EA036101B1 - Glass for autonomous car - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns an automotive glazing comprising (i) at least one glass sheet having an absorption coefficient lower than 5 min the wavelength range from 750 to 1050 nm and having an external face and an internal face, and (ii) an infrared filter. According to the present invention, an infrared-based remote sensing device in the wavelength range from 750 to 1050 nm, and preferably in the wavelength range from 750 to 950 nm, is placed on the internal face of the glass sheet in a zone free of the infrared filter layer.

Description

The invention relates to glass containing a device for remote measurement of parameters based on infrared radiation and, in particular, LiDAR sensors. More specifically, the present invention relates to glass containing a new generation of LiDAR sensors for integration into an autonomous vehicle.

There is a trend today to use more and more autonomous vehicles so that they can be fully used in the future. For example, an autonomous car of the future, which is also called an autonomous car, a car with an automatic control system, a robotic car, is a car that can measure the parameters of its environment and be controlled without human intervention.

Autonomous vehicles record their surroundings using radar, LiDAR (short for Light Detection And Ranging), GPS, odometry and computer vision. Advanced control systems interpret information from sensors to determine appropriate navigation paths as well as obstacles and associated signs and symbols. Autonomous vehicles have control systems capable of analyzing data from sensors to differentiate between different vehicles on the road, which is very helpful in planning a route to a desired destination.

Autonomous vehicles today contain mushroom-shaped LiDAR sensors located throughout the metal body of the vehicle. These mushrooms, for example, are located on the roof or on the rearview mirror of a car. In addition to being unaesthetic, they are bulky and take up a lot of space, which is inconsistent with the expectations of car designers preparing a future car design with a very smooth and rounded line incompatible with external sensors. LiDAR sensors can also be placed on the bumper.

A windshield with built-in LiDAR is also known. However, the new generation of LiDAR is incompatible with coated glass, while conventional glass coated glass, and in particular coated windshield, is increasingly being used by car manufacturers, for example for thermal comfort.

Thus, there is a need for an alternative to the use of bulky and unaesthetic LiDAR sensors, such as mushrooms for autonomous vehicles or LiDAR on the bumper.

In accordance with the present invention, infrared remote sensing LiDAR sensors are a new generation LIDAR based on scanning, rotating or solid state lidars that provide a three-dimensional display of the environment around the vehicle. Thus, the IR sensor allows an accurate mapping of the vehicle's surroundings, which is used to correctly control the autonomous vehicle and prevent any collision with an obstacle.

LiDAR (also spelled Lidar, LIDAR or LADAR) is a technology that measures distance by illuminating a target with laser light. They are, in particular, scanning, rotating or solid-state lidars. Scanning or rotating lasers protrude all over the metal body of the car, while solid-state LiDAR emits pulses of light that are reflected off objects.

Thus, there is a need today for an infrared (IR) -based remote sensing device / sensor capable of detecting objects and making a 3D map of the environment around a vehicle, such as a LiDAR installed inside an autonomous vehicle, and in particular on a windshield. The infrared sensor allows for an accurate mapping of the vehicle's surroundings, which is used to correctly control the autonomous vehicle and prevent any collision with an obstacle.

Thus, prior art solutions cannot meet the requirements for a new generation of LiDAR, in particular since glass with an integrated lidar was not considered as a possible solution.

There is currently no solution that allows the infrared signal to pass either through the body of a car or through glass parts such as the windscreen or rear window of a car with sufficient intensity.

Thus, the present invention proposes a solution in which a new generation LiDAR sensor can be embedded inside an autonomous vehicle, combining high detection range, minimal design changes and higher safety.

This solution is possible by integrating a LiDAR sensor on a windshield or car glazing that exhibits sufficient infrared transmission for the sensor to function properly.

For simplicity, the numbering of glass sheets in the following description refers to the numbering conventionally used for glazing. Thus, the surface of the glazing that is in contact with the environment outside the vehicle is known as side 1, and the surface in contact with the interior, i.e. the passenger compartment, is called surface 2. For laminated glazing, the glass sheet in contact with the environment of the vehicle

- 1 036101 of the means is known as side 1, and the surface in contact with the interior, namely the passenger compartment, is called surface 4.

