EA035693B1 - Compact crossbow - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of sports and hunting weapons, namely, to crossbows. The technical result from the use of the invention is an increase in rate of fire, easier handling, smaller size. The technical result is achieved by provision of a crossbow comprising a fore-end with a guide chute, a vertical compound bow, a trigger, a feed mechanism, a safety device and an aiming device. The reloading mechanism includes an inverted-U-shaped pull bar with two hooks, a saw-cut and a cam, a rubber rope, a fastening clasp and a shoulder suspension. The rigid frame of the bow contains fixed blocks, a guide rod with movable bushings and blocks. The bushings are spring-loaded with a cylindrical compression spring or with gas springs. Fixed and movable blocks are connected by a bowstring so that a pulley system is formed. A removable box-type magazine is installed parallel to the plane of bowstring movement using a catcher and a latch. The lower spring-loaded cover of the magazine contains a console designed with the possibility to press out the lower cover of the magazine by means of the feed mechanism driven by the cam of the pull bar. The side face of the magazine lower cover is designed with the possibility of pressing the next arrow coming from the magazine to the guide chute.

Description

The invention relates to the field of sporting and hunting weapons, namely to crossbows.

A crossbow is a complex product that includes a bow, a forend with a trigger and a guide chute, above which a magazine with arrows can be located. There is also a cocking device, safety device, sighting device and some other elements. For a better understanding of the material presented, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the descriptions of our early patents.

A typical crossbow of modern production is known (Lesnikov V., Our crossbow is ARLET, Zh-l Magnum, No. 6, 1999. S. 14-17). The article provides general views of several modifications of crossbows and sketches of their components. The crossbow contains a wooden stock with a stock, a guide chute with a pressure spring for an arrow and a bow with plate shoulders and stirrups. The crossbow is transported disassembled in a volumetric case. It takes a lot of time and tools to assemble a crossbow. To bring the crossbow into working condition, you need to insert your foot into the stirrup, bend down, grab the bowstring with your hands and pull it up, while the crossbow automatically becomes on the fuse. It is required to pull the bowstring evenly so that there are no distortions that can lead to an inaccurate shot or even to throw the arrow off the guide chute. Then it is necessary to insert the feathered boom into the guide chute and move it back until it touches the bowstring, while the back of the boom is pressed by a flat spring. After that, you should intercept the crossbow, kiss the bed, turn off the fuse, aim and fire.

All these manipulations take a long time, which leads to a low combat (practical) rate of fire. The crossbow is very bulky, largely due to the stock and large dimensions of the bow in the transverse direction. When fired, the bow produces a large recoil due to the fact that its shoulders move forward, and the crossbow, respectively, back. The shoulders of a modern crossbow are expensive and difficult to manufacture, requiring the use of high technologies and scarce materials. The bow does not have straightening limiters; in the final phase of the shot, the jerk from the side of the shoulders falls on the bowstring, which can burst with a blank shot. Such a bow is susceptible to harmful vibrations, which have to be reduced with special dampers. The fatigue of the material can break the shoulders and cause injury to the shooter. The feathered boom is complex in design, has excessive stability in flight and high air resistance. A crossbow with a stock is poorly balanced, since its center of mass is located far from the user's body.

Known crossbow with lever cocking (Zotov Y., King of Crossbows, zh-l Arms, No. 8, 2009, pp. 28-31). The crossbow is equipped with a simple bow with titanium arcs, an index finger guard, a Kevlar bowstring and an optical sight. The linkage system is located under the forend. The cocking procedure is as follows: it is necessary to turn the crossbow with the forend towards you, put the butt on the ground, with one hand rest against the bow arc, with the other hand pull the lever towards you until it clicks. After that, you should return the lever to its original position by placing it on the latch. Then you need to insert the arrow, pressing it with a spring, kiss, turn off the fuse and fire a shot.

The disadvantage of this device is its large size. Although the cocking system reduces the cocking force, it increases the complexity and weight of the structure and, accordingly, reduces reliability. Lever manipulations are time consuming, resulting in a low practical rate of fire.

Known crossbow (Aleskovsky A., Black python, zh-l Arms, No. 2, 2005, pp. 59-62) with a compound bow of double expansion. This design of the bow made it possible to significantly increase the stroke of the bowstring, simultaneously reduce the width of the crossbow and somewhat reduce the recoil. However, this significantly increases the length of the crossbow. The dimensions and weight of the onions also remain significant, and the system is subject to harmful vibrations. The recoil when fired is significant. The bow is expensive and difficult to manufacture due to the presence of eccentric blocks in its design.

Known crossbow trigger (RK patent No. 6310, CL F41B 5/00, Girfanov MG; Shakirov AL, 1998). The device contains a spring-loaded nut with an axle in its rear part, a hook in the front part and a cocking console. The nut hitch can be designed as a rolling bearing to automatically equalize the forces of the bow arms. An option with two release levers is available. The device has a low trigger force, provides automatic fixation of the bowstring and the possibility of remote shooting.

