EA039882B1 - Underwater vehicle power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in electrical power systems of underwater vehicles with high endurance and range. The technical result of the invention is increasing the range, endurance and security of an underwater vehicle. The technical result is achieved by that a power supply system of an underwater vehicle is supplemented by a capsule with positive buoyancy, in which an electric generator of the ring type with magnetoelectric excitation is placed, in the cavity of the rotor of which propeller blades are placed, a stator winding of the generator is connected to a rectifier. The rectifier is connected by an electromechanical cable to a charger, the output of which is connected to an accumulator battery. To increase the flow rate of water entering the propeller blades, a conical nozzle is installed at the capsule inlet. The electromechanical cable is wound on a drum placed in an unpressurized compartment of the underwater vehicle. When charging the battery, the electromechanical cable is unwound, the capsule with the electric generator is located in the upper layers of the sea stream, which have the highest speed, and after the battery is charged, the electromechanical cable is wound on the drum and the capsule is drawn into the unpressurized compartment of the underwater vehicle, where the drum with the electromechanical cable is installed.

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in electric power systems of underwater vehicles with a large autonomy and cruising range.

Known Power supply system for a remotely controlled underwater vehicle from a carrier vessel (RF Patent No. 46611. IPC: H01Q; B60L; V63N, publ. 10.07.2005, B.I. No. 19), containing an input converter, the input of which is connected to the network, inverter device, power transformer, cable-cable. AC electrical energy from the carrier ship is transmitted to the underwater vehicle using a cable-rope, the supply end of which is connected to the primary windings of a matching transformer installed on the underwater vehicle. The secondary windings of the matching transformer are connected to controlled rectifiers. The output of one of the controlled rectifiers is connected to the power supply terminals of the underwater vehicle equipment, and the output of the second controlled rectifier is connected to a DC converter, the output of which is connected to the power supply terminals of the underwater vehicle equipment.

In this underwater vehicle power supply system, the transmission of electrical energy from the carrier ship to the underwater vehicle is carried out via an electric cable that constantly connects the carrier ship and the underwater vehicle and has the following disadvantages: the diving depth, autonomy and cruising range of the underwater vehicle are limited, and the value electrical energy transmitted to the board of the underwater vehicle through an electrical cable; there is no stealth operation of the underwater vehicle.

A device for contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object is known (RF Patent No. 2502170. IPC: H02J3, publ. the capacitor and the primary side of the increased frequency transformer placed on the carrier vessel. The secondary side of the increased frequency transformer, rectifier, smoothing reactor and output capacitor are placed on the underwater object. The transformer is made with a split core of the magnetic core.

The transmission of electrical energy to the board of the underwater vehicle is carried out through the non-magnetic gap of the ferromagnetic core of the transformer located in the detachable docking station, with mechanical contact of the mating parts of the docking station.

The known device has the following disadvantages: a decrease in the efficiency and reliability of the power supply of underwater vehicles due to an increase in the magnetization current of the transformer, an increase in power losses caused by the appearance of foreign objects on the mating surfaces of the docking station - shells, algae, etc.; limiting the autonomy and cruising range of the underwater vehicle due to the need for the carrier vessel to be in the area of operation of the underwater vehicle for periodic replenishment of the energy of the underwater vehicle.

Closest to the claimed invention is a Device for the maintenance and repair of underwater cable communication lines. (Patent RF No. 2389638. IPC: B63C; H02G; F03B, publ. 05.20.2010).

The device contains a floating wave energy source, an air turbine, an electric generator, a cable-cable, a storage battery and two electric motors. Structurally, the floating wave energy source consists of three pontoons pivotally connected to each other, perceiving vibrations of sea waves and is an anchored sea wave energy converter equipped with a water anchor consisting of a flat circle with braces. On one of the pontoons there is a container for air injection, an air turbine and an electric generator, the shaft of which is mechanically connected to the shaft of the air turbine. The cable-rope is mechanically and electrically connected to the electric generator and the submersible.

Rising or falling, the wave, respectively, pushes or sucks air into the container. The movement of the air column in this case sets in motion an air turbine and an electric generator. The electric generator generates electrical energy, which is transmitted through the cable-rope to the battery and the electric motor of the underwater vehicle. In addition, the generated electrical energy is transferred to a propulsion motor mounted on one of the pontoons to move the body of the floating wave energy source after the underwater vehicle.