For the avoidance of doubt, the terms exterior and interior refer to the orientation of the glazing during installation as a glazing in a vehicle.

Also, for the avoidance of doubt, the present invention is applicable to all modes of transport such as automobile, train, airplane, etc.

Thus, the present invention relates to automotive glazing comprising:

a) at least one glass sheet having an absorption coefficient below 5 m ^-1 in the wavelength range from 750 to 1050 nm and having an outer surface and an inner surface,

b) infrared filter.

In accordance with the present invention, a remote sensing device based on infrared radiation in the wavelength range of 750 to 1050 nm is placed on the inner surface of the glass sheet in an area not containing an infrared filter.

In accordance with the present invention, the glass sheet has an absorption coefficient below 5 m ^-1 in the wavelength range of 750 to 1050 nm. To quantify the low absorption of a glass sheet in the infrared range, the absorption coefficient is used in the present specification in the wavelength range of 750 to 1050 nm. The absorption coefficient is determined by the ratio of absorption to the length of the optical path traveled by electromagnetic radiation in a given environment. It is expressed in m ^-1 . Therefore, it is independent of the thickness of the material, but it depends on the wavelength of the absorbed radiation and the chemical nature of the material.

In the case of glass, the absorption coefficient (μ) at the selected wavelength λ can be calculated using the measured transmittance (T) as well as the refractive index n of the material (thick = thickness), with the values of n, ρ and T being dependent on the selected wavelength λ :

[- (1 - pf + y ^f (lp) ⁴ + <r ² .₽ ^Z · μ - —-—-. Hi; --------- tnicfc 2. T. p “where ρ = ( n-1) ² / (n + 1) ² .

The glass sheet according to the present invention preferably has an absorption coefficient in the 750-1050 nm wavelength range commonly used in optical technologies related to the present invention, which is very low compared to conventional glasses (such as the aforementioned transparent glass for which such coefficient is in the order of 30 m ^-1 ). In particular, the glass sheet according to the present invention has an absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 750 to 1050 nm lower than 5 m ^-1 .

Preferably, the glass sheet has an absorption coefficient of less than 3 m ^-1 , or even less than 2 m ^-1 , and even more preferably less than 1 m ^-1 , or even less than 0.8 m ^-1 .

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glass sheet has an absorption coefficient in the wavelength range of 750 to 950 nm.

Low absorption presents the additional advantage that the final IR transmission is less affected by the optical path in the material. This means that for sensors with a large field of view (FOV) with large aperture angles, the intensity perceived from different angles (in different areas of the image) will be more uniform, especially if the sensor is optically coupled to the glass.

Thus, when an autonomous vehicle encounters an unexpected driving environment that is not suitable for autonomous operation, such as a road construction or an obstacle, vehicle sensors through the glazing according to the invention can collect vehicle and unexpected environment data for control, including images, radar data. and LiDAR, etc. The received data can be sent to a remote operator. The remote operator can manually control the vehicle remotely or issue commands to the autonomous vehicle to be executed on various vehicle systems. Received data sent to a remote operator can be optimized to save bandwidth, for example by sending a limited portion of the received data set.

In accordance with the present invention, the glass sheet is made of glass which can be of various types, with the feature having an absorption coefficient of less than 5 m ^-1 in the wavelength range of 750 to 1050 nm. Thus, the glass can be of the soda-calcium-silicate type, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, etc.

Preferably, the glass sheet having a high near infrared transmittance is ultra clear glass.

Preferably, the basic composition of the glass according to the present invention provides a total content, expressed as a weight percent of glass:

- 2 036101

SiO ₂ 55-85%: A1 ₂ 0z 0-30%; В ₂ 0з 0-20%; Na ₂ O 0-25%; CaO 0-20%; MgO 0-15%; K ₂ O 0-20%; Bao 0-20%.