In the description of the invention, all possible variants of the types of the trigger device, in particular the variant with the upper lock, are not fully described. There is only one version of the inclined cocking console, designed to interact with the bowstring, which limits the scope.

Known trigger device for small arms (RK patent No. 8080, CL F41B 5/00, Shakirov AL, 1998). The device includes a nut, a hook and a vertical cocking console. The trigger is compact, low trigger force, and the ability to remotely fire from any direction. The trigger has an attachment for the trigger cord.

The description of the invention does not indicate the possibility of manufacturing a side lock.

Known compound bow (RK patent No. 9166, class F41A 17/00, F41A 17/22, Shakirov A.L., 1998). The device contains a pair of rigid arms with pulley blocks and elastic elements in the form of cylindrical springs fixed to them. The invention improves the efficiency of the bow, ease of use, to reduce its dimensions and weight, to reduce parasitic vibrations after the shot.

The disadvantage of this device is that the used coil tension springs are too heavy, prone to stretching and harmful vibrations. The version of the bow with compression coil springs and guide tubes is bulky, heavy and has a tendency to jam.

Known safety device for hand-held small arms (RK patent No. 7334, CL F41B 5/00, Girfanov MG, Girfanov P.M., Shakirov AL, 1998). The device belongs to the class of fuses that block the trigger, and can significantly increase the safety and convenience of handling weapons. The fuse is simple in design, includes a safety lever and an L-shaped retainer, spring-loaded by a cylindrical compression spring. The fuse can be turned on or off at the will of the shooter, provides automatic activation when cocked, as well as disabling this function.

The disadvantage of this invention can be attributed to low ergonomics, because the outer arms of the lever and retainer are not large enough to make contact with the finger.

Known accelerator reloading small arms (patent RK No. 5358, CL F41B 5/18, Girfanov MG, Shakirov AL, 1996). The device contains a rod with a hook at the front end, a fastening carabiner at the rear end, a returnable elastic element and a shoulder suspension. The use of a reloading accelerator makes it possible to increase the practical rate of fire of small arms and ensure greater ease of handling. In particular, if this device is installed on a crossbow in combination with other mechanisms, it increases the rate of fire several times.

The description of the mechanism does not indicate the possibility of interaction of its thrust with other mechanisms of the weapon by means of cams and other elements installed on it.

Known sighting device of hand-held small arms (RK patent No. 7231, CL F41B 5/00, F41G 1/00, Girfanov MG, Shakirov AL, 1998). The device includes a sight with a correction mechanism containing upper and lower cranks connected by a connecting rod. The sighting device is equipped with a locking mechanism including a toothed sector with a stopper and a retainer. The control element of the correction mechanism is made in the form of a handle, which is controlled by the hand of the shooter, not in contact with the trigger. The device is equipped with a bar with a scale and a level for leveling the weapon, located in the shooter's field of view when aiming.

The disadvantages of this device include the low ergonomics of the locking mechanism and latch.

Known fastening carbine (RK patent No. 7696, class A63B 29/02, Girfanov MG, Shakirov AL, 1997). The invention relates to high-speed fastening means and can be used for fastening small arms. The fastening carabiner contains a power hook, a bolt pivotally attached to it and a retainer with a spring.

The disadvantages of the carabiner include the low ergonomics of the retainer, the outer edges of which, intended for contact with the hand, do not have a large enough area.

As a prototype, the patent of the RK Shop crossbow and an arrow to it (RK patent No. 6799, class F41B 5/00, F42B 6/02, Girfanov MG, Shakirov AL, 1997) was chosen. The crossbow contains a forearm with a guide chute, a trigger and a bow in the front. The forend has a magazine catch in the front and a latch in the back. The removable magazine is located above the guide chute and is a narrow, long box with front, back and two side walls. Inside the store there are two vertical stops for arrowheads. In the upper part of the store there is an arrow feeder in the form of a lever with a rocker arm spring-loaded by external tension springs. The spring-loaded top magazine cover can act as a latch. The lower spring-loaded cover automatically opens when the magazine is set up and automatically closes when it is removed. The arrow includes a cylindrical body and a tip, the front part of which can be made in the form of a tip or a container with a special tool.

The disadvantage of this store is the possibility of damage to the outer tension springs. In the process of emptying the magazine, the pressing force on the lower boom from the side of the arrow pack and the feeder decreases, which leads to a decrease in the accuracy of fire. In addition, when removing an incompletely empty magazine, part of the arrows may fall out and be pinched by the lower cover.

The task of the invention is to create a crossbow with an increased combat rate of fire.