The disadvantages of the known device, taken as a prototype, are: limiting the speed of movement of the underwater vehicle; lack of secrecy of the operation of the underwater vehicle and the possibility of disconnecting from the floating wave energy source, if necessary, due to the constant mechanical and electrical connection of the underwater vehicle with the floating wave energy source during the entire time of operation of the underwater vehicle; low efficiency of converting wave energy into electrical energy, low reliability and durability due to the presence of a large number of intermediate converters of wave energy into electrical energy and the need for additional generation of electrical energy transmitted to the propulsion motor to move the body of the floating wave energy source after the underwater vehicle.

The objective of the invention is to create an autonomous power supply system for an underwater vehicle, providing it with electrical energy without limiting the speed and range of movement.

- 1 039882

The technical result is to increase the range, autonomy and secrecy of the underwater vehicle.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a capsule, a drum, a rectifier and a charger are additionally introduced into the power supply system of the underwater vehicle, which contains an electric generator, a cable-cable, a storage battery, and the cable-cable is mechanically and electrically connected to the electric generator and the underwater vehicle, with In this case, the capsule is made with sealed cavities and an internal through cavity in which an electric generator is installed with a winding placed on the stator and permanent magnets placed on the outer surface of the rotor, and propeller blades are fixed to the inner surface of the rotor and to the rotor hub, the capsule is equipped with a conical nozzle of the form installed at the entrance of the internal through cavity, the stator winding of the electric generator is connected to the rectifier, the cable-rope is mechanically fixed on one side to the capsule, and on the other - to the drum, which is located in the unpressurized compartment of the underwater vehicle and is equipped with an electromechanical driven, the cable-rope is electrically connected on one side to a rectifier placed in the capsule, and on the other side is connected through a sealed input to the input of the charger, the output of which is connected to the battery, which, together with the charger, is placed in the sealed compartment of the underwater vehicle.

Significant differences that allow to realize the technical result:

the efficiency of converting wave energy into electrical energy is increased due to the placement of the propeller blades inside the body of the electric generator and the installation of a conical nozzle at the inlet of the internal through cavity of the capsule;

increased autonomy, range and secrecy of the operation of the underwater vehicle due to the fact that the underwater vehicle is equipped with its own electric generator, placed in a capsule connected to the underwater vehicle by a cable-cable, and made with sealed cavities, providing it with positive buoyancy.

After the end of the battery charge, the capsule with the electric generator is removed into the unpressurized compartment of the underwater vehicle and does not interfere with the movement of the underwater vehicle at the required speed.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in fig. 1 shows a diagram of the electromechanical connection of an underwater vehicle and a capsule with an electric generator and the following designations are introduced:

- underwater vehicle

- capsule,

- electric generator,

- drum,

- cable-rope,

- rectifier,

- Charger,

- conical nozzle

- leaky submersible compartment,

- electromechanical drum drive,

- accumulator battery,

- sealed compartment of the underwater vehicle;

in fig. 2 shows a structural diagram of a capsule with an electric generator and the following designations are introduced:

- propeller blades,

- rotor hub,

- electric generator rotor (permanent magnet inductor),

- the stator of the electric generator with a winding,

- sealed cavities;

in fig. 3 shows the electrical connection diagram of the power supply system of the underwater vehicle and the following designations are introduced:

- underwater vehicle

- capsule,

- electric generator,

- cable-rope,

- rectifier,

- Charger,

- accumulator battery.

The submersible power supply system includes an underwater vehicle 1, a capsule 2 with an electric generator 3, a drum 4 with a cable-cable 5, a rectifier 6, a charger 7, a capsule 2 is equipped with a conical nozzle 8, the stator winding of the electric generator 3 is connected to the rectifier 6, the cable -cable 5 is mechanically fixed on one side to the capsule 2, and on the other side - 2 039882 to the drum 4, which is placed in a non-pressurized compartment 9 inside the underwater vehicle 1 and is equipped with an electromechanical drive 10, the cable-cable 5 is electrically connected on one side to the rectifier 6, placed in capsule 2, and on the other hand is connected through a sealed input to the input of the charger 7, the output of which is connected to the battery 11, which, together with the charger 7, is placed in the sealed compartment 12 of the underwater vehicle 1. The propeller blades 13 are fixed on the hub 14 and on the inner surface of the rotor 15. Rotor 15 with permanent magnets is installed in the bore of the stator and 16 with winding. Capsule 2 contains sealed cavities 17 to ensure positive buoyancy of capsule 2 together with electric generator 3.

The power supply system of the underwater vehicle operates as follows.