More preferably, the base composition of the glass according to the present invention has the following content, expressed as a percentage, based on the total weight of the glass:

SiO ₂ 55-78%; A1 ₂ 0z 0-18%; В ₂ 0з 0-18%; Na ₂ O 0-20%; CaO 0-15%; MgO 0-10%; K ₂ O 0-10%; Bao 0-5%.

More preferably, for reasons of lower manufacturing costs, at least one glass sheet in accordance with the present invention is made of soda-lime glass. Advantageously, according to this embodiment, the basic composition of the glass is characterized by a percentage, based on the total weight of the glass:

SiO ₂ 60-75%: A1 ₂ 0z 0-6%; В ₂ 0з 0-4%; CaO 0-15%; MgO 0-10%; Na ₂ O 5-20%; K ₂ O 0-10%; Bao 0-5%.

In addition to its basic composition, glass can contain other components adapted according to the nature and magnitude of the desired effect.

The solution proposed in the present invention for obtaining a very transparent glass in high infrared (IR) radiation, which has little or no effect on its aesthetic properties or color, is to combine in the glass composition low amounts of iron and chromium in a range of certain contents.

Thus, according to the first embodiment, the glass sheet preferably has a composition which is characterized by a percentage based on the total weight of the glass:

Total Fe content (in terms of Fe ₂ 0g) 0.002-0.06%

Cr ₂ O ₃ 0.0001-0.06%.

Such glass compositions, combining low levels of iron and chromium, have shown particularly good infrared reflection characteristics and exhibit high transparency in visible light and a subtle hue, similar to glass called super-transparent. These compositions are described in international applications WO2014128016A1, WO2014180679A1, WO2015011040A1, WO2015011041A1, WO2015011042A1, WO2015011043A1 and WO2015011044A1, which are incorporated by reference into this application. According to this first specific embodiment, the composition preferably contains chromium (in terms of Cr ₂ O ₃ ) in an amount of 0.002 to 0.06% by weight relative to the total weight of the glass. This chromium content further improves the infrared reflection.

According to a second embodiment, the glass sheet preferably has a composition characterized by a percentage based on the total weight of the glass:

- 3 036101

The total content of Fe (in terms of Fe ₂ 0g) 0.002-0.06%;

Cr ₂ O ₃ 0.0015-1%;

From 0.0001-1%.

Such chromium and cobalt based glass compositions have shown particularly good infrared reflectivity, while providing interesting aesthetic / color opportunities (from neutral bluish to rich color or even opacity). Such formulations are described in European patent application No. 13198454.4, incorporated by reference herein.

According to the third embodiment, the glass sheets preferably have a composition characterized by a percentage based on the total weight of the glass:

The total iron content (in terms of Fe ₂ 0z) 0.02-1%;

Cr ₂ O ₃ 0.002-0.5%;

From 0.0001-0.5%.

Preferably, according to this embodiment, the composition comprises: 0.06% <Total iron content <1%.

Such chromium and cobalt based formulations are used to produce colored glass sheets in the blue-green range, which are comparable in color and light transmittance to blue and green glasses on the market, but with particularly good infrared reflectivity. Such formulations are described in European patent application EP15172780.7 and are incorporated by reference in this application.

According to the fourth embodiment, the glass sheet preferably has a composition that is characterized by a percentage based on the total weight of the glass: Total iron content (based on Fe ₂ O3) 0 002-1%;

Cr ₂ O ₃ 0.001-0.5%;

From 0.0001-0.5%;

Se 0.0003-0.5%.

Such glass compositions based on chromium, cobalt and selenium have shown particularly good infrared reflection characteristics, while providing interesting aesthetic / color opportunities (from neutral gray to slightly saturated colors in the gray-bronze range). Such formulations are described in European patent application EP15172779.9 and are incorporated by reference in this application.

According to a first alternative embodiment, the glass sheet preferably has a composition that is characterized by a percentage based on the total weight of the glass:

The total iron content (in terms of Fe ₂ 0z) 0.002-0.06%;

СеО ₂ 0 001-1%.

Such formulations are described in European patent application No. 13193345.9, incorporated by reference herein.

