of biomass, biofeedstock and/or biofuel 1902.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which evaporated water and/or small molecules 1902 are sent to drive a turbine 1904 to provide a downstream fluid optionally containing steam 1906, water 1906 and optionally small molecules containing biomass, biofeedstock and /or biofuel 1906.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which downstream fluid 1906 is sent to refiner module 1908; module 1908 BRR; and/or an optional condensing unit 1918 that partially separates the biofuel and water 1912 and recovers the heat 1914, 1916 in a plan, such as in FIG. 2.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the partially separated biofuel and water 1912 is sent to a refiner module 1908 and/or a BRR module 1908.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system further configured to transfer light oil/biomass layer 1927 and/or optional biomass/residue heavy oil layers 1927 and optional water 1927 to refiner module 1929 and/or BRR module 1929.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system further comprising one or more outflows 1925 from refiner module 1929 and/or BPP 1929.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which one or more outflows 1925 are optionally sent to modules for recycling and reuse in terms of heat 1930, such as in FIG. 2, water 1930, for example in FIG. 3 and/or pressure 1930, such as in FIG. 23.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the first 2002 and/or second 2020 boiler section includes a cross-sectional shape selected from: a cylinder; elliptical cylinder; an elliptical cylinder with a longer half ellipse on one side and a shorter half ellipse on the opposite side; and/or any vertical cross-section of the above forms, and they are divided so as to contain both sections 2002, 2020 of the boiler.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the boiler 1922 comprises one or more of the following: a treated biomass/water slurry entry point 2008; an optional cover 2004, which may be movable or fixed; light oil/biomass stock 2018; heavy oil/biomass stock 2014; 2016 water layer drain; optional drain at the bottom of the second section 2021; a protrusion at the top of the second section 2020 that extends above the first section 2002; an optional inlet 2019 to the second section 2020 for additional water supply to the second section 2020 of the boiler 1922; one or more mixing devices 2003 in the first section 2002 for mixing water 2012 to unload the selective filtration compartment 2010 (for example, remove biomass oil or other materials from the selective filtration compartment 2010); and/or in addition to the elements shown, the boiler may also use any other accessories used in boilers that are known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to: pressure regulators, safety valves, water level indicators, sight glass, water pressure gauge or gauge, bottom blowdown valves, continuous blowdown valves, flash tanks, automatic blowdown/continuous heat recovery system, sight holes, steam drum internals, low water shutoff, top blowdown line, circulation pump, feed check valve water, flapper valve, top feed, desuperheater tubes or bundles, and/or chemical injection lines.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the steam supply system 1902, 1904 used in the boiler can also optionally use accessories for the steam supply system known to those skilled in the art.

- 76 039936

As shown in FIG. 19-20, an embodiment of the invention includes a method of transferring heat from a boiler 1922 in a system 1900 to a module, block, or element of a block in the system, including providing a treated biomass/water slurry 1910, heating the slurry 1910 in the boiler 1922 to supply a working fluid environment and the transfer of the working fluid in the module, block or element of the block in the system.

The thermal plant may provide heat and/or cooling (eg, co-generated refrigeration) to purify the biomass and/or biofuel through NTR and/or other biomass and/or biofuel treatment methods, as shown in FIG. 1, represented by arrows labeled heat and/or cooling, leaving the thermal plant and entering the refinery and BPP (downstream processing) and/or for other processes, such as in FIG. 1 and/or 2.

In one embodiment of the invention in FIG. 11 shows various examples of how thermal plant heat can be supplied to these processes using various fluid flows into and/or out of the thermal plant. With reference to FIG. 11, 1100 may show some possible corresponding inflows to thermal plant 1002 (not all inflows): treated biomass/water slurry 1140 from BGM 1110 after optional processing steps, such as in FIG. 1, 100, biofuels 1138, optionally processed after formation in BGM 1110, water 1136 from some water source, e.g., plan 1106, air 1139, optionally from module 1102, 1300 air processing/smell control, other fluids 1134 from any source 1132, biogas 1164 from a gasification module 1118, biofeeds and/or other biofuels 1152 from a refinery and/or RPP 1124, and/or other fuels 1128 from any source 1101, optionally containing waste, biomass and sources in IG 10, 1000. All or any of these inputs can be used in the thermal installation 1002, and water and/or air or other fluid inputs can be used to cool the thermal installation 1002 and in the process of extracting heat from the thermal installation 1002 In FIG. 11 shows some possible effluents of a thermal plant 1002 (not all effluents), when these substances can be heated, containing heat and/or cooling for further processing 1168, hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry 1150, hot biofeedstock and/or biofuel 1148 , hot water and/or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuel 1146, hot water and/or steam from any water source in the circuit, and/or non-heated waste water 1144, heat from some other source 1142, which may include heat taken from the combustion air if it is used in a thermal process (e.g. 700 or 700 A), air and/or any other fluid used in a heat exchanger and/or other heat transfer process, including organic compounds, used in the organic Rankine cycle 1142, and any form of heat and/or co-generated cooling 1168. Hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry 1150 and/or hot biofeedstock and/or biofuel streams 11 48 can then be sent to a refiner and/or RPP for HPT and/or other extraction and/or separation and/or processing 1124. Additional possible inputs for these processes may be shown, including optional pressure 1158 and optional additional heat 1157. Effluents from these processes include hot biofeeds, biofuels and/or biomass 1160, as well as water, pressure, heat, refrigeration, gases and solvent(s) that can be recovered 1126. Hot biofeeds and/or biofuels and/or biomass 1160 from the refiner and/or WWPP 1124, from which heat can be recovered 1120, can then be sent back to the thermal plant as fuel 1152, and/or WWPP (for bottling/packaging) 1116. Water, heat, the pressure, gases, solvent(s), and/or refrigeration from these processes 1156 can be recovered 1126 for reuse, such as in a plan, such as in FIG. 2 (heat and/or cogeneration cooling), FIG. 3 (water) and FIG. 23 (pressure). In addition, any portion of the aforementioned thermal plant effluents may be sent to the gasification module 1118 to produce biogas 1164. purposes, for example, in terms of, for example, as described in this document 1122. The next thermal plant produces hot water and/or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuels 1146 and hot water and/or steam and/or unheated waste water from some source of water, such as plan 1144, heat from some other source 1142, and/or reclaimed water, steam, heat pressure, gases, refrigeration and/or solvents from the refinery and/or BPP 1124A, 1126, 1112 can be used to provide the following resources in the plan: heat/cogeneration cooling, eg, FIG. 2, water (FIG. 3), gases containing carbon dioxide (FIG. 4), solvents and pressure recovery, for example as described herein, and/or, for example in FIG. 23. These resources can be directed to the refinery and/or BPP 1124, and/or to any other location, such as a plan, if needed. Some form of heat and/or co-generated cooling 1168 may be sent to the BRR 1124 for post-treatment of the biomass, which may be performed in the BRR 1124 to assist its processes. Biomass products 1166 obtained from WWPP processes can be sent for filling/packaging to WWPP 1116, as well as partially or completely biofeedstock and/or other biofuels, and/or biomass from the refinery after optional heat recovery 1120. Bio-77 039936 mass /residuals from the refinery / BPP 1124 can be sent 1119 to the gasification module 1118 (optional) and/or 1121 to the BGM and/or for other uses, for example, in plan 1122. Heat and/or cooling, water, steam, carbon dioxide and/or other gases and/or solvents from the BPP processes may be recovered for reuse, such as in plan 1112, 1126, such as in FIG. 2, 3 and/or 4 (heating/cooling, water and/or carbon dioxide). All flows shown in Fig. 11 and throughout this description may optionally be managed streams, and all streams may not be used in all embodiments of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 11, an embodiment of the invention includes a system configured to provide resources to and/or receive resources from a thermal plant module, comprising flows to and/or from the thermal plant module 1002, the streams being selected from: treated biomass/water slurry 1140; biofuels 1138, 1152; biogas 1164; bio-raw materials 1152; biomass 1101; waste 1101; other types of fuel 1128; air 1139; water 1136; anhydrous fluid medium(s) 1132, 1134; mixtures of water and anhydrous fluid(s) 1132, 1134, 1136; hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry 1150; hot biofeed and/or biofuel 1148; hot water or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuel 1146; hot water and/or steam from some source of water in plan, for example, 1144 in FIG. 3; unheated wastewater 1144; and/or heat and/or cooling 1142, 1168 from any one or more of: treated biomass/water slurry 1140; biofuels 1138, 1152; biogas 1164; bio-raw materials 1152; biomass 1101; waste 1101; other types of fuel 1128; air 1139; water 1136; anhydrous fluid medium(s) 1132, 1134; mixtures of water and anhydrous fluid(s) 1132, 1134, 1136; hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry 1150; hot biofeed and/or biofuel 1148; hot water or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuel 1146; hot water and/or steam from some source of water in plan, for example, 1144 in FIG. 3; unheated wastewater 1144; and/or some other source in plan, for example in FIG. 7A or 7B.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system where an optional portion of the biofuel comes from a BGM fluid effluent that is optionally treated (referred to as a treated biomass/water slurry) 1140.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which BGM effluent 1140 is the product of a treatment that optionally includes: tertiary treatment 1110, 114; treatment with a gravity thickener and/or other methods known to the person skilled in the art (eg, Shelef, et al., 1984 and Pandey et al., 2013, pp. 85-110) to concentrate/separate biomass and water 1110, 118; dilution 1110, 118; processing in a refiner module 1110, 120 and/or BPP and/or processing in a heat recovery module 1110, 135.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which, optionally, a portion of the treated biomass/water slurry 1140 is sent to a refiner and/or BPP module 1124A.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biomass products and/or biofuels 1166 are sent from refiner module 1124A and/or RRW to WWRR module 1116.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat and/or cooling 1112, such as in FIG. 2, water 1112, such as in FIG. 3, par 1112, for example in FIG. 3, gases 1112, such as CO ₂ , such as in FIG. 4 pressure 1112, for example in FIG. 23 and/or solvent(s) 1112 are disposed of for plan use from refiner module 1124A and/or BPP.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat and/or cooling 1168 from thermal plant module 1002 is optionally supplied to refiner and/or RPP module 1124A.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry 1150 is processed in refiner module 1124 and/or WRR.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which hot biofeeds and/or biofuels 1148 are processed in a refiner and/or BRR module 1124.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the module 1124 of the refiner and/or BPP creates an output of: biomass 1119; residues 1119; hot biomass, biofeedstock and/or other biofuels 1160; water 1156; pair 1156; heat and/or cooling 1156; pressure 1156; gases 1156; and/or solvent(s) 1156.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which hot biomass, biofeedstock, and/or other biofuels 1160 are sent to an optional heat recovery module 1120.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which hot biomass, biofeeds, and/or other biofuels 1160 are optionally processed in heat recovery module 1120, with biofeeds and/or other biofuels 1150 being provided to thermal plant module 1002.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which, optionally, biomass 1119 and/or residues 1119 is sent from refiner module 1124 and/or BPP to gasification module 1118 and/or sent to BGM 1122 and/or obtained 1121 from it.

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An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the gasification module 1118 produces biogas 1164 and/or residues 1162 from the CHG module and/or the anaerobic digestion module.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biogas 1164 is provided to module 1002 of a thermal plant.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which residues 1162 are sent to BGM 1122 or for other use in plan 1122.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which additional heat and/or cooling 1157 is optionally provided to the refiner module 1124 and/or RRR. The additional heat may include some of the heat needed to perform the cleaning or BPP process that is not supplied by the thermal plant.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which additional heat and/or cooling 1157 is optionally provided by thermal unit 1002.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which additional pressure, optionally from plan (eg, FIG. 23) 1158, is provided to refiner module 1124 and/or BPP.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system further comprising optionally recycled 1126 for use in a heat and/or cooling plan, such as in FIG. 2; pressure, for example in Fig. 23; water, for example, Fig. 3; steam, for example in Fig. 3; and/or gases, for example. CO ₂ , for example in Fig. 4, 1142, 1144, 1146, from thermal unit 1002; and/or heat and/or cooling 1156, such as in FIG. 2; pressure 1156, for example in FIG. 23; solvent(s) 1156, gases 1156, for example. CO ₂ , for example in Fig. four; water 1156, for example in FIG. 3; and/or steam 1156, such as in FIG. 3 from refiner and/or BPP module 1124.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the utilized 1126 for use in terms of heat and/or cooling 1154, such as in FIG. 2; pressure 1154, for example in FIG. 23; water 1154, for example in FIG. 3; par 1154, for example in FIG. 3; gases 1154, i.e. CO ₂ , for example in Fig. four; and/or solvent(s) 1154 are provided to the refiner module 1124 and/or BPP.

As shown in FIG. 11, an embodiment of the invention includes a method of providing resources to and receiving resources from a thermal plant module 1002, including providing system 1100 with one or more streams from treated biomass/water slurry 1140; biofuels 1138, 1152; biogas 1164; bio-raw materials 1152; biomass 1101, 1128; waste 1101, 1128; other types of fuel 1128; air 1139; water 1136; anhydrous fluid medium(s) 1132, 1134; mixtures of water and anhydrous fluid(s) 1132, 1134; hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry 1150; hot biofeed and/or biofuel 1148; hot water or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuel 1146; hot water and/or steam from some source of water in plan, such as 1144 in FIG. 3; unheated wastewater 1144; and/or heating and/or cooling from any one or more of: treated biomass/water slurry 1140; biofuels 1138, 1152; biogas 1164; bio-raw materials 1152; biomass 1101, 1128; waste 1101, 1128; other types of fuel 1128; air 1139; water 1136; anhydrous fluid medium(s) 1132, 1134; mixtures of water and anhydrous fluid(s) 1132, 1134; hot biomass and/or biofuel/water slurry 1150; hot biofeed and/or biofuel 1148; hot water or steam separated from biomass and/or biofuel 1146; hot water and/or steam from some source of water in plan, such as 1144 in FIG. 3; unheated wastewater 1144; and/or some other plan source, such as 1142, 1168 in FIG. 7A or 7B; and flow directions to and from thermal unit 1002.

In FIG. 12A-12E and 15A and 15B illustrate some of the ways in which heat or cooling can be transferred from one source to another within a plan. Fig. 15A, 15B and FIG. 1620D illustrate, in some embodiments, how heat can be transferred to the inflows shown in FIG. 11 that can be used to cool a thermal plant and how the heated outflows shown in FIG. 11 and heat and/or cooling from heated streams. The examples are for illustrative purposes only. Any means known to those skilled in the art may be used for heat transfer and/or cooling.

Biomass, bio-feedstock and/or mixture of biofuels and water, which may be a BGM product, after further possible technical means of processing and/or concentration/separation and/or dilution (see Fig. 1), called the processed biomass/water slurry or slurry TBW, can be used as a cooling fluid in some thermodynamic cycle and/or in some other thermal process, and/or possibly as a working fluid in such processes, in the same way, so that water can be commonly used in any of these processes. Below are some examples. The following options are only examples, and are not intended to limit the use of heat transfer in any way with respect to the plan. Any means of heat transfer known to those skilled in the art can be used to heat and/or cool, either by a standard method known in the art and/or by simply displacing the TBW slurry, which typically uses water, and treating the heated TBW slurry, for example as described in this document.

One method for the treated biomass/water slurry may be to use it as a cooling fluid in any thermodynamic cycle, in particular in the condensation step of the cycle.

In FIG. 15A and 15B show two possible modules that can be used to transfer heat from a thermal plant and/or other sources of heat and/or cooling to a plan.

In FIG. 15A shows a module that uses a treated biomass/water slurry as a cooling fluid in some kind of thermal process, possibly including a thermodynamic cycle. The TBW slurry can be pumped into the heat exchanger and cools the working fluid, removing waste heat in the process. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or heat transfer, the waste heat can be used to clean the TBW slurry and/or raise its temperature to reduce the amount of heat needed for HPT and/or other cleaning processes. Depending on the operating temperature and/or pressure reached in the heat exchanger, some or all of the biomass contained in the heated TBW slurry can be converted into biofeedstock and possibly other biofuels in situ (i.e. by being passed through this process) by means of NTR or other mechanism.

Temperature, pressure and/or any other factors associated with the conversion of TBW biomass to biofeedstock and/or biofuel can be adjusted to optimize the process in light of technical and/or other issues. For example, if it can be determined that in situ conversion of biomass (i.e., in the line used to move the TBW slurry) using such a process could cause equipment fouling and/or interfere with the flow of materials during refiner and/or BPP processing, which is not can be adjusted by removing some materials in advance, such as 1510 and/or other methods known to those skilled in the art, the heat exchanger involved in transferring heat to the TBW slurry can be configured to transfer only enough heat to the TBW slurry to provide additional heat for subsequent NTR and/or other refining processes in the refinery, but insufficient heat to carry out the in-situ NTR process in the heat exchanger or line carrying the TBW slurry. Depending on the completeness of the conversion and the amount of heat that may be removed from the process, yields may vary and further purification may be required to fully convert the heated TBW slurry to biofeedstock and/or biofuel. The heated TBW slurry may optionally be routed through another heat exchange process with some characteristics, such as a plan to provide more heat to the TBW slurry and limited cooling for other purposes, and then may be subjected to some initial separation steps 1510, and then may be delivered to the refiner and/or BPP 1512, 1513, 1514 for any other separation/purification steps (which may ideally be located nearby to reduce heat loss). Heat, water and pressure from cleaning processes can be recovered and reused, for example in plan (FIGS. 2 and 3, heat, water) and/or pressure, for example in FIG. 23. In one embodiment, the heated TBW slurry may be directed to the BGM. In one embodiment of the invention, the TBW slurry can be heated through any number of heat exchange processes to the optimum biomass growth temperature using a heat exchange process in a thermal plant and/or another heat source within the plan. In one embodiment of the invention, any of the described processes can be controlled by sensors and computer controls to take into account changes in temperature, which can be integrated with computer control and automation systems with sensors and computer controls, to determine the parameters of the entire plan and to send signals to control systems for tuning and optimizing performance (for example, and an industrial control system, optionally with adaptive controls and/or artificial intelligence), for example in FIG. 24E.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, if the in-situ conversion of BGM biomass to biofeedstock and/or biofuel has been fully completed (converted TBW slurry), the effluent may be sent to a refiner and/or the initial separation of the resulting products from water may occur before route to the refiner and/or BPP (for example, when movement through the pipeline leading to the refiner will be slowed down by the oil in the converted TBW slurry), and the heated TBW slurry and the initially separated components may be sent to the refiner and/or BPP for more complete separation of these products from water and possible additional purification of these products.

In one embodiment of the invention, if the conversion of the TBW slurry biomass to biofeedstock and/or biofuel has not been fully completed in situ, the heated TBW slurry can be sent to a refiner and/or WPP for HPT and/or other suitable process for separating the biomass from water and cleaning it, and/or in BPP, to be subjected to a treatment suitable for

- 80 039936 for the purpose of processing biomass into other products and/or for separation from water. If HTR and/or other process(es) requiring additional heat can be used in the refiner and/or WPP, the heated TBW slurry can be further heated using a different heat exchanger, or as described herein, and/or some or in a manner known to those skilled in the art, a separate burner, heat from a thermal plant (eg, primary process heat), and/or other heat source to achieve and maintain the heat required for HPT and/or other purification processes. The HTL can be carried out, for example, using the method of FIG. 9. The heat, water and/or pressure in the converted TBW slurry and in other steps of these processes can be recovered (for example, in FIGS. 2 and 3, heat and water, respectively, and pressure, for example in FIG. 23), and used, for example , in terms of.

In an embodiment of the invention, alternatively or additionally, the method shown in FIG. 15A can be used to heat the TBW slurry and the heated TBW slurry can then be sent back to the BGM. Thus, the TBW slurry will serve as a cooling fluid for the thermal plant and also be directly heated to a higher temperature through this process, which can be useful for its use in BGM. This application of the method shown in FIG. 15A is likely to be at a significantly lower temperature than the previous process, where biomass purification may be the goal.

In FIG. 15B shows another module through which heat can be transferred to the plan. Conventional fluid (e.g., water from some source, such as in plan (FIG. 3), other fluid and/or gas from some source, not necessarily containing biomass and/or biofuels) can be used in as a cooling fluid in any thermal process, possibly including a thermodynamic process or thermodynamic cycle, and/or recovering heat from any fluid and transferring it to another purpose within the plan. The heat absorbed by the cooling fluid can be used to supply heat to the plan through direct use, for example, for use as a new water substrate for BGM, direct transfer of heated salt water to a desalination plant and/or other processes, through heat exchangers containing the heat used for the biomass/biofuel separation and/or purification process, the processes depicted in FIG. 12A-12E include possibly co-generated refrigeration and/or some other process requiring heat/refrigeration, such as in FIG. 2. The fluid and/or pressure created in this process can be disposed of and reused, for example in plan (FIG. 3 for water), pressure, for example in FIG. 23. Fluids of any type in the present description may be disposed of and redirected where necessary, for example, to the plan and / or for release, by any means disclosed herein and / or known to specialists in this field of technology .

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to heat extraction and/or transfer, depending on the amount of heat required for NTR or NTR preheating, when used, and/or other processes and/or design parameters such as the type, size and/or operating temperature of the working fluid used thermal plant, the volume of water available from the TBW slurry and/or other sources, for example in plan, and/or the amount of cooling required in the thermal plant to achieve the desired result (for example, to perform a condensation step in any thermodynamic cycle), for cooling a thermal plant and/or for transferring waste heat from a thermal plant to the plan, only one or more than one heat transfer module or heat exchange process can be used, for example in Fig. 15A or 15B, using a TBW slurry and/or some other source fluid medium yes, and in any order. For example, a heat exchanger containing a TBW slurry may first be used in the condensation step of a thermodynamic cycle, and secondly, another heat exchanger containing a different source of fluid may be used, and as a third stage of cooling the working fluid and transferring heat to the plan, another heat exchanger may be used. using a third fluid source.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the initial heat exchange process, due to the higher temperatures, may be used to provide heat for the high temperature NTR TBW slurry, and a second or third heat exchange process may be required to further lower the working fluid temperature to complete the condensation step of the thermodynamic cycle. In one embodiment of the invention, waste heat from the second or third heat exchange process may be directed to use less heat in the plan, such as heating BGM, cellulosic ethanol, and/or processes that may require some amount of heating/preheating, such as like desalination. In one embodiment of the invention, any residual heat from other processes, for example, in terms of requiring heat supply, can be directed to desalination, if present in some embodiments of the invention. Alternatively, in any thermal process (for example, Fig. 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18 or other thermal processes), only one or more than

- 81 039936 two different heat exchange processes using some type of cooling fluid, depending on the design considerations, for example, whether it may be preferable to perform the NTR and/or other process in situ, and/or in the refinery. In one embodiment of the invention, the TBW slurry and/or some other source of fluid may also be heated in two or more heat exchangers, which is also advantageous, for example, if more gradual heating of the TBW slurry may be beneficial to avoid system problems such as like bio-pollution. In this embodiment, for example, a slurry of TBW at ambient temperature can be sent to one heat exchange process that raises the temperature to a certain point (eg 120°C) and then can be sent to another heat exchange process and/or another process heating to further raise the temperature to 350°C, for example, or another temperature favorable for preheating or performing NTP. Likewise, some other source of fluid, for example, in plan (for example, in FIG. 15B) can also be directed through two or more heat exchangers in a circuit (including step 1520) before use, for example, in plan / disposal 1524 in order to optimize technical factors and/or providing the optimal amount and temperature of the heated fluid for any application, for example, in the plan. These heat exchange processes can take place in the same thermal process, thermodynamic cycle, in different technical means of a thermal installation and/or in some other process in which heat can be either generated and/or recovered. In one embodiment of the invention, all heat and/or cogeneration cooling needs (which may be generated by heating) can be considered, for example, in a plan, and heat/waste heat of different temperatures can be prioritized and budgeted for all heat and/or cooling within the plan, with some or all of the heat being supplied through some heat exchange process in the condensation step of the thermodynamic cycle, through some other thermal process in the thermal plant, including possibly primary process heat and/or heat, and/ or reclaimed heat from any heat source(s) in the plan (see FIG. 2). In one embodiment of the invention, the heat demand in all processes can also be scheduled in accordance with the need for cooling of all thermal plant facilities, so that sufficient cooling can be provided, and any remaining heat after heating in all other processes requiring heating, may be sent to a desalination plant if available, for example in the plan, and/or possibly released.

In an embodiment of the invention, the present invention may be directed to a new method, scheme design for the production of fuels and/or other products, reduce CO ₂ emissions, and innovative ways to manage water and energy in these vital processes. The method, scheme and plan can be adapted to the geographical location, available resources and the needs of a particular place.

In one embodiment, the plan and method relate to minimizing CO2 emitted by a major source and/or sources of CO2 emissions, such as a hydrocarbon or biofuel combustion thermal plant and/or a thermal power plant. In an embodiment of the invention, the percentage of carbon removed from the waste stream in the thermal plant, and included as the biomass grows in the water runoff (sinks) and / or outlet (s) of the biomass growth module, can be from about 30 to 80% of the spent carbon stream or about 50 to 100%, or about 75 to 100%, or about 80 to 100%, or about 80 to 95%.

In one embodiment of the invention, the thermal plant and the growth module can preferably be located in a common location, for example, in close proximity, and can be located for convenient transfer of CO ₂ to the biomass growth module. The CO ₂ can be removed from the thermal plant by pre-combustion sampling, post-combustion sampling and/or extraction via an oxy-fuel process. Carbon dioxide can also be generated by WWTP, WWTP sludge treatment, biomass, biomass treatment, WWTP sludge, other anaerobic digestion of an organic source, other processes (see FIG. 4) and/or external sources. The carbon dioxide may be directly piped and/or processed and then piped to the biomass growth module, biofuel purification/separation facility for use in biomass purification and/or separation facilities, including extraction of supercritical fluids fed through pipeline to a water bottling/biomass packaging plant for use in gassing liquids and/or other purposes, and/or stored either as gas, compressed gas and/or compressed solid (dry ice), and/or can be sold outside sites. Carbon dioxide can be distributed using technical means such as blowers, pipes, sprinklers and/or any other technical means suitable for this purpose.

In one embodiment of the invention, water, aqueous solution, steam, air, and/or other gases may be used to extract and/or distribute heat, pressure, and/or other energy from a thermal plant to a biomass growing module and/or other facilities to assist in purification. 82 039936 processing and return of biomass and/or biofuels from BGM as fuel to a thermal plant for the production of other products and/or other processes, for example, as described herein.

In one embodiment of the invention, a biomass growth module (BGM) may comprise one or more biomass growth units (BGUs). BGUs may be used alone or in combination with each other, possibly sharing and/or exchanging resources and/or flows to form a BGM (see FIG. 5).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the biomass growing unit may comprise a growing unit element, optionally containing one or more of the following elements: one or more outdoor pool(s), a photobioreactor(s), a non-photosynthetic bioreactor(s), and/or another element. (elements) of the growth block (see Fig. 6). These growth block elements may also work in conjunction with other auxiliary elements of the BGU block (for example, block elements in Fig. 6), such as nutrient storage, mixing block (s), stress and / or others, with all block elements except Growth Unit Elements as optional accessory BGU components that can be included or omitted and, if included, can be tailored to the operating conditions and/or desired purpose when using a particular BGU. Thus, the elements of the system and/or plan according to the invention provide a flexible system for optimizing the use of biomass cultivation in many applications.

In one embodiment, using an autotrophic BGU, the biomass growing module provides a continuous flow system, such as CO2 inflows, wherein the CO2 inflow and/or other sources of bioavailable carbon can be substantially equal in terms of the carbon content of the raw biomass, such as in FIG. . 6.

In one embodiment of the invention, the supply of nutrients to the biomass growing module, which may include raw sewage, pretreated sewage, farm runoff, other wastewater and/or any combination of these, which can be combined with another source of water with which - any characteristics, can be treated either partially or completely in the biomass growing module to remove contaminants and restore water quality, using CO ₂ from a thermal plant, biofuel / biomass production, cooling a thermal plant and extracting heat from a thermal plant for use in processes purification of biomass/biofuel and/or other processes.

Aquatic algae and/or other biomass can be effectively used in some steps of domestic wastewater treatment in place of traditional bacterial wastewater treatment (WWTP) systems. Algae-based systems can be more economical, energy efficient, and provide better water quality in these stages than traditional wastewater treatment systems. Algae-based systems can be more efficient at removing water nutrients (such as nitrate) than traditional wastewater treatment systems, at a lower cost.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 14, non-fuel products derived from biomass grown in wastewater, containing parts or residue thereof, after processing by anaerobic digestion and / or in any other way, including animal feed, fish feed, substances for soil improvement, biopolymers, bioplastics, paints, dyes, pigments, lubricants and/or other products. Some products can be obtained by mixing the above biomass, parts of the biomass and/or residues, optionally with other materials. Thus, a manufacturing process can be provided for such products from combined plan modules.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a biomass treatment system 1400 comprising a separation module 1404 configured to receive biomass 1405 and water 1402, wherein the separation module 1404 is configured to receive 1442 heat 1418 from a plan, such as in FIG. 2.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the separating module 1404 comprises a biomass outlet 1403 and a water outlet 1406, with the water outlet 1406 optionally configured to regenerate the water used in the plan, such as in FIG. 2.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which optionally any portion of the second biomass outlet 1404A is processed in the whole cell processing module 1412.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the output of whole cell products 1412A from the whole cell processing module 1412 is provided to the WWPP module 1480.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which optionally any part of the biomass output 1403 is processed in the cell destruction module 1408.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the cell disruption module 1408 contains a cell disrupted biomass outlet 1417A.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which optionally some portion of the biomass outlet 1403 and/or the cell destroyed biomass outlet 1417A is provided to the dryer module 1410.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat 1418A from a plan, such as in FIG. 2 optionally provide 1446 for dryer module 1410.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which air 1425A is passed from air handling/smell control module 1300 in a plan, such as in FIG. 13 to dryer module 1410.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which air 1425B is transferred from dryer module 1410 to air treatment/smell control module 1300 in a plan, such as in FIG. 13.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the drying module 1410 contains the exit 1411 dried biomass.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the output 1411 dried biomass is transferred to the module 1414 processing powdered product.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the powder product processing module 1414 contains an output 1413 of powdered products.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the output 1413 of powdered products is transferred to the module 1480 WWRR.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the cell disruption module contains a second biomass outlet 1417B.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the second biomass outlet 1417B is passed to one or more optional mixing module(s) 1420.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the optional mixing module(s) 1420 further comprises inputs of: solvent(s) containing extracted biomass 1416, 1441; biomass 1471B; solvent 1421; and/or regenerated solvent 1437, 1440.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any of the mixing modules is configured to optionally receive heat 1418, optionally from a plan, such as in FIG. 2.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the mixing module(s) 1420 contains (contain) an outlet 1444 of solvent and biomass.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the solvent and biomass 1444 are optionally provided to the separator module 1422.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the separating module 1422 contains the following outlets: solvent and biomass 1445; and/or residual biomass 1426.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a solvent and biomass outlet 1445 is optionally provided to the evaporation module 1424.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which heat 1418B from the plan, such as in FIG. 2 optionally provide 1448 to vaporizer module 1424.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the evaporation module 1424 is optionally configured to evaporate the solvent in a vacuum 1427 through an air stream 1425.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which air flow 1427 is directed 1447 to air treatment/smell control module 1300 in a plan, such as in FIG. 13.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the evaporation module 1424 optionally provides outputs that are optionally selected from: finished products in oil 1449, 1430; regenerated solvent 1437; and/or solvent vapors 1436.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the regenerated solvent outlet 1437 is optionally provided for the following elements: mixing module(s) 1420 and/or BGM 212B.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a solvent vapor outlet 1436 is provided for the condensation module 1438.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system where optional cooling 1439, such as in FIG. 2, from a plan or other source provide 1451 to the condensation module 1438.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the output of the condensation module 1438 contains regenerated solvent 1440.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which regenerated solvent 1440 is optionally provided to mixing module(s) 1420 and/or BGM 212.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which finished products in oil 1430 are fed 1450 into the WWPP module 1480.

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Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the output 1426 of the residual biomass provide for: module 1428 refiner; module 1428 gasification;

and/or BGM 212A.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 1428 and/or gasification module 1428 provide an output of biofuel 1434.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biofuel outlet 1434 is optionally configured to fuel a thermal plant or otherwise in plan 1000, such as in FIG. ten.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biomass and water 1402 are supplied via a BGU, such as in FIG. 6, 603, 648.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a solvent containing extracted biomass 1416 is supplied through outlet 644 of BGU 600, such as in FIG. 6.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a solvent processing capable system 1400 comprising a solvent and biomass inlet 1445 operably coupled to a vaporization module 1424, with heat 1418B from the plan, such as in FIG. 2 provide 1448 for evaporative module 1424.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the evaporation module 1424 optionally contains outputs selected from the following: finished products in oil 1449, 1430; regenerated solvent 1437; solvent vapors 1436 and/or air 1425.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a solvent and biomass processing system 1400 comprising a mixing module(s) 1420, with heat 1418 from the plan, such as in FIG. 2 provide 1443 for mixing module(s) 1420.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any of the mixing modules 1420 can receive inputs, optionally selected from biomass 1403, 1417B; solvent 1421; solvent containing extracted biomass 1416, 1441, and/or regenerated solvent 1437, 1440.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the output of the mixing module(s) 1420 is solvent and biomass 1444.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1400 capable of drying biomass, comprising a drying module 1410, with heat 1418A from the plan, such as in FIG. 2 provide 1446 for dryer module 1410.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the drying module 1410 is configured to receive inputs selected from: biomass 1403, 1417A; and/or air 1425A.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the drying module 1410 contains outlets selected from dried biomass 1411 and/or air 1425B.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1400 capable of drying biomass, comprising a drying module 1410 in which ambient, reclaimed, purified and/or deodorized air from the air treatment/smell control module 1300 in plan, such as in FIG. 13 is configured to provide air 1425A to and/or receive air 1425B from dryer module 1410.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the dryer module 1410 is configured to receive inputs selected from biomass 1403, 1417A and/or heat 1418A, 1446.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the drying module 1410 is configured to provide an output of dried biomass 1411.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a solvent vapor handling system 1400 comprising a solvent vapor inlet 1436 operably coupled to a condensation module 1438, with cooling 1439 from the plan, such as in FIG. 2 provide 1451 for the condensation module 1438.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the condensation module 1438 contains a regenerated solvent outlet 1440.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a biomass growing capable system 1400 comprising a reclaimed solvent inlet 1437 configured to supply reclaimed solvent 1437 to BGM 212B.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the evaporation module 1424 is operatively connected to the inlet 1437 of the regenerated solvent.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a biomass growing system 1400 comprising a reclaimed solvent inlet 1440 of the BGM 212, wherein a condensation module 1438 is operably coupled to the reclaimed solvent inlet 1440.

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As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1400 configured to utilize residual biomass, comprising a residual biomass inlet 1426 operatively associated with BGM 212A; module 1428 refiner and/or module 1428 gasification.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the separating module 1422 is operatively connected to the input 1426 of the residual biomass.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 1428 and/or gasification module 1428 are configured to produce biofuel(s) 1434.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biofuel(s) 1434 are optionally used to fuel a thermal plant, for packaging, storage, and/or use in other combustion processes, or otherwise in plan 1000, such as in FIG. ten.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1400 capable of bottling and/or packaging biomass, comprising a WWPP module 1480 that receives inputs selected from: finished products in oil 1430, 1450; powdered products 1413 and/or whole cell products 1412A.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the VRPP module 1480 is combined with the BGM 212 and/or the VRPP module 1400.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which BGM 212 and/or BPP module 1400 provides inputs to VVRP module 1480.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes an air evacuation system 1400 comprising an air inlet duct 1447 operably coupled to an air handling/smell control module 1300 in plan, such as in FIG. 13.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system further comprising an evaporative module 1424 that provides an air inlet 1447 to the air handling/smell control module 1300 in a plan, such as in FIG. 13, optionally configured to create a vacuum 1427.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which air flow 1447 and/or vacuum 1427 is optionally used to evaporate solvents forming solvent vapors 1436.