The technical result from the use of the invention is an increase in the rate of fire, ease of handling, and a decrease in size.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the crossbow contains a forend with a guide chute, a vertical compound bow, a trigger and a feed mechanism. The reloading mechanism includes a traction with two hooks, a cut and a cam, a rubber band, a mounting karabiner and a shoulder suspension. The rigid frame of the bow contains fasteners for the ends of the bowstring, fixed blocks, a guide rod with spring-loaded movable bushings and blocks. Fixed and movable blocks are connected with a bowstring to form a chain hoist. The bushings are spring loaded with cylindrical compression springs or gas springs. The trigger has a trigger with an attachment for the trigger cord and can have an additional front trigger. A removable box magazine with internal stops for arrowheads is installed parallel to the plane of the bowstring movement using a safety catch and a latch. The store is equipped with a top cover and an arrow feeder. The lower spring-loaded cover of the magazine contains a console made with the possibility of periodically depressing the lower cover of the magazine by means of a feed mechanism driven by a thrust cam. The side edge of the lower cover of the magazine is made with the possibility of pressing the next arrow coming from the magazine to the guide chute. The arrows can be circular or rectangular. The self-arrow has a safety device that blocks the trigger. The sighting device is located to the left of the store and has a mechanical connection with the user's hand for the prompt introduction of range corrections. The sighting device contains a Picatinny rail, a range scale with an arrow, a mechanism for fixing range values and a bubble level.

The description is supplemented by figures, where in FIG. 1 is a left side view of a crossbar and a view of a shoulder suspension;

in fig. 2 - view from the right of the crossbow;

in fig. 3 is a detailed view of the shoulder suspension;

in fig. 4 is a detailed view of the mounting carabiner;

in fig. 5 - thrust in projections;

in fig. 6 is a view of a pull rod, a mounting carabiner, a guide chute and a rubber band assembly;

in fig. 7 is a view of the guide chute with fasteners;

in fig. 8 is a view of the trigger and a diagram of its placement on the cross-fire;

in fig. 9 - an embodiment of the trigger with an additional front trigger;

in fig. 10 is a right side view of a crossbow in an embodiment of a trigger with an additional front trigger and an additional handle;

in fig. 11 is a view of the feeder;

in fig. 12 - options for types of arrows;

in fig. 13 is a right side view of a loaded store with projections;

in fig. 14 is a diagram of the feeder;

in fig. 15 - section of the magazine fastening mechanism (top view);

in fig. 16 is a diagram of a compound bow with a coil compression spring;

in fig. 17 is a diagram of a variant of bow elements with gas springs;

in fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a self-firing device assembled with horizontal and sagittal sections;

in fig. 19 is a diagram of a variant of a crossbow with a front trigger and a feed mechanism;

in fig. 20 is a diagram of a safety device;

in fig. 21 is a diagram of the sighting device;

in fig. 22 - the work of the fastening carabiner;

in fig. 23 - operation of the feeding mechanism;

in fig. 24 - the operation of the trigger;

in fig. 25 - work of the feeder;

in fig. 26 is a diagram of the removal of the store;

in fig. 27 is a diagram of the installation of the store;

in fig. 28 - operation of self-arrow elements in the version with round arrows;

in fig. 29 - operation of crossbow elements in the version with arrows of rectangular section;

in fig. 30 - work of a bow with cylindrical springs;

in fig. 31 - the work of the gas springs of the bow;

in fig. 32 - operation of the safety device;

in fig. 33 - the operation of the locking mechanism of the sighting device;

in fig. 34 - the operation of the sighting device.

FIG. 1 and 2 show types of crossbows from the left and right sides, respectively, with the designation of the main units. Here 1 - shoulder harness, 2 - mounting carbine, 3 - forend, 4 - fire control handle, 5 - tactical handle, 6 - bow, 7 - magazine, 8 - magazine latch, 9 - safety device, 10 - sighting device (option with an optical sight).

The shoulder harness 1 (Fig. 3) consists of shoulder straps 11 and a connecting strap 12, worn on the user's shoulder girdle. The length of the belts can be adjusted using buckles 13. The belts are equipped with a flexible cable 14, the length of which is adjusted by the unit for adjusting the length of the cable release 15.

FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the fastening carabiner 2 assembled with sections and disassembled. The fastening carabiner consists of a power hook 16, a bolt 17 and a latch 18 with a leaf spring 19. The bolt 17 is attached to the power hook 16 on the axis 20, and the latch 18 on the bolt 17 on the axis 21. The power hook 16 has a mouth at the end, inside of which there is a recess in which the shutter is placed with the possibility

- 3 035693 oscillations on the axis 20. At the end opposite to the shed, the power hook is made stepped. The left side of the step has an inclined edge. The shutter 17 has the form of a two-armed lever with an axis 20. On one arm of the lever there is a recess, the size corresponding to the mouth of the power hook. On the other arm there is a hole for an axle 21 connecting the breech 17 with the latch 18. The latch 18 has a U-shaped section that embraces the breech 17 and the leaf spring 19 located between the latch and the breech. The latch has protruding stepped stops with inclined edges, made with the possibility of mating with the inclined edge of the step of the power hook 16.