In yet another alternative embodiment, the glass preferably has a composition that is characterized by a percentage based on the total weight of the glass:

The total iron content (in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 0.002-0.06%;

and one of the following components:

manganese (in terms of MnO) in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 1% by weight;

antimony (in terms of Sb ₂ O ₃ ) in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 1% by weight;

arsenic (in terms of As ₂ O ₃ ) in an amount in the range from 0.01 to 1% by weight or copper (in terms of CuO) in an amount in the range from 0.0002 to 0.1% by weight.

Such formulations are described in European patent application No. 14167942.3, incorporated by reference herein.

According to the present invention, automotive glazing may be in the form of flat sheets. The glazing can be curved. This is usually the case for automotive glazing such as rear windows, side windows or roof, or especially windshields.

In automotive applications, the presence of a glass sheet with high infrared transmission capacity does not contribute to maintaining thermal comfort when the vehicle is exposed to sunlight. The proposed method of the invention is to provide glazing with high selectivity (TL / TE), preferably with a selectivity greater than 1 or greater than 1.3. So, in order to comply with suitable conditions for the transfer of energy and heat

- 4 036101 comfort, in addition to the previously mentioned elements, the glazing according to the present invention contains means for selectively filtering infrared rays from solar radiation.

Alternatively, it may be advantageous to use in combination with the glass of the present invention a filter layer having an IR transmittance of less than 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1%.

Advantageously, the infrared filter is a reflective layer with a multilayer stack including n-layer (s) functional element (s) based on an infrared reflecting material, where n> 1, and n + 1 dielectric coatings, thus that each functional layer is surrounded by dielectric coatings.

The functional layers, part of the infrared reflecting layers, are predominantly formed from a noble metal. They can be made on the basis of silver, gold, palladium, platinum or their mixture or alloy, as well as on the basis of copper or aluminum, pure, in alloys or in an alloy with one or more noble metals. All functional layers are preferably silver based. It is a noble metal that has a very high infrared reflection efficiency. It is easily used in a magnetron device, and its price is not prohibitive, especially considering its efficiency. Preferably silver is doped with a few percent of palladium, aluminum or copper, for example in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, or an alloy of silver can be used.

Dielectric clear coatings that form part of the infrared reflecting layers are well known in the field of spray films. The relevant materials are numerous and there is no point in listing them in this document. They are usually metal oxides, oxynitrides or nitrides. Among the most common, they include, for example, SiO2, TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, ZnAlO _x , Si3N4, AlN, AI2O3, ZrO2, N'b-O) ,. YO _X , TiZrYO _x , TiNbOx, HfO _x , MgOx, TaO _x , CrO _x and Bi ₂ O3 and mixtures thereof. The following materials may also be mentioned: AZO, ZTO, GZO, NiCrO _x , TXO, ZSO, TZO, TNO TZSO, TZAO and TZAYO. The term AZO refers to zinc oxide doped with aluminum, or a mixed zinc and aluminum oxide, preferably formed from a ceramic target formed from the oxide to be deposited, sprayed in either a neutral or slightly oxidizing atmosphere. Likewise, the expressions ZTO or GZO respectively refer to mixed oxides of titanium and zinc, or zinc and gallium, obtained from ceramic targets, either in a neutral or slightly oxidizing atmosphere. The expression TCO refers to titanium oxide obtained from a ceramic target based on titanium oxide. The expression ZSO refers to a mixed zinc and tin oxide obtained either from a metal target from an alloy deposited in an oxidizing atmosphere or from a ceramic target of the corresponding oxide in a neutral or slightly oxidizing atmosphere. The expressions TZO, TNO, TZSO, TZAO or TZAYO, respectively, refer to mixed oxides of titanium and zirconium, titanium and niobium, titanium, zirconium and tin, titanium, zirconium and aluminum or titanium, zirconium, aluminum and yttrium obtained from ceramic targets or in neutral or in a slightly oxidizing atmosphere. All of these aforementioned materials can be used to prepare the dielectric films used in the present invention.