Another embodiment of the invention includes a system in which solvent vapors 1436 are optionally condensed in a condensation module 1438.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for processing biomass, including providing a system 1400 and introducing biomass and water 1402 into a separation module 1404.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a solvent treatment method including providing system 1400 and providing 1448 heat 1418B from plan, such as in FIG. 2, for evaporative module 1424.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a solvent and biomass treatment method including providing system 1400 and providing 1443 heat 1418B from plan, such as in FIG. 2, for 1420 mixing module(s).

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for drying biomass, including providing a system 1400 and providing 1446 heat 1418A from the plan, such as in FIG. 2, for drying module 1410.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for drying biomass, including providing a system 1400 and transferring 1425A air to and from the dryer module 1410 1425B.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for treating solvent vapors, including providing a system 1400 and providing 1451 cooling 1439 off plan, such as in FIG. 2 for the condensation module 1438.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a biomass growing method including providing system 1400 and transferring regenerated solvent 1437 to BGM 212B.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for growing biomass, including providing a system 1400 and transferring the recovered solvent 1440 to BGM 212.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for recovering residual biomass, including providing a system 1400 and transporting the recovered residual biomass 1426 to BGM 212A, refiner module 1428, and/or gasification module 1428.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for bottling and/or packaging biomass, including providing a system 1400 and passing inputs 1412A,

1413, 1430, 1450 to 1480 WWRR module.

As shown in FIG. 14, an embodiment of the invention includes an air evacuation method including providing a system 1400 and supplying air to 1447 an air handling/smell control module 1300 in a plan, such as in FIG. 13.

In one embodiment of the invention, the CO ₂ emissions of a thermal plant can be combined and converted into a renewable energy source using a BGM that supplies fuel to the thermal plant, while the water outlet(s) from the biomass growing module can be used to cool the thermal plant, and also the heat and energy from the thermal plant can be productively used in the biomass/biofuel purification process and/or in other processes, for example in the plan. In this embodiment of the invention, a wide variety of useful products containing nutritional supplements for human consumption, such as pharmaceuticals, food, feed, other products such as cosmetics, biopolymers and/ or other products known to the person skilled in the art. For example, see U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/173905, filed June 10, 2015, Appendix 1, incorporated herein by reference, and based on it, Pandey, Ashok, Lee, Duu-Jong and Chisti, Yusuf, eds. Biofuels from Algae. Amsterdam, NLD: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2013. 205-233. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 16 September 2015, incorporated into this description by reference, and based on it, for such products and / or processes by which they can be obtained.

In other alternative embodiments of the invention, a number of other sources of water can be used to grow biomass for fuel use and/or to produce many useful products while removing carbon dioxide, including partially treated wastewater, fresh water, salt water, high salt water. salinity, other types of water, or any combination of these. They may be hundreds of thousands of species of algae and other plant species throughout the world. The biodiversity of plant species, in particular algae, allows strategic selection of species to optimize the biomass growing system for a variety of growing conditions, climates, water substrates, desired outcomes and/or other factors. The present invention is particularly intended to include all aquatic substrates available anywhere for potential use and optimization based on local resources in a Biomass Growth Module (BGM), a biomass growing system.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, solid waste, such as domestic sanitary waste and/or industrial waste, can be used to produce fuel for energy production in a waste-to-energy plant consisting of a thermal plant, and the carbon dioxide from this process can be used in the biomass growing process, and the heat generated can be used productively for the processing and/or purification of biofuels and/or biomass produced in the biomass growing module and/or for other purposes, for example, in the plan (see Fig. 2). The biomass/biofuels produced in the biomass growing module can be used as a fuel for the combustion component of a waste-to-energy plant, a biomass combustion unit and/or in other energy systems, and/or other useful products can be synthesized from the biomass.

Biomass and/or the fuels created from it and/or due to the purification of its composition in the disclosed plan can be used as a fuel for the production of electricity and/or the production of other useful products by various post-processing methods, such as filtration, screening, coagulation, centrifugation, settling, flocculation, bioflocculation, flotation (including dissolved air and hydrogen), gravity settling, gravity thickener, cell disruption, bacterial extraction (e.g. bacterial biomass treatment process, e.g. see http://www.solevbio.corn/ extractor-bacteria.html incorporated herein by reference and based on it); ultrasound, microwave treatment, solvent, cold press, interesterification, evaporation, electrophoresis, electroflotation, adsorption, ultrafiltration, isolation, chromatography, crystallization, dehydration, lyophilization, drying, sterilization, hydrothermal treatment and/or other methods suitable for processing biomass and/or or biofuels known to the person skilled in the art. For example, see Pandey, Ashok, Lee, Duu-Jong, and Chisti, Yusuf, eds. Biofuels from Algae. Amsterdam, NLD: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2013. 85-110. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 16 September 2015, incorporated herein by reference and by reference, and Shelef, G., A. Sukenik, and M. Green. Microalgae harvesting and processing: a literature review. no. SERUSTR-231-2396. Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd., Haifa (Israel), 1984, incorporated herein by reference and by reference. Shelef et al., included in US Provisional Application No. 62173905, priority document for the present disclosure, filed June 10, 2015 as an appendix hereto, also incorporated herein by and by reference.

Depending on the type of biomass used, some fuels can be produced directly from biomass in the biomass growing module. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1 and/or 10, these fuels can be separated from the water in the biomass growing module, either by evaporation and/or other means, and/or can be used directly as fuel and/or further processed and then used as fuel for thermal installation and / or other purposes. These fuels may follow the process path shown at 106 and 102 of FIG. 1, 10, and/or may be sent to the refinery and/or WWPP and/or WWPP.

Treatment of biomass in a gasification module (e.g., 124 in FIG. 1) using CHG, anaerobic digestion, and/or other techniques known to those skilled in the art for biomass gasification can be used to produce biogas that can be used as a fuel . Hydrogen and/or other gaseous fuels can also be produced using other methods. Gaseous fuels can also be used in fuel cells to generate energy for use in, for example, a plan.

Wet and/or dry biomass can be burned for energy in a thermal plant. The biomass can be dried using waste heat from the energy and/or WTE plant, or in a drying module attached to the thermal plant and/or in a free-standing biomass drying plant. The water withdrawn from the drying process can be re-introduced into the biomass growing module and/or elsewhere, for example in the plan (see FIG. 3).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or heat transfer, the biomass/water slurry produced by the biomass growth module can be heated with waste heat generated in a thermal plant and "flash cleaned" in a process called hydrothermal treatment, which may include hydrothermal liquefaction, RTP, catalytic hydrothermal gasification and/or some other hydrothermal treatment. The heated biomass/water slurry may be pressurized if necessary for the particular LTW process and/or operating conditions, and the output of these processes may be primarily water and biomass oil and/or methane and/or carbon dioxide. For example, the following references are incorporated herein by reference and by reference: http://www.genifuel.com/text/20150125%20Genifuel%20Hvdrothermal%200ve rview. pdf

Other HTL references include:

Elliott DC, TR Hart, AJ Schmidt, GG Neuenschwander, LJ Rotness, Jr, MV Olarte, AH Zacher, KO Albrecht, RT Hallen, and JE Holladay. 2013. Process Development for Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae Feedstocks in a Continuous-Flow Reactor. Algal Research 2(4):445-454.

http://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926413000878

Biddy MJ, R Davis, SB Jones, and Y Zhu. 2013 Whole Algae Hydrothermal

Liquefaction Technology Pathway. PNNL-22314, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical reports/PNNL-22314.pdf

Jones SB, Y Zhu, DB Anderson, RT Hallen, DC Elliott, AJ Schmidt, KO Albrecht, TR Hart, MG Butcher, C Drennan, LJ Snowden-Swan, R Davis, and C Kinchin. 2014. Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Algal Biomass to Hydrocarbons: Whole Algae Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Upgrading. PNNL-23227, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.

http://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical reports/PNNL-23227.pdf

Elliott, Douglas C., et al.. Review: Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass Developments from Batch to Continuous Process. Bioresource Technology 178.(2015): 147-156. ScienceDirect. Web. 24 Oct. 2015.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852414013911

Other CHG references include:

U.S. Patent No. 8,877,098, November 4, 2014. Methods for sulfate removal in liquid-phase catalytic hydrothermal gasification of biomass. Douglas C Elliott and James R. Oyler http://www.google.com.ar/patents/US8877098

Mian, Alberto, Adriano V. Ensinas, and Francois Marechal. Multi-objective optimization of SNG production from microalgae through hydrothermal gasification. Computers & Chemical Engineering (2015).

http://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098135415000150

In one embodiment of the invention, biofeedstocks and/or gaseous fuels that may result from NTR may be used either directly as fuel (e.g., in a thermal plant and/or elsewhere) and/or further refined and used as fuel. in a number of applications. In this embodiment, the biomass/water slurry serves as a source of cooling water for the thermal plant, either directly or indirectly, and also recovers a significant portion of the waste heat generated in the thermal plant. This provides a fast and efficient way to produce biofuels as well as meet the needs of a thermal plant for cooling and efficient use of waste heat.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the biomass may be separated from the aqueous substrate produced by the biomass growth module using some sort of mechanical,

- 88 039936 chemical, thermal, physical and / or other method (methods) described herein and / or known to specialists in this field, and then purified for use as a fuel and / or for the production of other products.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the biomass may be processed on a limited basis by various extraction techniques, wherein portions of the water/biomass solution may be extracted for use in the production of fuels and/or products (e.g. extraction) and the biomass substrate itself and/or portions thereof may be stored and reused and/or then processed in one of the other ways described herein.

In one embodiment of the invention, two or more hydrothermal treatment methods and/or other purification methods may be used, in combination, in parallel and/or in series, at any location where HTR may be based, for example, in plan, including in-situ, in a refinery and/or WPP to produce specific types or mixtures of fuels and/or products.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the biomass will grow in the biomass growing module and its growth can be optimized as described herein. Biomass can produce some fuels directly in the biomass growing unit(s) in the biomass growing module. These fuels can be processed as needed by any means known to those skilled in the art and optionally sent to a thermal plant as fuel.

In one embodiment of the invention, the fuel, useful products and/or their precursors can be obtained by a combination of these methods and/or other methods, either directly in the biomass growth module, and/or some other methods of processing biomass outputs from the growth module.

As shown in FIG. 10, scheme 1000 includes optional fuel flows, for example, in a plan in which thermal plant 1002 receives inputs from modules optionally present in an embodiment of the plan, containing: biofuel in gaseous and/or liquid form, biofeedstock and/or biochar 1058 from a refiner and/or BPP 1054; biomass and/or biofuel in liquid and/or gaseous form 1060 from BGM 1048; biogas, which is optionally processed 1034, from the gasification module 1036; waste oil 1032 from all systems 1040 on site; biomass and/or waste for use as fuel (eg, waste-to-energy, biomass combustion) 1030 from the waste processing/receiving module 1028; gases 1023 from landfill 1021; and fuel with any characteristics from external source(s) 1064. Optional thermal plant power plant facilities, including combustion-based power plants and/or waste-to-energy power generation facilities 1004, optionally obtain fuel 1006 from other optionally available technical means of a thermal station that can produce fuel 1008, containing a pyrolysis submodule 1009; NTR submodule 1010, cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol submodule 1012, desorber/condenser submodule 1016, and/or other thermal plant hardware capable of generating fuel 1018. Optional thermal plant submodules, drum incinerator 1022, plasma gasification plant 1020, and/or others facilities capable of handling hazardous waste 1024 optionally receive hazardous waste 1026 from waste processing/receiving module 1028 and/or facilities of thermal plant generating hazardous waste 1026. Thermal plant 1002 optionally supplies optionally heated biomass, biofeedstock, biofuel and/or biochar 1062 to a refiner and/or BPP 1054 for processing into fuel 1056 and/or processing into products. Refiner and/or BPP 1054 optionally receive biomass and/or biofuel (gaseous and/or liquid) 1060 for processing from BGM 1048 and feed residue 1049 to BGM 1048 and/or gasification module 1036 and/or produce residue from them. The gasification module 1036 optionally receives biomass, sludge and/or residues or water 1038 from BGM 1048. WWPP 1052 optionally receives biomass 1050 from BGM 1048 and/or biomass, biofeedstock, biofuel and/or biochar 1056 from the refinery and/or BPP 1054 for bottling/packaging. Bottled/packaged biofeedstock, biofuel, biomass, and/or biochar 1046 may be fed to thermal plant 1042 for use, storage 1043, and/or offsite removal 1044. Desalination plant 1053 may supply brine 1061 to brine electrolysis unit 1055, which , in turn, can supply hydrogen 1063 as a fuel to the thermal plant 1002 or refinery 1054 for additional hydrotreating and improving the raw biofeedstock.

As shown in FIG. 10, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1000 configured to provide fuel to a thermal plant module or another module comprising a thermal plant module 1002, configured to receive fuel from a module and/or inlet comprising: a pyrolysis module 1009; module 1010 HTL; module 1010 CHG; module 1010 RTP; another hydrothermal treatment module 1010; cellulosic ethanol module 1012; cellulosic butanol and/or isobutanol module 1012; desorber/condenser module 1016; biomass 1030 and/or waste 1030; hazardous waste 1026; waste oil 1032, for example, from all off-site systems 1040;

- 89 039936 biogas (optionally processed) 1034; hydrogen 1063 optionally from brine electrolysis unit 1055; biomass 1060; biofuels (liquid) 1058, 1060; biofuels (gaseous) 1058, 1060; bio-raw materials 1058; biochar 1058; landfill gases (optionally processed) 1023; other fuel created by technical means 1018; and/or other fuels imported from outside the site (for example, from outside the plan) 1064.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the biogas 1034 is raw.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the biogas 1034 is treated.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system further comprising a gasification module 1036.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the gasification module 1036 further comprises a catalytic hydrothermal gasification module and/or an anaerobic digestion module.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which landfill gases 1023, optionally containing biogas, are received in thermal plant module 1002 untreated from landfill 1021 and/or after treatment.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the treatment includes drying, removing contaminants, cleaning and/or combining with another gas.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the BGM 1048 is configured to supply biomass 1038, water 1038, sludge 1038 and/or residue 1038 to module 1036 or a gasification process.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the BGM 1048 is optionally configured to supply biomass 1060, biofuel (gaseous) 1060 and/or biofuel (liquid) 1060 to the thermal unit module 1002.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which BGM 1048 is configured to supply biomass 1050 to WWRR module 1052.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the thermal plant module 1002 is configured to supply biomass 1062, biofeed 1062, biofuel 1062 and/or biochar 1062, after optional heating of biomass 1062, biofeed 1062, biofuel 1062 and/or biochar 1062, to : refiner module 1054 and/or BPP module 1054.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the BGM 1048 is configured to supply biomass 1060 and/or biofuel 1060 optionally to: refiner module 1054 and/or BRR module 1054.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biofuel 1060 includes liquid biofuel 1060.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biofuel 1060 includes gaseous biofuel 1060.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which biofuel 1060 includes a mixture of gaseous and liquid biofuel 1060.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 1054 and/or BPP module 1054 optionally supplies biofuel 1058, 1060, biofeedstock 1058, biochar 1058, and/or biomass 1060 to thermal plant module 1002.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 1054 and/or RRW module 1054 optionally feeds biofuel 1056, biofeedstock 1056, biochar 1056, and/or biomass 1056 to RRRR module 1052.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the WWPP module 1052 is configured to package biofuel (liquid) 1046, biofuel (gaseous) 1046, biofeedstock 1046, biochar 1046, and/or biomass 1046. Packaging or packaging may mean bottling, storing , cut, granulate, crate, container, compress and/or pressurize.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any portion of the packaged biofuel (liquid) 1046, biofuel (gaseous) 1046, biofeedstock 1046, biochar 1046, and/or biomass 1046 is configured to minimize portion transport and/or storage requirements for subsequent use and/or retention in the thermal installation module 1042; storage 1043; and/or removal off site (e.g. off plan) 1044.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which residues 1049 can be transferred for further processing or use among any two or more of the following refiner module 1054; module 1054 BPP; BGM 1048 and/or gasification module 1036.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which any part of the module and/or input: pyrolysis module 1009; module 1010 HTL; module 1010 CHG; module 1010 RTP; another module 1010 hydrothermal treatment; cellulosic ethanol module 1012; module 1012 pulp

- 90 039936 butanol and/or isobutanol; desorber/condenser module 1016; biomass 1030 and/or waste 1030; hazardous waste 1026; waste oil 1032, for example, from all off-site systems 1040; biogas (optionally processed) 1034; hydrogen 1063 optionally from the brine electrolysis unit 1055; biomass 1060; biofuels (liquid) 1058, 1060; biofuels (gaseous) 1058, 1060; bio-raw materials 1058; biochar 1058; landfill gases, optionally treated) 1023; other fuel created by technical means 1018; and/or other fuels imported from outside the site (eg, from outside the plan) 1064 may undergo any of the following operations at any stage of any process shown, for example, in FIG. 10: storage; processing in any manner known to those skilled in the art; and/or mixing with other materials.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the desalination module 1053 provides brine 1061 to the electrolysis module 1055.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which electrolysis module 1055 provides hydrogen 1063 to thermal plant module 1002 as a fuel and/or refiner module 1054 and/or BPP module 1054 for hydrotreating and improving raw biofeedstock.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a pyrolysis module 1009, an HTL module 1010, a CHG module optionally composed of either an HTP module 1010 and/or a gasification module 1036, an RTP optionally composed of an HTP module 1010, another hydrothermal treatment module 1010 , a cellulosic ethanol module 1012, a cellulosic butanol and/or isobutanol module 1012, and/or a gasification module 1036, optionally composed of a thermal plant module 1002, configured to receive in parallel or sequentially a BGM 1038 sludge, a WWTP sludge, optionally consisting of a BGM 1038 sludge, and /or biomass, including agricultural biomass 1030, WTE biomass 1030 and/or BGM biomass 1060.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the biogas inlet 1034, the thermal unit module 1002 and/or the CHG module 1010, 1036 contains a biogas module.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which a biogas module configured to purify, process, store, and/or heat biogas comprises a common infrastructure in which the following elements are operatively linked to the biogas module: HTR module 1010; a natural gas inlet or outlet including offsite fuels 1064, such as a natural gas line supplying natural gas and/or biogas to the biogas module and/or a line removing it; an anaerobic digestion module including a gasification module 1036; WWTP module containing BGM 1048; BGM 1048; a gasification module 1036 and/or a landfill module 1021.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which gases are generated in one or more modules: HTP module 1010; inlet or outlet of natural gas 1064; module 1036 anaerobic digestion; module 1048 WWTP; BGM 1048; module 1036 gasification and/or module 1021 landfill, burned in one or more technical means (means) module 1002 thermal installation.

As shown in FIG. 10, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1000 comprising a BGM 1048, a refiner module 1054, and/or a BPP module 1054, wherein the system is configured to transfer fuel and/or biomass to and/or from the refiner module 1054 and/or from the BPP module 1054. , while the fuel is biomass 1060; biofuel (liquid) 1060; biofuels (gaseous) 1060; and/or remnants of 1049.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which fuel and/or biomass is supplied to and/or from the refinery module 1054 and/or BPP module 1054 via the thermal plant module 1002; BGM 1048; module 1036 gasification and/or module 1052 WWRR.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which thermal plant module 1002 supplies and/or receives from refiner module 1054 and/or BPP module 1054 the following inputs: biomass (optionally heated) 1062; biofuel (liquid) - optionally heated 1058, 1062; biofuels (gaseous) - optionally heated 1058, 1062; bio-raw materials (optionally heated) 1058, 1062; and/or biochar (optionally heated) 1058, 1062.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 1054 and/or RRR module 1054 provides an output for RRR module 1052: biomass 1056; biofuels (liquid) 1056; biofuels (gaseous) 1056; bio-raw materials 1056 and/or biochar 1056.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the WWRR module 1052 provides packaged fuel 1046 and/or biomass products 1046 for export 1044, for storage 1043 and/or for use in a thermal plant module 1042, the packaged fuel including: biomass 1046; biofuel (liquid) 1046; biofuels (gaseous) 1046; biofeedstock 1046 and/or biochar 1046.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 1054, BRR module 1054, thermal unit module 1002, BGM 1048, gasification module 1036, and/or WWRR module 1052 are combined.

As shown in FIG. 10, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1000 configured to package fuel and/or biomass products, the system comprising a WWPP module 1052 configured to receive inputs: biomass 1050, 1056; biofuels (liquid)

- 91 039936

1056; biofuels (gaseous) 1056; bio-raw materials 1056 and/or biochar 1056.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which fuels 1056 and/or biomass

1050, 1056 served in the module 1052 WWRR through: module 1054 refiner; module

1054 BPP and/or BGM 1048.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which the WWRR module 1052 provides packaged fuel 1046 and/or biomass products 1046 for export 1044, for storage 1043 and/or for use in a thermal plant module 1042, the packaged fuel including: biomass 1046; biofuel (liquid) 1046; biofuels (gaseous) 1046; biofeedstock 1046 and/or biochar 1046.

An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which refiner module 1054, BPP module 1054, VVRP module 1052, and/or BGM 1048 are combined.

As shown in FIG. 10, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for distributing fuel in a system 1000, the method including receiving at a first module and/or an inlet of a pyrolysis module 1009; module 1010 HTL; module 1010 CHG; module 1010 RTP; another module 1010 hydrothermal treatment; cellulosic ethanol module 1012; cellulosic butanol and/or isobutanol module 1012; desorber/condenser module 1016; biomass 1030 and/or waste 1030; hazardous waste 1026; waste oil 1032, for example, from all off-site systems 1040; biogas (optionally processed) 1034; hydrogen 1063 optionally from the brine electrolysis unit 1055; biomass 1060; biofuels (liquid) 1058, 1060; biofuels (gaseous) 1058, 1060; bio-raw materials 1058; biochar 1058; landfill gases (optionally processed) 1023 and/or other fuels created by technical means 1018; fuel from the second module and/or input: pyrolysis module 1009; module 1010 HTL; module 1010 CHG; module 1010 RTP; another module 1010 hydrothermal treatment; cellulosic ethanol module 1012; cellulosic butanol and/or isobutanol module 1012; desorber/condenser module 1016; biomass 1030 and/or waste 1030; hazardous waste 1026; waste oil 1032, for example, from all off-site systems 1040; biogas (optionally processed) 1034; hydrogen 1063 optionally from the brine electrolysis unit 1055; biomass 1060; biofuels (liquid) 1058, 1060; biofuels (gaseous) 1058, 1060; bio-raw materials 1058; biochar 1058; landfill gases (optionally processed) 1023 and/or other fuels created by technical means 1018; optionally treated fuel at the first module and/or input: pyrolysis module 1009; module 1010 HTL; module 1010 CHG; module 1010 RTP; another module 1010 hydrothermal treatment; cellulosic ethanol module 1012; cellulosic butanol and/or isobutanol module 1012; desorber/condenser module 1016; biomass 1030 and/or waste 1030; hazardous waste 1026; waste oil 1032, for example, from all off-site systems 1040; biogas (optionally processed) 1034; hydrogen 1063 optionally from the brine electrolysis unit 1055; biomass 1060; biofuels (liquid) 1058, 1060; biofuels (gaseous) 1058, 1060; bio-raw materials 1058; biochar 1058; landfill gases (optionally processed) 1023 and/or other fuels created by technical means 1018; optionally stored fuel or processed fuel at the third module and/or input: pyrolysis module 1009; module 1010 HTL; module 1010 CHG; module 1010 RTP; another module 1010 hydrothermal treatment; cellulosic ethanol module 1012; cellulosic butanol and/or isobutanol module 1012; desorber/condenser module 1016; biomass 1030 and/or waste 1030; hazardous waste 1026; waste oil 1032, for example, from all off-site systems 1040; biogas (optionally processed) 1034; hydrogen 1063 optionally from the brine electrolysis unit 1055; biomass 1060; biofuels (liquid) 1058, 1060; biofuels (gaseous) 1058, 1060; bio-raw materials 1058; biochar 1058; landfill gases (optionally processed) 1023 and/or other fuels created by technical means 1018; and/or conversion of fuel or conversion of fuel into energy at the fourth module and/or input: pyrolysis module 1009; module 1010 HTL; module 1010 CHG; module 1010 RTP; another module 1010 hydrothermal treatment; cellulosic ethanol module 1012; cellulosic butanol and/or isobutanol module 1012; desorber/condenser module 1016; biomass 1030 and/or waste 1030; hazardous waste 1026; waste oil 1032, for example, from all off-site systems 1040; biogas (optionally processed) 1034; hydrogen 1063, optionally from the brine electrolysis unit 1055; biomass 1060; biofuels (liquid) 1058, 1060; biofuels (gaseous) 1058, 1060; bio-raw materials 1058; biochar 1058; landfill gases (optionally processed) 1023 and/or other fuels created by technical means 1018.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the fuel is a biofuel.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the fuel is biogas.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the fuel is a biofeedstock.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the fuel is biochar.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the fuel is

- 92 039936 hydrogen.

An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including fuel packaging.

As shown in FIG. 10, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for creating, distributing, and processing biomass into fuel and non-fuel biomass products, including processing biomass into biofuel (liquid), biofuel (gaseous), biofeedstock, biocoal, and/or non-fuel biomass in a refining module 1054. installation and/or module 1054 BPP.

As shown in FIG. 10, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for packaging biomass and/or biofuel, including processing biomass, biofuel (liquid), biofuel (gaseous), biofeedstock and/or biocoal in a WWPP module 1052 into packages.

In FIG. 10 shows some of the fuel streams in plan, not all of the material streams containing other materials that can be mixed with the fuel. All depicted fuels/materials may be stored, processed and/or mixed with other materials in any manner known in the art prior to use in the next step or module shown.

In one embodiment, the raw HTR biofeedstock, such as HTL, can be burned as fuel, optionally in the same thermal plant that provided the carbon dioxide for the BGM.

In yet another embodiment, the raw biofeedstock can be stabilized by adding about 10% hydrogen donor solvent such as methanol or ethanol to extend its shelf life before repolymerization increases its viscosity to unacceptable levels. This avoids the expense of upgrading the raw biofeedstock with hydrogen from the steam reforming of natural gas, which is required prior to purification to carry out the transport of liquid fuels.

In one embodiment, the CHG biogas can be burned as a fuel, optionally in the same thermal plant that provided the carbon dioxide for the BGU and/or others.

In a further embodiment of the invention, biogas from CHG and/or raw HTR biofeedstock, such as HTL (stabilized or unstabilized), can be used as an additional fuel for a coal burning thermal plant, optionally the same that provided carbon dioxide for BGU and/ or others.

In a further embodiment of the invention, biogas from CHG and/or raw biofeedstock from HTL (stabilized or unstabilized) and/or biomass can be used as additional fuel for a WTE thermal plant, optionally the same one that provided carbon dioxide for BGU and/or others.

In one embodiment of the invention, domestic wastewater, other wastewater, salt water, ultra-high concentration salt water (eg brine) or some other type or combination of water resources can be placed in the biomass growing module. Nutrients can be added to BGUs containing BGM as needed. In some embodiments of the invention, CO ₂ produced in a thermal plant can be delivered to a biomass growing module. By adding a source of CO2, the efficiency of the photosynthetic biomass process is increased. Processing and processing of biomass and/or fuel can be optimized based on water resources and/or other resources containing the biomass growth module and/or types of products and/or fuels to be created from the biomass growth module.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, various facilities, including conventional power plants and/or WTE systems in a thermal plant, can standby to each other to the extent appropriate to power generation goals, contingencies and/or marginal conditions. Fuels and/or waste can be stored in a manner known in the art to provide optimal power generation for the plan and/or grid over time (eg, daily and/or seasonal fluctuations in energy demand, fuel availability, and standby capacity).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, the oil/water mixture(s) formed in the in and/or outside systems can be separated. In one embodiment of the invention, the used oil may be sent to a thermal plant as a fuel for power generation. The thermal plant technology used for waste oil may include a WTE incinerator, an HTP, a plasma gasification plant, a drum incinerator, and/or other technologies.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, some solid, liquid and/or mixed wastes may be generated in a thermal plant, which may be considered hazardous waste. If this waste can be legally and rationally disposed of using waste recycling, a WTE municipal waste incinerator, a plasma system, a drum incinerator, alternative thermal plant technologies, NTR and/or

- 93 039936 polygon, any of these and / or other options suitable for this purpose can be used in the plan.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, the plan may include fuel-fired heaters that may be fueled by natural gas and/or biogas and/or methane/other fuel blends from on-site sources and/or methane supplied from outside and/or may be heated using heat from a thermal plant, and/or heat recovered from other heat-intensive processes in the plan of FIG. 2, if necessary, to heat above the dew point of natural gas and/or other gaseous fuel in the plan.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, a municipal waste incinerator (MSW) can incinerate waste from cities, industry, agriculture and/or other sources and produce energy. Thus, the MSW incinerator reduces land use for landfills, the generation of greenhouse gas methane, and produces electricity and heat, and thus can be included in the system and/or plan as a thermal plant facility. That is, the thermal plant may comprise a municipal waste incinerator MSW. Other examples of WTE facility options that may be included in the plan are described below. In one or more embodiments of the invention, WTE facilities can be used to dispose of waste and/or biomass generated by facilities in and/or beyond in an environmentally sound manner, and/or to recover energy from waste/biomass for power generation. . In one embodiment of the invention, the end product of combustion and/or other WTE direct combustion technologies may be ash, which can be used to produce cement. In one or more embodiments, oil from an optional stripper plant and/or waste oil from all facilities and/or off-site sources may be incinerated in a drum incinerator, MSW incinerator, alternative direct combustion units, plasma gasification plant, pyrolysis systems based on the WTE, and/or processed by the HTP module(s) in the plan to produce energy and/or fuel for use in a thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, oil from the optional stripper plant and/or waste oil from all facilities and/or off-site sources may be incinerated in a drum incinerator, MSW municipal waste incinerator, alternative direct combustion units, plasma gasification plant, WTE-based pyrolysis systems, and /or processed by the NTR module(s) in terms of producing energy and/or fuel for use in a thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, the drum incinerator may be part of a thermal plant, for example, the thermal plant includes a drum incinerator. The MSW Municipal Waste Incinerator may not be suitable for handling industrial waste, many of which will be classified as "hazardous waste" under US, European and/or other legislation. In an embodiment of the invention, an alternative for their treatment is a drum incinerator. The drum incinerator can be fed with liquid, solid, containerized and/or gaseous waste containing dust and/or acid gases.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, pyrolysis-based and/or other WTE technologies can generally replace waste disposal and/or incineration technologies because WTEs are generally more efficient, environmentally friendly and more viable than incinerators. household waste, in some applications. Typically, these technologies use less heat than municipal waste incinerators to anaerobically pyrolyze organic waste to produce combustible products such as oil and/or carbonaceous product. These products may then be incinerated in a thermal power plant and/or may be transported off site, eg off the system or plan. In one embodiment of the invention, WTE includes two processes: first, lower temperature and/or anaerobic degradation) theoretically leads to less harmful chemical reactions and, therefore, less harmful emissions during the subsequent combustion of the products of the first process. In one embodiment, more power per unit volume of MSW and/or biomass can be generated than municipal waste incinerators and other commercial solids, liquids and/or gases can be generated and/or recovered. In one embodiment of the invention, the thermal plant may include these types of hardware options, in whole or in part. These processes may be similar in nature to a hydrothermal treatment (HTP) such as HTL, a process used to flash-separate and/or purify biomass from biomass in water. The synergy of these systems is in terms of the same as in the municipal waste incineration plant described above, but in addition, coal, oil and/or other products generated by these processes can be burned in the on-site thermal plant to produce energy for the plan. and/or output

- 94 039936 outside the site. Biomass, biofeedstock and/or other fuels derived from BGM can be burned in the second step of the process in a thermal plant, either in combination with pyrolysis fuels or separately.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, the fuels generated from these and/or other processes may be combined, in whole or in part, and burned in a thermal plant and/or burned separately in a thermal plant on site to generate energy for the plan and/or remove it off the site. In one or more embodiments of the invention, fuels generated by cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol technology and/or any other technology that converts biomass to biofuel can be combined with biomass, biofeedstock and/or other fuels derived from BGM, NTS waste and/or other GTS biomass and/or downstream processing steps, and/or can be combusted alone and/or in combination with other fuels generated and/or incorporated into the plan.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, an indirect stripper/condenser system may also be used and/or added to other facilities as part of a thermal plant. The indirect desorber/condenser is configured to process organic waste, products of evaporation/distillation/azeotropic distillation of organic compounds in it or obtain them by heating and/or condensing organic compounds to restore their fuel value. An example of feedstock streams is waste from an API separator from refining operations and/or from oiled soils. This system may receive these wastes from external and/or on-site sources, during normal operation and in emergency situations such as in the event of an oil spill. The recovered fuel can be used to generate energy in a thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24K and/or FIG. 10, brine electrolysis produces hydrogen gas. The hydrogen can be used in a fuel cell to generate electricity and/or returned to a thermal plant for combustion.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10 and/or FIG. 3, a recycling/reuse facility may optionally be added as part of the plan to sort the waste stream (e.g., household sanitation waste, construction waste, agricultural waste, and/or other biomass such as wood waste) for disposal, disposal in landfills , and/or use to provide raw materials for WTE and/or other technical means in a thermal power plant. In general, construction waste and construction scrap and household sanitary waste (MSW) can be collected and treated separately. Construction waste and construction scrap can be handled by powerful outdoor equipment, allowing for large storage areas for materials. This may be done remotely from the site and/or in a large building or outdoor area that may be combined. In one embodiment of the invention, the circuitry of the waste treatment/disposal device may provide drainage and use/treatment of liquids. Waste oils from the waste stream can be processed in a thermal plant for energy production.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, landfills can be used to contain waste that cannot be disposed of and/or ash from a thermal plant if it is not used in cement production. Landfills may be used in addition to the WTE facilities used in the thermal plant to provide storage space for WTE ash and/or excess waste, temporary storage for waste to be used in the WTE system(s), and/or may also be used as a replacement for the WTE system(s) if these technical means fail. The gas generated from the decomposition of landfill waste (typically 50% methane and 50% carbon dioxide) can be successfully used to power a thermal plant. Energy production facilities used to burn methane and/or biogas can be shared with other possible systems in the plan that produce and/or burn gaseous fuels, such as a gasification module (eg CHG, anaerobic digestion) used for generators burning biomass and/or sludge, and/or gas-fired. The CO ₂ generated at the landfill can be directed to the BGM and/or other processes requiring CO 2 in plan (eg, FIG. 4), either before or after the combustion of methane. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 4, the carbon dioxide transport and/or storage infrastructure can be shared with other systems described herein that generate CO2. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 10, the optional landfill may be lined with a liner system, possibly made of high density polyethylene, capable of containing leachate from waste materials. A leachate collection system may be installed to remove leachate from the facility for temporary storage and subsequent treatment at the water treatment facility. In one embodiment, the landfill leachate may be sent to the WWTP and/or oil separation and used to generate power in the WTE drum incinerator, plasma gasification plant, and/or other WTE facilities.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10 and/or 24K, blowing, rinsing, filling and/or capping bottles can be combined into one integrated system. Integrated systems reduce bacteriological load (disinfection), reduce production costs, reduce line footprint, reduce bottle costs and increase line efficiency. A bottle-to-bottle facility may be included in the plan to allow direct use of recycled PET and/or other materials to make plastic bottles. This type of plant can be combined with a waste recycling/reuse plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10 and/or FIG. 24K, plastic from the waste collection and recycling area can be reused. The end product of recycled plastic will be cleaned, sanitized and shredded plastic material. This material can then be used in the WWRR bottle making process. Packaging materials for WWPP and/or other modules in the plan, such as a refiner, may also come from the waste recycling/reuse facility described herein, including possibly plastic, cardboard and wooden pallets. A bottle-to-bottle facility may be included in the plan to allow direct use of recycled PET and/or other materials to make plastic bottles. This type of plant can be combined with a waste recycling/reuse plant. The final recycled plastic product will be cleaned, sanitized and/or shredded plastic material. This material can then be used in the WWRR bottle making process. WWPP packaging materials may also come from the recycling/reuse facility described herein, including possibly plastic, glass, cardboard, wood pallets, and/or other recycled materials. Waste heat from a thermal plant and/or heat recovered from other sources in the plan (e.g. in FIG. 2) can be used to generate cooling, such as air conditioning and/or air refrigeration to cool buildings and/or to cool biomass products, for BGM cooling where beneficial and/or for other purposes.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 10 and/or 24V, solids and/or sludge from WWTP, WWTBGU, MFWBGU and/or other BGUs described herein can be processed in a gasification module (e.g. CHG, anaerobic digestion) to produce biogas for energy production in thermal installation. In one or more embodiments of the invention, all or part of the biomass from BGM can also be processed in the gasification module together with these solids or separately, using the same gasification equipment, to produce biogas; and/or WWTP and/or WWTBGU solids can be introduced into WWTBGU for use in the biomass growing process; and/or any of these solids can be processed in the NTR system (either in the biomass NTR system described herein and/or separately) to obtain biofeedstock for energy production in a thermal plant, with the remaining residue treated with some either of the above methods; and/or the solids may be processed in another WTE and/or other energy and/or fuel technology (eg, pyrolysis, cellulosic ethanol and/or other WTE) for use in a thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10, 24B and/or 24C, biogas produced by processing biomass in a gasification module (e.g., using CHG and/or anaerobic autoclaves), and optionally from a landfill used in any on-site process, can be used to energy production in a thermal plant. Biogas from the facilities of the gasification module, in order to prepare it for use as a fuel and/or for storage, can be subjected to processing, including drying, removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or other pollutants, blending with other fuels, condensing to a liquid state and/ or other methods known to those skilled in the art. Gasification module(s), such as CHG module(s), anaerobic autoclaves, and/or devices for purifying, drying, condensing to a liquid state, treating, storing and/or heating gas and/or their associated infrastructure can be used jointly BGM biomass, BGM sludge and/or WWTP sludge and/or produced biogas and/or other biogas sources such as optional landfill and/or other optional natural gas sources such as natural gas imported from outside. Any thermal plant facilities using gaseous fuels (e.g. natural gas combustion turbines) and/or associated infrastructure may be shared by any or all of these systems and/or other combustible gas sources such as natural gas, supplied from off site for use in a thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10 and/or FIG. 24B, NTR

- 96 039936 includes a primary process for instantaneously separating biomass from water and/or converting biomass into biofeedstock and/or other fuel using a process using heat and possibly pressure. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the biofeedstock that is the product of liquid-based NTR processes such as HTL or RTP can be burned directly, for example, in burners, high-power engines, for example, in an engine that typically burns diesel fuel or heavier fuel , and/or other selected thermal power plant facilities, and/or can be further processed into many primary fuels that can be combusted if they are more efficient than biofeedstock, given the additional processing costs. In one embodiment of the invention, the NTR can convert other biomass and/or waste into biofeedstock. In one embodiment of the invention, the HTP may be used as a complete replacement for other WTE technologies, or as a partial replacement in the plan. In this embodiment, the waste may be heated and/or possibly pressurized and the organic portion may be liquefied into biofeedback form (this process is referred to as 'waste 'UTR'). In one embodiment of the invention, the biofeedstock can be incinerated and/or further processed and then incinerated for energy production, depending on its properties. This is an optional waste-to-energy system in the disclosed plan, including the optional inclusion of biomass streams, such as agricultural material, wood, and/or other organic materials, in one or more STD processes. The synergy is the same in terms of that described for the pyrolysis-based WTE systems described above, with the addition of the following. In an embodiment of the invention, the waste RTR infrastructure can be shared with the BGM biomass RTR infrastructure and/or other biomass RTR infrastructure (such as agricultural biomass, timber, energy crops, etc.) and the processes can be fully integrated or partially integrated.