Before charging the battery, the underwater vehicle 1 moves into the area of the ocean with a speed of the sea current sufficient to effectively charge the battery. These can be areas of tidal currents, straits, natural narrowing of the underwater relief, where the speed of the sea current is higher than the speed of the current at the level of the water surface. The underwater vehicle 1 lies on the seabed, the electromechanical drive 10 rotates the drum 4, the cable-rope 5 unwinds, and the capsule 2, due to the presence of sealed cavities 17, rises up and reaches the layers of the sea flow with the highest speed. The sea flow enters the conical nozzle 8, accelerates and hits the propeller blades 13 and sets it into rotation. Together with the blades of the screw 13 and the hub 14, the rotor (inductor) 15 also rotates. The magnetic flux of the rotor 15 crosses the conductors of the stator winding 16 and induces an electromotive force (EMF) in them. The voltage from the stator winding of the electric generator 3 is supplied to the input of the rectifier 6, and then through the cable-cable 5 enters the sealed compartment 12 of the underwater vehicle 1 to the input of the charger 7. The voltage from the output of the charger 7 is supplied to the battery 11 and charges it. At the end of the charge of the battery 11, the electromechanical drive 10 of the drum 4 is turned on, the cable-cable 5 is wound onto the drum 4, the capsule 2 is drawn into the leaky compartment 9. The electromechanical drive 10 is turned off. After that, the underwater vehicle 1 is ready to continue operation in the normal mode.

An example of calculating the main parameters of the power supply system of an underwater vehicle.

The power Pg generated by the electric generator is determined taking into account the efficiency of the generator and propeller [1]:

F _r ^- η _Γ * yv * Pt where P _p - power of the sea stream entering the propeller blades, W;

Pg - generator efficiency, pg value = 0.85-0.95;

P _in - the efficiency of the screw, the value of p _in \u003d 0.5-0.7.

The power of the sea flow entering the propeller blades is calculated by the formula given in [1]:

Λι=ρ β Ω Η, W, where:

ρ - the density of water is 1000 kg / m ³ ;

g - free fall acceleration is equal to 9.81 m / s ² ;

Q - water consumption, m ³ / s;

H - velocity head of the sea stream, m;

Q=S _T * "n;

S _t - cross-sectional area through which the sea flow passes on the propeller blades, m ² ;

and _n is the speed of the sea flow through the propeller blades, m/s.

The velocity head of the sea flow H can be determined by the formula:

H \u003d? L / 2 _e .

Taking into account the values of the parameters given above, the power of the sea flow can be determined by the formula:

Ρ _π ⁼ θ.5 ρ Sr y, W

Let's set the parameters for calculating the power of an electric generator:

propeller blade diameter size D=0.5 m;

sea flow speed and _n = 3.084 m/s = 11.1 km/h;

water density ρ=1000 kg/m ³ .

The area S _t is determined taking into account the known value of the diameter of the propeller blades D: S _t \u003d k«D ² /4 \u003d 0.1963 m ² .

Let us determine the power of the sea flow entering the propeller cavity without a conical nozzle:

Ρ _π \u003d 0.5 ρ S _T * "n \u003d 0.5<000 0.1963 υ ³ \u003d 98.17 υ ³ Βτ.

The power value P _p is in fact the limiting value of the power that can be obtained from an electric generator without taking into account losses in the electric generator and turbine at a given sea flow velocity, propeller size and the absence of a conical nozzle on the capsule.

- 3 039882

The power generated by the electric generator Р _g , taking into account the minimum possible values of the efficiency of the generator pg \u003d 0.9 and the propeller (turbine) pv \u003d 0.5, in this case will be:

With the value of the sea flow velocity in the screw cavity and _n = 3.084 m/s, the electric generator is capable of generating power:

44.17 3.084 ³ \u003d 44.17 29.332 \u003d 1295W \u003d 1.295 kW \u003d 1.3 kW.

It is known from physics [2] that in a stationary fluid flow, the velocity of its particles through different cross sections of the pipe is inversely proportional to the areas of these sections.

This means that when a nozzle of a conical shape is installed and the ratio of the diameter of the inlet of the nozzle to the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle is equal, for example, to 2:1, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the inlet and outlet of the nozzle will be 4:1, therefore, the speed of the sea flow in the propeller cavity when such a nozzle is installed will increase 4 times in relation to the speed of the sea flow outside the capsule. Thus, when installing a conical nozzle on the capsule, the electric generator is able to generate a power equal to 1.3 kW, with a sea flow velocity outside the capsule equal to only 3.08/4=0.77 m/s=2.134 km/h. It is quite obvious that this significantly expands the areas of the marine ocean water area suitable for efficient battery charging. For a day, such an electric generator with a conical nozzle at a sea flow velocity equal to

2.134 km / h, will transfer 31.08 kWh of energy to charge the battery.

Information about the speed of sea currents is given in [3] and [4].