Rod 22 (Fig. 5) serves to cocking the bowstring with simultaneous action on the feeder and trigger. The rod as a whole has a U-shaped cross-section and covers the guide groove (not indicated). In the central part, the rod has a through long groove 23, the front edge of which 24 is made with the possibility of periodic pressure on the cocking console of the trigger nut (its description below). A cam 25 is fixed in the lower front part of the link 22 for interaction with the feed mechanism, which is also described below. The rod has a large hook 26 and a small hook 27 for capturing the string. In the left rear part of the rod, there is a rubber band mount 28, which serves to return the rod 22 to the extreme forward position. Corner 29 serves for higher fastening of the carabiner 2.

FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the position of the carbine 2, the rubber band 30 and the guide groove 31 on the rod 22. The rubber band is attached with its front part to the frame of the bow 6 (Figs. 1, 2).

The guide groove 31 (Fig. 7) is also attached with the front part to the bow frame 6, and the rear part behind the rear part of the forearm with the possibility of free sliding along it of the rod 22. The groove is fastened with the screws with countersunk heads shown in the figure. In the rear part of the guide chute 31 there is a through groove 32 for free passage of the cocking console of the trigger nut, which is described below. The mounting bracket 33 has through holes for screws that secure it to the rear of the forearm. Thus, the guide chute is an integral part of the guide structure, which is also formed by other elements of the boom.

FIG. 8 shows a view of the trigger and a diagram of its placement on the cross-fire. The trigger is located inside the forearm 3 and serves for reliable fixation and controlled release of the bowstring. On the lower part of the forearm, the lower cover 34 of the U-shaped profile is fixed. The inner flat baffle 35 divides the inner space of the forearm into two flat horizontal cavities. In the upper cavity there is a part of the parts of the trigger device, and in the lower one - the feed mechanism. For clarity, the top view is shown in the absence of the upper edge of the forend 3. The cover of the trigger 36 is attached above the nut 38. All covers are fixed by means of spacers, indicated on the right side of the figure, but not numbered, and are fastened with screws 37. Between the forend 3 and the cover 36 there is a nut 38 that can swing on an axis 39, passing through the holes of the forend 3 and the cover 36. The nut 38 has a hook for the bowstring 40 and a cocking console 41, made with the possibility of periodically receiving the force from the end 24 of the groove 23 of the thrust 22 (Fig. 5 ). The nut is spring-loaded relative to the forend by means of a compression spring 42 with a rod. By means of screws 43 and 44 with spacer sleeves, the nut is rigidly fastened to the console 45, and holes are made in the partition 35 with the possibility of free swinging of the spacer sleeves. Thus, the console 45, located in the cavity formed by the forend 3 and the partition 35, has the ability to swing on the axis 39 together with the nut 38. The trigger 46 is mounted on the axis 47 on the lower cover 34. The trigger 46 has an upper arm 48 intended for interaction with the console 45 and the perception of the force of the compression spring 49 with the rod. The front part of the console 45 is configured to contact the upper arm 48. The lower arm 50 of the trigger 46 is a trigger with a trigger cord fastener 51.

Another embodiment of a trigger with an additional front trigger is shown in FIG. 9. On the self-propelled gun in the front, on the right side, in front of the bow, an additional handle 52 and an additional trigger 53 are installed. The upper arms of both trigger levers are connected by means of a plate rod 54 mounted on axles 55. In the middle part, the rod 54 contains a cutout for the magazine console (description below). In this case, the crossbow takes a different form (Fig. 10). The additional handle 52 and the tactical handle 5 are spaced apart so that the user's thumbs and the protective bowstring cover (not indicated) are placed in the gap.

The feeding mechanism (Fig. 11) is located inside the forend of the boom in the lower cavity formed by the lower cover 34 and the partition 35 (Fig. 8). It serves to transfer the thrust force 22 to the magazine console by means of the cam 25 (Fig. 5) during cocking. The mechanism consists of a two-armed lever 56 mounted on the lower cover 34 on an axis 57, contains a small arm 58 and a large arm 59. The protrusion 60 serves to correct the position of the leaf spring 61, which works to hold the lever 56 in the depressed position. The large shoulder 59 is adapted to contact the magazine console 62 and may have a slight double upward bend for a more secure grip. A small Y-shaped lever 63 is mounted on the lower cover 34 on an axis 64 and is spring-loaded by means of a leaf spring 65. The lever 63 contains a first arm 66 and a second arm 67. The first arm 66 is made with

- 4 035693 the possibility of periodic pressing on it of the cam 25 of the thrust 22. The second shoulder 67 is made with the possibility of contacting with the small shoulder 58 of the lever 56. The axes 57 and 64 in the simplest case can be cylindrical heads of screws screwed into the bottom cover 34 and riveted from the side threads.