In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass growing unit(s) in the biomass growing module may include a growing unit element that may contain one or more photobioreactor(s), a fermentation tank(s), another reactor(s), a pool(s) and/or any other system(s) for growing biomass. In an embodiment of the invention using photosynthetic biomass, CO2 from the exhaust gas of a thermal plant, either by using the exhaust gases of a thermal plant directly, or after optionally passing through a pollution capture module and / or other processing technology suitable for this purpose (for example, in Fig. 7A and 7B, further described herein as two exemplary systems that can be used for this purpose) can be delivered to a biomass growing module. In an embodiment of the invention, a source of biomass feedstock may be introduced into the stream at the appropriate entry point to facilitate growth, based on the technology used in the biomass growth module.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2 and/or in the figures or in the description relating to heat transfer and/or extraction, biomass-containing water discharged from the biomass growth module or BGM waste fluid containing biomass/water slurry, optionally after the treatment steps shown in fig. 1 can be sent to a thermal plant to provide cooling and heat extraction in various ways. The BGM effluent containing biomass from the BGM can be used directly to cool the thermal plant, can be further processed and then used to cool the thermal plant, and/or can be used in a heat exchange system cooled by another thermal plant fluid, in as a result, it cools and removes heat from the thermal plant indirectly, depending on the nature of the outflow of the BGM fluid, water quality requirements, flow, volume and / or other needs of the specific type (s) of the thermal plant technical means used and / or other factors. Optionally, the heat from the thermal plant can be transferred in some other way to the biomass/water slurry.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and / or other figures and / or in the description, related to extraction and/or transfer of heat and/or transfer of water, the water that has been separated from the biomass in the BGM fluid outflow or biomass/water slurry, after its possible treatment and/or purification, can be used for cooling the thermal plant and extraction heat for use, for example, in the plan.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or transfer of heat, the heat extracted from the thermal plant can be used productively to process biofuels created directly in the biomass growing module and/or biomass in a suspension of biomass/water, optionally treated in any way known to those skilled in the art. area, without collection using methods such as hydrothermal treatment, and/or any other methods of treating the exit from the biomass growing module, especially

- 97 039936 without collection, and/or for preheating of any of the above items. Alternatively or additionally, the biomass may be processed and/or harvested by any of the methods or combinations of methods described above and/or some other process that produces biomass and/or biofuels that can be useful for fuel and/or or other products, and/or in the synthesis of fuels and/or other products.

In one embodiment of the invention, a portion of the energy generated by a thermal plant can be used to provide light that allows the photosynthesis process to proceed during the night when electricity demand is reduced. In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass can be grown heterotrophically (in the absence of light, while using organic carbon) and/or mixotrophically (in the presence or absence of light, while using organic carbon). In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, oxygen obtained from daylight photosynthesis in the BGM can be stored and optionally sent back to the BGM at night for heterotrophic and/or mixotrophic growth process(s), or otherwise provided by the plan, such as in FIG. 25. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, carbon dioxide produced in heterotrophic growing processes can be stored overnight and optionally sent back to the BGM during the day for autotrophic biomass growing process(s). In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6 and/or in the other figures and/or in the description relating to the transfer of gases, any gases that may be created in any process or step may also be stored and reused in some other process/step biomass growth when it can be advantageous (see FIG. 6) and/or in other places, for example, in the plan. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, the biomass and/or BGU growth module it contains can operate exclusively as heterotrophic, and organic (bio-based) carbon and oxygen flow can be added to promote growth. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 5 and/or 6, different BGUs composed of BGMs operate as autotrophic, heterotrophic, and/or mixotrophic during the same time of day (e.g., autotrophic BGU exposed to the sun and heterotrophic BGU in a closed reactor) and/or in different time of day, and can exchange carbon dioxide and/or oxygen and/or other resources in controlled flows. In one embodiment of the invention, carbon dioxide flux, other nutrient fluxes, light exposure, temperature, biomass harvesting rate, and many other aspects affecting the biomass growing module can be optimized based on biomass species, climate, daylight cycle, and/or other factors, using sensors, flow controllers, manual and/or automated (eg computerized) controls and/or other devices adapted to the purpose.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 5, a biomass growing module may comprise a number of biomass growing units in any configuration, containing any number of the same and/or different BGUs used and/or connected in parallel with completely separate components, any number of BGUs used and/or connected in series. , any number of BGUs connected at some stage in their processing, for example, sharing block elements in whole or in part, sharing in whole or in part combined streams, and/or BGUs sharing different components and/or equipment, such as nutrient source, stress block, filtration block, extraction block, storage tank, piping, heat transfer equipment, carbon dioxide source, extraction block, and/or some other component, resource, and/or by-product of the plan, such as carbon dioxide , heat, water, oxygen, growth medium, carbon source, solvent, and/or other other light organic material (eg, volatile organic compounds such as C1-C ₁₀ hydrocarbons, alcohol, ether, ester, acid, etc., the volatile compounds may be combustible) and/or biomass. (See some configuration examples in Fig. 5).

Thus, the present invention provides an integrated approach to minimizing CO ₂ emissions, power generation, biofuel production, efficient use of heat and water, as well as the production of non-fuel products derived from biomass, wastewater treatment and/or waste-to-energy processing in some embodiments. inventions. Various embodiments provide a wide range of other water sources or combinations used to provide optional CO2 reductions and environments for the production of biomass and/or biofuels with water and/or thermal energy conservation.

In some embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 4, 7A and/or 7B, the thermal plant and the biomass growth module may be operatively linked to provide a controlled continuous or intermittent flow of carbon dioxide from the thermal plant through a riser or other transport device to the biomass growth module. In some embodiments of the invention, control systems may be configured to provide positive control of the thermal plant and/or BGM, monitoring, or both. For example, the constituents, temperatures, humidity and/or chemical composition of gases and/or liquids flowing to and/or from a thermal plant and/or any state(s) in the BGM (e.g. carbon dioxide levels, temperature, concentrations chemicals, etc.) can be monitored and/or regulated, and some of the gases and/or any liquids produced (for example, using pollution control and/or pollution capture modules) are directed either directly to the BGM, with the gases being routed through an optional contaminant capture module and/or other facilities, if necessary, to prepare gases and/or liquids for the BGM to optimize the carbon dioxide input and/or other inputs to the BGM. The exhaust gas recovery module and/or pollution control modules can be controlled to regulate the operation of these modules based on measurements of the thermal plant and/or BGM (for example, pollution control elements can be boosted or weakened, depending on changes in exhaust gases, and /or heat, pollutants trapped and/or water flows can be controlled based on BGM measurements). The thermal plant and/or biomass growing module and/or any of its components may be monitored and/or controlled by sensors and controls either manually or automatically and/or dynamically to control operating parameters and/or any of the inputs and/or exits. These sensors and controls can be integrated with computer control and automation systems for the whole plan with sensors and computer controls to determine the parameters of the plan and to send signals to control systems to tune and optimize performance (for example, and industrial control systems, optionally with adaptive controls and/or artificial intelligence). In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG.

7A or 7B, a thermal riser or other transport devices and/or attached modules such as an exhaust gas recovery module as in FIG. 7A and 7B may use dynamic controls (e.g. computerized controls coupled to hardware) that can automatically adjust measurements at some location, e.g. in plan, also to divert the controlled portion of the exhaust gases to the BGM/BGU and to directing the other part for processing for release into the environment. The part treated for release to the environment, if necessary, can use pollution control technologies to reduce emissions and/or heat exchangers to capture heat in this part of the exhaust gases for use, for example, in a plan. The resulting treated exhaust gases can be released into the environment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass growing module can be used as a means for water recovery. In such a case, for example, waste organic carbon, nitrates, metals and/or other potential contaminants in the feed water of the biomass growing module can be reduced by splitting, pooling and/or other means in growing the biomass. The BOD5 (5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand) in wastewater can be reduced by about 88-100%.

In one embodiment, wastewater, such as domestic wastewater, farm wastewater, animal husbandry wastewater, and/or other wastewater, may be used as the feedwater source for the biomass growing module. When wastewater can be included in any part of the water source for the biomass growing module, additional pre-treatment steps can be taken prior to use in the biomass growing module (e.g., primary wastewater treatment) and/or post-module post-treatment steps can be used. growing biomass (eg tertiary wastewater treatment) for further water treatment to obtain integrated wastewater treatment, to prepare the water for use in other processes and/or for release to the environment.

In an embodiment, such as in FIG. 1, 3 and/or 6, using waste water as a source and said system as a waste water treatment method, additional, traditional bacterial treatment facilities or other waste water treatment facilities can be provided next to the biomass cultivation module or BGU in within the BGM to manage additional and/or changing wastewater treatment needs, for example when the entire volume of wastewater treatment cannot be handled by the biomass growing module. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1, 3, 5 and/or 6, salt water, high salinity salt water, fresh water, waste water (partially treated or untreated) and/or other types of water can be used either in separate biomass growing units or combined as needed , in certain BGUs or individual elements of a BGU within a BGM, and/or multiple BGU variants may be used simultaneously and/or sequentially. Additional illustration of the various optional BGUs and their components can be seen in FIG. 6 and described in this document.

As shown in FIG. 7A and 7B, in one embodiment, exhaust heat is burned

- 99 039936 thermal unit, can be delivered by transport device and used to heat the BGM, individual BGU and/or individual components of the BGU, maintaining optimal biological growth and/or reproduction rate in the module 222 growing biomass. Because biomass growth can typically be temperature dependent, during the cold season and/or diurnal temperature changes and/or other temperature fluctuations, such heat, such as waste heat, in many cases promotes biological growth; and/or such heat may be used in other processes involving the heating of water for some process and/or purpose, such as a plan (see Fig. 2). Waste heat can also be converted to refrigeration to control the temperature of the BGM, individual BGUs and/or the BGU component to prevent overheating, for biomass purification/processing (e.g. for solvent condensation), for cooling/refrigeration of biomass products and/or for any or other use in the plan (see Fig. 2).

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 9, an exemplary biomass purification process that may be used may be a hydrothermal treatment (HTP) process known as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Fig. 9 may be an exemplary process for doing HTL. This liquefaction process typically results in the production of biofeedstock and water. In the first step, the biomass/water slurry may be treated by a tertiary treatment, optionally concentration with a gravity thickener, and/or other concentration method known to the person skilled in the art, such as centrifugation, and/or may be diluted with water from some source . The biomass grown in the biomass growing module containing water and/or biomass/water slurry can then be heated with a thermal plant and subjected to in situ NTR and/or the heated mixture can be sent to a refiner where it can be fed to hydrothermal liquefaction module.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example, in the embodiments of the invention shown in FIG. 15A, 15B, 16, 17 and/or 18, regardless of the concentration of biofuel in the biomass, the biomass/water slurry can be transferred to a thermal plant for use as a cooling fluid. The biomass/water slurry may pass through a heat exchanger to provide cooling to a thermal plant, such as the cooling/condensation step of a thermodynamic cycle (eg, the Rankine cycle, etc.), and/or other process steps that may be necessary in a thermal plant. cooling water. Optionally, heat from a thermal plant may be transferred to the biomass/water slurry using a different configuration of water sources and/or heat exchangers, such as to cool the thermal plant and then transfer heat to the biomass/water slurry via heat exchange, and/or some other the process may use any water and/or other source of fluid, and/or other process(s) used to transfer heat, which may not be heat transfer. In thermal plant processes in which air can be used to fire the boiler and/or to cool the working fluid, a heat exchanger can be used to transfer heat from the cooling air to the biomass/water slurry (see FIGS. 7A and 7B, further described). in this document for possible system configurations that can be used for waste heat recovery). The figures shown are only exemplary and any viable configuration may be used for waste heat recovery. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or description relating to selection and/or heat transfer, and FIG. 23 and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to use and/or pressure transfer, once the heat has been absorbed by the biomass/water slurry, the slurry may optionally be sent to a refiner for purification and/or further processing, whereby the refiner the installation may comprise an HTP module, such as the HTL module in FIG. 9 or other hydrothermal process module in which the temperature can be raised as needed and maintained (e.g., at or above about 350 degrees Celsius (662°F) for HTL) by additional heating (from a thermal plant and/or other source(s) involving heat recovery from some aspect of the plan, see Figure 2) and the pressure can be increased as needed for a particular HTP method (e.g. HTL, approximately 3000 psi (20 684 kPa) and maintained for approximately 1 hour). In one embodiment of the invention, the closed reactor can be heated from 500-1300°F with rapid heating, and the processing time can be about one minute. For example, see the following references, incorporated herein by reference and based on them:

http://www.greencarcongress.Com/2012/11/savage-20121108.html, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef301925d and/or http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/ bdigest/2015/02/22/alaeliquefacti on-what-is-is-and-why-it-might-be-the-key-to-affordable-drop-in-algae-biofuels/.

In one embodiment, an RTP Envergent Technologies, LLC or similar process is provided in which algae can be heated at atmospheric pressure and converted to

- 100 039936 biofuels. Pressure, temperature, rate at which heat can increase, and/or process time may be adjusted based on the type of biomass used, different combinations of heat, pressure, and time under different conditions, improved methodology, and/or other specific factors. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1, heat and/or power may be supplied to the HTP module by a thermal plant and/or a separate heating process, optionally fed from a thermal plant. After the hydrothermal treatment can be completed, the HTP module can release the products of the process, for example, for HTL or RTP, usually mainly biofeedstock and water; for CHG, biogas. The STD module can be a fixed container of any design or a moving transport device with any characteristics, in which STD can be performed, depending on design preferences. It may use batch method, constant flow, intermittent flow, or other flow method. The biofeedstock may be used directly as a fuel source for a thermal plant, or may be further dehydrated and/or purified and then used as a fuel source for a thermal plant. Hydrothermal conversion can be a thermochemical process for the re-formation of biomass in pressurized hot water. At elevated temperature and / or pressure, especially when the critical point (374.31 ° C and 22.1 MPa) of water is exceeded, the density, static dielectric constant and dissociation constant of ions in water decrease sharply, which can significantly increase the reaction rate. Due to the excellent properties of pressurized hot water, it acts as a non-polar solvent and mild reagent with a high diffusion coefficient, excellent transport properties and solubility. Consequently, over the past two decades, hydrothermal conversion technologies have been widely used to utilize fuels and chemicals from wet biomass and/or high moisture content organic wastes. Hydrothermal conversion can be divided into (1) hydrothermal carbonization (180-250°C) to produce hydrothermal carbonization solid product, (2) hydrothermal liquefaction (about 200-370°C with pressure between 4 and 20 MPa) to produce heavy oil and (3) hydrothermal gasification (near critical temperatures up to about 500°C) to produce hydrogen-rich gas under various conditions. From the point of view of the scarcity of energy from fossil fuels and the impact on the environment, in the long term it may be necessary to utilize renewable hydrogen from readily available wet biomass using hydrothermal gasification. Of particular interest may be the integration of the catalytic process in the process of thermochemical conversion of biomass to improve the yield and quality of gas and/or liquid fuels. Incorporation of catalyst(s) (whether homogeneous or heterogeneous) into hydrothermal gasification can provide good gasification performance at moderate temperatures and/or pressures, with reduced equipment and operating costs.

For example, see the following references, incorporated herein by reference and based on them:

http://www.genifuel.com/text/Genifuel%20Combined%2OHTL-CHG%20BFD.pdf; and http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Apostolos Gianni s/publication/26523 0800 Hydrot hermal gasification of sewage sludge and model compounds for renewable hydro genproduction A review/links/545304bdOcf26d5090a38456.pdf; and/or http://www.adktroutguide.com/files/Elliott hydrothermal gasification ofbiomass.pdf

The figures below show a flow diagram of a basic continuous flow catalytic hydrothermal gasification system.

The temperature used in a biomass hydrothermal gasification operation can have several significant implications. Three temperature regions can be distinguished for hydrothermal gasification: Region I (500-700°C supercritical water) the biomass decomposes and an activated carbon catalyst can be used to prevent char formation or an alkaline catalyst assists in shifting the water-gas reaction. Region II (374-500°C supercritical water) biomass hydrolysis and metal catalyst promotes gasification. Region III (below 374°C, subcritical water) biomass hydrolysis may be slowed down and gas generation may require catalysts.

As shown in FIG. 26 and/or 27, when operating in a system that reaches thermodynamic equilibrium, the resulting product gas composition will be determined by pressure and temperature. Operation at subcritical temperatures will result in a product gas with a high methane content and less hydrogen, while operations at supercritical temperatures will produce more hydrogen and less methane. A confusing factor may be that the partial pressure of water in the system will also affect the composition of the gaseous product at such a low concentration of biomass in the reactor system and therefore a higher water content will move the equilibrium towards hydrogen and away from methane by the known mechanism of steam reforming. . A useful catalyst for the gasification of biomass structures would also be a useful catalyst for methane synthesis and reforming. Usage

- 101 039936 catalyst can provide operation at low temperatures while maintaining useful kinetics.

The use of low temperature will also affect the mechanical systems to contain the reaction.

Operating at a lower temperature reduces capital costs due to lower pressure requiring less containment and less stress on the reactor walls, allowing the use of less expensive alloys.

This figure can serve as another example of the CHG process, and is taken from Catalytic gasification of algae in supercritical water for biofuel production and carbon capture 2009, Energy & Environmental Science. This figure may be described as FIG. 2: Sketch of the PSI catalytic hydrothermal gasification and methanation process. And in more detail: An important result was that the sulfate added as sodium sulfate to the original solution can be a strong poison for the ruthenium catalyst. Therefore, we introduced a salt separation step before the catalytic reactor in our continuous process (see Fig. 2). In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or heat transfer, the energy used to generate pressure and/or heat can be recovered after completion of the hydrothermal liquefaction and/or other NTR process. Such energy can then be transferred to produce additional energy and/or improve the efficiency of the plan and/or method, such as in FIG. 23.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to heat extraction and/or transfer, the heated biofeedstock, which may be a product of an HPT treatment, such as HTL, can be further purified despite still containing heat from HPT. For example, for HTL, as a rule, it may be necessary to increase the temperature of the biofeed to about 350° C. or higher, which is approximately the required temperature for further distillation into other fuels. Other STD processes can also result in heated fuel, possibly mixed with water. This heated mixture may optionally be dried (chemically and/or otherwise) and/or otherwise treated to separate it from water and/or other constituents and then sent as heated for refining to produce all other types of refined fuels that can be obtained, depending on the type of biomass used. For example, most types of algae biomass treated with HPT can be converted to the same types of fuels as those that can be obtained from oil, including LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, heating oil, heating oil and/or bitumen. The use of already heated LTR biofeedstock can save energy on reheating to further improve the biofeedstock after it has been cooled. Similarly, a gaseous fuel that may be a product of an HTR process, such as CHG, may use the heat in the resulting gaseous biofuel, possibly mixed with steam, in the same way to provide heat for dewatering and/or further refining of the biofuel. All heat used in any cleaning operations may be recovered, eg as described herein, and/or reused in plan, eg in FIG. 2.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, and/or 23, heated water and/or biofeedstock may be directed through other heat exchangers to recover heat used in biomass processing. Pressure can be recovered and/or regenerated using standard technology such as a turbine or Pelton wheel, turbocharger, pressure heat exchanger [such as DWEER, a rotary pressure heat exchanger, and Dannfoss iSave, an energy recovery pump (such such as a Clark pump, a Spectra Pearson pump, and/or other technical means suitable for this purpose)] and used to pressurize another portion of the heated biomass/water slurry to be prepared for hydrothermal treatment, to move process fluids, to generate electricity, to desalination, for other processes, for example in plan, and/or other applications, for example in FIG. 23.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to the extraction and/or transfer of heat, waste heat from the exhaust gases of a thermal plant, cooling of a thermal plant, including implementations using NTR biomass/water slurry and/or any other process, e.g. in the plan, can be reused for any hydrothermal treatment method and/or other purification processes for water, biomass and/or biofuels, including distillation of fuel, drying of biomass to preheat the water source of the biomass growth module , either for direct or indirect heating of a biomass growth module, for heating in anaerobic digestion (if used), for increasing the efficiency of biofuels and/or wastes in preparation for combustion and/or other processes, in the processing of cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol , in the extraction of supercritical fluids, to improve the efficiency of a desalination plant, for the NTR of any o organic waste that can be mixed with biomass and water and/or other fluid and/or for other processes or purposes in the plan (see fig. 2). In one implementation

- 102 039936 of the invention, for example in FIG. 7A, 7B and/or FIG. 3, the water that can be a substrate for any of the above processes can be reused at some place, for example, in terms of where water can be used, including as feed water for BGM, thermal plant cooling, for dilution of the outlet brine optional desalination system and/or for other purposes (see Fig. 2). Heat exchangers and/or other known technical means can be used to transfer heat from one system, for example in plan, to another.

In an embodiment, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D and/or 12E and/or in the figures or in the description relating to heat transfer and/or extraction, heat can be produced/recovered for use in the indicated applications and/or for other applications, e.g. in plan, as follows: Waste heat from a thermal plant in the form of waste gases and heat that can be taken away by the cooling water of a thermal plant, primary process heat produced by a thermal plant (for example, heat from a primary combustion process without waste), heat generated by some other thermal plant process, heat recovered from NTR and/or other water/biofuel/biomass treatment, heat that can be recovered from processes used to cool the BGM, additional solar thermal facilities of any type, including solar concentrators and/or towers, optionally a desalination plant outlet, and/or some other process, such as a plan in which heat may be recovered and/or disposed of, including heat recovery by any process described herein and/or known to a person skilled in the art. Heat exchangers and/or other known technical means can be used to transfer heat from one system to another and/or from one substance to another (for example, from water, steam, solids to another substance), and/or to different sources of the same type of substance (eg, from wastewater to a separate source of water used in various processes, from gases to other gases, etc.) that can transfer heat when needed, for example in a plan, for example, see FIG. 12A-12E.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, a hydrothermal post-treatment may be used to further treat the water outlet prior to use in other applications, if desired, such as in FIG. 1 and/or other processes such as collection of biomass material from the biomass growing module outlet stream, post-purification filter, ultraviolet irradiation, tertiary wastewater treatment (e.g. where wastewater can be used in a BGM), and/or other processing methods water known to those skilled in the art. The water treated by this system and/or the optional subsequent purification steps may be suitable for many purposes, e.g. as a potable water stream, not a potable stream, for release to the environment, for reuse in the open plan, wherever water is required (see Fig. 3).

As shown in FIG. 1, 4 and 6, in an embodiment, most, for example, the percentage described earlier, or all of the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas supplied to the biomass growing module can be consumed as feedstock for photosynthetic biomass growing and converted, thus, into useful organic compounds. Such manufacturing processes may produce fuels, dietary supplements, food and feed, pharmaceuticals, pigments, vitamins, antioxidants, biopolymers, cosmetics, paper, lubricants, fertilizers, chemicals and/or other types of products, as is known to those skilled in the art. source Pandey, et. al 2013 pgs. 205-233. Optionally, carbon dioxide may be used in some water, biomass and/or biofuel treatment technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction, desalination, water bottling/packaging for carbonated water and/or other liquids (probably after a certain cleaning), and/or can be used for other purposes (see Fig. 4).

In one embodiment, optionally, an artificial light source, optionally powered by a thermal plant, may be provided for use as needed, such as during off-peak, non-daylight conditions, for photosynthetic biomass growth. Thus, the biomass growing module can operate at least 80 to 100%, or 85 to 95%, or 90 to 100% of a 24 hour day. In one embodiment, the percentage of work per day may be 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%, or from one integer to another integer in the previous list, for example, from 83 to 92%. This percentage may include growing at night by supplying a carbon source with light (eg, autotrophic or mixotrophic) and/or without light (eg, heterotrophic or mixotrophic). Different growing methods can be used simultaneously in different BGUs in a BGM.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, 600, additional nutrient supply line(s) 620 may optionally deliver a controlled amount of nutrients (such as nitrogen and/or phosphorus) from a nutrient source controlled by a driving device, such as a variable speed pump, that receives input from measuring and / or other device for measuring the parameters of water and / or biomass, so that the control

- 103 039936 the signal can be sent to the driving device to regulate the flow of nutrients into the BGM or some other component. One or more measuring device(s) may be installed to measure the water content of the main nutrients in the system, biomass density, pH, temperature, gas types and/or any number of other factors, and optionally send the information to a computerized a system that can then send a signal back to one or more automated systems to make adjustment(s) to some operating parameter(s) (e.g., initiating an input or output, changing an input or output stream, changing some other aspect of the system in response specific and/or measured information). All systems, for example in plan, may have sensors and/or automatic or manual valves and/or other flow controllers for distributing materials, applying heat and/or cooling, adding or reducing carbon dioxide and/or other gases, adding or reducing additional water flows of any type, and/or to meet any other needs of all systems in the BGM. These systems may include integrated computer control and automation systems with sensors and computer controls to determine the operating parameters of the entire plan and to send signals to control systems to tune and optimize performance (for example, and industrial control systems, optionally with adaptive controls and / or artificial intelligence).

In one embodiment, the domestic wastewater used as the water source for the biomass growing module can be treated, in whole or in part, more completely to remove contaminants and dissolved carbon, such as in the disclosed plan, rather than in a standard wastewater treatment plant or plant. wastewater treatment based on biomass, known to the person skilled in the art. To optimize the capacity for both biomass cultivation and pollutant remediation, overlapping and/or pooling the useful inputs described in this document from other modules of the plan (e.g., excess carbon dioxide, heat, etc.) and controls can be used. consumption. For example, domestic wastewater effluent may contain significant concentrations of waste pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, eg hormones, antibiotics, cardiovascular drugs, etc., which biomass (eg algae) can use as a source of nutrition. Recently, algae have become important organisms for biological wastewater treatment because they can accumulate plant nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, antibiotics, drugs, hormones, antibodies, proteins, viruses, and the like. and/or other human xenobiotics, organic and inorganic toxic substances and radioactive substances in their cells/bodies with their bioaccumulative abilities. For example, see the following references, which may be incorporated herein by reference and based on them: Bulent Sen, Mehmet Tahir Alp, Feray Sonmez, Mehmet Ali Turan Kocer and Ozgur Canpolat (2013). Relationship of Algae to Water Pollution and Waste Water Treatment, Water Treatment, Dr. Walid Elshorbagy (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0928-0, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/51927. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/water-treatment/relationship-of-algae-to-water-pollution-and-waste-watertreatment and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pmc/articles/PMC4052567/. Abdel-Raouf, N., A. A. Al-Homaidan, and I. B. M. Ibraheem. Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 19.3 (2012): 257-275. In an embodiment, domestic wastewater and/or agricultural and/or stormwater may contain a high concentration of fertilizers, pesticides, and the like, which serve as a food source for algae. An embedded system can be designed, controlled and regulated to optimize the growth of biomass such as algae and thus greatly improve the efficiency of pollutant absorption. In an embodiment, the effluent leaving the biomass growing module may contain a lower concentration of nitrates, phosphorus and/or other contaminants than the wastewater supplied to the biomass growing module. Likewise, carbon dioxide and other gases and pollutants (e.g., NOx and SOx particles) can be released to the environment in the effluent from the biomass growing module at a lower rate per unit time than the rate per unit time at which carbon dioxide and other gases and particles can be delivered to the biomass growing module from the exhaust gases of the thermal plant.

As shown in FIG. 6, in one embodiment, the biomass growth module comprises a BGU 600 with a growth unit element 602 that optionally receives exhaust gases or treated exhaust gases and/or liquids, for example, from a pollution capture module 712, pollution control module 704, and/or other technical means of processing, and they can be combined with a source of water, optional flow 620 nutrients and/or other elements to stimulate growth. A source of biomass "seeds" may be added to start and/or support, or to promote biomass growth. In photosynthetic embodiments, carbon dioxide and/or other gases, such as harmful gases, can be used to produce biomass and oxygen can be released. Oxygen can be stored and/or transferred; oxygen can be used in other processes, for example, in the plan; and/or oxygen can be sold,

- 104 039936 for example in Fig. 25.

In an embodiment, such as in FIG. 25, oxygen obtained from BGM and/or from other sources, such as in FIG. 25 may be wholly or partially introduced into the flow of any thermal plant combustion technology as a means to reduce NOx formation in thermal plant emissions and/or to provide other potential benefits in combustion processes.

In one embodiment, one or more bioreactors may be used in a biomass growth module and/or in any BGU composed of BGM and/or in any element of a growth unit composed of BGU.

In one embodiment, the bioreactor may be a partially or completely enclosed structure containing water, gases, nutrients and/or other elements used for growing biomass, inlets allowing the introduction of the required elements and/or outlets for biomass, biofuels, water, gases and/or other items to be released. A bioreactor that allows light to enter the biomass for use in photosynthesis processes can be called a photobioreactor.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 6, BGUs composed of BGMs that may be used in an embodiment of the invention include outdoor pools, indoor pools, canals, high flow pools, waste stabilization pools, other pools with any characteristics and/or other water bodies and/ or parts thereof, whether closed and/or open to the environment, and other open and/or closed systems of any kind adapted for biomass growth. BGUs may contain nutrient streams, water streams, external and/or internal lighting, water jets, paddle wheels and/or other fluid movement and/or agitation technology, gas supply technology to deliver CO ₂ and/or other gases, and /or any of the wide range of technical means used to enhance the growth and/or processing of biomass.

In one embodiment, solar power may be selected for use in the method and/or systems described herein. For example, solar energy can be absorbed in the form of an indoor or outdoor pool of any configuration, including the use of water in decorative water features such as pools, fountains, lakes, etc. (for example, used to improve the visual appeal of the plan), and /or a solar thermal facility such as a solar tower, solar concentrator and/or other solar thermal plant of any specification can be used to heat water to an elevated temperature before entering the BGM and/or other plan modules to heat the intake water for an optional desalination plant and/or for some other use of water, for example in plan (eg in Fig. 3). In colder climates or during cooler times of the day when cold water can be beneficial, the water contained in the pool can be used for plan cooling.

It can be assumed that most aquatic biomass species can only grow effectively between approximately 37°N and 37°S, and when nighttime temperatures decrease and/or daytime temperatures may be too high, aquatic biomass growth may slow or stop. Photosynthetic biomass can have a sufficient light resource in many parts of the world where temperature constraints prevent or slow growth. The disclosed plan may be intended to address the problem of temperature limitations in biomass cultivation around the world. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or transfer of heat, and/or, for example in FIG. 6, heat, such as waste heat and/or co-generation cooling from a thermal plant, water withdrawal from the LTR, and/or other heat-intensive process, for example in plan (for example in Fig. 2) can be provided to counteract temperature changes in the biomass growing module , BGU in the BGM and/or any component(s) of any BGU, due to, for example, changes in ambient temperature and/or other causes that may be detrimental to optimal biomass growth. Thus, the combination of a thermal plant and/or other heat sources and a biomass growing module can provide daily and/or year-round operation and optimization of the biomass growing module, for example, 24/7 operation, and use in temperate climates in which biomass such like algae, cannot grow efficiently at ambient temperatures throughout all or part of the year, or even in extremely cold climates, such as arctic regions, where it may be too cold to grow biomass efficiently in a normal biomass growing system. In an embodiment, for example, FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20c, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or transfer of heat, and/or FIG. 6, cooling from a thermal plant (for example, using combined cooling technology), and/or other means for delivering cooling to the plan and/or regenerating cooling, for example, FIG. 2 and as described in

- 105 039936 herein and/or in any manner known to those skilled in the art, can provide biomass growth in warm or even extremely hot environments (e.g. deserts) that can typically hinder growth rates and/or limit species available for use . The refrigeration thus generated can also be used to create refrigeration such as air conditioning and/or refrigeration for building cooling, for cooling or refrigeration of biomass products, for use in biomass purification, e.g. and/or cooling of other process gases, liquids and/or solids within the scope of the plan and/or for other purposes that could potentially be used on site and/or off site.