The table shows the velocities of some sea currents indicated in [3] and [4]. ______ The value of the speed of some sea currents _______

Ν n/n Current name Speed, km/h one Gulfstream 6 2 The course of Cape Agulhas up to 7.5 3 Florida 6.5 four Japanese (Kuroshio) until 6 5 East Australian up to 5.7

The values of the speed of sea currents, given in the table, quite convincingly indicate the possibility of effective use of the proposed system of power supply of the underwater vehicle in almost most of the world's oceans.

Let's define the main dimensions of the electric generator.

The speed of rotation of the screw, and hence the speed of rotation of the rotor of the electric generator, can be determined by the formula given in [1]:

n \u003d rc / b, rev / s, where h is the pitch of the screw.

We take the ratio of the screw pitch h to the diameter h/D=1.1, determine the value of the screw pitch h=(h/D)-D=1.1 -0.5=0.55 m.

The speed of rotation of the rotor of the electric generator is n \u003d c _p / y \u003d 3.084 / 0.55 \u003d 5.607 rpm / s \u003d 336.42 rpm

It is known from the theory of electrical machines [5] that the main dimensions of an electrical machine are related to the electromagnetic power of the machine by the relation:

D ² 1= R _em ·60/(η· k· A· B _{b max} ), where D ² l-volume limited by the active surface of the bore of the stator of the electric generator;

R _em - electromagnetic power of the electric generator, VA;

A - linear load of the electric generator, A / m;

B _δ max - induction in the gap between the magnetic circuits of the stator and rotor, T;

n - rotor speed, rpm;

k - coefficient;

l - length (thickness of a set of electrical steel) of the magnetic circuit of the generator stator, m.

For AC machines [5]:

k=d ² kB/2.

Since _kob of AC machines for the first harmonic is on average close to the value of yob-0.92, then k = 6.43.

It follows from the above calculation that the electromagnetic power of the electric generator [5] should be at least Р _em = Р _g /pg = 1300/0.9 = 1444 VA at a rotor speed equal to n = 336 rpm.

Taking into account the recommendations given in [5], we accept the values B _{δ max} =0.6 T, A=1.3H0 ⁴ A/m.

D ² I \u003d 1444 60 / (336 6.43 * 0.6 1.3 * 10 ⁴ ) \u003d 51.41 * 10' ⁴ m ³ .

- 4 039882

Since the diameter value has already been accepted earlier, D = 0.5 m, the length of the magnetic circuit of the stator of the electric generator will be:

1 \u003d 51.4140 ^ / 0.25 \u003d 20540 ^-4 m \u003d 2.05 cm.

The dimensions of the generator are quite acceptable for its use as part of a capsule, which, during the normal operation of the underwater vehicle, should be located in the unpressurized compartment of the underwater vehicle and occupy a relatively small volume of this compartment.

Based on the foregoing, it can be seen that the proposed power supply system for the underwater vehicle makes it possible to provide:

increasing the range, autonomy and secrecy of the underwater vehicle;

increasing the efficiency of converting the energy of the sea current into electrical energy;

effective charging of the battery of the underwater vehicle in many areas of the world's oceans.

References.

1. Kuskov A.I. Development and research of a mobile hydroturbine plant for power supply and water supply of agricultural facilities. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. Specialty 05.20.02. Moscow. 2015

2. Farber F.E. Physics: textbook. allowance. Higher school, 1979. 320 p.

3. Atlas of the oceans. Pacific Ocean. Moscow: Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography. Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1974. 288 p.

4. Atlas of the oceans. Straits of the oceans. M. Navy. 1993. 392 p.

5. Voldek A.I. Textbook for students of higher education. tech. educational establishments. 2nd edition, revised. and additional L: Energy, 1974. 840 p.

Claims (1)

CLAIM An underwater vehicle power supply system, comprising an electric generator, a cable cable, a storage battery, wherein the cable cable is mechanically and electrically connected to the electric generator and the underwater vehicle, characterized in that a capsule, a drum, a rectifier and a charger are additionally introduced into the system, while the capsule is made with sealed cavities and an internal through cavity in which an electric generator is installed with a winding placed on the stator and permanent magnets placed on the outer surface of the rotor, and propeller blades are fixed to the inner surface of the rotor and to the rotor hub, the capsule is equipped with a conical nozzle mounted at the inlet of the internal through cavity, the stator winding of the electric generator is connected to the rectifier, the cable-rope is mechanically fixed on one side to the capsule, and on the other - to the drum, which is located in the unpressurized compartment of the underwater vehicle and is equipped with an electromechanical drive, electric On the one hand, the cable-cable is connected to the rectifier located in the capsule, and on the other hand, it is connected through a sealed input to the input of the charger, the output of which is connected to the storage battery, which, together with the charger, is placed in the sealed compartment of the underwater vehicle.