FIG. 12 shows the types of arrows used in this crossbow. Arrow 68 consists (Fig. 12a) of a shaft 69, a tip 70 and a point 71. The front part can be made in the form of a flat blade (Fig. 12b), as well as a warhead or container with special equipment 73 of known designs (Fig. 12c). There are two options for arrows - round (left) or square (right). More generally, the boom can also have a rectangular cross-section. This boom shape provides good stabilization in flight, since the center of mass lies in its front part and the shaft has the necessary windage.

Store 7 (Fig. 1, 2) is (Fig. 13) a rectangular box consisting of left 74, right 75, front 76 and rear 77 walls. Cover 78 covers the lower open portion of the magazine. It is attached to the right wall 75 by means of symmetrical cranks 79 fixed on the wall 75 with the possibility of swinging on hinges 80. The cranks 79 and the cover 78 are fastened by a plate 81. In the middle part of the cover 78, a console 62 is fixed, made with the possibility of periodically pressing a large shoulder on it 59 of the two-armed lever 56 of the feeder (FIG. 11).

Cover 78 is spring-loaded by means of identical leaf springs 82. Two stops 83 are installed on the inner wall of the magazine, which serve to correct the position of the arrows 68 and prevent contact of their sharp parts with the front wall of the magazine. The stops are two symmetrical narrow plates fixed along their entire height on the inner walls of the store. In the upper part, the stops have funnel-shaped sinks for confident catching of the boom neck when loading the magazine. A cover (not marked) is installed on the top of the magazine to prevent the arrows from falling out.

The feeder (Fig. 14) can be installed in the upper inner part of the magazine for more reliable feeding of the arrow pack. The feeder consists of an upper tube 84 of square (a) or circular (b) cross-section, inside which an upper slider 85 is installed with the possibility of sliding. There is also a lower tube 86, respectively, of square (a) or circular (b) cross-section, inside which a lower slider 87 is installed with the possibility of sliding. The sliders have cross-sections corresponding to the cross-sections of the tubes. The upper and lower tubes with slides are connected by a known system of levers 89 with hinges 90. In the inner part of the upper tube 84 there is a cylindrical compression spring 88 with a rod. An unnumbered coil tension spring may be disposed in the interior of the lower tube 86, which serves to enhance the action of the compression spring 88. The tubes 84 and 86 have longitudinal grooves for free passage of hinges attached to the sliders. It can be seen that both springs work to bring the system into an uncompressed state. The feeder can be secured by, for example, a hinged, spring-loaded top cover of the magazine 91 and / or by means of latches of known designs.

Fastening the magazine (Fig. 15) serves to install the magazine on the crossbow with the possibility of removal. It consists of the following main elements: a catcher 92, which is attached to the bow frame so that the plane of movement of the bowstring is parallel to the left wall of the magazine 7 (Fig. 1, 2). The catcher 92 is a chute adapted to accommodate the front end of the magazine 7. The left part of the catcher has a groove designed to receive the blow of the bowstring when fired, the right part has a bend for easy entry of the magazine end. The catcher 92 has restraints in its upper and lower parts to prevent vertical displacement of the magazine (not indicated). Above the cover 36 of the trigger (Fig. 8), a latch lever 93 is mounted, mounted on an axis 94 and spring-loaded by a spring 95, which at one end abuts against the recess of the latch lever 93, and the other against the recess of the stop 96.

The bow is located in front of the forearm in the vertical plane (Fig. 16a - left view, 16b - front view in the absence of the front edge of the bow frame). The bow consists of the frame of the bow 97, the base of which is a U-shaped channel, located with the horizontal crossbar of the letter P forward. Additional structural elements of the frame, which serve to install the component elements of the bow, are attached to this channel. On the frame 97 of the bow, a rod 98 is installed, which can be a hairpin with a diameter of 8 mm. A cylindrical compression spring 99 is put on a rod 98 and is fixed in the central part of the bow frame 97 by means of a retainer 100. In the simplest case, the retainer can be a screw screwed into the channel and enters with its end into the space between the coils of the spring 99. In another embodiment, two identical the cylindrical springs are separated by a flat retainer 100, which is rigidly stopped on the bow frame 97, serves as a support for the ends of the springs and has an opening for the passage of the rod 98. Bushings 101 are put on the rod 98 for free sliding along it. Axles 102 are attached to the bushings 101, with fixed on them blocks 103, 104, 105 and 106. On the axes 107 are mounted with the possibility of rotation similar blocks 108 and 109 which are fixed relative to the frame 97. All blocks are made on rolling bearings. A hole (not indicated) is made in the frame 97 for the flight of arrows, and the forend, the guide groove 31, the rubber band 30, the magazine catch 92 and the beam 118 (description below) are attached to it with the front end. It is recommended to use a steel cable with a diameter of about 2 mm for string 110. Aunt-5 035693 VA 110 is attached at one end to the fastener 111, and the other end to the other same fastener. The mount is a screw, near the head of which there is a hole, so it is completely identical to the bike cable mount. Fasteners are made with the possibility of free pulling the bowstring with its subsequent fixation. This is done to increase the durability of the bowstring, which experiences maximum wear in the place of its contact with the trigger hook and arrow ends. For this purpose, the bowstring may be excessively long so that the free ends can be attached to the bow frame 97. The string is threaded through the system of blocks as follows: after the lower attachment, it passes block 103, then block 104 and enters block 108. The subsequent section of the string is a working section designed to interact with the boom and hook. The remainder of the bowstring runs symmetrically through blocks 109, 105, 106 and ends at anchor 111. From FIG. 16 and 30 it can be seen that the bowstring at the intersection does not interfere with the flight of the arrow.