In one embodiment of the invention relating to methods and systems for growing biomass and their plans, for example in FIG. 6, the biomass growing module, some BGUs containing it, and/or some components containing BGUs can be installed in contact with the ground, partially or completely underground, in contact with water, and/or partially or completely submerged in water, how it is most advantageous for the location, taking into account the stability and optimization of the temperature. For example, in the cold climate of the Arctic/Antarctic, the biomass growing module and/or any of its components (e.g. bioreactor) may preferably be wholly or partly underground and/or installed in a container (e.g. tank) filled with water, air and/or or other fluid. Either earth, water, ambient air and/or any other material in contact with and/or entering the BGM, BGU, or BGU element (e.g. source water) may be heated by a thermal plant, e.g. heat and/or primary process heat, e.g. as described herein, and/or another heat source, e.g. in plan (e.g. in Fig. 2), and/or cooled, e.g. waste heat, and/or other cold fluid source (eg, FIG. 2, as otherwise disclosed herein and/or known to those skilled in the art) to maintain a favorable temperature for biomass growth. In an embodiment of the invention, outlets from the BGM, pipelines and/or other components, for example in plan, can also be installed partially or completely underground. Ground that is in contact with the BGM, BGM component(s) and/or other components, e.g. in plan, can be heated and/or cooled using heat and/or cogeneration cooling from a thermal plant and/or heat from other sources eg in plan, and/or other sources (eg geothermal heat if available locally, solar-heated facilities such as solar concentrators and/or towers and/or other sources or facilities). In one embodiment of the invention, the BGM and/or any of its components may be designed to float on the surface of the water, where the water helps regulate the temperature, and the movement of the water in contact with the BGM component (e.g., waves and/or currents) may be used when blending biomass and/or other elements contained in BGM. In an embodiment of the invention, if the BGM can be in contact with water and/or partially or completely submerged in water, a water tank, pool and/or other water structure can be used to contain water, heat and/or cooling generated by a thermal installation, its outlet and/or other plan heat source(s) (eg, FIG. 2) can be used to control the temperature in the water structure to maintain an optimum temperature in the biomass growing module or any of its component(s). In one or more embodiments of the invention, the biomass growing module may alternatively or additionally comprise devices and/or structures for accommodating and/or controlling the flow of air around the biomass growing module or any of its components, as well as for heating and/or cooling air for controlling the temperature of the biomass growing module or its components using air, other gas and/or steam. For this purpose, heated air, other gas and/or steam and/or co-generated cooling air from a thermal plant and/or other sources such as plan and/or other sources (such as waste heat and/or air cooling) can be used. may be sent to a greenhouse or other structure containing BGM). In one embodiment, heat exchangers, reinstallation, restructuring, covers, heat to and/or from the biomass growing module or any of its components, electricity, heat and/or cooling provided by a thermal plant and/or other sources, for example in terms of plan, technical means evaporation and/or any other means and/or design suitable for transferring heat, storing and/or releasing heat, or otherwise reducing excess heat may be used to control the temperature of the BGM, BGU, block element, and/or any of its components, optionally using sensors with automation (for example, to measure temperature or another aspect of the system and/or plan and accept changes to the system) and/or some other method known to those skilled in the art where it is possible to implement and operation of these technical means.

In one embodiment, the implementation of the cultivation of biomass can be carried out batch method, semi-continuous or continuous method in any BGU. Feed water for any

- 106 039936

The BGU or component of the BGU may be treated to remove or reduce any of the constituents that may be detrimental to biomass growth, for example if metal levels may be too high and would be lethal to the biomass, the water may be treated to remove metals prior to use in the BGU. The feed water for any BGU and/or BGU component can be used from any source, for example, in plan (see Fig. 3), and can also be processed in any other way known in the art, to optimize biomass growth, such as adding chemicals to adjust pH levels, adding nutrients, minerals, combining with other water sources, and/or any other treatment known in the art to optimize biomass growth based on specific system conditions, including the type(s) of biomass used, climate, temperature changes and/or any other factor that may affect biomass growth. In one embodiment, the feed water may also be preheated in some way, and the water and/or water/biomass slurry may be heated or cooled, for example, as described herein, including any of the process(s) of FIG. 2, 3, 7a, 7B, 11, 12, or 14-22 may be pre-heated or pre-cooled using decorative water features such as pools, fountains and/or lakes, pre-heated using solar thermal technology (e.g. , solar towers and/or solar concentrators) and/or by any method known to a person skilled in the art, and then sent to the BGU, in whole or in part, as feedwater for the BGM or any component of the BGM.

In an embodiment, such as in FIG. 1, WWTP or any of its components may be adapted for use as a BGM or to support the operation of a BGM. WWTP pools tend to be too deep to be optimal for biomass growth such as algae. WWTP pools can be filled to provide shallower pools suitable for aquatic biomass and agitation and carbon dioxide source can be added, such as water pipe design. Alternatively, lighting can be added below the pool surface to illuminate the depth of WWTP pools to make them suitable for growing biomass such as algae. If beneficial, WWTP pools and/or other structures may be used to contain water that may be in contact with the BGM or any of its components to control the temperature of the BGM or any of its components. For example, BGU bioreactors can be fully and/or partially submerged or otherwise brought into contact with pools (e.g., floating on the surface) that are currently in use, or have been used in the past, as part of a WWTP, to create a more stable temperature in the bioreactor. . In addition, WWTP pools and/or other structures can be heated or cooled using heat and/or cooling generated in the thermal plant and/or from other sources (e.g. in plan, such as in Fig. 3) to optimize BGM or any of its components. Any of these WWTP adaptations to support the BGM may be used with active WWTPs to the extent practicable and/or those that can be converted or modified to operate or maintain the operation of the BGM, BGU and/or other components. from BGM, and can no longer be used as WWTP.

In one embodiment, heat transfer mechanisms not specifically described herein may be used to generate energy from heat via steam, electricity, or otherwise, or to extract heat from water, gases, or otherwise, and may be known to those skilled in the art. use, for example in plan, where heat transfer can take place.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1 and/or in the description relating to the operation and/or design of the BGU, regardless of the design and/or operation of the biomass growth module(s), including embodiments that include photosynthetic, non-photosynthetic processes, and/or mixed biomass growth processes , the circuit may contain constructs for partially blocking, redirecting, filtering, concentrating and/or otherwise changing lighting in the biomass growing module or individual BGUs, BGU unit elements and/or other BGU components. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, a photosynthetic bioreactor used to grow biomass using light can be configured to grow an organism or organisms in the dark by selectively blocking and/or filtering sunlight at predetermined times and/or in response to detected condition, and selectively unblocking and/or removing such sunlight filters at other times and/or under other detected and/or selected conditions. Also, different wavelengths of light can be directed into the BGU or block element or filtered out when advantageous (e.g. in FIG. 8), either using equipment outside the bioreactor and/or by modifying the bioreactor itself (e.g., coating the bioreactor can be done with the possibility of selective filtering of light).

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 8, the system and method can be used to select a portion of the light spectrum and use it to effect photostress on the body.

- 107 039936 nism, e.g. algae, using filters, selectively reflective surfaces and/or BGU materials, and/or other means to change the light in a manner that is most suitable for the growth of the desired biomass and/or products formed from it (e.g. , exposure to stress when using certain wavelengths of light). These processes can be used to change and/or select the frequencies of light directed to any element of the block of any BGU. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, in an embodiment of the invention, hot mirror 810A or other technical means suitable for this purpose receives sunlight and/or an artificial light source and reflects predominantly blue light 811 into the first BGU 802 while allowing other wavelengths of light 812 to pass through to the reflector. 810B of the second stage, which reflects predominantly red light 814 into another BGU 804, and all other wavelengths of light 816 can be allowed to pass into another BGU 806. Alternatively, the remaining wavelengths of light 812 can pass directly into the BGU without reflector 810B for process completion. Alternatively, BGU 806 may be omitted from any of these configurations, with the remaining wavelengths not sent to the BGU. Red and blue light in Fig. 8 can only be examples. Similarly, any wavelengths of light in the visible and/or invisible ranges can be used. Thus, or by using different sequences or different wavelengths of light when reflected in the same way or by other methods known to those skilled in the art, different wavelengths of light that are most beneficial in the biomass growing process can be used.

As shown in FIG. 8, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 800 configured to provide selected wavelengths of light to a BGU or component thereof comprising a hot mirror or other light selective surface 810A operably coupled to the BGU, wherein the mirror or other surface is selectively reflective. or the direction of the wavelength or wavelength range of light 811, 812 in the BGU or its component 802, 806. An embodiment of the invention includes a system that allows selected wavelengths of light 812 to pass through a hot mirror or other light selective surface 810A. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which selected wavelengths of light 812 are directed to the BGU or BGU component 806. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which selected wavelengths of light 812 are directed to a second hot mirror or other light selective surface 810B. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which selected wavelengths of light 814 are reflected or directed from a second hot mirror or other light selective surface 810B into or onto the BGU or BGU component 804. An embodiment of the invention includes a system that allows selected wavelengths of light 816 to pass through a hot mirror or other light selective surface 810B. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which selected wavelengths of light 816 are directed to the BGU or BGU component 806.

As shown in FIG. 8, an embodiment of the invention includes a method of providing selected wavelengths of light to one or more BGUs or BGU components, including receiving light on a hot mirror or other light selective surface 810A, wherein the hot mirror or other light selective surface is operatively coupled to the BGU and selectively reflects or directs wavelengths of light, and directs selected wavelengths of light 811, 812 to the BGU or BGU component 802, 806. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which selected wavelengths of light 812 are allowed to pass through a hot mirror or other light selective surface 810A. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which selected wavelengths of light 812 are sent to the BGU or BGU component 806. An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including directing selected wavelengths of light 812 to a second hot mirror or other light selective surface 810B and selectively reflecting or directing a second selected wavelength range 814, 816 to a BGU or BGU component 804, 806. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which selected wavelengths of light 816 are allowed to pass through a hot mirror or other light selective surface 810B. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which selected wavelengths of light 816 are sent to the BGU or BGU component 806.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 6, the biomass growing module may contain appropriate structures, control modules, hardware and software, such as valves for introducing or releasing gases, liquids and/or solids necessary to maintain optimal biomass growth. To detect any conditions in the BGM or any of its components, the atmosphere and/or surrounding systems, sensors can be used to send a signal to the control system, which can then initiate an automatic response to tune the BGM and/or its supporting systems (for example, systems that are connected and/or interoperable with and/or otherwise provide inputs, receive outputs, and/or otherwise interact with the BGM in any way that affects its operation, such as in a plan). For example, a sensor can monitor the temperature of a BGM component and trigger an automatic

- 108 039936 response to release additionally heated water into the pool heating component of the BGM to optimize its temperature. This automated system may be computer controlled. The computer software may use algorithms based on data and/or intelligent adaptive controls.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 25, oxygen and/or other gases released from the BGU may be collected and stored and/or redirected for use in heterotrophic biomass growth processes, in WWTP, in other processes useful to the plan, and/or may be sold. In one embodiment of the invention, in order to reduce NOx emissions, the oxygen collected from the BGU can be fully or partially introduced into the combustion processes of a thermal plant.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, a BGM may contain not only one process flow, but possibly many different BGUs, which can use many bioreactors, tanks, pools, with any necessary auxiliary block elements, for example in FIG. 6, other designs suitable for the purpose and/or any combination of technical means for growing and/or processing biomass.

In one embodiment of the invention, a BGM may consist of one or more BGUs, such as in FIG. 5. The BGU may be any system for growing/development/biomass production, including a grow block element and any additional block elements to support biomass growth in that particular BGU, such as nutrient supply, a stress block element and/ or any other block elements required for the BGU system (for example, Fig. 6 and US patent 2009/0197322 A1, incorporated herein by reference in provisional application US No. 62173905, filed June 10, 2015, Appendix 2) and /or other possible components and/or processes that can be used in the BGU. In one embodiment of the invention, other systems and/or components may be used that may be suitable for supporting biomass growth.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 5, one or more BGUs of any configuration constituting a BGM may be used and/or connected in series and/or in parallel, may share any component(s), may be wholly or partly fused into each other. In FIG. 5 shows some examples of BGM configurations. In FIG. 5, lines with arrows indicate inflows and outflows, and lines without arrows represent sharing, including sharing from one BGU to another or back and forth of any material (including inflows and/or outflows) from any element(s) of the block composed from BGU.

Example 1: one BGU;

Example 2: BGU in serial connection;

Example 3: BGU in parallel without sharing.

Example 4: BGU in parallel with shared use.

Example 5: BGU in parallel with shared use and only one outflow;

Example 6: Multiple BGUs in different inflow and outflow sharing configurations. The illustrated configurations are intended to be examples only and any BGU configuration may be used to enable the BGM.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6, or other figures and/or in the description relating to BGU, instead of pools or photobioreactors for growing biomass, other technical means can be used in any of the biomass BGUs, such as fermentation processes, heterotrophic growth of biomass (not requiring sunlight ), mixotrophic growth of biomass, and/or any other system disclosed and/or known to those skilled in the art that may be viable in the production of biomass and/or biofuels. Any other systems that work differently to produce fuel and/or consume carbon dioxide, or new systems developed in the future that perform these functions, can also be used in the same way to perform the BGU function. Biomass, fuel(s) and/or products derived from any of these systems can be used, for example, as described herein.

In one embodiment of the invention, various processes can be used to purify/separate the biomass, for example, in a refiner and/or RPP, represented in some figures of the present description as a refiner/RRR. Currently, NTS can be considered the preferred technical means of separating biomass from water and/or partial purification for biofeedstock and/or other fuels. Any equivalent technique and/or method that may be available to a person skilled in the art can be used for these processes in a scheme or plan to allow flexible use of various techniques known in the field, where separation is most advantageous. and/or purification of biomass. The resulting fuels can be used, for example, as described herein.

In one embodiment of the invention, in the manufacture of other biomass-derived products, created, for example, in the disclosed plan (for example in Fig. 6 and 14), containing products of higher value, such as pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements, such as known to the person skilled in the art, according to Pandey, et al. 2013 p. 205-233,

Other methods may be used to treat the biomass, including: filtration, screening, centrifugation, flotation (including dissolved air and hydrogen), flocculation, bioflocculation, gravity settling, gravity thickener, and/or other techniques known to the person skilled in the art, for example , Shelef, et al., 1984 and Pandey et al., 2013 p. 85110.

As shown in FIG. 14, a separation unit 1404 separates biomass 1404a and/or 1403 from water 1406, which can be accomplished by filtration, screening, centrifugation, flotation (including dissolved air and hydrogen), flocculation, bioflocculation, gravity settling, gravity thickener, and/or other methods. , known to the person skilled in the art and/or, for example, Shelef et al., 1984 and Pandey et al., 2013 p. 85-110.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 7A and/or 7B, and unexpectedly, sulfur recovery may be affected by the process of the invention. Sulfur can often be an integral part of the fuel burned in a thermal plant. When burned, sulfur forms predominantly sulfur dioxide (SO2). In the presence of water, sulfur dioxide forms sulfurous acid (H ₂ SO ₃ ), a weak acid. Thus, sulfur oxides, which can often create problems in the flue gases, requiring scrubbers and/or other thermal plant flue gas treatment facilities, can here be used to help further reduce the flue gases and/or water in the system, regardless of whether the exhaust gases can be treated by the pollution control module in the exhaust gas recovery module and/or the pollution control module (for example, in Fig. 7A or 7B), and/or other technical means suitable for this purpose, and/ or used directly in the biomass growing module. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 7A, 7B and/or 22, sulfurous acid can be collected from a pollution control module and/or a pollution control module (e.g., FIGS. 7A and/or 7B), a wet scrubber and/or a first pass and/or a second pass 2240 , 2276 two-way wet scrubber (for example, in Fig. 22), and / or other technical means of cleaning exhaust gases, and / or used for additional treatment of exhaust gases and / or alkaline and / or saline soils or water.

In one embodiment of the invention, the plan may contain one or more of the following elements: a biomass growing module using wastewater and servicing some functions of a wastewater treatment plant, a fresh water BGU, a seawater BGU, a brackish water BGU, and/or other type(s) BGU, for example, as described herein; traditional plant for bacterial wastewater treatment; sludge treatment plant; thermal plant, which may include the production of energy from fuel and/or waste and/or other heat-intensive processes; desalination plant; biofuel/biomass processing plant; waste treatment and/or disposal facility; biofuel research center; water bottling/bottling/packaging plant for biomass products; a non-technical facility such as a transport zone; site service facility; non-production office premises; assembly area such as a convention center, tower, decorative and/or water treatment fountain (for example, to oxygenate water), swimming pool(s) and/or lake(s) and/or other water feature, for example, to release water into environment or as a reservoir for supplying water to a biomass growing module, a thermal plant and/or other modules described herein.

In one embodiment of the invention, a thermal plant can provide heat and/or optional energy for a plan and/or optionally for a network. Solid waste can be treated and disposed of when possible or used in a WTE facility for power generation. WWTBGU may treat wastewater, reduce on-site carbon dioxide emissions, produce biofuels for use as an on-site energy source, and/or may use other water source(s) to produce a variety of fuels and other products for off-site output. A conventional wastewater treatment plant may exist before and/or adjacent to a WWT plant based on a biomass growth unit, or WWTBGU. The resulting treated water from any process can be used for industrial applications, firefighting, landscaping, irrigation and/or other purposes. The sludge treatment plant can process sludge from the WWTBGU and/or WWTP plant(s) and use it to produce soil substrates, fertilizers, fuels (by hydrothermal treatment and/or other methods) and/or other products. A biomass growing unit with salt water and/or brackish water can produce biofuels and/or other valuable products from sea water while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Water can be taken from the sea, desalinated in a desalination plant and used, for example, for drinking and/or many other plan and community functions. All manufactured products and by-products obtained, for example, in a plan, can be used synergistically to ensure maximum environmental benefit. AT

- 110 039936 one embodiment of the invention, the object can be essentially autonomous and self-sufficient in terms of energy use, water use, reduction of CO2 and other harmful emissions, wastewater treatment and/or waste treatment.

Wastewater Biomass Growing Unit/Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plant: In one embodiment of the invention, the BGU can grow biomass using wastewater as a water source and simultaneously treat wastewater from domestic wastewater, farm effluent and/or other wastewater. water in whole or in part. Other process steps known to the person skilled in the art may be added to achieve specific wastewater treatment goals. Such a BGU, with additional modules added as needed for additional processing, may be referred to as a "Wastewater Treatment BGU" (WWTBGU).

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 6 or in the other figures and/or in the description relating to the BGU, one or more conventional bacterial wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), WWTBGU, both or optionally more than one of both, can be located in the vicinity of the place where the treatment can be performed. wastewater in any embodiment of the invention. In this sense, optionally, when combined, the WWTP unit(s) and/or WWTBGU may form a wastewater treatment site. These systems may also be operatively linked to shared infrastructure in general and/or may exchange gases (e.g., a photosynthetic WWTBGU may supply oxygen to a WWTP and/or a WWTP may supply CO ₂ to a photosynthetic WWTBGU, e.g., as described herein, e.g. in Fig. 4 and 25). In one embodiment, one of these BGU units or systems may be built first, followed by others later, the original system may continue to operate, or may later be partially or completely converted to another type of wastewater treatment system (e.g., first WWTP may be built, and WWTBGU may be added later to run concurrently or to replace WWTP, in whole or in part).

Therefore, a scheme, system, or plan may have either or both systems. Synergy exists between the two systems when merging and also when WWTP exists first and can then be converted to WWTBGU as described below.

In an embodiment of the invention, for example with reference to FIG. 3, an unanticipated benefit may be the synergy of both the WWTP and WWTBGU systems with the rest of the plan. Rinsing water and/or excess water and/or biomass from the optional water bottling/bottling/biomass products packaging plant can be sent to WWTP/WWTBGU for water treatment, recovery or a substantial portion of it, e.g. 60 to 100% wash water and/or excess water, and/or 60 to 90%, or 60 to 80%, or 60 to 70% water. Wastewater from all other installations, for example in the plan, may be directed to WWTP/WWTBGU, including water used to cool the thermal plant, if acceptable to those systems, or may be treated and then sent to these systems.

In one embodiment, WWTBGUs can use carbon dioxide and generate oxygen, while WWTPs can be bacterial and therefore use oxygen and release carbon dioxide during the wastewater treatment process. For this reason, WWTBGUs may generally be preferred, for example in terms of plan, but in some cases WWTPs may be preferred, and may be performed either alone or in conjunction with WWTBGU.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 4, WWTBGU can be used in conjunction with WWTP, whereby it can be used to reduce CO2 emissions from WWTP and/or provide O2 to WWTP (eg, in photosynthetic variants) to achieve near zero carbon dioxide emissions in wastewater treatment. The oxygen generated by the WWTBGU and/or other BGU may also be withdrawn, withdrawn and/or sold, introduced into thermal plant combustion processes to reduce NOx emissions and/or for other purposes, such as in FIG. 25.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, the HTP outlet water can serve as feed water for the BGU, in whole or in part. This water source may contain higher levels of carbon and/or other NTR materials, as opposed to wastewater, which may require remediation and/or may contribute to biomass growth. In this case, the water source may be salt water, fresh water, and/or some other type of water described herein as a possible type of water source in the BGU that has been treated with HTP. In addition to treating water using residual carbon and/or possibly other material in the water, the synergy of BGU using HPT wastewater can be the same as for the type of feed water used for the HPT process.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, HTR effluent can be treated in the same manner as BGM effluent 117. The higher carbon content can provide a concentrated carbon stream that can be mixed with the BGM effluent and/or treated separately by going through any of the processing steps taken on the BGM effluent 117.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 6 and/or any figure or description,

- 111 039936 related to WWTBGU, WWTBGU can effectively perform at least what can be commonly referred to in the wastewater industry as secondary wastewater treatment, to a degree perhaps superior to that of conventional WWTP. Primary and possibly tertiary treatment may be required to perform the process to typical domestic wastewater treatment standards. If standard WWTP can work, and can subsequently be converted to WWTBGU, as understood by one skilled in the art and/or in accordance with the embodiments of the invention in this specification, or if it works in conjunction with WWTBGU, the primary and/or tertiary processing infrastructure , originally developed for WWTP, may also be adapted for use in WWTBGU or in conjunction with WWTBGU, and/or if WWTP is adapted for WWTBGU, perhaps some or all of the secondary processing infrastructure may be adapted for use in WWTBGU. If only WWTBGU can be built and some aspects of primary and/or tertiary processing may not be needed, these steps can be omitted, reducing infrastructure and/or O&M costs.

In one embodiment, biomass from BGM can be used to create a variety of useful products for on-site use and/or off-site export. Some site use examples include bioplastics, which can be used in a water bottling/bottling/biomass product packaging plant, and biomass-based lubricants, which can be used in machines throughout the site. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to extraction and/or heat transfer, waste heat from a thermal plant and/or primary process heat and/or cogeneration cooling can be used in many biomass processing applications. In an embodiment, such as in FIG. 1 and/or 14, biomass products requiring bottling may be bottled in a combined water bottling/biomass product bottling/packaging (WWPP) plant. In one embodiment, solid biomass products and/or biomass products in oil can also be packaged in this plant.

Infrastructure Synergy: In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24, an STD module or unit that can be used, for example, as described herein, for biomass processing and/or similar methods, can also be used as a means of converting waste to energy. STD and/or equivalent techniques known to the skilled person can be used to process a wide range of organic materials to produce biofeedstock. A GTR module or unit or equivalent treatment systems designed for biomass can be used in conjunction with those used for solid waste treatment. The HTL can be made in accordance with the PNNL process patent, WO 2013/184317A1, for example in FIG. 9. Other variants of NTR and/or similar processes suitable for this purpose may also be used.

Other Fresh Water Biomass Growth Units: In one embodiment of the invention, fresh water sources other than waste water may be used in the BGU. A BGU that uses fresh water with no wastewater content may be referred to as a Freshwater BGU (FWBGU). Such fresh water sources may contain water withdrawn from lakes, streams, WWTP/WWTBGU outlets and/or other sources, as long as they do not contain significant amounts of wastewater. FWBGU can perform the same synergies with the plan as WWTBGU, except that the wastewater will not be treated.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, the BGU may also use fresh water, which may be partly wastewater and partly non-wastewater. Such a system can be called a mixed freshwater BGU (Mixed Freshwater BGU, MFWBGU). The likelihood of nutrient deficiencies for biomass growth may be greater in non-wastewater or partially wastewater sources. Additional nutrient flow can be added to any BGU water source where needed to promote biomass growth. The nutrient stream may contain nitrates, phosphorus and/or possibly other nutrients suitable for growing biomass.

Salt Water Biomass Growing Unit (Salt Water/Brine Water/Brackish Water): In one embodiment, a salt water BGU uses salt water as the primary medium containing optionally any one or combination of salt water sources (e.g., sea water, brine water and/or brackish water). The salt water BGU (SWBGU) will have all the same benefits and/or synergies with the plan as the WWTBGU, except that the water used in the SWBGU and the SWBGU outlet water will be salt water, so wastewater will not be treated through this process, and some of the pre-treatment and/or post-treatment steps used for wastewater treatment may be unnecessary. The SWBGU outlet water will be used, if necessary, for salt water, for example in plan.

In one embodiment, such as in FIG. 1, fig. 2 and/or FIG. 3, BGU salt water release

- 112 039936 from any module, for example in plan, or the biomass/water slurry and/or the treated biomass/water slurry from the post-BGM post-treatment steps as noted in FIG. 1 containing biomass and/or salt water with biofuels can operate essentially without primary and/or tertiary treatment and/or can be used in the same methods and/or systems as described for other BGU releases in the plan, including: use as cooling water in a thermal installation; performing hydrothermal treatment (HTP); preheating for NTR and/or other biomass processing facilities, in ornamental water bodies, and/or in other objects, for example in plan. If the BGU and/or the outlet of the BGU is heated in any way, the heat may be recovered prior to the outlet by one of the methods provided herein. Once the biomass and/or other uses of the plan have been obtained, the used salt water may be mixed and/or released with the optional desalination plant brine outlet, which provides the effect of somewhat diluting the brine outlet, and/or may be reclaimed and used as indicated. for example in plan (see Fig. 3).

In one embodiment, the SWBGU may be used in place of or simultaneously with the WWTBGU and/or another BGU.

In one embodiment, the SWBGU may share infrastructure with an optional desalination plant, including, for example, seawater abstraction, pumps, pipes, heat utilization, water utilization, and/or discharge. In one embodiment of the invention, the SWBGU may use salt water separately from the desalination plant, it may receive brine as feed water from the desalination plant, and/or its output may be directed to the desalination plant (see description in the desalination section).

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3 and/or FIG. 14, the SWBGU may use conventional salt water such as sea water and/or may use a brine outlet (high salinity outlet water from an optional desalination plant) to grow biomass. The resulting brine outlet from the SWBGU can be treated in the same manner as the brine outlet described herein, but may be lower in nutrients, lower in certain minerals, biological materials, and/or other chemicals than marine water, after treatment with SWBGU, which can provide different biomass products, salt and/or other products from brine rather than sea water, and/or more efficient production of the same products (for example, more easily separated from contaminants). The high salinity of SWBGU brine water may also be more effective than other water sources in preventing invasive biomass species from invading the BGU, as fewer plant species can grow in high salinity water.

As shown in FIG. 5, in an embodiment of the invention, the SWBGU may be used simultaneously with the WWTBGU and/or FWBGU, either using separate water sources, or the BGU water sources and/or system components may be partially or completely combined at some stage of the respective processes to form a growth module. brackish water biomass (BWBGU) where the integrated water biomass system uses a combination of brackish water from salt water and fresh water, and/or the BWBGU can receive brackish water input(s) (e.g. from a brackish water lagoon) and/or a mixture of water varying degrees of salinity from different sources, from external sources, and/or a mixture from the water outlets of a module, block or block element on site. Brackish outlet water from a combined biomass and water system can be used to dilute the optional desalination plant brine outlet using any brine outlet method. Optionally, if necessary, brackish water introduced into the plan from any source(s) and/or brackish water from the BWBGU outlet may be used as the source water for desalination.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, BWBGU can be implemented by using a combination of any fresh and salt water sources, optionally including waste water with any characteristics, salt water, brine water (for example, from a desalination plant), fresh water not from waste and/or other water sources. It may have a pooled system synergy that typically uses pooled water sources, but the resulting brackish water outlet may be released, for example, to a desalination plant using a brine outlet for dilution and/or may be reused in certain ways to be acceptable for cooling and/or other purposes, such as in a wastewater treatment system, taking into account salinity. The resulting vent, if unsuitable for other uses, may be released to the sea and/or disposed of by other means of salt water removal, with or without dilution.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, after desalination, the brine outlet of the desalination plant may be diluted to approximately the salinity of sea water using waste water, fresh water, salt water, and/or other water source(s). The combined water substrate can then be used in the BGM to grow the biomass. This embodiment of the invention can provide more usable water than using only

- 113 039936 sewage and/or other fresh water into the BGM, whereby the BGM water outlet can then be combined with the brine outlet to dilute it for discharge into the sea. BGM treatment of water with a salinity comparable to that of the ocean allows the use of biomass growing systems that have been developed on the market to operate using salt water, and if brine water is combined with wastewater, the mixture can provide a better source of nutrients than those found in salt water alone and results in better biomass growth and/or productivity as well as wastewater treatment.

Biomass growing units combined to meet different project goals: In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1, 4, 5, 6, 11 and/or other figures and/or in the description relating to combining plan components with a BGU, all BGUs described herein may be embodied in various combinations, in groups, in conjunction and/or in links (for example, Figure 5 depicts linked systems), and/or different orders of priority to achieve specific project goals. For example, to reduce all carbon dioxide and treat all wastewater available in the plan, in one embodiment of the invention, a WWTBGU can be built first to treat all available wastewater, and a SWBGU or FWBGU that does not use wastewater can be designed and built. to reduce any remaining CO2 in the event that the CO2 use _of the WWTBGU can be maximized to account for the wastewater supply, and the additional CO2 from the thermal plant remains unused. In this embodiment, the SWBGU or FWBGU without the use of wastewater can be scaled according to the remaining source of CO ₂ to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions at the site. In this example, instead of or in addition to WWTBGU and/or SWBGU or FWBGU without the use of wastewater, some other type(s) of BGU can also be used if it is considered more advantageous. For example, FWBGU may be used instead of WWTBGU where wastewater treatment may not be possible or may be required as a component of a particular project.

Drinking Water: In one embodiment of the invention, WWTP and/or WWTBGU with additional processing steps can be designed to produce drinking water in case of an emergency, or when the local community accepts it for consumption.

Solids/Deposit WWTP/WWTBGU/MFWBGU: In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24B, solids and/or sludge from WWTP, WWTBGU, MFWBGU, and/or other BGUs described herein can be processed in a gasification module (eg, CHG, anaerobic digestion) to produce biogas for power generation in a thermal plant. In one embodiment of the invention, all or part of the biomass from the BGM can also be processed in the gasification module, together with these solids, or separately, using the same gasification equipment, to produce biogas; and/or WWTP and/or WWTBGU solids can be introduced into WWTBGU for use in the biomass growing process; and/or any of these solids can be processed in the NTR system (either in the biomass NTR system described herein and/or separately) to obtain biofeedstock for energy production in a thermal plant, with the remaining residue treated with some either of the above methods; and/or the solids may be processed in another WTE and/or other energy and/or fuel technology (eg, pyrolysis, cellulosic ethanol and/or other WTE) for use in a thermal plant.

In an embodiment of the invention, optionally, the sludge formed in any of these systems and/or the portion remaining after treatment in the gasification module and/or other treatment described above can be used as created and/or composted and/or treated lime, carbon, ash from WTE processes, biomass from BGM, and/or other additives to produce soil improvers for agricultural purposes in a sludge treatment plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24B, 24C and 10, biogas produced by processing biomass in a gasification module (e.g. using CHG and/or anaerobic autoclaves), and optionally from a landfill used in any on-site process, can be used for energy production in a thermal plant. Biogas from the facilities of the gasification module, in order to prepare it for use as a fuel and/or for storage, can be subjected to processing, including drying, removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or other pollutants, blending with other fuels, condensing to a liquid state and/ or other methods known to those skilled in the art. Gasification module(s), such as CHG module(s), anaerobic autoclaves and/or apparatus for purifying, drying, condensing to a liquid state, treating, storing and/or heating gas and/or associated infrastructure, may optionally be shared BGM biomass, BGM sludge, and/or WWTP sludge and/or produced biogas and/or other biogas sources such as optional landfill and/or other optional natural gas sources such as natural gas imported from outside. Any technical means of thermal installations using gaseous fuels (for example, natural gas combustion turbines) and / or associated infrastructure

- 114 039936 may be shared by any or all of these systems and/or other combustible gas sources such as natural gas supplied from off site for use in a thermal plant.

Description of Anaerobic Autoclaves: In one embodiment of the invention, thermophilic digestion, mesophilic digestion, and/or another anaerobic digestion technique and/or a combination of several techniques can be used to treat sludge and/or biomass. Biogas obtained from anaerobic digestion can be used in fuel cells, turbines, internal combustion engines and/or other technical means suitable for this purpose. In one embodiment of the invention, anaerobic autoclaves can be heated to maintain the optimum temperature, or when the outside temperature can be less than 35°C. Anaerobic autoclave equipment may contain heat exchangers using hot water or other heat sources. Heat can be supplied by a thermal plant and/or from heat recovery and/or heated water discharge from the HPT process, other intensive biomass purification processes and/or other processes, for example in plan, from which heat can be recovered, such as FIG. 2 and/or using a heat source designed for the anaerobic autoclave system.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24D, pools, settling tanks and/or other facilities used in secondary WWTP may also be used in WWTBGU and/or may share infrastructure when working together or in the event of a switch of the WWTP system to WWTBGU, adaptation of primary pools, WWTP tanks and/ or other infrastructure for the subsequent WWTBGU and/or other implementation of the BGU depending on the needs of the scheme. In one embodiment, primary wastewater treatment infrastructure may also be included, including screens, clarifiers, flocculation facilities, settling facilities, and/or other suitable primary wastewater treatment facilities and/or tertiary wastewater treatment facilities. which may contain tertiary clarifiers, decontamination technologies such as UV and/or other suitable tertiary wastewater treatment technologies. For example, the UV treatment system can be shared between WWTBGU and WWTP, both of which can be used simultaneously or can be adapted for use in WWTBGU in case WWTBGU can be implemented to replace WWTP.

Electrical Equipment: In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24D, an electrical substation near the supply pumping equipment may be shared between WWTBGU and WWTP, or adapted to replace WWTP with WWTBGU. Sensors, computer controls, control modules, software, hardware, and/or other electrical systems can also be shared between these systems, adapted to each other, and can be combined with other modules, blocks, block elements, hardware and/or or other elements of the system and/or plan.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24D, an air/oxygen delivery system used for some purpose (e.g., the legacy system used in WWTP) can be adapted and/or converted to a carbon dioxide delivery system, e.g. to support photosynthetic WWTBGU, or an oxygen delivery system, or suitable for growing biomass in a BGU type that requires oxygen or air, or an oxygen, air and/or carbon dioxide delivery system to support a BGU with these requirements.

Construction: In one embodiment of the invention, a common construction process and structures such as pipelines can be used to reduce the required materials and costs for the installation of water supply lines for the transport of waste water, domestic effluent (partially or completely treated waste water), salt water (including brackish and brine water), potable water and other water supply lines for specific uses for various purposes in a system and/or plan, such as in FIG. 2 (e.g. high temperature fresh water containing biomass/water slurry, low temperature salt water, ambient temperature brackish water, warm fresh water, etc.) when different water supply lines can be used together to carry water in plan (e.g. when WWTBGU and a desalination plant can be used together, and the water supply lines for both systems can be installed in the same channel).

In one embodiment of the invention, numerous thermal plant technologies can be used separately or together to contain a thermal plant, from factories to portable power generation systems. There may be a number of options in thermal installations, including thermal power plants that can be used, for example, in terms of, a wide range of fuels that can be manufactured on site and / or exported or imported from outside (which can be determined individually for each project 115 039936 using the facility to use biomass fuels, some waste-to-energy technologies, NTR, cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol and/or other processes to produce a variety of fuels supplemented with fuel selected from off-site ( off-site fuel), depending on local availability and any needs and/or efficiencies that can be obtained by using and/or supplementing the plan with off-site fuel (for example, using off-site fuel to blend with on-site biofuel for better and /or different combustion characteristics, using using off-site fuels to generate additional power while reducing emissions, for example, using a plan using biomass created for the production of products, other applications described in this document and / or known to specialists in this field of technology). The facilities used to manufacture the fuel and/or fuel precursors may also contain thermal plant components such as pyrolysis facilities, cellulosic ethanol, and others, as disclosed herein.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, some type of thermal plant facility that may predate the implementation of the plan may be included in the plan as a thermal plant module or component, or thermal plant module facility (for example, a previously operating coal combustion plant may be retrofitted to the plan, and can become part of a thermal installation module that connects to the rest of the plan). In one embodiment of the invention, some other pre-existing component, tool, block, block element, element and/or module that can be upgraded to become a device, block, block element, element and/or module, and/ or a means of connection and/or communication between modules, blocks, block elements, facilities and/or other elements of the plan, or otherwise included in any element of the plan, can be upgraded and included in the plan (for example, a waste-to-energy system , WWTP, BGM, refinery, WWTP, waste treatment plant, recycling plant, solar-heated facilities, desalination plant, WWTP, water intake, water lines and/or any other facility of a module, block, block element and/ or another component of the system and/or plan).