Preferably, the dielectric coating disposed below one or each functional layer comprises, in direct contact with the functional layer or layers, a zinc oxide layer, optionally doped with, for example, aluminum or gallium, or an alloy with tin oxide. Zinc oxide can have a particularly beneficial effect on the stability and corrosion resistance of the functional layer, especially in terms of cost. It also helps to improve the electrical conductivity of the silver-based layer and hence to obtain low emissivity.

The various layers of the stack are, for example, magnetron sputtered at low pressure in a well known magnetron device. However, the present invention is not limited to this particular layer deposition method.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, these layers of assemblies can either be disposed on a carrier sheet, in particular PET, inserted into the laminate, or be disposed by direct application onto a glass sheet.

As an alternative to the base metal layers described above, the infrared reflective layer can include a plurality of non-metallic layers to function as a band pass filter (with the band concentrated near the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum).

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automotive glazing is a multi-layer glazing comprising outer and inner glass sheets laminated with at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, and in which the outer and inner glass sheets are glass sheets with a high near infrared transmission level, having an absorption coefficient of less than 5 m ^-1 in the wavelength range from 750 to 1050 nm and preferably from 750 to 950 nm. Infrared reflective layer

- 5,036101 radiation is then preferably placed on the surface 2, that is, on the inner surface of the first glass sheet, which is mounted on the vehicle and is in contact with the external environment.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the infrared filter is a thermoplastic intermediate layer that absorbs infrared rays. Such a thermoplastic intermediate layer is, for example, PVB doped with ITO.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the infrared filter is tinted glass.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the glass sheet has a light transmittance value lower than the infrared transmittance value. In particular, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the visible light transmittance is less than 10% and the infrared transmittance is greater than 50%.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the glass sheet is coated with at least one IR transparent tinted and / or reflective coating in order to hide the unaesthetic sensor element from the outside while providing a good level of performance. This coating may, for example, consist of at least one layer of black ink having zero (or very low) transmission in the visible optical range, but having a high transparency in the infrared range of interest for the application. Such ink can be made from organic compounds that can reach a transmission of <5% in the range of 400-750 nm and> 70% in the range of 850-950 nm.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a black infrared transparent film with high near infrared permeability of 850-1100 nm while effectively blocking ultraviolet and visible radiation 300-750 nm can be applied to the glass sheet (s) to hide the unaesthetic element of the sensor from the outside while still providing a good level of performance.

Alternatively, a colored thermoplastic with similar properties, such as poly (methyl methacrylate), also known as PMMA, acrylic or acrylic glass, can be used in combination with the glass sheet. You can also use polycarbonate plastic or other suitable plastic material. The colored thermoplastic can be applied to the glass with a suitable interlayer well known to the person skilled in the art.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the glass sheet can be coated with a multilayer coating optimized to selectively reflect the visible range while maintaining high IR transmittance. In this way, several properties are achieved, such as those observed with the Kromatix® product. These properties provide a low overall IR absorption of the entire system when applied to a suitable glass composition. The coating may be applied to surface (s) 1 and / or 2 for a single automotive glazing unit, or to surface (s) 1 and / or 4 for laminated automotive glazing, depending on its durability.

According to the present invention, a LiDAR device is an optoelectronic system consisting of at least a laser transmitter, at least a receiver containing a light collector (telescope or other optics) and at least a photodetector that converts the light into an electrical signal and an electronic processing chain signal, extracting the required information.

LiDAR is placed on the inner surface of the glass sheet (namely, surface 2) in the case of a glazing consisting of a single glass sheet, in the area not containing the infrared filter layer.

Preferably, the LiDAR is located at the top of the glazing, and more preferably near the mirror holder.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the automotive glazing is a multi-layer glazing in which the LiDAR is placed on the inner surface of the inner glass sheet, namely on the surface 4, in the area of the glass sheet that does not have IR filtering means.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automotive glazing is a windshield. Thus, the infrared-based remote sensing device is placed on the surface 4 of the windshield in an area not containing the infrared-reflective layer. Indeed, in the case of an infrared reflecting coating, the uncoated area is provided, for example, by removing the coating or masking so that the LiDAR is located on this uncoated area on surface 4 (or on surface 2 in the case of glazing consisting of one glass sheet) to ensure its functionality. The uncoated area generally has the shape and dimensions of an infrared remote sensing device. In case of infrared absorbing film, the film is cut to size by LiDAR

- 6 036101 in such a way that the LiDAR is positioned on this area without a film to ensure its functionality.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the automotive glazing is ultra-thin glazing.