Instead of a coil compression spring, a double gas spring can be installed in the above-described bow. Its arrangement is shown in FIG. 17. Here 112 is a cylindrical body rigidly mounted on the bow frame 97, 113 is an oil seal, 114 is a piston, 115 is a gas pipeline, 104 is a block, 116 is a tap. There is high pressure gas inside the working volume, which can be injected or vented to smoothly change the stiffness of the springs. Fixed blocks and bowstring are not marked. Also available with standard separate gas springs.

FIG. 18 shows a cross-section of a cross-section with additional sagittal (A-E) and horizontal (F, H) sections. Here, for clarity, the thrust 22 is shown separately, moved to the upper part, but is present in the sections. Of the new elements - the nut 117 and the beam 118. The gate 117 serves to prevent more than one arrow from hitting the forend. The spacing does not have to be solid and can be, for example, spaced hemispherical screw heads. The beam 118 serves to bind the entire structure and to attach the handle 5 and the sighting device to it, the description of which is given below. The beam 118 is fastened with the front part to the bow frame, and with the rear, by means of an additional bracket, to the rear part of the forearm. Also shown are unnumbered fasteners - screws with spacers, spacers, long screws for bundling the structure into a package, and also for fastening the handles. The shanks of the long screws on the right side of the figure can be used to fasten the latch 8 (Fig. 1, 2) of the magazine 7. For the safety of using the crossbow, the plane of the bowstring movement can be covered with a cover made of thin sheet metal (not indicated).

FIG. 19 shows a diagram of a crossbow in the embodiment of use in the design of the trigger shown in FIG. 10, and the feeder. Here, the large shoulder 59 of the lever 56 contains in the end part a double bend to ensure a secure grip of the console 62, which in this case should have a shorter length and extend above the cutout of the rod 54. In this case, the function of the compression spring 49 (Fig. 8) can be assigned to compression spring 119 with a rod.

The self-propelled gun uses a safety device 9 (Fig. 1), a detailed diagram of which is shown in Fig. 20. A safety device is mounted to the left of the fire control handle 4 with the ability to block the trigger 50. A safety lever 120 is mounted on the lower forend cover by means of an axis 121. The front shoulder of the safety lever has the ability to restrict the movement of the trigger in its rearward movement. It also has a projection that prevents the shoulder from sliding off the trigger and serves to interact with the latch of the retainer. The rear shoulder of the safety lever is made with the possibility of pressing it with a finger when the safety device is turned off. The latch 122 in the form of an L-shaped two-armed lever is mounted on the lower cover of the fore-end by means of an axis 123. There is a latch on the front shoulder of the latch designed to interact with the protrusion of the safety lever. The back shoulder of the retainer is made with the possibility of pressing it with a finger. The safety lever and detent are spring-loaded against each other by a compression spring 124.

FIG. 21 shows a view of the sighting device in the version with a diopter sight and a laser designator. The aiming frame 125 is attached to the boom beam 118. The lower crank 126 is attached to the frame 125 on a hinge 127 with the possibility of swinging, and also has a hinge 128 in the front part. A locking mechanism and a handle for controlling the correction mechanism 129 are fixed on the lower edge of the lower crank 126. The upper crank 130 is attached to the frame 125 with a hinge 131 with the possibility rocking and also has a hinge 132 at the front. The upper crank 130 is spring-loaded by a non-diagrammed hairpin spring, which works to return it to the uppermost position. The front parts of the lower crank and the upper crank are connected by means of a connecting rod 133. All hinges can be made both on plain bearings and on rolling bearings. A laser designator 134 and a diopter sight 135 are mounted on the upper crank by means of a dovetail connector 136. Instead of such a connector, a Picatinny rail can be installed, designed to mount any attachments on it, for example, a collimator or optical sight. On the frame 125 of the sighting device, a curved bar 137 with an interchangeable scale reflecting the range to the target is fixedly installed, and an arrow 138 is installed on the crank 130. The interchangeable range scale of the bar 137 is located in the field