In FIG. 10 in an embodiment of the invention shows how some types of fuel can be created, directed and used, for example, in a plan.

In one embodiment, the thermal plant may be designed to use any one or more different fuels, potentially including methane gas/natural gas/biomass biogas, ethanol (produced by biomass plants, purified from biomass, and/or from the processing of cellulosic ethanol ) other fuels that may be derived from algae and/or other biomass feedstocks (including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and/or other fuels), hydrogen gas, butanol and/or isobutanol from cellulose butanol and/or isobutanol, biofeedstocks from GTR processes such as HTL (both biomass and/or MSW derived), and/or possibly other biomass derived biofeedstocks, biooil, coal-like products (biochar) and/or other organic products from some WTE technologies that use waste (household, agricultural, construction, construction scrap, industrial, used oils and / or other waste), etc. other fuels that may be generated by some facility on the power generation site and/or various fuels also imported from off site, including possibly natural gas, light oil and/or other fuels. Any of these elements may be processed in any manner known to those skilled in the art, stored and/or used directly and/or blended with other fuels for use in whole or in part in a thermal plant. Any of these elements may be stored in any manner suitable for that purpose before being used for any purpose. Any of the precursors to any of the above fuels, such as biomass and/or waste of any kind, may be stored in any manner suitable to this goal. Each system, such as a plan, may use sensors and/or automated controls that take measurements and adjust systems as needed to change the inputs/outputs of any parameter that supports the operation of any system, such as a plan. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7A, 7B, 10, 11, 22 and/or 25, and/or any other figures and/or description relating to resources, heating and/or cooling and/or other aspects thermal plant, thermal plant hardware, type and/or fuel consumption, air flow and/or content, water selection, water flow and/or some other aspect of operation known to those skilled in the art, can be controlled by sensors and/or dynamic controls.

In one embodiment of the invention, these fuels can be used to generate power in conventional power generation processes such as combustion turbines (single cycle or combined cycle), liquid fuel plants, boilers and/or other power sources and/or other thermal plant systems of various types. types, including any WTE process.

Examples of a thermal plant or thermal plant hardware comprise conventional power generation systems, such as those using combustible fuels, nuclear power, and/or salt

- 116 039936 night radiation, as well as waste-to-energy (WTE) systems. These and/or other facilities that meet the definition of "thermal plant", such as industrial facilities that generate heat, such as cement plants, steel mills and glass factories, may serve as a thermal plant, or any combination of thermal plant technologies may be used in the same location or in different locations in the same site or in different sites, and may constitute a thermal installation.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24E and/or FIG. 24H, one or more of the connections, links and/or synergies described herein between a thermal plant and other processes, such as a plan, can be established using any number of different technical means that make up a thermal plant (for example, carbon dioxide can be supplied to the BGM either from the combustion turbine or from the municipal waste incinerator to generate energy, or from both facilities and/or any other facilities of the thermal plant that produce carbon dioxide, when these facilities can be used as thermal plant). In one embodiment of the invention, various technologies and/or fuel sources can be used, containing a thermal plant containing conventional power generation systems, waste-to-energy technologies and/or other thermal plant technologies that can be integrated to exchange infrastructure. and/or resources, such as fuel, heat, water, energy, emission control modules, sensors, computer systems, computer controls or modules, and/or other resources. Infrastructure sharing may include one or more electrical substations, transmission lines, other electrical infrastructure known to those skilled in the art, exhaust gas transport devices, risers, pollution control modules, pollution capture modules (e.g., FIG. 7A or 7B). ) and/or other emission control systems, carbon dioxide, methane, biogas, oxygen and/or other gas transmission lines and/or storage facilities, water, water/biomass slurries, biofuels, other fuels, chemical storage, water pipelines, chemicals and /or other materials, other means of transporting and/or storing liquids, cooling systems, heat exchangers and/or other components that can be shared between thermal installations. In some embodiments of the invention, fuels may be created/processed by one facility in a thermal plant and used to produce energy and/or heat using another facility of a thermal plant, for example, fuels may be created in a WTE facility, treated with the heat of a thermal plant, and burnt at the power plant, which is part of the thermal installation.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to extraction and/or heat transfer, a thermal plant can produce waste heat and/or primary process heat that can be recovered for desalination in a desalination plant, biomass processing, and/or other industrial uses. The heat can be used for desalination and/or to improve the desalination process, depending on the chosen desalination method.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, wastewater from the thermal plant (optionally after heat recovery) can be directed to WWTP and/or WWTBGU.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, various facilities, including conventional power plants and/or WTE systems in a thermal plant, can standby to each other to the extent appropriate to power generation goals, contingencies and/or marginal conditions. Fuels and/or waste may be stored in a manner known in the art to provide optimal power generation for the plan and/or grid over time (eg, daily and/or seasonal fluctuations in energy demand, fuel availability, standby capacity).

In one embodiment of the invention, WTE systems may share much of the same plan synergy as conventional power systems, however more synergy may also apply depending on the WTE system(s) used, some of which are generated from waste and/or or biomass fuels that can be used in other energy systems such as ethanol, butanol, isobutanol, biochar and/or biooil products.

In one embodiment of the invention, the combined modules and/or facilities may be combined by connecting a waste heat source to the modules and/or facilities.

Energy: In one embodiment of the invention, all or part of the energy needed for the plan can be provided by a thermal plant, and energy, fuel, or both can be taken off site.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, demineralized water from an optional desalination plant may be used during the combustion of light oil and/or other fuels to reduce combustion temperatures and/or generate NOx emissions from combustion turbines and/or other thermal systems. installation. In one embodiment, desalinated water from an optional desalination plant can be used for the relatively small volumes of water needed to cool MT inlet air, NOx injected water, and/or potable water, and/or for similar use in other thermal plant power generation systems.

In one embodiment of the invention, the thermal plant can produce unheated waste water, heated air, steam and/or mixture, heated waste water and/or, for example, FIG. 11, possibly a heated slurry of biomass and/or biofuel and water and/or separated HTR hot biofeedstock and/or biofuel and hot water from which heat can be recovered. Most of the water outlet from a thermal plant can be heated, and the heat can be used either for other processes, such as in FIG. 2, either in the discharged water or otherwise transferred to another substrate, for example in plan, using some technical means of heat transfer suitable for this purpose, for example in FIG. 12A-12E, 15-20 and/or in some other manner known to those skilled in the art, with the water used in these processes being disposed of, treated as needed, and reused, such as in FIG. 3.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to selection and/or heat transfer, and/or FIG. 3 and/or other figures and/or descriptions relating to the use and/or movement of water, cooling water from any source may be used to cool a thermal plant and then sent to an optional primary treatment (module 104 of FIG. 1), and then directly used as BGM feed water, mixed with another water source and used as BGM feed water, or simply used to transfer heat to BGM water or other process. In any of these and/or other methods disclosed herein, the temperature in BGMs, individual BGUs, block elements, components and/or other elements can be controlled directly or indirectly by means of water outflows from a thermal plant in combination, optionally , with other water sources. Gas and/or other fluid effluents from a thermal plant may also be used alone or in combination with other heat sources to control the temperature of the BGM and/or other plan components (e.g., FIGS. 7A, 7B, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, and /or 12E). If cooling is required, any of these heat sources can be used to generate, transfer and/or co-generate cooling, which can be supplied to the plan, for example in FIG. 2.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1 and/or 3, some, for example, most of the wastewater discharged from the thermal installation (after the use and/or recovery of heat) can be directed to primary treatment (module 104 of Fig. 1), and then to WWTP and/or WWTBGU. Some waste water from a thermal plant, depending on the levels of contamination, can be used to dilute the desalination plant's brine outlet without further treatment to reduce the environmental impact of the brine (eg outlet). The stormwater runoff can be directed to a stormwater basin or, if it contains oil, first passed through an oil/water separator and then sent to a stormwater basin. This wastewater may then be sent for primary treatment (to module 104 of FIG. 1) and then to WWTP and/or WWTBGU. Chemically treated wastewater and/or other chemically treated wastewater may be stored on site and tested and, if not hazardous, according to the knowledge of the specialist, may be sent to primary treatment (module 104 of Fig. 1) and then to WWTP and/or WWTBGU with other effluents, or directed to a flash basin if appropriate.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or FIG. 1, some other source(s) of wastewater, such as in a system or plan, may be directed to primary treatment (module 104 of FIG. 1) and then to WWTP and/or WWTBGU.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, the oil/water mixture(s) generated in the systems, for example in and/or outside the plan, can be separated. In one embodiment of the invention, the used oil may be sent to a thermal plant as a fuel for power generation. The thermal plant technology used for the waste oil may include a WTE incinerator, HTP, a plasma gasification plant, a drum incinerator, and/or other technologies.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, some solid, liquid and/or mixed wastes may be generated in a thermal plant, which may be considered hazardous waste. If this waste can be legally and rationally disposed of using waste recycling, a WTE municipal waste incinerator, a plasma plant, a drum incinerator, alternative thermal plant technology, an STD and/or a landfill, for example in a plan, any of the of these and/or other options suitable for this purpose.

Emissions: In one embodiment, biomass fuels (eg algae) typically burn in

- 118 039936 technical means of thermal installations are cleaner than oil fuels, and can reduce other harmful emissions, in addition to carbon dioxide, when the exhaust gases can be sent to

BGM as described, for example, in the plan.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 4 and/or 2, or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat, the system or plan may reduce the emission of carbon dioxide (for example, a conventional thermal combustion plant) and/or use CO ₂ to obtain additional energy from which - either source using BGM. This represents a very attractive synergy with off-site carbon dioxide producers. In one embodiment of the invention, for example, a local (possibly off-site) thermal plant (for example, a coal-fired power plant or an industrial plant) sends exhaust gases (for example, flue gases), optionally pre-treated, to a BGM, which can capture emissions to a large extent. This system can provide energy with near-total carbon capture (e.g. zero or low carbon emissions), reduce other emissions such as SOx, NOx, particulate matter and/or metals, and create biofuels from emissions in BGM for additional energy and/or for output. In one embodiment of the invention, examples of additional or alternative sources of energy production that can be used as technical means of thermal installations, for example in plan, as off-site thermal installations, or as additional non-thermal energy sources, include installations using coal, fuel oil, nuclear, solid fuels (e.g., petroleum coke, biomass and/or others), wind, solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, geothermal, hydroelectric, microhydro, combined heat and power and/or other systems suitable for this purpose. These additional systems may be connected to the system or plan to provide any combination of the following benefits and/or other benefits as outlined herein for thermal installations and/or for each individual project, including increased energy production; reduction of carbon dioxide and/or other emissions from these installations in the BGM; providing a source of cooling water from WWTBGU and/or WWTP; extraction of heat for use in NTR, desalination, heating of the BGM, BGU unit(s) and/or their components, and/or other heat applications on site, such as FIG. 2; and/or to reduce reserve stocks.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 24H and/or 24C, one or more fuel sources both on-site and off-site, can share the technical means of energy production in a thermal plant, reducing infrastructure costs (for example, biomass biofeedstock, WTE biofeedstock, NTR biofeedstock and/or other fuel sources sharing the technical means of the thermal plant). In one embodiment of the invention, thermal plant facilities, including WTE facilities and/or power generation facilities, may share carbon dioxide transport and/or distribution infrastructure, cooling water and/or heated water transport, heat utilization equipment , emission controllers (eg, exhaust gases may share the infrastructure shown in, for example, FIG. 7B or 7B) and/or all other infrastructure common to these facilities. Air Emissions Regulators: In one embodiment of the invention, the plan can set all modern air pollution control measures, if necessary, for the emissions generated.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 7A and/or 7B, exemplary schemes for pollution control and/or exhaust gas utilization for the plan may be described. In one embodiment of the invention, any other equivalent technique suitable for emission treatment purposes known to those skilled in the art, such as a plan, may be used. In an embodiment of the invention, biomass-based fuels (e.g., from algae systems) that are potentially used in BGM can have lower emissions than petroleum fuels under many combustion conditions, which reduces harmful emissions and reduces infrastructure and maintenance costs for some types of control systems. emissions in a thermal plant compared to conventional systems.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, the plan may include fuel heaters that may be fueled by natural gas and/or biogas and/or methane/other fuel blends from onsite sources and/or methane supplied from outside and/or may be heated using heat from a thermal plant, and/or heat recovered from other heat intensive processes, for example in the plan of FIG. 2, if necessary, to heat above the dew point of natural gas and/or other gaseous fuels, for example in plan.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3 and/or FIG. 24H, solar thermal facilities (e.g., solar concentrators) may be used in the plan to preheat seawater for desalination, BGM output for NTR, for power generation, and/or to introduce heat into the plan where needed (e.g., FIG. 3). If solar technology can be used, it can share steam

- 119 039936 turbines with those already in the thermal plant.

Examples of waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities that can be used as thermal plant facilities - general description:

WTE systems for purposes of this disclosure include systems that create fuels, fuel precursors, and/or energy in some form from waste, biomass, and/or some other material. In one embodiment, the WTE may use any method(s), optionally including incineration, chemical methods, biological methods, and/or thermal methods, either alone or in combination.

Most WTE systems operate in a similar way, using waste as fuel for incineration and/or other thermal processes for power generation. Differences that affect interactions, connections and/or links that provide greater efficiency with the plan (synergy) can mainly be related to whether waste or other materials can be directly burned (municipal incinerators and/or other methods of direct combustion). incineration), directly thermally decomposed anaerobically for energy (gasification, plasma gasification), or intermediate steps may be used to convert the waste to another fuel prior to incineration (e.g., pyrolysis-based methods, HTL, CHG, anaerobic digestion, cellulosic ethanol). Some different synergies with the plan, such as efficiency, can be created by systems using intermediate steps. There may be other technologies known to those skilled in the art that can also be used in a similar manner, so the plan, system and description includes and allows other systems that perform the same function(s) and/or other WTE technologies to be included. . The size of any particular project, other systems involving the local project, and/or project-specific priorities may influence the selection of WTE and/or other thermal plant technology for a given project. The reference system under consideration may be a municipal waste incinerator and the synergies with the plan for this system may be given below. Synergies for other WTE systems may be stated relative to those for the municipal waste incinerator.

In one embodiment of the invention, the technical connections, connections and/or synergies described herein for all thermal installations with a plan are also applicable to WTE systems, where applicable. Where the WTE system can produce heat that is not used for energy production, it can be taken with heat exchangers and/or other technical means and used, for example in a plan, such as in FIG. 2. Exhaust gases/carbon dioxide and other emissions can also be treated, for example in FIG. 7A and 7B, for optional use in BGM, such as as described herein for thermal installations, and/or using other technology known to those skilled in the art, as well as carbon dioxide and other emissions that can be reduced by BGM. in whole or in part, biomass can be obtained and carbon dioxide used, for example in a plan as shown in FIG. 4. The use of water (for example, Fig. 3), biomass (for example, Fig. 1, 10, 11, etc.), fuel (for example, Fig. 10), heat (for example, Fig. 2), carbon dioxide (for example, Fig. 4) and/or other resources or by-products, as described in the present invention for thermal installations in general, may also be applicable to WTE facilities, if necessary. The WTE energy may be used for plan power and/or output, along with energy from other facilities that may constitute a thermal plant. Additional synergies, connections and/or links of individual WTE facilities to the plan may be described below.

Examples of waste-to-energy (WTE) systems that may be included in thermal plant facilities include one or more of the following types:

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, a municipal waste incinerator (MSW) can incinerate waste from cities, industry, agriculture and/or other sources and produce energy. Thus, the MSW incineration plant reduces land use for landfills, greenhouse gas generation, and produces energy and heat, and thus can be built into the system and/or plan as a thermal plant or a thermal plant facility used as component of a thermal installation, optionally along with other technical means of thermal installations. That is, the thermal plant may comprise a municipal waste incinerator MSW. Other examples of WTE facility options that may be included in the plan may be described below. In one embodiment of the invention, the WTE facilities can be used to dispose of the waste and/or biomass generated by the facilities, e.g. in and/or beyond, in an environmentally sound manner, and/or to recover energy from the waste/biomass for power generation. . In one embodiment of the invention, for example 24 K, the end product of combustion or other WTE direct combustion technologies may be ash, which can be used to produce cement. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, oil from an optional stripper unit and/or used oil from all facilities and/or

- 120 039936 off-site sources can be incinerated in a drum incinerator, MSW municipal waste incinerator, alternative direct combustion devices, plasma gasification plant, WTE-based pyrolysis systems, and/or processed with an HTP module(s), e.g. in plan, for production energy and/or fuel for use in a thermal plant.

Plasma gasification plant (plasma): In one embodiment of the invention, thermal gasification to syngas can be a system used in a thermal plant. The syngas can be used for energy production and/or condensed into oils and/or waxes. A plasma plant may be similar to a municipal waste incinerator in producing energy from waste and/or other organic material, but may also accept more hazardous waste. The plasma installation also uses high temperatures. All cooling and/or heat recovery and/or plan synergies associated with a municipal waste incinerator are also applicable to a plasma gasification plant (see municipal waste incinerator above).

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, the drum incinerator may be part of a thermal plant, for example, the thermal plant includes a drum incinerator. The MSW Municipal Waste Incinerator may not be suitable for handling industrial waste, many of which will be classified as hazardous waste under US, European and/or other legislation. In an embodiment of the invention, an alternative for their treatment is a drum incinerator. The drum incinerator can be fed with liquid, solid, containerized and/or gaseous waste, optionally containing dust and/or acid gases.

Alternative waste-to-energy/biomass systems:

Current public sentiment may reject the use of municipal waste incinerators to convert waste into energy/biomass, for example, due to environmental considerations. In one embodiment, the plan includes using alternative technologies to replace the municipal waste incinerator or using them in combination and/or with each other to generate energy from organic material such as waste and/or biomass. In one embodiment of the invention, systems that perform these functions may be included in the plan as part of a thermal installation, optionally containing:

Direct combustion systems: Direct combustion systems with various schemes for MSW and/or agricultural/wood waste can be developed and used in place of waste incinerators (eg AgriPower, Inc., Turboden, Inc. systems). These systems may be advertised as being less expensive, more efficient, and more environmentally friendly than municipal waste incinerators. The synergy of these systems with the plan may be the same as described above for municipal waste incinerators.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, pyrolysis and/or other WTE technologies can generally replace waste disposal and/or incineration technologies because WTE technologies can generally be more efficient, environmentally friendly and more viable than municipal waste incinerators, in some applications. Typically, these technologies use less heat than municipal waste incinerators to anaerobically pyrolyze organic waste to produce combustible products such as oil and/or carbonaceous product. These products may then be incinerated in a thermal power plant and/or may be transported off site, eg off the system or plan. In one embodiment of the invention, the WTE includes two processes: first, lower temperature and/or anaerobic degradation theoretically leads to less harmful chemical reactions and, therefore, less harmful emissions when the products of the first process are subsequently burned. In one embodiment, more power per unit volume of MSW or biomass can be generated than municipal waste incinerators and other commercial solids, liquids and/or gases can be generated and/or recovered. In one embodiment of the invention, the thermal installation may contain these technical means, in whole or in part. Pyrolysis based processes can be similar in nature to hydrothermal treatment (HTP) such as HTL, a process used to instantly separate and purify biomass from biomass in water. The synergy of these systems, for example in terms of, can be the same as in the municipal waste incinerator described above, but in addition, coal, oil and / or other products generated in these processes can be burned in a thermal plant on site, to generate power for the plan and/or to be taken off site. Biomass, biofeedstock and/or other fuels derived from BGM can be burned in the second step of the process in a thermal plant, either in combination with pyrolysis fuels or separately.

Hydrothermal Treatment (HTP):

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 24B, STD includes a primary process for instantly separating biomass from water and converting biomass to biofeedstock and/or other

- 121 039936 fuel using a process that uses heat and possibly pressure. In one embodiment of the invention, the biofeedstock, which may be the product of liquid-based NTP processes such as HTL or RTP, may be burned directly, for example, in burners, high-powered engines, for example, in an engine that typically burns diesel fuel or heavier fuel, and/or other selected technical means of a thermal power generation plant, and/or can be further processed into many basic fuels that can be burned if they are more efficient than biofeedstock, given the additional costs of processing. In one embodiment of the invention, the NTR can convert other biomass and/or waste into biofeedstock. In one embodiment of the invention, the NTP may be used instead, in conjunction with other WTE technologies and/or as a full or partial replacement, for example in a plan. In this embodiment of the invention, the waste may be heated and possibly pressurized and the organic portion may be liquefied into the form of a biofeedstock (this process may be referred to as waste NTR). In one embodiment of the invention, the biofeedstock can be incinerated and/or further processed and then incinerated for energy production, depending on its properties. This may be an optional waste-to-energy system in the disclosed plan, including the optional inclusion of biomass streams, such as agricultural material, wood, and/or other organic materials, in one or more STD processes. The synergy plan includes the same benefits as described for the pyrolysis-based WTE systems described above, with the addition of the following. In an embodiment of the invention, the waste UTR infrastructure can be shared with the BGM biomass UTR infrastructure and/or other biomass UTR infrastructure (such as agricultural biomass, timber, energy crops, etc.) and the processes can be fully integrated or partially integrated in a manner disclosed herein, or known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2 or other description relating to heat generation and/or transfer, waste heat and/or primary process heat from thermal plant facilities can be used for waste NTR and/or other biomass UTR (e.g. wood and/or agricultural waste) such in the same manner as may be described herein for the treatment of NTR in a biomass/water slurry. In one embodiment of the invention, the fuel created, eg, in the plan, or through processes in the system, eg, in the plan, can be used in the on-site thermal plant to produce energy for the plan and/or transfer it off the site. In one embodiment of the invention, biomass, biofeedstock and/or other fuels derived from BGM and/or downstream processes may be combusted in a thermal plant, or in combination with fuels generated by waste NTR, other biomass NTR, other processes. WTE described in this document and/or separately, possibly using the same equipment.

Cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol:

In one embodiment of the invention, in FIG. 2 and/or 10 and/or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of fuel and/or heat, the system may include the production of cellulosic ethanol, butanol and/or isobutanol. In one embodiment of the invention, these fuels may be burned in situ to power the plan and/or to transfer energy off site, and/or the fuel may be removed off site. Cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol engineering can be used as a full or partial replacement for combustion in the production of fuel for combustion and/or for the production of sugars to feed biomass (eg algae). In one embodiment of the invention, other technologies that produce compounds used as fuels and/or as feedstock for biomass from cellulose and/or other organic materials, either now or in the future, can be used in the same way. In one embodiment of the invention, in FIG. 2 Waste heat and/or raw process heat can be used from a thermal plant in the pretreatment stage, in the pulp process, in the distillation process, and/or possibly in other heat-requiring steps in these processes. In an embodiment of the invention, intermediate fuels may be produced by cellulosic alcohol (eg, ethanol, butanol, and/or isobutanol) facilities, which may be burned in a thermal plant and/or removed off site. In one embodiment of the invention, the waste heat of a thermal plant can be used in the steps of this process and/or, as indicated in other cases, for all systems (see Fig. 2). Depending on the choice of technical means, these processes may also require water. The incoming water may be taken from any source(s), such as in plan, such as FIG. 3. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 4, carbon dioxide may be emitted during the production of cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol and/or as part of the operation of a thermal plant burning the resulting fuels. Thus, carbon dioxide can be collected and/or used in other aspects of the plan. This and other sources, and the use of carbon dioxide in terms of can be shown in Fig. 4 and disclosed herein. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, the fuel generated in these and/or other processes may be combined, in whole or in part, and burned in a thermal plant and/or burned separately.

- 122 039936 but in a thermal installation on the site for the production of energy for the plan, and / or removed from the site. In one embodiment of the invention, fuels generated by cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol technology and/or any other technology that converts biomass to biofuel can be combined with biomass, biofeedstock and/or other fuels derived from BGM, Waste NTR and/or other biomass NTR and/or downstream processing steps and/or can be combusted alone and/or in combination with other fuels derived from or incorporated into the plan.

In one embodiment of the invention, cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol and/or similar technologies can be used, for example, in terms of obtaining Sugars for heterotrophic and/or mixotrophic BGU. In this embodiment of the invention, the cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol technical means can only be carried out in the steps necessary for the breakdown of cellulose into sugars, and sugars can be used as feedstock for biomass (for example, algae), for example, module 636. In an embodiment of the invention , hydrolysis of supercritical water can be used as another process by which sugars can be obtained from biomass, and also used as a feedstock for any BGU in BGM. In one embodiment of the invention, in order to provide feedstock for the biomass in the BGM, similarly, any other technical means that can be used to convert cellulosic biomass to sugars can be used.

Other technical means of WTE:

In one embodiment of the invention, numerous other technologies can be used that can convert waste and/or biomass of any kind into fuels and/or energy, for example in a plan. The synergy of these systems with the plan may be similar to one or more of the types of technology described herein. Therefore, any technology is specifically claimed herein that can perform the same functions, optionally produce intermediate organic fuels, and that can be useful in a plan using the same or similar synergy with the plan.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 7A and/or FIG. 7B and/or FIG. 24H, exhaust gases from a thermal plant may be vented, in whole or in part, to the atmosphere and/or to exhaust gas recovery modules used to collect pollutants prior to introduction into the BGM, such as in FIG. 7A or 7B, and the pollution control techniques described herein and/or standard pollution control techniques known to those skilled in the art may be used to reduce harmful emissions. For example, a 2-way wet scrubber can be used to reduce NOx and/or other pollutants, such as in FIG. 22 to remove sulfur and/or chlorine compounds, the hot gases may be passed through a lime mud spray dryer and/or may be sent to a baghouse or bag filter or fabric filter to remove particles. To remove mercury and/or dioxins, activated carbon may be associated with and/or included in the baghouse. For the treatment of emissions in these systems, any technical means known in the field can be used, optionally including: activated carbon, hearth cokes, zeolites, lime, chlorine, nebulizers, sorbents, filtration, catalyst (s), photochemical methods , selective catalytic reduction, dry scrubber(s) and/or wet scrubber(s) (eg, spray column, tray column, packed bed column, and/or other types of wet scrubber).

In one embodiment of the invention, these and/or other anti-pollution agents may be used in all thermal installations, if necessary. These and/or other pollution control technologies can also be used for exhaust gas treatment, for example, in the pollution control module 705 or the pollution control module 713 of the exhaust gas disposal module 707, 709, such as FIG. 7A, 7B, and/or other means known in the art, either for use in a BGM, for another use, such as a plan, and/or for release. In one embodiment of the invention, thermal plant technologies may share infrastructure and/or treatment methods to control pollution by combining exhaust gases emitted by any combination of different thermal plant technologies, using piping and/or transfer technologies to water and/or other fluids such as chemicals, e.g. pipelines and/or conveying devices such as blowers/fans that transport gases into one combined conveyance designed for a sufficiently large flow volume of two streams combined with each other . In one embodiment of the invention, the combined exhaust gases for transportation can be processed, as described herein for single exhaust gas streams, through a riser or other transport device (for example, in Fig. 7A or 7B). In an embodiment of the invention, the exhaust gases and/or fluids from the exhaust gas recovery module in the described combined flow system can be sent to the BGM and/or for other uses, for example, in

- 123 039936 plan, for example in Fig. 7A and 7B, and any outlet to the environment can be disconnected from one large outlet section or riser or other combined transport device for combined exhaust gas streams in the same manner as, for example, in FIG. 7A and 7B. Combining exhaust gas streams can be selective based on emission and/or treatment requirements for different emission streams generated by various thermal plant technologies. In one embodiment of the invention, the various exhaust gas systems of a thermal plant may remain separate. In one embodiment of the invention, the various exhaust systems of a thermal facility may initially remain separate, or may predate the implementation of the plan, but may subsequently be combined to form integrated infrastructure systems. In an embodiment of the invention, any number of thermal plant facilities may share infrastructure and/or processes (for example, in Fig. 7A or 7B) as follows: pollution control modules 704, heat recovery modules 710, and/or modules 712 to capture contaminants and/or processes that follow those processes (eg, release or introduction into a BGM or other heat and/or CO ₂ storage, and/or use, for example, in plan 718), such as in FIG. 7A or 7B. Only selected processes can share the infrastructure appropriate for the application.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, an indirect stripper/condenser system may also be used and/or added to other facilities as part of a thermal plant. The indirect stripper/condenser may be configured to process organic waste products, evaporation/distillation/azeotropic distillation of organic compounds therein, or obtain them by heating and/or condensing organic compounds to restore their fuel value. An example of feed streams may be API separator sludge from refining operations and/or from oiled soils. In one embodiment, the system may receive these wastes from external and/or on-site sources, during routine and/or emergency situations, such as in the event of an oil spill. The recovered fuel can be used to generate energy in a thermal plant.

In one embodiment of the invention, one or more of these technical means or modules can be combined with each other in a common building or shelter; or the hardware or modules can be combined in separate buildings or shelters, and/or then connected.

Desalination, desalination plant (DESALINATION PLANT, DP)

In one embodiment of the invention, a seawater abstraction system capable of supplying water demand with minimal impact on the marine environment can be implemented using a desalination plant (DP) to provide a source of water for the production of potable water, cooling water, fire water supply, etc. n Water can be treated to produce desalinated water and release brine (with high salinity). Examples of types of technology that can be used alone or in combination as a DP can be as follows: filtration-based processes, including, for example, reverse osmosis, reverse electrodialysis, and/or other membrane technology; and distillation-based processes, including multi-stage evaporation distillation, multi-stage distillation, steam stripping with vapor compression, and/or other techniques that use evaporation to produce desalinated water.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2 and/or other description relating to heat recovery and/or transfer processes, filtration-based desalination plant processes, and/or distillation-based processes, in both cases, waste heat and/or primary process heat from heat recovery can be used. installation. In one embodiment of the invention, filtration-based processes may use heat to increase the efficiency of the filtration process, for example, in any manner known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment of the invention, distillation-based processes may use heat to distill water and/or to preheat water to reduce the need for heat in the distillation plant.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2 and/or 24K, the waste heat can be used to generate electricity for electrolysis, for example, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) can be synthesized from a DP brine outlet using brine electrolysis. Bleach may be used throughout the plan for disinfection, cleaning and/or other purposes and/or removed off site. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 24K and/or 10, brine electrolysis produces hydrogen gas. The hydrogen can be used in a fuel cell to generate electricity and/or returned to a thermal plant for combustion.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3 and/or 24K, sea salt can be produced from a DP brine outlet and sold off site. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, the demineralized water DP may be supplied for use in a thermal plant, where necessary, in any system of the thermal plant (eg, gas turbines, if used, and/or other power systems). In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, desalinated DP water (with added minerals) can be supplied for use, if necessary, in a thermal plant (for example, gas turbines and other power systems).

Intake/salt water:

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3 and/or 24A, the DP may share an intake with the SWBGU, a seawater cooling source for a thermal plant (if required), or any of these salt water modules/units may have separate intakes.

Any of these module/source intakes, if separated, or a combination intake if combined, may share some piping and/or other equipment with a wastewater treatment plant, BGM, and/or brine outlet discharge. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, the water intake(s) shown as fresh water source 302 and/or water (salt water) intake 314 may provide a cooling source for some process, such as in a plan in which water from an intake from the sea, especially a deep water intake , which in many climates can be significantly cooler than the ambient land temperature and can provide cooling, or from some type of intake with warmer water can provide heating. In an embodiment of the invention, salt water intake water can be used as source water for SWBGU and/or BWBGU in hot climates for temperature control. In one embodiment of the invention, salt water from the intake may be used to provide cooling, either alone or in combination with other water sources, to fill basins and/or other structures surrounding any BGU or BGU component, to provide cooling and/or temperature changes, especially in hot environments. In one embodiment, after being used in this way and/or for other purposes for refrigeration, decorative use, and/or use in any other way described for heat transfer and/or cooling, including possibly transferring heat from a thermal installation to a plan , the water can then be sent to the DP for desalination and/or other processes where warmer water may be beneficial. In this way, water and/or cooling can be provided where needed in the plan (see FIGS. 2 and 3) and processes, and the temperature of the salt water can be increased, thereby reducing the energy demand in the desalination process and /or other processes, such as plan, where warmer water may be beneficial. In an embodiment of the invention, hot or warm water can also be used in prioritizing applications, allowing for tiered heat utilization in many systems as the water cools. For example, water mixed with a suspension of water and biomass can be heated to approximately 350°C, separated from biomass, biofeeds and/or biofuels, then sent to a heat exchanger to heat salt water used for desalination, and then used, possibly more at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature, as a heated source water for BGM. Thus, the use of water and/or the use of heat may be prioritized in terms of obtaining unexpected new efficiency in the use of water, heat and/or cooling (eg Fig. 2 and 3).

Additional technical means that can provide desalinated water:

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 and/or 3, salt water treated by NTR and/or other heating method, for example in terms of (heated water), can be used to obtain desalinated water after heating, which can be done by depressurizing the heated water, so that vapor may be generated, which is released from the solution (eg, using valves and/or other technical means known to those skilled in the art), separated from the solution and condensed as desalinated water. Thus, water in solution that has been heated can be desalinated by distillation. Alternatively, the heat may be directed to the desalination plant, preferably still after heating from the NTR, for standard desalination processes, for example, as described herein.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1 and/or 3, desalinated water can be obtained through various processes known in the art by treating water with BGM and subsequent BGM effluent treatment steps in a plan.

Rational use of water:

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, recycled water from BGM and/or WWTP can be used for landscape irrigation, firefighting, water features, fountains, lakes, industrial cooling (including thermal plant cooling) and/or cleaning processes, such as in plan, as opposed to using desalinated water DP. This can significantly reduce the required amount of desalinated water and therefore the energy requirement, for example in terms of. This will require only additional pipelines. In an embodiment, such as in FIG. 3, optionally salt water or salt water mixed with reclaimed wastewater and/or other source of water from BGM, WWTP and/or other source may be used for: water cooling, firefighting water supply, water features, fountains, lakes and/or other purposes to keep BGM and/or WWTP reclaimed water and/or DP desalinated water eg in plan. When used as cooling water, salt water can be used to cool the thermal plant and/or other heat sources directly and/or indirectly (by heat exchange) and then sent to the DP for desalination. This can save energy in the DP as higher temperature water may be easier to desalinate according to #1 above. The treatment of any source of water can be performed either before or after its use in the thermal plant and/or any other modules and/or processes, for example in plan, in accordance with the technical means known in the art.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, some salt water bioreactors and/or other bioreactors can produce desalinated water, optionally mixed with the biofuel by evaporation, and optionally after separation from the biofuel, the water can be potable. In one embodiment, the SWBGU, BWBGU, or other BGU may produce desalinated drinking water either in place of the desalination facility or in addition to the desalination facility, such as in plan. The brine obtained in such a system can be considered as described in this document for other technical means of desalination.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, if necessary, for a reverse osmosis desalination process, a Clean In Place (CIP) cycle can be used to clean the DP membrane (only for filtration based processes). In an embodiment of the invention, waste from this process may be disposed of in the WWTP and/or BGM.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 23, standard energy recovery technologies known to the person skilled in the art can be used to recover the power consumption of a DP high pressure pump (for desalination filtration technology), and the recovered pressure can be used for additional desalination pressure to pressurize the slurry biomass/water coming from the BGM to collect/separate HPS and/or other biomass treatment and/or other uses, eg in plan, eg in FIG. 23.

As shown in FIG. 23, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 2300 configured to use and restore pressure, said pressure 2302 being generated and/or restored from: a desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create the movement of substances of any kind in the module 2314 of the plan by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; module 2312 refiner; module 2312 BRR; and/or a power generation module 2310, the system including: taking fluid pressure from a desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create the movement of substances of any kind in the module 2314 of the plan by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; refiner module 2312; module 2312 BRR; and/or a power generation module 2310, and directing a portion of this fluid pressure to another desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create the movement of substances of any kind in the module 2314 of the plan by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; refiner module 2312; module 2312 BRR; and/or a power generation module 2310. An embodiment of the invention includes a system in which pressure regenerated 2302 from: a desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create the movement of substances of any kind in the module 2314 of the plan by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; module 2312 refiner; module 2312 BRR; and/or power generation module 2310, 2302 may be supplied to: desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create movement of substances of any kind in the plan module 2314 by rotating a turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing a pump, and/or directing a pressurized substance into a transport device; refiner module 2312; module 2312 BRR; and/or a power generation module 2310.