Advantageously, the infrared-based remote measurement device is optically connected to the inner surface of the glazing. For example, you can use a soft material that matches the refractive index of the glass and the outer LiDAR lens.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the glass sheet is coated with at least one anti-reflective layer. The antireflection layer according to the present invention, for example, may be a low refractive index porous silicon dioxide layer, or it may consist of several layers (stack), in particular a stack of layers of dielectric material with alternating layers of low and high refractive indices and a final layer with a low refractive index. Such a coating can be applied to surface (s) 1 and / or 2 for single glazing or to surface (s) 1 and / or 4 for laminated glazing. You can also use a sheet of textured glass. Etching or coating techniques can also be used to avoid reflections.

Claims (17)

CLAIM 1. Automotive glazing containing: a) at least one glass sheet having an absorption coefficient below 5 m ^-1 in the wavelength range from 750 to 1050 nm and having an outer surface and an inner surface, b) an infrared filter, where on the inner surface of the glass sheet, in an area not containing an infrared filter layer, a remote measuring device based on infrared radiation in the wavelength range of 750 to 1050 nm and preferably in the wavelength range of 750 to 950 nm is placed. 2. Glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one glass sheet has an absorption coefficient of less than 1 m ^-1 . 3. Glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the infrared-based remote measurement device is optically connected to the inner surface of the glazing. 4. Automotive glazing according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glazing is a laminated glazing comprising outer and inner glass sheets laminated with at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, and wherein the outer and inner glass sheets are glass sheets with high transmittance of near infrared radiation, having an absorption coefficient of less than 5 m ^-1 in the wavelength range from 750 to 1050 nm, and a device for remote measurement of parameters based on infrared radiation is located on the surface 4. 5. A glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner glass sheet has a light transmission value lower than the infrared transmission value. 6. Glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one glass sheet is coated with at least one infrared transparent tinted and / or reflective coating. 7. Glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one glass sheet has a content expressed as a percentage based on the total weight of the glass: total iron content (in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 0.002-0.06%; Cr ₂ O ₃ 0.0001-0.06%. 8. Glazing according to any one of the previous claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one glass sheet is characterized by a content expressed as a percentage based on the total weight of the glass: total iron content (in terms of Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 0.002-0.06%; Cr _; O) _; 0.0015-1%; From 0.0001-1%. 9. Glazing according to any one of the previous claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one glass sheet is characterized by a content expressed as a percentage based on the total weight of the glass: total iron content (in terms of Fe2O3) 0.02-1%; Cr2O3 0.002-0.5%; From 0.0001-0.5%. 10. Glazing according to any one of the previous claims 1-6, characterized in that at least one glass sheet is characterized by a content expressed as a percentage based on the total - 7 036101 glass weight: total iron content (in terms of Fe2O ₃ ) 0.002-1%; Cr ₂ O ₃ 0.001-0.5%; From 0.0001-0.5%; Se 0.0003-0.5%. 11. Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one glass is ultra-transparent glass. 12. Glazing according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infrared filter layer system is a multilayer stack containing n-functional layer (s) of infrared reflecting material, where n> 1 and n + 1 dielectric coatings, such that each functional layer is surrounded by dielectric coatings. 13. Glazing according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infrared filter layer system is based on silver. 14. A glazing according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infrared filter layer system is a coating in which an uncoated area is provided, on which an infrared-based remote sensing device is placed. 15. A glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infrared remote sensing device is a LiDAR system based on scanning, rotating or solid state LiDARs that allows a three-dimensional display of the environment around the vehicle. 16. Glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an anti-reflective coating is provided on the surface of the automobile glazing. 17. Glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glazing is a windshield.