- 6 035693 of the user's sight when aiming. Also a bubble level (not indicated) can be installed on the upper crank. There is also a switch for a laser designator 139 and a screw for setting the range of a direct shot 140. To fix the required value of the range, a locking mechanism is used, consisting of a body fixed on the lower edge of the lower crank 126, and a gear sector 141 installed in the lower part of the frame 125. Stopper 142 ( section A-A of Fig. 21) is a two-armed lever mounted in the body by means of an axis 143. One lever arm is made in the form of a key 144 with the possibility of periodically pressing it with the user's finger. On the other arm 145 of the stopper, a tooth 146 is fixed, made with the possibility of engaging with the toothed sector 141. Also, an L-shaped retainer 147 is installed in the body using an axis 148 with a latch 149 on one shoulder and a key 150 on the other. The stopper and the retainer are spring-loaded relative to each other by means of a compression spring 151.

The operation of the cross-fire mechanisms is described below. The crossbow is transported in a standard briefcase-type case. There may also be a shoulder harness, spare booms, a set of accessories, and more. If necessary, the shoulder suspension 1 (Fig. 1, 3) is put on the shoulders, it is possible under the outerwear. The suspension is pre-adjusted to suit the user's physique. For this, buckles 13 and a cable release assembly 15 are used. Then the crossbow is removed from the suitcase and attached to the cable 14 using a fastening carabiner 2 (Fig. 1). In this position, the crossbow is carried in a hanging position along the body under the user's shoulder fold. If necessary, the self-arrow carbine is quickly disconnected by pressing on its lock with the left hand. You can also detach the boom by pushing the carabiner lock with your right side of your chest while holding the boom with one right hand.

FIG. 22 shows the phases of the actuation of the mounting carabiner. In the closed state, the stop of the latch 18 (Fig. 22a) abuts against the lower edge of the step of the power hook 16 and is pressed against it by the spring 19. A force is applied to the latch in the direction indicated by the arrow (Fig. 22a). This force creates a torque about the axis 20, under the action of which the lock 18 together with the shutter 17 rotate around the axis 20, and the shutter opens, i.e. its recess protrudes from the mouth of the power hook 16. At the same time, the applied force compresses the spring 19 and creates a torque about the axis 21, which causes the lock 18 to rotate relative to the bolt 17. As a result, the lock 18 moves both relative to the bolt 17 and relative to the power hook 16. Now the spring 19 presses the stepped stops of the latch to the inclined edge of the power hook, and the carabiner is fixed in the open state (Fig. 22b). A cable is placed in the open recess of the shutter 17 (its cross-section is shown as a point) and a force is applied in the direction indicated by the arrow (Fig. 22b). The latch 18, together with the shutter 17, rotates around the axis 20 in the opposite direction, the stop of the latch breaks off the inclined edge of the step of the power hook 16 and abuts against its lower edge. When the shutter is turned, its recess is aligned with the mouth of the power hook, and the lower edge of the recess feeds the cable into the mouth and fixes it there. The carabiner takes the initial closed state (Fig. 22c). Thus, the fastening carabiner reliably grips the cable 14 with the possibility of sliding the hole of the carabiner relative to the cable along part of its length. When opening the carabiner with a cable (Fig. 22c, d), the recess of the bolt 17, leaving the mouth of the power hook, pushes the cable out of the mouth of the power hook. Thus, the opening and closing of the fastening carabiner is performed by pressing the carabiner lock in the appropriate directions.

For firing a shot attached to the shoulder suspension, the crossbow is held by the right hand for the handle 4, and with the left hand - by the handle 5 (Fig. 1), thrown up and pushed back with effort from the body. In this case, the rod 22 is carried away by the cable to the rear position, pulling the bowstring 110 (Figs. 16, 30). Mounted on the rod 22, the cam 25 (Fig. 23) engages with the first shoulder 66 of the lever 63 of the feed mechanism. This leads to its rotation on the axis 64 (Fig. 23b) and the straightening of the spring 65. The second shoulder 67 of the lever 63 presses on the small shoulder 58 of the lever 56. The lever 56, overcoming the resistance of the spring 61, turns on the axis 57. The large shoulder 59 presses the console 62 store in the extreme open position (Fig. 28b, c), overcoming the resistance of the springs 82 (Fig. 13). Under the action of the weight of the package of arrows and the feeder (if installed), the arrow is lowered and rests on the forend 3 (Fig. 1). With further movement of the cam 25 (Fig. 23c), it disengages with the first arm 66 of the lever 63. The system of levers returns to its original state under the action of the leaf springs 61 and 65 and the magazine console 62. The side edge of the bottom cover, under the action of the leaf springs 82 (Fig. 13), tightly presses the boom 68 (Fig. 28d) against the guide chute. In this case, the arrow of circular cross-section jumps over the sill 117 (Fig. 18). FIG. 29 shows a similar version of the action of the feeder in the case of using arrows of rectangular section.