As shown in Table. 4, the system is designed to use and restore pressure, while the specified pressure is created and / or restored from

- 126 039936 desalination module;

a module for thermal processes and / or processes under pressure of a thermal installation;

WWRR module;

module(s) or processes of STD;

pressure created to create the movement of substances of any kind due to the rotation of the turbine;

creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing a pressurized substance into a transport device;

refining unit module; a BPP module and/or a power generation module, the system including taking fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h.

Thus, in table. 4 shows a combination that may be an implementation of the system.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 23, standard energy recovery technologies known to the person skilled in the art can be used to recover the power consumption of a DP high pressure pump (for desalination filtration technology), and the recovered pressure can be used for additional desalination pressure to pressurize the biomass slurry /water coming from the BGM for the collection/separation of HPS and/or other biomass treatment and/or other uses in the plan, for example in FIG. 23.

As shown in FIG. 23, an embodiment of the invention includes a method of utilizing and restoring pressure, said pressure 2302 being generated by and/or recovered from: a desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create the movement of substances of any kind in the module 2314 of the plan by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; module 2312 refiner; module 2312 BRR; and/or a power generation module 2310, the method comprising taking fluid pressure from a desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create the movement of substances of any kind in the module 2314 of the plan by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; refiner module 2312; module 2312 BRR; and/or a power generation module 2310, and directing a portion of this fluid pressure to another desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create the movement of substances of any kind in the module 2314 of the plan by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; refiner module 2312; module 2312 BRR; and/or a power generation module 2310. An embodiment of the invention includes a process in which repressurized 2302 from: a desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create the movement of substances of any kind in the module 2314 of the plan by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; module 2312 refiner; module 2312 BRR; and/or power generation module 2310, 2302 may be supplied to: desalination module 2304; module 2306 thermal processes and/or processes under pressure thermal installation; module 2308 WWRR; module(s) or processes 2316 HTP; pressure generated to create movement of substances of any kind in the plan module 2314 by rotating a turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing a pump, and/or directing a pressurized substance into a transport device; refiner module 2312; module 2312 BRR; and/or a power generation module 2310.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 4, the output of reverse osmosis water remineralization can be done using CO ₂ supplementation with dolomite limestone and sodium carbonate, or if possible, CO2 can be added from the treated flue gases of the thermal plant, other CO2 source(s), such as in plan , and/or with the help of other technical means.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, treated wastewater from WWTP and/or BGM can be used to dilute the DP brine outlet to reduce or eliminate environmental impact. If a deep water brine outlet diffuser can be used, salinity up to 5% above natural salinity can generally be considered acceptable. However, in an embodiment, when diluted with fresh water, the salinity can be reduced in the pipe according to natural salinity or acceptable salinity and released

- 127 039936 close to shore, instead of being released to sea, which eliminates the significant infrastructure costs associated with deep sea release. Typical ocean water salinity can be between 3% and 5%, and a typical reverse osmosis desalination plant's retention factor (brine recovery rate as a percentage of initial withdrawal volume) can typically be around 50%. In an embodiment of the invention, the following formula may be used to calculate the amount of dilution required to restore the brine outlet to a given salinity:

SBVB + SDVD = ST ^(V B + VD) where S _B = brine salinity,

VB= brine volume,

SD = diluent salinity,

VD = diluent volume,

ST = target salinity.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, an example of dilution of BGM and/or WWTP can be used as follows: Assuming that WWBGU, FWBGU or WWTP can be sources with a salinity of 0.5%, assuming that the salinity of the ocean is 4.5%, and assuming a desalination retention factor of 50%, for a near-surface release, using the above formula, the brine should be diluted with approximately 1.125 liters of BGU or WWTP release water per liter of brine water to achieve basic salinity. For deep water release, to achieve a level 5% above the base salinity, the recommended release salinity level, the brine should be diluted with approximately 1.012 liters of BGU and/or WWTP release water per liter of brine release water. The brine outlet may also be diluted with salt water from either BGU seawater or BGU brackish water and/or another salt water source and/or other water source, such as a plan. In an embodiment of the invention, any water source(s), such as in plan, in combination with or without a BGU and/or WWTP outlet (FIG. 3), can be used to achieve the desired salinity of the desalination plant brine outlet. In one embodiment, the source(s) of water used for dilution may be strategically selected and/or pooled such that water most valuable to the plan and/or community can be conserved to the maximum extent and water of lesser value can be used for dilution (e.g. treated wastewater, brackish water). In one or more embodiments of the invention, where there may be a number of possible dilution sources, in order to calculate the volumes of each diluent water source that can be combined to achieve a given salinity, the above formula can be converted as follows:

SBVB (SD1VD1 SD2VD2 ⁺ SD3VD3 · · ^e) = ST ^(V B ⁺ VD1+ ^V D2 ^{+ V} D3 ···) ^where the numbers represent the different sources of dilution water. In the same way, as many sources as are available can be added (marked above with ...). In one embodiment of the invention, the disclosed plan provides new means and methods for planning and/or pooling water resources strategically, using this formula, and strategically selecting water sources to achieve a total target salinity as discussed above. This process and/or method can be used to dilute the brine to the same or similar salinity as the natural salinity for a coastal release, or an acceptable salinity for a deep sea release, or possibly some salinity in between for a sea release between these two distances. In one embodiment of the invention, if the brine may be heated due to desalination treatment and/or for another reason, after optional heat recovery in the plan, if the brine temperature may affect the local environment or be regulated by law, dilution strategies may also include calculations and/ or selecting diluent feed water to control the heating of the brine outlet to appropriate levels. As may be known to one of skill in the art, mathematical and/or physical modeling and/or other studies may be required to determine actual numbers based on release pattern, local conditions, and/or other considerations.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat, heat can be transferred to the DP from heated water, biofeeds and/or biofuels, which are obtained from NTR and/or other processing methods used to process biofuels, biomass and/or suspensions of biomass/water using heat exchangers and/or other technical means, and/or from some other heat source(s) in the plan, for example in FIG. 2. In this way, it is possible to successfully raise the temperature of the feed water to desalination.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2 and/or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat; and/or in FIG. 3, the salt water BGU can use the salt water to produce biomass at first, and then the water output can be sent wholly or partly to the DP for the desalination process after the separation of the biomass from the water (possibly using HTR, other separation/purification methods currently known). biomass, and/or methods that may be developed in the future). The action of biomass on salt water may remove organic materials, nutrients, and/or some minerals, which may result in a more efficient desalination process than conventional salt water. Also, the salt water from an HTR or similar process (if used) can be heated, and this heat can increase the efficiency of the desalination process.

DP brine removal technology

Discharge of saline into the sea - release into the sea or other body of water:

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2 and/or FIG. 3 and/or in another description related to heat generation and/or transfer and/or water transfer, the DP brine outlet to the sea, and/or other methods, can be diluted if necessary by the water outlet of the BGM and/ or WWTP for salinity reduction to reduce or eliminate environmental damage due to high salinity and/or high brine temperature. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24A, a DP brine outlet reset may be used by some piping and/or other equipment in conjunction with a WWTP/BGM vent, and/or the same piping and/or vent may be used. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, the brine can be released to land using zero liquid release. In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, the brine may be released underground and/or in other manner known to the person skilled in the art.

Waste recycling/treatment plant

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10 and/or FIG. 3, a recycling/reuse facility may optionally be added as part of the plan to sort the waste stream (e.g., household sanitation waste, construction waste, agricultural waste, and/or other biomass such as wood waste) for disposal, landfill , and/or use to provide raw materials for WTE and/or other technical means in a thermal plant for power generation. In general, construction waste and/or construction scrap and municipal sanitary waste (MSW) can be collected and treated separately. Construction waste and/or construction scrap can be handled by powerful outdoor equipment, allowing for large storage areas for materials. This can be done remotely from the site, or in a large building, or in an open area that can be combined. In one embodiment of the invention, the circuitry of the waste treatment/disposal device may provide drainage and use/treatment of liquids. Waste oils from the waste stream can be processed in a thermal plant for energy production. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, wastewater may be directed to WWTP and/or WWTBGU.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3, wastewater from all modules on site and optionally from external sources may be directed to WWTP and/or WWTBGU.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10, landfills can be used to contain waste that cannot be disposed of and/or ash from a thermal plant if it is not used in cement production. In one embodiment, landfills may be used in addition to the WTE facilities used in the thermal plant to provide storage space for WTE ash and/or excess waste, temporary storage for waste to be used in the WTE system(s). , and/or in certain implementations may also be used as a replacement for the WTE system(s). In one embodiment, landfill gas (landfill gas), which typically contains 50% methane and 50% carbon dioxide, can be successfully used to power a thermal plant. In one embodiment, landfill gases may share the energy production facilities used to burn methane and/or biogas with other possible systems, such as those in the plan that produce and/or combust gaseous fuels, such as a gasification module (e.g. , CHG, anaerobic digestion) used for biomass and/or sludge and gas combustion power generators. In one embodiment, the CO ₂ generated at the landfill can be directed to the BGM and/or other processes requiring CO 2 , such as in plan (eg, FIG. 4), either before or after the combustion of methane in a thermal plant. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 4, the carbon dioxide transport and storage infrastructure can be used in conjunction with other systems described herein that generate CO ₂ . In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 3 and/or 10, the optional landfill may be lined with a liner system, possibly made of high density polyethylene, capable of containing leachate from waste materials. A leachate collection system may be installed to remove leachate from the facility for temporary storage and subsequent treatment at a water treatment facility. In one embodiment, the landfill leachate may be sent to a WWTP, BGM, and/or oil separation and used to generate power in a WTE drum incinerator, plasma gasification plant, and/or other WTE facilities.

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Bottling and packaging plant (WWRR)

In one embodiment, for example, FIG. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11 and/or 14, a water bottling/biomass product bottling/packaging (BBPP) plant can optionally be added as part of the plan. In one embodiment, any one or more of the components within the WWPP may be used (eg, only water bottling, only biomass bottling, and/or only other biomass packaging). Water bottling lines can be used for bottled treated drinking water produced from DP. In one embodiment of the invention, bottling water can produce sparkling water, optionally using any source of carbon dioxide in the plan (eg, FIG. 4). In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11 and/or 14, desalinated water used for bottling water may require additional disinfection prior to bottling. Heat from a thermal plant and/or some other source(s), for example in plan (see FIG. 2), can be used for this purpose and/or for other purposes in WWRR. WWRR can provide drinking water for daily per capita consumption, emergency storage and/or production for export as needed. In one embodiment, WWPP may also package liquid and/or solid products derived from biomass. It can produce carbonated water and/or biomass products using carbon dioxide from any source in the plan, such as in FIG. 4. It may have a separate area from the water bottling area for the packaging of bio-feedstock and/or other biofuels. Packaging may include bottling, cask filling, canning, cutting, granulating, crating, containerizing, compressing, sealing and introducing into tanks, and/or other means of preparing products for storage, display and/or sale.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11 and/or 14, WWPP may have a storage space for storing these products before shipping off site and/or use, for example in a plan. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11 and/or 14, locally produced biomass products, most notably liquid and/or solid biomass products, may also be bottled/quick packaged upon receipt, and/or otherwise stored in WWRR. In one embodiment of the invention, to maintain freshness, the biomass products may be chilled using cogeneration refrigeration from a thermal plant or other sources, before and/or after packaging. Rapid packaging and refrigeration (such as refrigeration) when needed can quickly keep deli products in place and prepare them for the market in the most profitable way.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 1, some or all of the WWPP equipment for disinfecting desalinated water prior to bottling can be used in conjunction with WWTP and/or WWTBGU, such as a disinfection treatment (eg UV treatment). Some or all of the WWPP equipment for disinfecting desalinated water prior to bottling may be used in conjunction with WWTP and/or WWTBGU, such as a disinfection treatment (eg UV treatment). In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat, WWPP can use heat from any source, such as in the plan, for disinfection and some other process requiring heat. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10 and/or FIG. 24K, blowing, washing, filling and capping bottles can be combined into one integrated system. Integrated systems reduce bacteriological load (disinfection), reduce production costs, reduce line footprint, reduce bottle costs and increase line efficiency. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 10 and/or 24K, plastic from a waste collection/recycling area and/or any recycling area can be reused. The end product of recycled plastic will be cleaned, sanitized and shredded plastic material. This material can then be used in the WWRR bottle making process. In one embodiment, packaging materials for WWPP and/or other modules, such as a plan, such as a refiner, may also come from the waste recycling/reuse facility described herein, including possibly plastic, cardboard, and wooden pallets. . In one embodiment, such as a plan, a bottling plant may be included in the WWPP module to allow direct use of recycled PET and/or other materials to make plastic bottles. In one embodiment, this type of plant may be combined with a waste recycling/reuse plant. The end product of recycled plastic will be cleaned, sanitized and shredded plastic material. This material can then be used in the WWRR bottle making process. In one embodiment, WWPP packaging materials may also come from the waste recycling/reuse facility described herein, including possibly plastic, glass, cardboard, wood pallets, and/or other recycled materials. In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 2, or in another description relating to the production and/or transfer of heat, waste heat from a thermal plant and/or heat recovered from other sources, for example in a plan (for example in Fig. 2), can be used for creating refrigeration such as air conditioning and/or refrigeration for cooling buildings and/or for refrigeration of biomass products, for BGM cooling if advantageous, and for other purposes.

Biofuel Research Center

A Biofuel Research Center (BRC) may be added to the plan to ensure continuous research and development at all stages of biomass and biomass fuel production systems, including BGMs and any BGUs, and testing to improve biomass yield, fuel yield, biomass processing facilities , to reduce costs, and to make all processes more environmentally friendly. BRC can also develop and implement methods to produce a wide range of non-fuel biomass products for on-site use and/or for export. BRC may also work to develop, implement and improve WTE processes and/or other processes that produce fuel. Because the BRC can be hosted on site, biomass and/or other testing studies may benefit from the ability to conduct in-process testing and/or manage infrastructure and share the infrastructure required on site at no additional cost, except for infrastructure that may , should be used for closed research systems (for example, to test new types of biomass without mixing with biomass in BGU).

refinery

In one embodiment of the invention, the refinery can be used, for example in terms of, to perform any process associated with the processing of biomass, water, fuel precursors, gases and/or fuels of any type from one state to another, a more useful or usable state. The systems used in a refiner for the purposes of this disclosure will not be limited to an oil refiner, but the systems and/or methods required for the plan may be used in the refiner. For example, the refinery may use any technical means(s) required to separate water, biomass, biofeeds and/or biofuels. It can further distill biofeedstocks and/or biofuels into cleaner components, specific ranges of carbon molecular weights, volatility, or other means. It may perform all the usual functions of an oil refinery, adapted as necessary for the purification of biomass, and/or may use processing facilities more typical of various types of biofuels and/or other facilities. The refiner may contain some type of HTR modules. It can use HTP modules to perform NTP for instant biomass/water slurry treatment such as HTL, HTS with or without IST, and/or RTP. It may contain a module for catalytic hydrothermal gasification. It may contain modules for the purification of biofeeds or biochar, which may be obtained from other processes, for example in terms of, for example, based on pyrolysis and/or other WTE processes that create fuel. It may contain modules for cleaning the output of cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol systems. It can treat the residue from anaerobic digestion, for example by means of HTR. It may include methods for drying, purifying and/or treating gaseous fuels such as biogas, natural gas, methane and/or hydrogen. It may use pyrolysis, microemulsion, transesterification, thermal depolymerization, bacterial treatment, and/or other methods. The refining plant may include a number of different ways to handle any refining needs of any system, such as a plan. These methods may be known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here. In one embodiment of the invention, any of these modules and/or systems included in the refinery can be used not only for BGM biomass, but also for some other source of biomass, such as agricultural waste, wood, municipal waste, energy crops and/or other sources of biomass. In one embodiment of the invention, the treatment of these other biomass sources may be performed in combination with various means for treating BGM fluid effluent, fuel generated directly in the BGM, and/or separately. In one embodiment of the invention, the technical means selected for purification in any embodiment of the invention may vary depending on the objectives of the project (for example, what type (s) of biomass can be used, what type (s) of fuel can be most useful, and other project-specific considerations), so any technique or other means suitable for this purpose may be used in the disclosed plan, including methods such as those described herein and/or any other accessible to the ordinary person in the field of purification and/or processing of biomass. In one embodiment of the invention, the heat and/or cooling required in the refiner may be provided by the thermal plant and/or other sources, for example in plan, such as in FIG. 2 and/or separate sources in the refiner. In an embodiment of the invention, the heat and/or cooling used in the refinery can be recovered and reused, for example in a plan. In one embodiment, all solvents used in the refiner may be recycled and reused to the extent possible, or may be used as fuel in some thermal facility facility. In one embodiment, the refiner may have bottling/drumming and storage functions for packaging and storing biofeedstock and/or biofuels on site and/or for offsite transport. In one embodiment of the invention, it may also have pumps and pipelines for supplying these and/or other fuels to and/or outside the thermal plant. In one embodiment of the invention, it may have sources of chemical additives (for example, to stabilize the fuel and/or to change its combustion characteristics) and/or fuels from outside, for example, petroleum fuels, which can be stored and/or fed into pipelines, which can be combined with biofeedstock and/or biofuels prior to packaging, storage and/or shipment from the refinery as described above. In one embodiment of the invention, any residues or other refinery effluents may optionally be treated in the BPP.

Biomass Processing Plant (BPP)

In one embodiment of the invention, for example in FIG. 1-4, 6, 10-12 and/or 14-19, in addition to or instead of said refiner, a biomass processing plant (BPP) may be included to process biomass obtained from BGM and/or other systems in certain embodiments of the invention. In various embodiments of the invention, the BPP may be represented in FIG. 1-4, 6, 10-12 and/or 14-19 as a module, for example in plan, for BPP or BPP (downstream processing) biomass. In some figures, this module may be shown together with the refiner as a refiner and/or a BPP, so in an embodiment of the invention, either or both of these may be selected in the embodiment of the plan, and they may be either separate units or may be combined or combined into one installation. In an embodiment of the invention, a possible configuration containing a plurality of optional components for BPP may be shown in FIG. 14 and/or additional possible configurations may be shown in FIG. 3-9 in US Pat. No. US 20090197322 A1. These figures may be included in U.S. Provisional Application No. 62173905, filed June 10, 2015, Appendix 2, also incorporated herein by and by reference. In one embodiment of the invention, any system or method for separating and/or processing biomass can be used in the BPP. In one embodiment, the BPP may focus more on the use of biomass for the production of non-fuel products, and the refinery may focus more on the production of fuel, however, each may produce both products and/or fuel. Any methods suitable for the separation/extraction/purification of biomass may be used in BPP, including thermal, chemical, biological and/or mechanical means and/or other means suitable for this purpose, including methods, for example, as described herein. document, and/or any other available to a person skilled in the art. Collection methods such as flocculation, flotation, settling, expansion, screw compression, extraction, extraction, cavitation, nanotechnology, bacterial extraction and/or other bacterial treatment, catalytic methods and/or other methods known to the skilled person may be used in RPP. in this area, for example, Shelef, et al., 1984 and Pandey et al., 2013 pp. 85-110. BPP can be used to produce many products besides biomass fuels. Some examples of biomass products can be bioplastics, adhesives, paints, dyes, pigments, nanocellulose, fertilizers and other soil improvers, animal feed, glycerin, dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food ingredients, fine chemicals (e.g. , industrial enzymes, esters, resins), oxygen, and many other possible products for on-site use and/or withdrawal as known to those skilled in the art, according to Pandey et al., 2013 pp. 205-233. All types of fuel can also be produced. In one embodiment, any resulting fuel may be sent to a refinery for further processing, on-site use, and/or off-site disposal, such as in FIG. 10. In an embodiment of the invention, residual biomass and/or biomass that has been extracted or otherwise processed may be sent to a BGM for reuse in biomass cultivation and/or to a refinery for processing into fuels and/or other products (see Fig. 14).

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 14, non-fuel products derived from wastewater-grown biomass, such as WWTBGU containing parts or residue thereof, can also be obtained after processing by NTR, anaerobic digestion and/or any other method known to a person skilled in the art. fields, including animal feed, fish food, soil improvers, biopolymers, bioplastics, paints, dyes, pigments, lubricants and/or other products. In one embodiment, the implementation of some products can be obtained by mixing the specified biomass, parts of the biomass and/or residues with other materials.

Plant 1400 for processing biomass contains the supply 1402, 1405 biomass and water supplied to the separation plant 1404. Biomass 1403 can be sent to an optional unit

- 132 039936

1408 cell destruction, and water 1406 can be reused (for example, see Fig. 3) and/or released. Biomass 1417A can be transferred to the drying unit 1410; and/or biomass 1417B can be transferred to one or more mixing modules 1420 that receive solvent 1421. Mixing modules 1420 can also or optionally receive a mixture of solvent and biomass 1416, 1441 in the same or separate mixing modules. Solvent and biomass may be transferred from blending module 1420 to separation module 1422. Residual biomass 1426 may optionally be sent to BGM 21A and/or module 1428 and refined to biofuel 1434. Use of biofuel 1000, such as in FIG. 10 may be one of the starting points for providing a subsequent product.

Solvent may be recaptured in vaporizer block 1424 by conversion to vapor 1436, whereby it may be condensed in block 1438. Cooling of block 1438 may be from cooling 1451 of module 1439 (cooling is optional, from FIG. 2). Regenerated solvent 1440 may then be transferred back to mixing module 1420 or BGM 212. BGM 212, BGM 212A, and/or BGM 212B may be the same or different BGMs.

Another recovered solvent 1437 from the evaporation module 1424 can be reused in the mixing module 1420 and/or BGM 212B. Exhaust air 1425 may be removed by vacuum unit 1427 and transferred 1447 to an optional odor control unit 1300 (eg, from FIG. 13). Treated air 1425A may be circulated to dryer 1410 and return air 1425b returned to optional 1300.

The dried biomass 1411 exiting the drying unit 1410 may be fed to the unit 1414, after which the powdered products 1413 may be transferred to the BPPP 1480.

The biomass 1404A exiting the separation unit 1404 may be transferred to the whole cell processing unit 1412, while the whole cell products 1412A may be transferred to the BPPP 1480.

The biomass exiting the evaporator unit 1424 is turned into finished products in oil 1430, which can then be transferred to the BPPP 1480.

Both separation module 1404 and/or mixing module 1420 can receive heat from module 1418 (heat optional from FIG. 2). Drying unit 1410 receives heat from unit 1418A (heat optional from FIG. 2). Evaporative block 1424 receives heat from block 1418B (heat optional from FIG. 2). Blocks 1418, 1418A and/or 1418B may be the same or different thermal blocks.

One or more inputs of various biomasses and water 1402 or solvent containing extracted biomass 1416 may be processed using any subset of the described steps and modules.

As shown in FIG. 14, a separation plant 1404 separates biomass 1404A and/or 1403 from water 1406, which can be accomplished by filtration, screening, centrifugation, flotation (including dissolved air and hydrogen), flocculation, bioflocculation, gravity settling, and/or other techniques known in the art. a person skilled in the art, for example, Shelef et al., 1984 and Pandey et al., 2013 p. 85-110.

An optional cell disruption unit 1408 disrupts the cell wall of the biomass 1403 to release the contents of the cell by mechanical means such as crushing, sonication, homogenization, temperature control (freezing or microwave processing) and/or non-mechanical means such as the use of enzymes or chemicals. and/or other technical means known to a person skilled in the art.

Drying unit 1410 dries biomass 1417A by spray drying, freeze drying, tumble drying, sun drying, and/or other techniques known to those skilled in the art.

The mixing module(s) 1420 mixes the biomass 1417B and/or the solvent(s) containing the extracted biomass 1416 with the solvent to extract useful products from the biomass.

The separation unit 1422 separates the biomass from the solvent, which can be accomplished by filtration, screening, centrifugation, flotation (including dissolved air and hydrogen), flocculation, bioflocculation, gravity settling, gravity thickener, and/or other techniques known to one of skill in the art according to to the author Shelef et al., 1984 and Pandey et al., 2013 p. 85-110.

The refiner and/or gasification module 1428 operates to produce biofuel 1434 from residual biomass 1426.

The evaporation unit 1424 vaporizes the solvent leaving the finished products in oil 1430. The evaporation process can preferably be carried out under vacuum 1427 and/or with additional heat 1418B (heat optional from FIG. 2).

A condenser unit 1438 condenses solvent vapors 1436 to recover solvent 1440 using refrigeration 1439 (refrigeration is optional from FIG. 2).

Whole cell processing unit 1412 operates to process whole cell products from biomass 1404A in preparation for WWPP 1480.

The powder processing unit 1414 operates to process powdered products from dried biomass 1411 in preparation for WWPP 1480.

In FIG. 14 shows the major steps involved in post-processing various products 1400. In one embodiment, to produce whole cell products, biomass 1412A and water 1402 can be separated 1404 using heat 1418 (heat optional from FIG. 2) and the resulting biomass 1404A can be sent for processing 1412 whole-cell products.

In an embodiment of the invention for the production of powdered products 1413, biomass and water 1402 can be separated 1404 using heat 1418 (heat optional from Fig. 2). The resulting biomass 1403 can be dried 1410 using heat 1418A, and the dried biomass 1411 can be sent for processing 1414 powdered products.

In an embodiment of the invention for the production of powdered products 1413, biomass and water 1402 can be separated 1404 using heat 1418 (heat optional from Fig. 2). The resulting biomass 1403 optionally goes through cell disruption 1408 and the biomass 1417a can be dried 1410 using heat 1418A (heat optional from FIG. 2). Exhaust air 1425B from dryer 1410 optionally passes to air treatment/odor control system 1300 (FIG. 13) and treated air 1425a may optionally be returned. The resulting dried biomass 1411 can be sent for processing 1414 powdered products.

In an embodiment of the invention for the production of finished products in oil 1430, biomass and water 1402 can be separated 1404 using heat 1418 (heat optional from Fig. 2). The resulting biomass 1403 can be transferred to one or more mixing modules 1420 using heat 1418 with the addition of solvent 1421 and/or reclaimed solvent 1437 and/or 1440. The mixing modules 1420 can also or optionally receive a mixture of solvent and biomass 1416 in the same or in separate mixing modules 1420. Residual biomass 1426 can be separated 1422 and the solvent containing the desired product is passed through vaporization 1424, facilitated by vacuum 1427 and heating 1418B, to produce the finished product in oil 1430. Solvent 1437 can be recovered directly from the evaporation unit 1424 and/or from the vapors 1436 solvent that can be condensed 1438 using refrigeration 1439. Reclaimed solvent 1440 can be used in BGM 212. Reclaimed solvent 1437 and/or residual biomass 1426 can be used in BGM 212A.

In an embodiment of the invention for the production of finished products 1430, biomass and water 1402 can be separated 1404 using heat 1418 (heat optional from Fig. 2) and passed through the optional destruction 1408 cells. The resulting biomass 1417B can be transferred to one or more mixing modules 1420 using heat 1418 (heat optional from FIG. 2) with the addition of solvent 1421 and/or regenerated solvent 1437 and/or 1440. Mixing modules 1420 can also or optionally produce a mixture solvent and biomass 1416 in the same or in separate mixing modules 1420. Residual biomass 1426 may be separated 1422 and the solvent containing the desired product passed through evaporation 1424 facilitated by vacuum 1427 and heating 1418B (heat optional from FIG. 2) to produce a finished product in oil 1430. Exhaust air 1425 after vacuum 1427 may be optionally treated to control odor 1300 (FIG. 3). Solvent 1437 can be extracted directly from the evaporator block 1424 and/or from solvent vapors 1436, which can be condensed 1438 using refrigeration 1439 (cooling is optional from FIG. 2). Reclaimed solvent 1440 can be used in BGM 212. Reclaimed solvent 1437 and/or residual biomass 1426 can be used in BGM 212A.

In one or more embodiments for biofuel production 1434, biomass and water 1402 can be separated 1404 using heat 1418. The resulting biomass 1403 can be transferred to one or more mixing modules 1420 using heat 1418 with the addition of solvent 1421 and/or reclaimed solvent 1437 and/or 1440. Modules 1420 mixing can also or optionally receive a mixture of solvent and biomass 1416 in the same or in separate modules 1420 mixing. Residual biomass 1426 can be separated 1422 and sent to a refiner and/or gasification module 1428 to produce biofuel 1434 for fuel use 1000 (FIG. 10).

In an embodiment for biofuel production 1434, biomass and water 1402 may be separated 1404 by heat 1418 (heat optional from FIG. 2) and passed through optional cell disruption 1408. The resulting biomass 1417B can be transferred to one or more mixing modules 1420 using heat 1418 (heat optional from FIG. 2) with the addition of solvent 1421 and/or regenerated solvent 1437 and/or 1440. Mixing modules 1420 can also or optionally produce a mixture solvent and biomass 1416 in the same or separate mixing modules 1420. Residual biomass 1426 can be separated 1422 and sent to a refiner and/or gasification module 1428 to produce biofuel 1434 for fuel use 1000 (FIG. 10).

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In one embodiment of the invention, the RPP and the refiner can be combined to provide sharing of systems, resources and/or processes. In one embodiment, any or all of the flows to and from these facilities may be shared, such as biomass, biofuels, water, heat, refrigeration, carbon dioxide, as well as stocks of materials used to process biomass and/or biofuels. . Some heating, separating and/or other biomass purification technologies may be used in conjunction with the refinery. In one embodiment of the invention, these processes can be performed in a refiner and the effluents are further processed in a BPP, or vice versa. Any residual biomass from the BPP may be sent to the BGM for reuse, to a separate gasification module, to a gasification module such as a CHG or anaerobic digestion unit in a thermal plant, and/or to a refiner for processing into fuel by NTR or other ways.

Location of the refinery and RPP: Many of the possible processes for separation and/or purification of biomass in the refiner and RPP involve the use of heat. One existing type of separation/purification technology is NTR, and alternative processes also require heat. Some processing steps may also require refrigeration, such as the condensation of solvents. In one embodiment of the invention, waste heat from a thermal plant and/or some other source can be used for these purposes, for example in a plan, for example in FIG. 2. In one embodiment of the invention, the refiner and/or RPP may be located on site in such a way as to make the best use of waste heat from heat intensive processes. In one embodiment of the invention, some aspects of biomass purification/separation/processing may be performed in a thermal plant and/or any of the other heat generation and/or recovery processes described herein, and in order to use the heat more efficiently, the resulting output may be directed to the refinery and/or BPP. In one embodiment of the invention, these installations can also be located with regard to the efficient transport of biomass products, both on site and in preparation for withdrawal (ie, near WWRR).

Air treatment/odor control system

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 13, Sludge Treatment Module, Gasification Module, BGM, WWTP, BPP, Refiner, WWPP, Waste Treatment/Recycling Plant, WTE Plant and/or cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol unit(s) when used in plan implementation and/ or possibly other thermal installation hardware may emit odors and possibly other gaseous forms of pollution. In one embodiment, these devices may be installed under vacuum or exhaust (e.g., reduced air pressure) and the air extracted from them used to power combustion processes in a thermal plant to remove odors and/or other unwanted gases. In one embodiment, fresh air may be provided using ambient air, air from other modules, and/or purification technology that may be used to treat the air and/or circulate the air back to and/or exhaust. In one embodiment of the invention, this system can also be used to circulate air through any system, for example in a plan, that may need airflow for other reasons, such as drying biomass in a BPP and/or refinery, and/or processed products from the recirculation plant, and/or WWPP. In one embodiment of the invention, heated air (e.g., from a thermal plant and/or other module, e.g., Fig. 2) can be used for these processes, and/or, after optional heat recovery, the gases can be redirected back into this system, as shown. In one embodiment of the invention, after leaving the combustion process, the air can be treated for heat recovery and/or pollution control (for example, Fig. 7A or 7B) or in another way, and then sent for reuse, for example, to BGM and/or to other uses where carbon dioxide may be useful (see FIG. 4) and/or released to the environment. These units may also or optionally use regenerative thermal oxidizer technology and/or other air treatment, odor reduction and/or purification technology.

As shown in FIG. 13, circuit 1300 comprises an odor control configuration for air treatment, optionally including a refiner and/or a BPP 1302, a sludge treatment module 1304, a gasification module 1306, a BGM/WWTP 1308, a WWTP 206, a waste treatment/utilization module 1318, and a thermal plant. 1002, optionally including incineration processes 1326, waste-to-energy module(s) 1328, cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module 1330, and/or other thermal plant processes 1332 may be in fluid communication with ambient air source 1310. Air purification module 1316 and/or heat recovery module 1314 may optionally process any air stream or streams at 1300, and one or more storage modules 1312 may store air from any one or more streams at 1300. Modules 1302, 1304, 1306, 1308, 206, 1312, 1314, 1316, 1318, 1328, 1330 and/or 1332 can supply air

- 135 039936 to the combustion processes 1326 in the thermal plant 1002. In the combustion processes of the thermal plant, the intake air from these modules is burned, and the exhaust gases can be sent for heat recovery and / or pollution control 1324, and either reuse 1322, or exhaust gases

1320. 1324, 1322, and/or 1320 may be represented in FIG. 7A by module 700, or in FIG. 7In module

700A or in another manner known to those skilled in the art.

As shown in FIG. 13, an embodiment of the invention includes a system 1300 configured to use ambient air and optionally regenerate, purify and deodorize used air, wherein ambient air 1310 and/or used air is provided to and/or from: thermal unit 1002; a sludge processing module 1304; module 1308 WWTP; BGM 1308; module 1306 gasification; module 1318 for recycling/recycling waste; a heat recovery module 1314; module 1302 refiner; module 1302 BPP; module 206 WWRR; air storage module 1312; and/or an optional air purification module 1316. An embodiment includes a system in which ambient and/or used air exhaust stream(s) 1310 from any one or more modules: thermal unit module 1002; a sludge processing module 1304; module 1308 WWTP; BGM 1308; module 1306 gasification; a recycling/recycling module 1318; a heat recovery module 1314; module 1302 refiner; module 1302 BRR; module 206 WWRR; air storage module 1312; and/or an optional air purification module 1316 is provided for the thermal installation module 1002. An implementation option includes a system in which the thermal unit module 1002 is configured to process the exhaust air stream(s) using a combustion process 1326 . An implementation option includes a system where the combustion process 1326 includes burning fuel to generate heat and/or power. An embodiment includes a system in which exhaust air stream(s) from thermal unit module 1002 is provided to heat recovery control and/or pollution control module 1324. An implementation option includes a system in which the exhaust air stream(s) from the heat recovery control and/or pollution control module 1324 can be reused 1322 by any one or more of the modules: thermal plant module 1002; a sludge processing module 1304; module 1308 WWTP; BGM 1308; module 1306 gasification; waste processing/recycling module 1318; a heat recovery module 1314; refiner module 1302; module 1302 BRR; WWRR module 206; an air storage module 1312; and/or an optional air purification module 1316, and/or released 1320 to the outside or outside of the system.

As shown in FIG. 13, an embodiment of the invention includes a method of using ambient air 1310 and optionally regenerating, purifying and deodorizing used air, wherein ambient air 1310 and/or used air is provided within system 1300 for: thermal unit 1002; a sludge processing module 1304; module 1308 WWTP; BGM 1308; module 1306 gasification; module 1318 for recycling/recycling waste; a heat recovery module 1314; module 1302 refiner; module 1302 BPP; module 206 WWRR; air storage module 1312; and/or an optional air purification module 1316 and/or from them, including receiving ambient and/or used air from the module, optionally purifying ambient and/or used air, and providing ambient and/or used air to another module, or exhausting ambient and/or or used air. An implementation option includes a method further including providing exhaust air stream(s) from any one or more of the modules: thermal unit module 1002; a sludge processing module 1304; module 1308 WWTP; BGM 1308; module 1306 gasification; a recycling/recycling module 1318; a heat recovery module 1314; module 1302 refiner; module 1302 BRR; module 206 WWRR; air storage module 1312; and/or an optional air purification module 1316, including receiving ambient and/or used air from the module, optionally purifying ambient and/or used air, and supplying ambient and/or used air to another module or exhausting ambient and/or used air to the module 1002 thermal installation, and the air includes ambient air 1310, regenerated, purified and/or deodorized air. An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including directing air into the combustion unit or module 1002 of a thermal plant. An embodiment of the invention includes a method further including directing air from a thermal unit combustion unit or module 1002 to a heat recovery and/or pollution control module 1324.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 13, sludge treatment module, gasification module, BGM, WWTP, BPP, refiner, WWPP, waste treatment/recycling plant, WTE plant, and/or cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol unit(s) when used in one or more embodiments The plan and/or possibly other technical means of the thermal installation may emit odors and/or possibly other gaseous forms of pollution. In one embodiment of the invention, these devices can be installed under an exhaust (for example, reduced air pressure), and the air extracted from them,

- 136 039936 are used to feed combustion processes in a thermal plant to remove odors and/or other unwanted gases. In one or more embodiments of the invention, fresh air may be provided using ambient air, air from other modules, and/or purification technology that may be used to treat the air and/or circulate air back to these devices. In one embodiment of the invention, this system can also be used to circulate air through any system in the plan that may need airflow for other reasons, such as drying biomass in a BPP and/or refinery, and/or processed products at recirculation plant, and/or WWRR. In one or more embodiments, heated air may be used for these processes and, after optional heat recovery, the gases may be recycled back into the system as shown. After exiting the incineration process, the air may be treated for heat recovery and/or pollution control (e.g., FIG. 7A or 7B) and/or other means, and then sent for reuse, e.g., to BGM and/or other uses, where carbon dioxide may be useful (see FIG. 4), and/or released into the environment. These units may also or optionally use regenerative thermal oxidizer technology and/or other air treatment, odor reduction and/or purification technology.

Pressure anywhere, such as a plan, can be recovered and reused where it exists, such as a plan. As shown in FIG. 23, 2300, pressure can be recovered from and/or fed back into any of the optional modules: desalination module 2304, thermal plant 2306, WWPP 2308, power generation module 2310, refinery and/or WWR 2312, NTR 2316 and/or energy to move materials within plan 2314.

Recovery and reuse of pressure 2302 may be performed in any manner known to those skilled in the art. Some examples of pressure recovery technology that can be used for this purpose are turbines or a Pelton wheel, turbocharger, pressure heat exchanger (such as DWEER, rotary pressure heat exchanger and Dannfoss iSave), energy recovery pump (such as a Clark pump, a Spectra Pearson pump, and/or other appliances suitable for this purpose).

Due to the combination of different types of facilities, some of which may share infrastructure aspects, inputs, outputs, resources, and/or other aspects in general, the infrastructure can be shared. In addition, some products can be synthesized or regenerated and used, eg in a plan, in unforeseen useful ways due to the combination of these, as a rule, separate technical means and/or modules, eg in a plan. In FIG. 24A-24J depict aspects of the infrastructure that may be shared or other synergies created, such as in a plan, that may be associated with the infrastructure. In FIG. 24K shows the products that can be regenerated or synthesized within the plan (in addition to those described previously) and shows how some of these products can be used/reused, for example in the plan. In FIG. 24L and 24M show some examples of synergies created in embodiments where a refiner, RRW, and/or WWRR may be used. As shown in FIG. 24A-24M:

As shown in FIG. 24A: In one embodiment, piping and piping installation and duct infrastructure can be shared between a salt water BGM, a salt water cooling TR (e.g., salt water used to cool a thermal plant and/or other process), a desalination plant, an outlet (outlets) BGM/WWTP and/or brine outlet.

As shown in FIG. 24B: In one embodiment of the invention, an HPT infrastructure, including an HPT transport infrastructure and an HPT treatment infrastructure and/or anaerobic digestion infrastructure and/or other biomass gasification facilities, can be shared to treat WWTP sludge, BGM sludge, biomass for any source and from it, and/or BGM biomass.

As shown in FIG. 24C: In one embodiment, the biogas purification, processing, storage and/or heating infrastructure can be split between an optional HTP gas outlet, natural gas inlet/outlet, anaerobic digestion, WWTP/BGM biogas, and/or gasification module(s).

As shown in FIG. 24D: In one embodiment, air/gas supply, automation and flow controls, infrastructure and/or primary processing and tertiary processing modules can optionally be shared by WWTP, BGM and/or WWTP when converted to BGM.

As shown in FIG. 24E: In one embodiment of the invention, sensors, computerized controls, and systems for automating and optimizing all circuit and/or plan functions may be implemented to control and/or optimize inputs, outputs, including costs and/or other characteristics of the entire plan, circuit, or systems. These systems may contain

- 137 039936 a customized system with controls or an automated system with flow controls, comprising a system, optionally under computer control, configured to measure and / or regulate any conditions, process, flow, input, output in terms of (for example, temperature , pH, gas content, flow rate(s), density, dissolved solids, contaminant concentrations, nutrient levels, light intensity, salinity and/or other measurable characteristics), data acquisition, processing optionally by computer, optionally using artificial intelligence or other adaptive controls to determine if adjustments to any operating parameters may be necessary by sending one or more signals to one or more systems, which then make one or more physical adjustments to the operating parameters of the plan (e.g., flow rate change but fluids, the release of materials, the launch, increase or decrease in the speed of the process or technical means, the direction of materials to storage and / or another module and / or other operational adjustments of modules, blocks, elements of blocks, technical means and / or connections that make up plan). In one embodiment of the invention, any of the processes, facilities and controls can be combined for all systems of the plan with computer control and automation systems with sensors and computer controls to determine the operating parameters of the entire plan and to send signals to the control systems to correct and optimize some aspect of operation, optionally using one or more controller interfaces, and/or reliable and/or adaptive controls and/or artificial intelligence (for example, and an industrial control system, optionally with adaptive controls and/or artificial intelligence) .

As shown in FIG. 24E: In one embodiment of the invention, the distribution of energy may be shared among all modules, blocks, block elements, connections, connections, flows, and/or all other functions of the system and/or plan.

As shown in FIG. 24F: In one embodiment, the intake piping infrastructure may optionally be shared with a BGU of salt water, salt water cooling TR (e.g., salt water used to cool a thermal plant or other process), desalination plant, and/or salt water for which - or another chosen goal, for example in a plan.

As shown in FIG. 24G: In one embodiment of the invention, water supply lines can be installed in a single pipeline to reduce the installation process of infrastructure for supplying or discharging salt water, brine, brackish water, fresh water, sewage and/or drinking water.

As shown in FIG. 24H: In one embodiment of the invention, any thermal plant and/or solar technology, optionally present in any embodiment of the invention, may share exhaust gas transport devices, riser, module(s) to combat with contamination, pollution capture module(s), turbine(s), water/other fluid source(s), transport devices and/or outlet, CO ₂ storage and/or distribution system, chemical storage and/or pipelines, water supply , fuels, sensors and/or electronic controls, other infrastructure, in aggregate between systems, and/or resources and/or outputs in general.

As shown in FIG. 24I: In one embodiment, the heat transfer and/or heat storage and/or cooling infrastructure can optionally be shared between and/or with any two or more modules, with heat and/or cooling outlets and/or modules in the heat of the sun.

As shown in FIG. 24J: In one embodiment of the invention, the infrastructure for NTR processes and/or combustion of fuels can be shared between BGM biomass, WTE biomass, and/or agricultural biomass.

As shown in FIG. 24K: In one embodiment, other by-products of the plan, or by-products converted to other products, such as plan, may contain any of the following: ash (from TR combustion processes) for cement, brine (for example, from desalination) for gaseous hydrogen from electrolysis, bleach brine, sea salt brine, and from the waste treatment plant module (consisting of waste receiving/recycling module 206): plastics into plastic bottles, tapes and/or packaging materials for WWPP, other plastic products, rubber into rubber chips, wood into pressed wood (eg pressed board), glass into glass products, metal into metal products and/or raw materials, paper into paper for cardboard and/or paper products, and other standard processing.

As shown in FIG. 24L: In one embodiment of the invention, the refiner and/or RPP can provide synergy due to being combined with other modules, for example in terms of the following: exit off site. Any of the fuels described in this document may be used on site. Next netop

- 138 039936 rainwater products can be synthesized from biomass on site and used in systems such as: lubricants, bioplastics, paper, soil improvers, fertilizers, paints, chemicals and other useful products. Where both the refiner and the RPP may be present in one or more embodiments, they may share some infrastructure in common, and the RPP resources, inputs, outflows and/or outputs or by-products may be processed in the refiner, or vice versa.

As shown in FIG. 24M: In one embodiment of the invention, WWPP can provide synergy when integrated into the plan as follows: Instant processing and/or bottling of desalinated water from DP to maintain freshness; gassing the site water using optionally purified carbon dioxide from the plan (FIG. 4); the ability to store and / or transport water from a source, which creates a universal water supply and which can provide the creation of a reserve water supply to meet various needs or storage in case of emergencies; instant packaging of biomass products after synthesis to maintain optimal freshness; optional gassing of biomass fluids on site using optionally purified carbon dioxide from the plan (FIG. 4); possible use of heat, possibly containing waste heat from a thermal plant for processing; the possible use of cogeneration cooling from the heat of a thermal plant, including waste heat, for the rapid storage of water and/or biomass products.

DP brine removal technology

Discharge of saline into the sea - release into the sea or other body of water:

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24A and/or FIG. 3, the DP brine outlet vent may be used by some pipelines and/or other equipment in conjunction with the WWTP/BGM vent, and/or the same piping and/or vent may be used. In an embodiment of the invention, the brine may be discharged onto land using zero liquid discharge. In an embodiment of the invention, the brine may be released underground and/or in other manner known to the person skilled in the art.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24A and/or 3, the SWBGU may share infrastructure with an optional desalination plant, including, for example, seawater abstraction, pumps, pipes, heat use, water use, and/or discharge. In one embodiment, the SWBGU may use salt water separately from the desalination plant, it may receive brine as feed water from the desalination plant, and/or its output may be routed to the desalination plant (see description in the desalination section).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24A, the DP may use the intake and/or piping in plan in conjunction with the SWBGU, seawater cooling source for the thermal plant (if required), or any of these salt water modules/plants may have separate intakes. Any of these module/source intakes, if separated, or a combination intake if combined, may share some piping and/or other equipment with a wastewater treatment plant, BGM, and/or brine outlet discharge. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the intake(s) may provide a source of cooling for some process in that the water from the intake at sea, especially a deep water intake, may be significantly cooler than the ambient temperature on land and may provide cooling. In an embodiment of the invention, salt water intake water can be used as source water for SWBGU and/or BWBGU in hot climates for temperature control. In one embodiment, salt water from the intake is used to fill basins and/or other structures surrounding any BGU and/or BGU component to provide cooling and/or temperature changes, especially in hot environments. After being used in this way and/or for other purpose(s) for cooling, decorative use, and/or use in any other way described for heat transfer and/or cooling, including possibly transferring heat from a heating installation to plan, then the water can be sent to the DP for desalination. In this way, water and/or cooling is provided where needed in the plan (see FIGS. 2 and 3) and in the processes, and the temperature of the salt water is raised, thus reducing the energy demand in the desalination process.

In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24B and/or 3, an STD module or unit that can be used as described herein for biomass processing and/or similar methods can also be used as a means of converting waste to energy. STD and/or equivalent techniques known to the skilled person can be used to process a wide range of organic materials to obtain biofeedstock. The NTR module, unit or equivalent treatment system(s) designed for biomass can be used in conjunction with those used for solid waste treatment. The HTL can be made in accordance with the PNNL process patent, WO 2013/184317A1, as shown in FIG. 9. Other variants of NTR or similar processes suitable for this purpose may also be used.

- 139 039936

Solids/Deposit WWTP/WWTBGU/MFWBGU: In an embodiment of the invention, such as in FIG. 24B and/or 10, solids and/or sludge from WWTP, WWTBGU, MFWBGU and/or other BGUs described herein can be processed in a gasification module (e.g., CHG, anaerobic digestion) to produce biogas for energy production in thermal installation. In one or more embodiments of the invention, all or part of the biomass from BGM can also be processed in the gasification module together with these solids or separately, using the same gasification equipment, to produce biogas; and/or WWTP and/or WWTBGU solids can be introduced into WWTBGU for use in the biomass growing process; and/or any of these solids can be processed in the NTR system (either in the biomass NTR system described herein and/or separately) to obtain biofeedstock for energy production in a thermal plant, with the remaining residue treated with some either of the above methods; and/or the solids may be processed in another WTE and/or other energy and/or fuel technology (eg, pyrolysis, cellulosic ethanol and/or other WTE) for use in a thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24B, 24C and 10, biogas produced by processing biomass in a gasification module (e.g. using CHG and/or anaerobic autoclaves), and optionally from a landfill used in any on-site process, can be used for energy production in a thermal plant. Biogas from the facilities of the gasification module, in order to prepare it for use as a fuel and/or for storage, can be subjected to processing, including drying, removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or other pollutants, blending with other fuels, condensing to a liquid state and/ or other methods known to those skilled in the art. Gasification module(s), such as CHG module(s), anaerobic autoclaves, and/or devices for purifying, drying, condensing to a liquid state, treating, storing and/or heating gas and/or their associated infrastructure can be used jointly BGM biomass, BGM sludge, and/or WWTP sludge and/or produced biogas and/or other biogas sources such as optional landfill and/or other optional natural gas sources such as natural gas imported from outside. Any thermal plant facilities using gaseous fuels (e.g. natural gas combustion turbines) and/or associated infrastructure may be shared by any or all of these systems and/or other combustible gas sources such as natural gas, supplied from off site for use in a thermal plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24B and/or 10, the NTR includes a primary process for instantly separating biomass from water and/or converting biomass to biofeedstock and/or other fuel using a heat and possibly pressure process. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the biofeedstock that is the product of liquid-based NTR processes such as HTL or RTP can be burned directly, for example, in burners, high-power engines, for example, in an engine that typically burns diesel fuel or heavier fuel , and/or other selected thermal power plant facilities, and/or can be further processed into many primary fuels that can be combusted if they are more efficient than biofeedstock, given the additional processing costs. In one embodiment of the invention, the NTR can convert other biomass and/or waste into biofeedstock. In one embodiment of the invention, the HTP may be used as a complete replacement for other WTE technologies, or as a partial replacement in the plan. In this embodiment, the waste may be heated and/or possibly pressurized and the organic portion may be liquefied to form a biofeedstock (this process is referred to as waste NTR). In one embodiment of the invention, the biofeedstock can be incinerated and/or further processed and then incinerated for energy production, depending on its properties. This is an optional waste-to-energy system in the disclosed plan, including the optional inclusion of biomass streams, such as agricultural material, wood, and/or other organic materials, in one or more STD processes. The synergy is the same in terms of that described for the pyrolysis-based WTE systems described above, with the addition of the following. In an embodiment of the invention, the waste RTR infrastructure can be shared with the BGM biomass RTR infrastructure and/or other biomass RTR infrastructure (such as agricultural biomass, timber, energy crops, etc.) and the processes can be fully integrated or partially integrated.

In one or more embodiments, such as in FIG. 24D and/or 3 if standard WWTP is used and subsequently adapted to WWTBGU, as one skilled in the art understands, the primary and/or tertiary processing infrastructure originally developed for WWTP can also be adapted for use in WWTBGU and/or possibly , also partially or completely secondary processing infrastructure.

In one or more embodiments, such as in FIG. 24D and/or 3, pools, sumps

- 140 039936 and / or other technical means used in secondary processing in WWTP may also be used in one or more WWTBGUs, and may share infrastructure when working together and / or in the event of modification or partial or complete adaptation of the WWTP system to WWTBGU, adaptation of the original basins, reservoirs and/or other WWTP infrastructure to the subsequent implementation of the WWTBGU and/or other BGU, depending on the needs of the scheme. In one or more embodiments of the invention, primary wastewater treatment infrastructure may also be included, including screens, clarifiers, flocculation facilities, sedimentation facilities and/or other suitable primary wastewater treatment facilities and/or tertiary treatment facilities. wastewater, which may contain tertiary clarifiers, decontamination technologies such as UV and/or other suitable tertiary wastewater treatment technologies. For example, the UV treatment system can be shared between one or more WWTBGU and WWTP, both of which can be used simultaneously or can be adapted for use in WWTBGU in case WWTBGU is introduced to replace WWTP.

Electrical equipment

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24D, an electrical substation near the supply pumping equipment may be shared between WWTBGU and WWTP, or adapted to replace WWTP with WWTBGU. Sensors, computer controls, control modules, software, hardware, and/or other electrical systems may also be shared between these systems, adapted to each other, and may be combined with the remaining modules of the plan.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24D and/or 6, the air/oxygen delivery system used for any purpose in the system or plan may be adapted and/or converted to a carbon dioxide delivery system, such as to support photosynthetic WWTBGU, or an oxygen or air delivery system, suitable for growing biomass in a BGU type that requires oxygen or air, or an oxygen, air and/or carbon dioxide delivery system to support a BGU with these requirements.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. (table) 24E and/or (table) 24H, one or more of the connections, links and/or synergies described herein between a thermal plant and other processes, for example, in a plan, can be established using any number various facilities that make up a thermal plant (for example, carbon dioxide can be supplied to the BGM either from a combustion turbine, or from a municipal waste incinerator to generate energy, or from both facilities and / or any other facilities of thermal plants that create carbon dioxide when these technical means are used as a thermal installation). In one or more embodiments of the invention, various technologies and/or fuel sources may be used containing a thermal plant, including conventional power generation systems, waste-to-energy technologies and/or other thermal plant technologies that can be integrated to exchange of infrastructure and/or resources, such as fuel, heat, water, energy, emission control modules, computer elements or control modules and/or other resources. The infrastructure exchange may include one or more electrical substations, transmission lines, other electrical infrastructure known to those skilled in the art, exhaust vehicles, risers, pollution control modules, pollution capture modules (e.g., Fig. 7A or 7B) and/or other emission control systems, carbon dioxide, methane, biogas, oxygen and/or other gas transmission lines and/or storage facilities, water, water/biomass slurry, biofuels, other fuels, other means of transportation and/or storage of liquids, cooling systems, heat exchangers and/or other components that can be used in conjunction with thermal installations. In some embodiments of the invention, fuels may be created/processed by one facility in a thermal plant and used to produce energy and/or heat using another facility of a thermal plant, for example, fuels may be created in a WTE facility, treated with the heat of a thermal plant, and /or burnt in a power plant that is part of a thermal installation.

In one or more embodiments, such as in FIG. 24H and/or FIG. 24C and/or FIG. 10, one or more on-site and/or off-site fuel sources can share technical power generation facilities in a thermal plant, reducing infrastructure costs (e.g., biomass biofeedstock, WTE biofeedstock, GTD biofeedstock, and/or other fuel sources sharing technical heating equipment). In one or more embodiments of the invention, thermal plant facilities, including WTE facilities and/or power generation facilities, may share infrastructure for transporting and/or distributing carbon dioxide, transporting cooling water and/or heated water, using heat, emission control elements (e.g. waste

- 141 039936 gases can share the infrastructure shown, for example, in FIG. 7B or 7B) and/or all other infrastructure common to these facilities. Air Emissions Regulators: In one or more embodiments of the invention, the plan establishes all modern means of combating air pollution, if necessary, for the emissions generated.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24H, solar thermal facilities (e.g. solar concentrators) may be used in the plan to preheat seawater for desalination, BGM output for NTR, power generation, or to introduce heat into the plan where needed (e.g. in Fig. 3). If a solar facility is used, it can share steam turbines with those already in the thermal plant.

In one embodiment of the invention, for example 24K, the end product of combustion and/or other WTE direct combustion technologies may be ash, which can be used to produce cement. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 2 and/or 24K, the waste heat can be used to generate electricity for electrolysis, for example, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) can be synthesized from a DP brine outlet using brine electrolysis. Bleach may be used throughout the plan for disinfection, cleaning and/or other purposes and/or removed off site.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 24K and/or 10, brine electrolysis produces hydrogen gas. The hydrogen can be used in a fuel cell to generate electricity and/or returned to a thermal plant for combustion.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3 and/or 24K, sea salt can be produced from a DP brine outlet and sold off site. In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, the demineralized water DP can be supplied for use in a thermal plant, where necessary, in any system of thermal installations (for example, gas turbines, if used, and/or other energy systems). In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 3, desalinated water DP (with added minerals) can be supplied for use, if necessary, in a thermal plant (eg, gas turbines and/or other power systems).

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10 and/or 24K, blowing, rinsing, filling and/or capping bottles can be combined into one integrated system. Integrated systems reduce bacteriological load (disinfection), reduce production costs, reduce line footprint, reduce bottle costs and increase line efficiency. A bottle-to-bottle facility may be included in the plan to allow direct use of recycled PET and/or other materials to make plastic bottles. This type of plant can be combined with a waste recycling/reuse plant.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 10 and/or 24K, plastic from the waste collection and recycling area can be reused. The final recycled plastic product will be cleaned, sanitized and/or shredded plastic material. This material can then be used in the WWRR bottle making process. Packaging materials for WWPP and/or other modules in the plan, such as a refiner, may also come from the waste recycling/reuse facility described herein, including possibly plastic, cardboard and/or wooden pallets. A bottle-to-bottle facility may be included in the plan to allow direct use of recycled PET and/or other materials to make plastic bottles. This type of plant can be combined with a waste recycling/reuse plant. The final recycled plastic product will be cleaned, sanitized and/or shredded plastic material. This material can then be used in the WWRR bottle making process.

WWPP packaging materials may also come from the waste recycling/reuse facility described herein, including possibly plastic, glass, cardboard, wood pallets, and/or other recycled materials. Waste heat from a thermal plant and/or heat recovered from other sources in the plan (for example in FIG. 2) can be used to generate cooling, such as air conditioning and/or air refrigeration to cool buildings and/or to cool biomass products, for BGM cooling where beneficial and/or for other purposes.

As shown in FIG. 25, scheme 2500, in an embodiment of the invention, oxygen source(s) in plan may be supplied to modules and/or facilities that use, store, transport, and/or process oxygen. For example, WWTP/BGM 402 optionally contains any of the following elements: WWTP 402A; autotrophic BGU 402B; mixotrophic BGU 402С; heterotrophic BGU 402D. In one embodiment, thermal plant 222 optionally includes oxy-fuel processes 2508 (e.g., to reduce NOx emissions) and/or other oxygen-using processes 2510, such as fuel generation of various types (e.g., cellulosic ethanol/butanol/ isobutanol) that may require or benefit from oxygen (for example, oxygen concentrations higher than in air, or oxygen replenishment where it may be depleted during the process). The following modules or technical means, optionally present in any embodiment of the invention, can create and/or supply oxygen and/or can release it after performing functions for reuse in the network: autotrophic BGU 402B; mixotrophic BGU 402C; a module(s) for distributing oxygen for use, reuse, storage, purification and/or other processing in any manner known to those skilled in the art 2504, and/or an off-site source 2502 of oxygen. Any one or more of these oxygen sources can supply oxygen optionally to modules that require oxygen or that can benefit from oxygen, optionally including any of the following: refiner and/or BPP 202; WWTP 402A, sediment treatment 404, mixotrophic(s) BGU 402C, heterotrophic(s) BGU, WWPP 206; thermal plant 222, oxygen distribution modules for use, reuse, storage, purification and/or other processing in any way known to specialists 2504, and/or for export and/or release 2506.

As shown in FIG. 25, in one embodiment of the invention, the use of oxygen in the refinery and/or RPP may include any processes in which oxygen may be required or useful for processing biomass (for example, bacterial processing of biomass into fuel and/or other products, other technical means of separation and/or purification). Mixotrophic BGUs can both use and release oxygen. Oxygen can be used in the oxy-fuel processes of a thermal plant, whereby oxygen can be introduced into the combustion process inlet of some type, increasing the oxygen content of the combustion gases and decreasing the nitrogen content. The resulting waste combustion gases can be lower in NOx emissions. In one embodiment of the invention, autotrophic and/or mixotrophic BGUs provide oxygen flow for use in oxy-fuel processes in a thermal plant.

As shown in FIG. 25, an embodiment of the invention includes a power generation and fuel generation system 2500 configured to use and regenerate oxygen, with oxygen supplied to the system via: an oxygen producing autotrophic(s) BGU 402B; mixotrophic (mixotrophic) BGU 402C, configured to produce oxygen; source(s) 2502 oxygen outside the site; and/or module(s) 2504 for use, reuse, distribution, purification and/or processing of oxygen. An implementation option includes a system in which oxygen is provided to: refiner module 202; module 202 BRR; traditional module 420A WWTP; mixotrophic (mixotrophic) BGU 402C; heterotrophic (heterotrophic) BGU 402D; module 206 WWRR; sludge processing module 404; module 222 thermal installation; module(s) 2504 for use, reuse, distribution, purification and/or processing of oxygen; and/or module(s) 2506 for output and/or release of oxygen. An embodiment includes a system in which oxygen is provided by an autotrophic(autotrophic) BGU 402B capable of producing oxygen. An embodiment includes a system in which oxygen is provided by a mixotrophic(mixotrophic) BGU 402C configured to produce oxygen. An embodiment includes a system in which oxygen is supplied to one or more oxy-fuel process module(s) 2508, 2510 of a thermal plant. An embodiment includes a system in which oxygen is supplied to the mixotrophic(s) BGU 402C. An embodiment includes a system in which oxygen is supplied to heterotrophic(heterotrophic) BGU 402D.

As shown in FIG. 25, an embodiment of the invention includes a method for utilizing and regenerating oxygen, wherein oxygen is provided by: autotrophic(s) BGU 402B; mixotrophic (mixotrophic) BGU 402C; source(s) 2502 oxygen outside the site; and/or module(s) 2504 for using, reusing, distributing, purifying and/or treating oxygen, the method including taking oxygen from: autotrophic(autotrophic) BGU 402B; mixotrophic (mixotrophic) BGU 402C; source(s) 2502 oxygen outside the site; and/or module(s) 2504 for use, reuse, distribution, purification and/or processing and providing oxygen to another module. An implementation option includes a process in which oxygen is provided to: refiner module 202; module 202 BRR; traditional module 420A WWTP; mixotrophic (mixotrophic) BGU 402C; heterotrophic (heterotrophic) BGU 402D; module 206 WWRR; sludge processing module 404; module 222 thermal installation; module(s) 2504 for use, reuse, distribution, purification and/or processing of oxygen; and/or module(s) 2506 for output and/or release of oxygen. An embodiment includes a process in which oxygen is provided by autotrophic(s) BGU 402B. The implementation includes a method in which

- 143 039936 rum oxygen is provided by mixotrophic (mixotrophic) BGU 402C. An embodiment of the invention includes a method in which oxygen is supplied to one or more oxy-fuel process module(s) 2508, 2510 of a thermal plant, optionally including combustion of the oxy-fuel mixture and/or other means known in the art to increase the ratio oxygen to other gases in combustion processes. An implementation option includes a method in which oxygen is supplied to mixotrophic (mixotrophic) BGU 402C. An implementation option includes a method in which oxygen is supplied to heterotrophic (heterotrophic) BGU 402D.

In one or more embodiments of the invention, such as in FIG. 25, oxygen and/or other gases released from the BGU may be collected and/or stored and/or redirected for use in heterotrophic biomass growth processes, in WWTP, in other processes useful to the plan, and/or may be sold .

In one or more embodiments, such as in FIG. 25, oxygen produced in BGM and/or obtained and/or recovered from other sources, as in FIG. 25 may be wholly or partly introduced to wholly or partially include the gaseous influx of any technical means of combustion of the thermal plant by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example, means: to reduce the formation of NOx in the emissions of the thermal plant; to reduce fuel consumption (for example, by reducing the amount of nitrogen in the air, both of which are heated and converted into NOx emissions); to reduce the volume of exhaust gases generated during combustion; to reduce heat loss in exhaust gases; to obtain a higher proportion of CO ₂ in the output; to concentrate pollutants in a smaller volume of exhaust gases to facilitate separation from exhaust gases; so that the exhaust gases are more condensable, to ensure compression separation; recovery of condensation heat; and/or to provide other potential benefits in combustion processes.

In one or more embodiments, such as in FIG. 25, the introduction of oxygen may include oxy-fuel processes, optionally including combustion of an oxy-fuel mixture, and/or other processes, including partial or complete replacement of the supply gas with oxygen and/or introduction of oxygen only as part of the supply gas content of the thermal plant. For example, oxygen that is essentially pure, or gases that contain 30 to 80% oxygen, or 40 to 85% oxygen, or 50 to 90% oxygen, or 60 to 95% oxygen, can be collected from one or more element(s) of the BGU growth unit and/or other elements of the BGU unit, and/or other modules and/or off-site sources, and supplied to one or more combustion processes of a thermal plant with a flow rate of 10 to 50% of the consumed gases or from 25 to 100%, or 30 to 80%, or 50 to 90%, or 35 to 95%, and the remaining gases used in combustion include another gas or gas mixture, such as air. In one or more embodiments, oxygen may be introduced in different amounts and/or ratios to the other source(s) of supply gas of the thermal plant at different times based on any operating parameter(s) in the thermal plant and/or operating goals, and /or plan limits (e.g. burn rates, supply air requirements, emissions requirements, amount of oxygen available and/or other considerations). Plan sensors, including those that measure operating parameters (e.g., combustion rate(s) in a thermal plant, gas flow(s), BGM oxygen production rate, temperatures, emissions, and/or other parameters) can be used to send signals to an automated system that can control the flow of oxygen, air and/or fuel introduced into the gas inlet of the thermal plant and/or other operational characteristics of the plan, including the operation of the thermal plant.

In FIG. 28 is a high-level view 2800 of many aspects of the disclosed plan, scheme, and/or system (or plan) in an embodiment of the invention, with many additional features depicted. In various implementations, the plan as described may offer a flexible platform for optimizing local resources (e.g., use of water, fuel, waste, heat, gases, etc.) by combining various modules, blocks, block elements, facilities and/or components and compounds, interactions and/or relationships, for example, between them, which can be selected, as described herein, to effectively implement embodiments of the present invention in various implementations (for example, based on climate, environmental issues, waste streams, water availability , existing infrastructure that could be included in plan implementation options, etc.). Thus, the disclosed outline may describe many elements that may be optional in some implementations. Other figures disclosed herein illustrate many of the elements, such as additional connections and/or connections, depicted between modules, hardware and/or other elements, which are depicted by lines and arrows between plan elements in FIG. 28. As shown in FIG. 28, in one embodiment, the plan includes optionally a thermal plant module 108, optionally containing one or more facilities that can produce carbon dioxide and/or heat, systems that produce fuel or fuel precursors, and/or systems that can communicate with them, connect to them, and/or

- 144 039936 otherwise maintain technical means or systems of a thermal installation containing one or more of: technical means of a power plant; technical means for processing waste into energy; such as an incinerator; other direct combustion systems 108; a plasma gasification unit 1020; block 1010 HTR; block 1009 pyrolysis; and a cellulosic ethanol/cellulose butanol/cellulose isobutanol (cellulosic ethanol/IsoB) block 1012, a desorber/condenser block 1016, and/or other fuel production facility(s) 1018; block 226 drum incinerator, and/or other technical means that meet the definition of a thermal plant. Systems, facilities, and/or other elements of a thermal installation may share infrastructure as described herein (eg, in FIGS. 24B, 24C, 24E, 24H, 24I, 24J).

Thermal plant module 108 may include inputs to one or more of the following modules, blocks, block elements, facilities, and/or plan elements as shown: water 160, 314 one or more types of water (eg, FIG. 3); biogas 127, 132; other biofuels, including biofuels, ethanol, refined biofuels, biogas, biomass and/or hydrogen 132, 1058, 1060; a biomass/water slurry and/or a biofuel/water slurry 130; combustible fuels (for example, from other technical means of obtaining fuel in a thermal installation) 1006; treated waste water (eg Fig. 3); waste oil 1032; waste (for fuel) 1030; off-site fuels 1064; hazardous waste 1026; and air, optionally from an odor control system (eg in FIG. 13). The thermal plant may contain plan outputs for the following: energy 2082 (eg electrical), heat 134 to be used in the plan (eg in FIG. 2); biofuels 1062; carbon dioxide for use in the plan (eg Fig. 4); wastewater for use in the plan (for example, in Fig. 2); and/or ash for cement production (eg in FIG. 24K).

The WWTP module and/or BGM 110, 212 may comprise one or more of the conventional WWTP 402A, waste water BGU 402B, fresh water BGU 402C, salt water BGU 402D, and/or brackish water BGU 402E. Other types of BGUs may be available, which include those listed, for example, fresh water BGUs and/or mixed fresh water BGUs. These modules may share water sources and/or may mix different water sources (e.g., FIG. 3), the WWTP and BGM module, or any BGU composed of BGM, if present in certain embodiments, may exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen , for example in Fig. 4, fig. 25 and/or may share some infrastructure between different modules, such as in FIG. 24V, 24D, 24F, 24G.

The WWTP module and/or BGM 110, 212 may comprise one or more of the heat and/or cooling plan inputs, such as in FIG. 2; carbon dioxide 412; water, optionally containing: waste water, salt water, brine and/or fresh water (not waste water), such as in FIG. 3, 302. WWTP/BGM 110, 212 may comprise plan outputs selected from one or more of: biomass/water slurry or biofuel/water slurry 130; water outlet, for example in Fig. 3; treated wastewater, for example in FIG. 3 and/or precipitate 128.

The sludge treatment module 126, 131 optionally includes a gasification module 125, which optionally includes: a CHG block; block of anaerobic digestion; and/or other sludge treatment facilities 128. A sludge treatment plant may contain input from a sludge plan 128, and may contain optional outputs to a fuel (eg, biogas) plan 127, soil improver, and/or fertilizer, such as in FIG. 24L. Other functions of the gasification module are disclosed in this document.

Refiner module 202 and/or BPP module 202 may include: HTP module 202A; an anaerobic digestion module 202B, a supercritical fluid extraction module 202C; and/or other processes for separating, purifying, treating, altering, mixing, preparing, and processing other materials (e.g., systems and/or methods described herein and/or known to a person skilled in the art for processing, for example, biomass, portions of biomass, biogas, biofuels, biofeeds, petroleum products, hydrogen, water, solvents, other fluids and/or residues, etc.) 202D.

The refiner and/or WRR may contain inputs from the plan: biomass/water slurry and/or biofuel/water slurry 130; biomass, biofeedstock, ethanol, biogas and/or other biofuels 132; biofuels 1062 and/or sludge 128. Refiner and/or WRR may contain outputs in terms of biomass and/or fuel 1046, biomass products, biofeedstock, ethanol, biogas and/or other biofuels 132; water, for example wastewater, FIG. 3.

The additional desalination module 145 may optionally comprise filtration-based and/or distillation-based technologies and/or other desalination-capable technologies containing optional BGUs that can produce fresh water from salt water 402D. The desalination module may also include energy recovery/pressure recovery for plan use, such as in FIG. 23.

The desalination module 145 may contain inputs from the plan: salt water, such as FIG. 3; heat, for example Fig. 2; and/or carbon dioxide, for example FIG. 4. The desalination module may contain outputs to the water plan (for example, drinking water), for example, FIG. 3; brine, for example Fig. 3, bleach, for example FIG. 24K, sea salt, such as FIG. 24K and/or wastewater, such as FIG. 2.

The desalination module 145 may include a brine outlet reset, such as FIG. 2, fig. 24A, which may share some infrastructure with WWTP/BGM 110, 212 and/or thermal unit 108. The brine outlet module may receive inputs from the brine water of the plan, such as FIG. 3 and/or other types of water (eg reduced salinity), such as FIG. 3.

Solar module 230 may provide heat input or output for the plan (eg, FIG. 2).

An optional WWPP module that may include processing, canning, bottling, packaging and/or storage of materials (e.g., processing and/or bottling of water, liquid biomass products and/or other liquids containing fuels, packaging gases and /or processing and/or packaging of solid biomass products) 144.

WWRR may contain inputs to the plan: water, for example, FIG. 3; biomass and/or fuel 1046; and/or processed products, for example FIG. 24K. WWRR may contain outputs for the plan: biomass, fuels (eg biofuels) and/or products (eg biomass and/or products derived from biomass) 1044; and/or wastewater, for example FIG. 3.

The optional recycling/receiving module contains elements for receiving, sorting, recycling and/or other processing of waste (for example, household sanitary waste, hazardous waste, construction waste and/or construction scrap) 206. The reuse/receiving waste module 206 optionally provides outputs in the plan: recycled products (eg Fig. 24K); fuel waste 1030; hazardous waste 1026; (eg FIG. 3) and optionally air into an odor reduction system (eg FIG. 13).

Modules are provided for taking out products manufactured and/or packaged in plan 1044, optionally including: bottled water (eg, FIG. 3); biomass products, biofeedstocks, ethanol, biogas and/or other biofuels 1044, 132, 1058, 1060; bleach (eg Fig. 24K) and/or sea salt (eg Fig. 24K).

Irrigation, firefighting, fountains, and/or lake modules 307 may draw up a plan and may receive input(s) from water in the plan (eg, treated wastewater, such as in FIG. 2).

Optional connections and/or connections, for example between individual modules, blocks, block elements, hardware, components and/or elements, are shown by lines and arrows between them in FIG. 28, and are designated by other position numbers and/or reference numbers of elements in the plan, and are further illustrated in other figures of the invention, and described in this document. Other modules, blocks, block elements, hardware, components and elements, as well as connections and/or connections, not shown in FIG. 28 may be disclosed in other figures and/or in the description of the present invention (eg plan).

In the figures, like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views, unless otherwise indicated. For letter symbol reference numbers such as 102A or 102B, the letter symbol designations may indicate two similar parts or elements shown in the same figure. Lettering for reference numbers may be omitted when the reference numeral can be assumed to encompass all parts having the same reference numerals throughout the figures. In FIG. 6 and/or U.S. Provisional Application No. 62173905, filed June 10, 2015, Appendix 2, shows some of the possible processing steps that can be used in the cultivation and subsequent processing of biomass. In FIG. 2A2E of Appendix 2 shows various process options for producing useful products based on autotrophic, heterotrophic, or mixotrophic cultivation, respectively. These and/or other post-treatment methods can be used to treat biomass. In FIG. 6 shows an example of a BGU with a biomass growing unit element and several possible auxiliary block elements. Any or all of these block elements may be used to incorporate BGUs or other block elements or systems suitable for biomass growing purposes. In US2 0090197322 A1, Fig. 3 of Appendix 2 shows some other examples of major steps involved in post-processing various useful products that can be used to process biomass in the disclosed plan. In FIG. 4-9 of Appendix 2 shows the post-processing to extract useful products consistent with the respective culture products.

- 146 039936

Table 1

Any combinations indicated here are optionally combined:

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refinery module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it, and/or

The thermal plant module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:

- 147 039936

The thermal unit module provides heating and/or cooling for the o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal unit module provides heating and/or cooling for the o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal unit module provides heating and/or cooling for the o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The thermal unit module provides heating and/or cooling for the o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling for a) the BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling to e) the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling for j) a heat/cool storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling to 1) a heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

BGM provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it, and/or

The BGM provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from a o) module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:

The BGM module provides heating and/or cooling for o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

BGM provides heat and/or cooling for o, 2) hydrothermal module

- 148 039936 processing and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

BGM provides heating and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

BGM provides heating and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for

a) BGM and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for

b) a refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to e) the waste treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the product storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for discharge and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:

- 149 039936

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for

about. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The refiner module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The VRPP module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the VRRP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for r) heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it, and/or

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:

- 150 039936

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The BPP module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling to b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling to d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling to 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or

- 151 039936 cooling for w) heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it, and/or

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the o) module, optionally composed of a thermal installation module selected from: The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for the o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The air conditioning/heating module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refinery module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste treatment module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cools it; e) from The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling to the WWRR module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; f) The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cools it; g) from The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; h)

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

- 152 039936

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste processing module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for discharge and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The waste treatment module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:

The recycling module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The recycling module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The recycling module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The recycling module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWPP module provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the RRW module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling to e) the waste treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for f) the WWRR module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for j) storage module

- 153 039936 heat/cooling and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for w) heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling to exhaust and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally composed of a thermal installation module selected from:

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The WWRR module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The product storage module provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The product storage module provides heat and/or cooling for h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The product storage module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

- 154 039936

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat/cool storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for discharge and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The food storage module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to b) the refinery module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to e) the waste treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

- 155 039936

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for discharge and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it, and/or

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from a o) module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from: _________________

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The desalination module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refinery module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

- 156 039936

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for]) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling to 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the o) module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from: _________________ The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for the o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The waste-to-energy module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refinery module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or

- 157 039936 cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for discharge and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the o) module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:________________ The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for the o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The biogas storage module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to a) the BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or

- 158 039936 cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for]) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat/cool storage module provides heat and/or cooling to and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from the heat/cool storage module;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat/cooling storage module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat/cooling storage module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it, and/or

The heat/cooling storage module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the o) module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:________________ The heat/cooling storage module provides heat and/or cooling for the o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat storage/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

Heat/Cool Storage Module provides heat and/or cooling

- 159 039936 for Fr. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/refrigeration module provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling to 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it, and/or

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the o) module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from: _________________ The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for the o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling

- 160 039936 for Fr. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The heat recovery/cooling module provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling for d) an air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the waste processing module;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the heat/cooling storage module;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling for 1) a heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides

- 161 039936 heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling to exhaust and/or recover heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling for o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling for o. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling for o. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or Heat/cooling for off-plan use provides heat and/or cooling for o. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Exhaust heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Discharge heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Exhaust heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the BPP module;

Exhaust heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Discharge heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the waste processing module;

Exhaust heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Discharge heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to g) the product storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Discharge heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Discharge heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Discharge heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Exhaust heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or

- 162 039936 cooling from it;

Discharge heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling to 1) and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the heat recovery/cooling module;

Exhaust heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Outlet heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling for n) outlet heat/cooling and/or recovers and/or cools heat and/or

Exhaust Heat/Cooling provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from a o) module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from: __________________ Exhaust Heat/Cooling provides heat and/or cooling to o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

Outlet heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

Outlet heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

Outlet heat/cooling provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The pyrolysis process module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The pyrolysis process module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refinery module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovering heat and/or cooling from it;_____________________ The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or or cooling from it;

The pyrolysis process module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for e) the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;_________________ The pyrolysis process module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for f) the WWPP module and/or recovering heat and/or cooling from it;_______________________________ The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from him;_______________ Pyrolysis Processes Module, optionally compiled by the module

- 163 039936 thermal plant, provides heat and/or cooling for h) desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; processing waste into energy and/or recovering heat and/or cooling from it;_______ The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it ;__________________ The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed of a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;________________________________________________________________________________ The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed provided by the thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; ) heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or heat recovery and/or cooling from it;

The pyrolysis process module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module selected from:

The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 1) a pyrolysis process module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The pyrolysis process module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recover heat and/or cooling from it, _____________________________________________________________ Hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it ;

Hydrothermal processing module, optionally composed by a module

- 164 039936 thermal plant, provides heat and/or cooling for b) the refinery module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; of the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;_____________________ The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it ;

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from the waste treatment module;_____ The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for f) the WWPP module and/or recovering heat and/or cooling from it;_____________________ The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;_______ The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to i) the waste-to-energy module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; /or cooling for j) the biogas storage module and/or recovering heat and/or cooling from it;_________ The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat/cooling storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for w) heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally constituted by a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module selected from:

- 165 039936

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the island. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the island. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the island. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The hydrothermal treatment module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the island. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for d) an air conditioning/heating module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to e) the waste processing module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to f) the WWPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for h) the desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for i) the waste-to-energy module and/or regenerates

- 166 039936 heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to j) the biogas storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for j) the heat storage/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for w) heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) the module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module selected from: Cellulosic ethanol/butanol module/ isobutanol, optionally composed of a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for o. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and/or regenerates heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally composed of a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally composed of a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module, optionally composed of a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it.

The desorber/condenser module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for a) BGM and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desorber/condenser module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to b) the refiner module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

- 167 039936

The desorber/condenser module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for c) the BPP module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;_____________________ The stripper/condenser module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or or cooling for d) the air conditioning/heating module and/or recovering heat and/or cooling from it;

The desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to the waste treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;_____ The desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and /or cooling for f) the WWPP module and/or recovering heat and/or cooling from it;___________________ The desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for g) the food storage module and/or recovers heat and /or cooling from it;______ Desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for h) desalination module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; thermal installation desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for j) module biogas storage and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;_________ The desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling to j) the heat/cooling storage module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from _________________________________________________________________________ The desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for 1) the heat recovery/cooling module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it; a condenser, optionally constituted by a thermal unit module, provides heat and/or cooling for heat/cooling for off-plan use and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desorber/condenser module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for n) heat/cooling for exhaust and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The desorber/condenser module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from o) a module, optionally constituted by a thermal plant module selected from:

The desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 1) a module for pyrolysis processes and / or recovers heat and / or cooling from it; 2) a hydrothermal treatment module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

The desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 3) cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it, and/or

The desorber/condenser module, optionally composed of a thermal plant module, provides heat and/or cooling for the o.d. 4) desorber/condenser module and/or recovers heat and/or cooling from it;

- 168 039936

table 2

Any combinations indicated here are optionally combined:

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to c) a salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to e) a preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from a fresh water source is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to w) traditional WWTP module

- 169 039936 and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to q) a waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to d) a waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to t) a desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to i) discharge/discharge water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to v) a processing and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from a fresh water source is supplied to w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into b) the fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into the salt water intake c) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to d) the salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to e) the pre-heating/cooling module and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

- 170 039936

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the conventional WWTP module;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the fresh water pretreatment module is fed to q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed to i) the outlet/discharge water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into v) the treatment and/or processing module and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

The water from the fresh water pre-treatment module is fed into the thermal unit w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the salt water intake is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed to b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed to c) the salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed to d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water intake is fed to e) a preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

- 171 039936

Water from the salt water intake is fed to f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water intake is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Salt water intake water is fed to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the salt water intake is fed to j) treatment and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed into w) the traditional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed into n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Salt water intake water is fed to q) waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is supplied to d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water intake is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the salt water intake is fed to and) the outlet/discharge water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water intake is fed into v) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from the salt water intake is fed into the thermal unit w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to b) the fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to c) a salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

- 172 039936

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to d) the salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to e) the pre-heating/cooling module and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the conventional WWTP module;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the salt water pretreatment module is fed to q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed to i) the outlet/discharge water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

- 173 039936

Water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed into ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

The water from the salt water pre-treatment module is fed into the thermal unit w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the preheating/cooling module is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into b) fresh water pretreatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed to d) the salt water pretreatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into e) the preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed to f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed to h) fire fighting and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the conventional WWTP module;

The water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into the refining unit n) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is supplied to the q) module

- 174 039936 waste processing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the preheating/cooling module is fed to i) the outlet/discharge water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

The water from the preheating/cooling module is fed into the heating module w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the water storage module is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is fed into b) fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is supplied to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is fed into d) the salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is fed into e) the preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is fed to f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is fed to h) fire fighting and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is supplied to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the water storage module is fed to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the water storage module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is fed to 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the water storage module is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the conventional WWTP module;

Water from the water storage module is supplied to the refining module

- 175 039936 plant and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the water storage module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the water storage module is supplied to q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the water storage module is supplied to d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is supplied to s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the water storage module is supplied to i) the outlet/discharge water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the water storage module is supplied to v) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or Water from the water storage module is supplied to w) thermal plant module and/or regenerated and /or mixed with water from it.

Irrigation water is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into c) saline water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into e) preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is supplied to f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Irrigation water is supplied to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Irrigation water is supplied to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with lake water;

Irrigation water is fed to j) treatment and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is supplied to w) conventional WWTP module and/or

- 176 039936 is regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is supplied to n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into q) waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is supplied to d) a waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is supplied to s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into t) a desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Irrigation water is fed into and) discharge/output water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Irrigation water is fed into v) treatment and/or processing unit and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Irrigation water is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to a) fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Firefighting water is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Firefighting water is supplied to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Firefighting water is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to e) a preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Firefighting water is supplied to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Firefighting water is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Fire extinguishing water is fed to j) cleaning and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Firefighting water is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or

- 177 039936 mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is fed into the conventional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to n) the refining unit module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Firefighting water is fed into q) waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to d) waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Fire extinguishing water is supplied to t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fire extinguishing water is fed into and) discharge/output water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Fire extinguishing water is fed into v) treatment and/or treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Fire extinguishing water is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

The water from the fountains is fed into a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the fountains is fed into c) a salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is fed into e) preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is supplied to f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is supplied to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is supplied to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is fed into i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with fountain water;

Fountain water is fed to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with lake water;

Fountain water is supplied to j) purification and/or regeneration, and/or

- 178 039936 mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the traditional WWTP module;

Fountain water is supplied to n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is supplied to o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is fed into q) waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is supplied to d) waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is supplied to s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Fountain water is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the fountains is fed into and) the outlet/discharge water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with the water therefrom;

Fountain water is supplied to ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from the fountains is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the lakes is fed into c) saline water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is supplied to e) a preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is fed into f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is supplied to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from lakes is fed to h) firefighting and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from lakes is fed into i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Lake water is supplied to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with lake water;

- 179 039936

Lake water is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the lakes is fed into the conventional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the lakes is supplied to n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the lakes is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from lakes is fed into q) a waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from lakes is fed into d) a waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is supplied to s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is fed into t) a desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the lakes is fed into and) water for release/discharge and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Lake water is supplied to ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

The water from the lakes is fed into the thermal unit w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the treatment is fed into a) a source of fresh water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into e) the preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the treatment is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

- 180 039936

The water from the treatment is fed into j) the treatment and/or regenerated and/or mixed with the water therefrom;

Treatment water is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into t) a traditional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the treatment is fed into i) the outlet/outlet water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with the water therefrom;

Water from the treatment is fed into v) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it, and/or

Water from the purification is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the BGM is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed into c) a salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed to d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed into e) a preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed to f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the BGM is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed to h) firefighting and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the BGM is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with

- 181 039936 water from them;

The water from the BGM is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the BGM is fed into 1) the BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed into w) the traditional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed into n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the BGM is fed into q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the BGM is fed to d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the BGM is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BGM is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the BGM is fed into and) the outlet/discharge water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the BGM is fed into v) a processing and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

The water from the BGM is fed into the thermal unit w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the conventional WWTP module is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed to c) a salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the conventional WWTP module is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed to e) a preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed into f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed to h) fire fighting and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

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Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with their water;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the conventional WWTP module is fed into w) the conventional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the conventional WWTP module is fed to n) the refiner module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed into o) a BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the conventional WWTP module is fed to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the conventional WWTP module is fed to q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the conventional WWTP module is fed to d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from a conventional WWTP module is fed into s) a WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the traditional WWTP module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the conventional WWTP module is fed into and) the outlet/outlet water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the conventional WWTP module is fed into v) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

The water from the conventional WWTP module is fed into the thermal unit w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the refining unit module is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed into b) fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the refining unit module is fed to d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the refining unit module is fed into e) preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed into f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

- 183 039936

Water from the refinery module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refiner module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the refinery module is fed to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the refining unit module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refinery module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refiner module is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the conventional WWTP module;

Water from the refining unit module is fed into n) the refining unit module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed to q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the refinery module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed to i) outlet/outlet water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the refining unit module is fed into ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from the refining unit module is fed into the thermal unit w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the BPP module is fed into a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed into b) fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is supplied to e) pre-treatment module

- 184 039936 heating/cooling and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed into f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the BPP module is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the BPP module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the traditional WWTP module;

Water from the BPP module is fed into n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the BPP module is fed into q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the BPP module is fed into s) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the BPP module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the BPP module is fed to i) the outlet/outlet water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the BPP module is fed into ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from the BPP module is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

- 185 039936

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into e) preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into t) a traditional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into n) a waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the heating and/or cooling module for the plan is supplied to d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is supplied to s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into and) water for discharge/output and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is supplied to ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from heating and/or cooling for the plan is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the waste processing module is supplied to a) fresh water source

- 186 039936 and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into b) fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the refining unit module is fed to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into e) preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed to j) treatment and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into the conventional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into q) the waste treatment unit and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste processing module is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the waste treatment module is fed into and) the water is discharged/discharged and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the waste treatment module is supplied to y) treatment module and/or

- 187 039936 processing and / or regenerated, and / or mixed with water from it, and / or

Water from the waste treatment module is fed into the thermal plant module w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the waste receiving module is supplied to a) fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into b) fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the waste receiving module is fed into d) the salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into e) the preheating/cooling module and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the waste receiving module is fed into f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed to j) treatment and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into w) conventional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the waste receiving module is fed into q) the waste processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the waste receiving module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

- 188 039936

The water from the waste receiving module is supplied to i) the outlet/discharge water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the waste receiving module is supplied to v) treatment and/or recycling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or Water from the waste receiving module is fed to w) thermal plant module and/or regenerated and /or mixed with water from it.

Water from the WWRR module is fed to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWPP module is fed into b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWRR module is fed to c) a salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWPP module is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWPP module is fed into e) the preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWRR module is fed into f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWPP module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWRR module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWRR module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the WWRR module is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the WWRR module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWPP module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWTP module is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the conventional WWTP module;

The water from the WWPP module is fed to n) the refining unit module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWPP module is fed into o) the WWRP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWRR module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWPP module is fed into q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWPP module is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWRR module is fed into s) the WWRR module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

- 189 039936

Water from the WWRR module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the WWRR module is fed to i) outlet/outlet water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the WWPP module is fed into ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from the WWPP module is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the desalination module is fed into a) fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into b) fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed to c) a salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into e) the preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed to h) fire fighting and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the desalination module is fed to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the desalination module is fed to j) treatment and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from the conventional WWTP module;

Water from the desalination module is fed into n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

- 190 039936

Water from the desalination module is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the desalination module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the desalination module is fed into and) the outlet/discharge water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the desalination module is fed into v) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from the desalination module is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the outlet/outlet water is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to b) a fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to c) the salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with the water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to d) a salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to e) a preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/output water is fed to f) a water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/output water is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to h) fire fighting and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

The water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with their water;

The water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the outlet/outlet water is fed into t) the traditional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the outlet/outlet water is fed into the refining unit n) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/output water is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for

- 191 039936 plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to d) a waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to and) the outlet/outlet water and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the outlet/outlet water is supplied to ν) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

The water from the outlet/outlet water is fed to w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the processing and/or processing module is supplied to a) a fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment and/or processing module is fed into b) fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the processing and/or processing module is fed to c) a salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the treatment and/or processing module is fed to d) the salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed into e) the preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment and/or processing module is fed into f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment and/or processing module is fed into w) conventional WWTP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is supplied to the n) module

- 192 039936 refinery and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment and/or processing module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment and/or recycling module is fed into q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the treatment and/or recycling module is fed into d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the processing and/or processing module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the processing and/or processing module is fed into and) the water is discharged/discharged and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

The water from the processing and/or processing module is fed into ν) the processing and/or processing module and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

The water from the processing and/or processing module is fed into the thermal unit w) and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Water from the thermal plant module is supplied to a) fresh water source and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into b) fresh water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed to c) salt water intake and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed to d) the salt water pre-treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into e) the preheating/cooling module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into f) the water storage module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed to g) irrigation and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed to h) fire extinguishing and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed to i) fountains and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

- 193 039936

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into j) lakes and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from them;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed to j) purification and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into 1) BGM and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into the 1WWTP conventional module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the thermal plant module is fed to n) the refinery module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into o) the BPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is supplied to p) heating and/or cooling for the plan and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into q) the waste treatment module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is supplied to d) the waste receiving module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into s) the WWPP module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into t) the desalination module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it;

The water from the thermal plant module is supplied to i) the outlet/output water and/or is regenerated and/or mixed with water therefrom;

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into v) treatment and/or processing module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it and/or

Water from the thermal plant module is fed into w) the thermal plant module and/or regenerated and/or mixed with water from it.

Table 3 Any combinations indicated here are optionally combined:

Thermal plant module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;

The thermal plant module provides carbon dioxide for b) the refinery module;

The thermal plant module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The thermal plant module provides carbon dioxide for d) cleaning/treatment module;

The thermal plant module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

Thermal plant module provides carbon dioxide for module f)

- 194 039936

WWRR;

The thermal plant module provides carbon dioxide for g) the desalination module and/or

The thermal plant module provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

Sludge treatment module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;

The sludge treatment module provides carbon dioxide for b) the refiner module;

The sludge treatment module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The sludge treatment module provides carbon dioxide for d) cleaning/treatment module;

The sludge treatment module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

Sludge treatment module provides carbon dioxide for f) WWPP module;

The sludge treatment module provides carbon dioxide to g) the desalination module and/or

The sludge treatment module provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

The traditional WWTP module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;

The traditional WWTP module provides carbon dioxide for b) the refiner module;

The traditional WWTP module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The traditional WWTP module provides carbon dioxide for d) cleaning/treatment module;

The traditional WWTP module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

The traditional WWTP module provides carbon dioxide for c) the WWPP module;

The traditional WWTP module provides carbon dioxide to g) the desalination module and/or

The traditional WWTP module provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

The carbon dioxide storage module provides carbon dioxide for a) aBGM;

The carbon dioxide storage module provides carbon dioxide for b) the refinery module;

The carbon dioxide storage module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The carbon dioxide storage module provides carbon dioxide for d) cleaning/treatment module;

Carbon Dioxide Storage Module Provides Carbon Dioxide

- 195 039936 for e) carbon dioxide storage module;

The carbon dioxide storage module provides carbon dioxide for f) the WWRR module;

The carbon dioxide storage module provides carbon dioxide for g) the desalination module and/or

The carbon dioxide storage module provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

External carbon dioxide source(s) provides carbon dioxide for a) a BGM;

The external carbon dioxide source(s) provides carbon dioxide for b) the refiner module;

External carbon dioxide source(s) provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

External carbon dioxide source(s) provides carbon dioxide for d) purification/treatment module;

External carbon dioxide source(s) provides carbon dioxide for e) carbon dioxide storage module;

External carbon dioxide source(s) provides carbon dioxide for f) WWRR module;

External carbon dioxide source(s) provides carbon dioxide for g) the desalination module and/or

External carbon dioxide source(s) provides carbon dioxide for h) desalination module and/or

Purification module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;

The purification module provides carbon dioxide for b) the refiner module;

The purification module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The purification module provides carbon dioxide for d) the purification/treatment module;

The purification module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

Purification module provides carbon dioxide for f) WWRR module;

Purification module provides carbon dioxide for g) desalination module and/or

The purification module provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

Refiner module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM; _________________________________________________ Refiner module provides carbon dioxide for b) refiner module;

The refiner module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

Refiner Module Provides Dioxide

- 196 039936 carbon for d) purification/treatment module;

The refiner module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

The refiner module provides carbon dioxide for f) the WWPP module;

The refinery module provides carbon dioxide for g) the desalination module and/or

The refiner module provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

The BPP module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;

The BPP module provides carbon dioxide for b) the refiner module;

The BPP module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The BPP module provides carbon dioxide for d) cleaning/treatment module;

The BPP module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

The VRPP module provides carbon dioxide for f) the VRRP module;

The BPP module provides carbon dioxide for g) the desalination module and/or

The BPP module provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

Supercritical fluid extraction module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;

The supercritical fluid extraction module provides carbon dioxide for b) the refinery module;

The supercritical fluid extraction module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The supercritical fluid extraction module provides carbon dioxide for d) purification/treatment module;

The supercritical fluid extraction module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

The supercritical fluid extraction module provides carbon dioxide for f) WWRR;

The supercritical fluid extraction module provides carbon dioxide for g) the desalination module and/or

The supercritical fluid extraction module provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

The gasification module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;

The gasification module provides carbon dioxide for b) the refinery module;

The gasification module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The gasification module provides carbon dioxide for d) purification/treatment module;

The gasification module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

The gasification module provides carbon dioxide for f) the WWRR module;

- 197 039936

The gasification module provides carbon dioxide to g) the desalination module and/or _______________________________________ The gasification module provides carbon dioxide to h) the exhaust and/or output module.

BGM provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM; ______________________ BGM provides carbon dioxide for b) refining unit module;

BGM provides carbon dioxide for c) BPP module;

BGM provides carbon dioxide for d) purification/treatment module;

BGM provides carbon dioxide for e) carbon dioxide storage module; BGM provides carbon dioxide for f) WWRR module;

BGM provides carbon dioxide to g) desalination module and/or BGM provides carbon dioxide to h) exhaust and/or output module.

Cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM; _______________________________________ Cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module provides carbon dioxide for b) refining unit module;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module provides carbon dioxide for d) purification/treatment module;

The cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

Cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module provides carbon dioxide for f) WWPP module;

Cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module provides carbon dioxide for g) desalination module;_______________________ Cellulosic ethanol/butanol/isobutanol module provides carbon dioxide for h) exhaust and/or output module.___________________ Landfill module provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;____________ Module the landfill provides carbon dioxide for (b) the refinery module;

The landfill module provides carbon dioxide for c) the BPP module;

The landfill module provides carbon dioxide for d) cleaning/treatment module;

The landfill module provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

The landfill module provides carbon dioxide for f) the WWRR module;

The landfill module provides carbon dioxide for g) the desalination module and/or

The landfill module provides carbon dioxide for h) the release and/or output module.

Off-site source(s) provides carbon dioxide for a) BGM;

The off-site source(s) provides carbon dioxide for b) the refiner module;

Off-site source(s) provides carbon dioxide for

c) BPP module;

Off-site source(s) provides carbon dioxide for d) purification/treatment module;

The off-site source(s) provides carbon dioxide for e) the carbon dioxide storage module;

The off-site source(s) provides carbon dioxide to f) the WWRR module;

The off-site source(s) provides carbon dioxide for g) the desalination module and/or

The off-site source(s) provides carbon dioxide for h) the exhaust and/or output module.

- 198 039936

Table 4

Any combinations indicated here are optionally combined:

The desalination module applies pressure to a) the desalination module;

The desalination module supplies pressure to b) the thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant;

The desalination module applies pressure to c) the WWPP module;

The desalination module applies pressure to d) the NTR module(s) or processes; pumping and/or directing a pressurized substance into a transport device;

The desalination module applies pressure to a) the refiner module;

The desalination module pressurizes g) the BPP module and/or

The desalination module applies pressure to h) a power generation module, the system and/or method including: taking fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h.

The thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant supplies pressure to a) the desalination module;

The thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant supplies pressure to b) the thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant;

The thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant supplies pressure to c) the WWPP module;

The thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant supplies pressure to d) the NTR module(s) or processes;

The thermal process and/or pressure process module of a thermal plant supplies pressure to e) the pressure produced to create a movement of substances of any kind in the plan module, due to rotation

- 199 039936 turbine, creating a vacuum, increasing the pressure in the pump and / or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device;

The thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant supplies pressure to g) the BPP module and/or

The thermal process and/or pressure processes module of a thermal plant applies pressure to h) the power generation module, wherein the system and/or method includes: extracting fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h, _________________________________________________________ The WWRR module supplies pressure to a) the desalination module;

The WWPP module supplies pressure to b) the thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant;

The WWRR module supplies pressure to a) the WWRR module;

The WWPP module supplies pressure to d) the NTR module(s) or processes;

The WWRR module applies pressure to e) the pressure produced to create movement of substances of any kind in the plan module, by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; The WWPP module supplies pressure to a) the refiner module; The VRPP module supplies pressure to g) the VRRP module and/or

The WWPP module supplies pressure to h) a power generation module, wherein the system and/or method includes: taking fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h, pressure to a) desalination module;

The NTP module(s) or processes apply pressure to b) the thermal and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant;

The HTP module(s) or processes apply pressure to c) the WWPP module;

STD module(s) or processes apply pressure to d) STD module(s) or processes; rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized material into the transport device;

STD module(s) or processes apply pressure to g) BPP module and/or STD module(s) or processes apply pressure to h) power generation module, the system and/or method comprising: extracting fluid pressure from the module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h, _________________ The pressure produced to create movement of substances of some kind in the plan module, due to the rotation of the turbine, creating a vacuum,

- 200 039936 increasing the pressure in the pump and / or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device supplies pressure to a) the desalination module; pump and/or directing a pressurized substance to a transport device applies pressure to b) a thermal process and/or pressurized process module of a thermal installation; vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing a pressurized substance into a transport device applies pressure to c) the WWPP module; ___________ The pressure produced to create the movement of substances of any kind in the plan module, due to the rotation of the turbine, creating a vacuum, increasing yes pumping and/or directing a pressurized material into a transport device applies pressure to d) the NTR module(s) or processes; in a pump and/or directing a pressurized substance into a conveying device applies pressure to e) the pressure produced to create a movement of substances of some kind in the plan module, by rotating a turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing a substance under pressure to the transport device;_________________________________________________ The pressure generated to create a movement of substances of any kind in the plan module, by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and / or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device, pressurizes f) the refinery module; __________________________________________ The pressure generated to create a movement of substances of some kind in the plan module, by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and / or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device, pressurizes g) the BPP module and / or ________________________________________________________________________ Pressure, produced to create a movement of substances of some kind in the plan module, by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and / or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device, pressurizes h) the power generation module, while the system and / or the method includes: taking a fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h, The refiner module applies pressure to a) a desalination module;

The refiner module applies pressure to b) the thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant;

Refiner module pressurizes d) module(s)

- 201 039936 or NTR processes;

The refining unit module supplies pressure to e) the pressure generated to create movement of substances of some kind in the plan module by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and/or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; pressurizes f) the refining unit module;

The refining unit module applies pressure to g) the BPP module and/or the Refiner unit applies pressure to h) the energy production module, the system and/or method including: extracting fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h,_________________ The BPP module supplies pressure to a) the desalination module;

The BPP module supplies pressure to b) the thermal process and/or pressure process module of the thermal plant; ____________________________ The BPP module supplies pressure to c) the WWRP module;

The BPP module supplies pressure to d) the HTP module(s) or processes;

The BPP module applies pressure to e) the pressure produced to create movement of substances of some kind in the plan module, by rotating the turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing the pump and / or directing the pressurized substance into the transport device; _________ The BPP module applies pressure to a) refining unit module;

The BPP module supplies pressure to g) the BPP module and/or

The BPP module supplies pressure to a power generation module, wherein the system and/or method includes: taking fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h, into itself: taking fluid pressure from module a-h and directing part of said fluid pressure to another module a-h supplies pressure to a) a desalination module; and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h applies pressure to b) a thermal process and/or pressure process module of a thermal plant; the direction of the part is indicated the fluid pressure to the other module a-h applies pressure to c) the WWPP module;

The power generation module of the system and/or a method comprising: taking fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h applies pressure to d) the CHP module(s) or processes;_____________________ The system power generation module and /or a method including: taking fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h applies pressure to e) the pressure produced to create movement of substances of some kind in the plan module, due to rotating a turbine, creating a vacuum, pressurizing a pump, and/or directing a pressurized substance into a transport device; to another module a-h supplies pressure to f) refining unit module;_____________ __________ System power generation module and/or method comprising: taking fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h applies pressure to g) BPP module and/or ______________________________________ System power generation module and/or method , including: extracting fluid pressure from module a-h and directing part of said fluid pressure to another module a-h supplies pressure to h) power generation module, wherein the system and/or method includes: extracting fluid pressure from module a-h and directing a portion of said fluid pressure to another module a-h,

Claims (10)

CLAIM 1. System containing: a) a biomass growth module (BGM) configured to grow biomass and discharge a BGM effluent containing a plurality of BGM effluent components, wherein at least one of the plurality of BGM effluent components is biomass; b) a thermal plant module configured to produce energy by combustion with an exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide to feed with BGM fuel for growing biomass; wherein the system is configured to purify the BGM effluent in whole or in part by means of heat from the thermal plant module, and wherein the system is configured such that a significant portion of the carbon content of the BGM effluent is provided by exhaust gas. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the BGM is configured to supply BGM feedwater, which is optionally pre-treated and comprises: a) salt water; b) fresh water; c) high salinity water; d) waste water; e) any source of water; f) other type(s) of water and/or g) their combination; wherein the system is optionally configured to treat the BGM feedwater in a primary treatment process, also referred to as primary treatment, prior to being fed to the BGM; optionally, the pretreatment process includes: a) cleaning from mechanical impurities; b) screening; c) settling; d) adding chemicals and/or e) other means to prepare water for introduction into the BGM; wherein preferably the sludge from the primary treatment process is optionally intended to be fed to the gasification module. 3. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: (a) the BGM is capable of producing biofuel, wherein the biofuel feeds the thermal plant module either directly or after further processing; (b) the system is configured to optionally treat the BGM effluent prior to optional refueling of the thermal plant module, and the system is optionally configured to supply the BGM effluent to the gasification module, the BPP module, and/or the WWPP module, the system being configured to the possibility of treating the BGM effluent by: a) tertiary processing module; b) a gravity thickener for concentrating and separating the BGM effluent; c) dilution module; - 203 039936 d) refiner module; e) processing and/or f) heat recovery module; optionally, the tertiary treatment module is configured to supply the biomass/water slurry to the gravity thickener to concentrate, separate, and/or dilute the BGM effluent. 4. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: (a) the thermal plant module is configured to optionally provide heat and/or cooling for the following: a) refining unit module; b) BPP module; c) biomass products; d) WWRR module; e) BGM; f) gasification module; g) biofuel processing and/or h) desalination module; (b) the water resulting from the tertiary treatment is sent for water reuse and/or optional recycling to the BGM; (c) a gravity thickener for concentrating, separating and/or diluting the BGM effluent includes: a) yield of water, biomass and/or extract; b) output of treated biomass/water slurry (also referred to as BGM effluent) and/or c) water outlet; (d) any portion of the treated biomass/water slurry is sent to: a) refiner module and/or b) gasification module; (e) water, biomass and/or an extract thereof is fed to the BPP module and/or (f) the water outlet from the gravity thickener to concentrate, separate and/or dilute the BGM effluent is sent for water reuse. 5. The system according to any one of claims 3 or 4, in which: (a) the BPP module contains: a) biomass product yields, optionally sent to the WWPP module; b) outputs of heat, water and/or carbon dioxide, optionally recycled, and/or c) residues, optionally sent to the refiner module; (b) the refiner module is configured to receive optional inputs selected from: a) other source(s) of biomass; b) other waste and/or c) pressure; (c) the refiner module has optional inputs selected from: a) bio-raw materials; b) biofuels; c) water and/or d) residues; optionally, the biofeedstock and/or biofuel outlets from the refiner module serve wholly or partly as the BGM effluent effluent, the outlet optionally feeding the thermal unit module with fuel; and preferably the biofeedstock and/or biofuel outputs from the refinery module are subjected to additional steps selected from the following prior to optional fueling of the thermal plant module: a) heat recovery module and/or b) processing; wherein the respective refining unit module produces residues which are optionally sent to the gasification module. 6. The system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, in which the gasification module is configured to provide biogas output; while the system is optionally additionally configured to further process the biogas output and/or optionally supply fuel to the thermal plant module partially or completely using the biogas output; - 204 039936 at the same time, the gasification module is also configured to ensure the output of residues, optionally for their supply to the BGM. 7. A system according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the water outlet of the refiner module is directed to an optional heat and/or pressure recovery module; optionally, the heat and/or pressure recovery module is configured to produce a water outlet, wherein the water is reused. 8. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal unit is configured to provide power to the system. 9. System containing: a) a biomass growth module (BGM) configured to grow biomass and discharge a BGM effluent containing a plurality of BGM effluent components, wherein at least one of the plurality of BGM effluent components is biomass; b) a thermal plant module configured to produce energy by combustion with an exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide to feed with BGM fuel for growing biomass; wherein the system is configured to purify the BGM effluent in whole or in part by means of heat from the thermal plant module, and wherein the system is configured such that a significant portion of the carbon content of the BGM effluent is provided by exhaust gas; wherein the BGM comprises one or more Biomass Growth Units (BGUs) selected from the following configurations: a) single; b) double serial; c) double parallel; d) double, connected in parallel; e) sequential downtime, networked, and/or f) integrated, networked. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein one or more of the BGUs is: a) autotrophic BGU; b) heterotrophic BGU and/or c) mixotrophic BGU; wherein optionally any of the BGUs may share and/or exchange inputs and/or outputs, optionally including: a) carbon dioxide; b) oxygen; c) water; d) nutrients; e) biomass; f) growth environment; g) solvent; h) carbon source; i) nitrogen or other gases and/or j) light source(s).