At the initial moment, the trigger is in the initial state, ready to receive the bowstring (Fig. 24a). With the further movement of the rod 22 to the extreme rear position, its end 24 (Fig. 5) presses on the console 41 of the nut 38 (Fig. 8). The nut rotates on the axis 39, overcoming the resistance of the spring 42. The console 45 rotates together with the nut, and its front end jumps over the cut of the upper arm 48 of the trigger 46 (Fig. 24b). Then the crossbow is fed back to the body, and the bowstring lies on the hook 40 of the nut.

During the reverse stroke of the cam 25 of the thrust 22, it enters (Figs. 11 and 23d) into engagement with the first

- 7 035693 pulls 66 of the lever 63 on the reverse side and, overcoming the resistance of the spring 65, turns the lever 63. The cam passes into the gap formed, and the feed mechanism returns to its original position (Fig. 23a). To release the bowstring (Fig. 24c), the trigger 50 is pressed, overcoming the resistance of the spring 49 (Fig. 8). In this case, the release lever 46 rotates on the axis 47, disengaging the front end of the console 45 from the upper arm 48. The bowstring together with the spring 42 create a moment of forces acting on the nut, which rotates on the axis 39. The bowstring, (Fig. 24d), is not being able to hold onto the hook in the absence of a moment of forces from the upper arm of the trigger lever, it breaks off the hook 40. The bowstring strikes the rear end of the arrow lying on the guide chute, which receives acceleration. After that, if necessary, the cocking cycle is repeated. A user of average physical capabilities is able to repeat this cycle at a rate of one shot per second until the arrow pack is completely depleted. The crossbow can be cocked without the use of a shoulder harness. To do this, fixing the crossbow, take the fastening carabiner with the left hand and pull the rod 22 to the extreme rear position, followed by releasing. In this case, the rod 22 returns to the front position under the action of the rubber band 30 (Fig. 6).

In the case of the variant with the front trigger lever (Fig. 9.10), the crossbow is intercepted in such a way that its rear end rests against the shoulder. Take the right hand for the handle 52 (Fig. 10), put a finger on the front trigger 53. Aim and press on the front trigger. This force is transmitted through the rod 54 to the upper arm 48, which results in a shot.

If remote shooting is necessary, the trigger cord is tied to the mount 51 and force is applied to this cord. To alert the crossbow, it is rigidly attached on the ground, the trigger cord is passed through an additional separate remote block. The end of the cord is fixed in such a way that the game during migration can act on it and launch it.

The feeder (Fig. 14, 25) is installed on the boom for more reliable supply of arrows in case of firing from inconvenient positions, for example, from the bottom up. To do this, open the top cover 91 in the magazine (Fig. 14) and equip the magazine with the required number of arrows. Then squeeze the feeder by hand, set it over the arrow pack, close the cover 91 and fix it with a latch.

After depletion of arrows in the magazine, it can be replaced with a spare one, or it can be refilled with arrows without being removed from the boom. To remove the magazine, the middle finger of the right hand is pressed on the latch lever 93 (Fig. 15), overcoming the resistance of the spring 95 (Fig. 26a). The thumb of the right hand is pressed on the left rear wall of the store, while simultaneously picking it up with the index finger (Fig. 26b). Remove the magazine from the catcher 92 and hold it with the right hand (Fig. 26c).

The magazine is installed in the opposite way (Fig. 27). Hold the crossbow with the left hand, take the magazine 7 by the back with the right hand and bring it to the crossbow (Fig. 27a). The front end of the magazine is inserted into the catcher 92 and the back of the magazine is held with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand. The middle and ring fingers press on the latch lever 93, while it pivots on the axis 94, overcoming the resistance of the spring 95. The latch lever 93 is moved to the extreme rear position (Fig. 27b). The rear part of the magazine is fed to the left up to the stop, while the latch lever 93 under the action of the spring 95 returns to its original state and reliably holds the magazine 7 (Fig. 27b, c). Another option for installing the magazine is also possible - after gripping the front end of the magazine with the safety catch, simply move the rear part of the magazine to the left. In this case, the rear end of the magazine slides along the inclined edge of the latch lever, causing it to turn. The latch lever cutout then engages the rear end of the magazine.

FIG. 30 shows the operation of bow 6 during the cocking - shot cycle. The rod 22 begins to pull the string over the working area (Fig. 16, 30). Blocks 108 and 109 rotate, driving the chain hoist, and bushings compress spring 99 evenly on both sides. After the bowstring is hooked onto the trigger of the trigger, the bow remains taut. When a shot is fired, the bowstring is released, the spring straightens, the bowstring returns to its original state, giving the spring energy to the arrow.

In the case of the bow version with gas springs (Figs. 17 and 31), the pistons compress the gas, thereby storing energy. If necessary, the gas pressure is changed by pumping or bleeding it through the valve 116. This achieves a smooth change in the rigidity of the bow, which is brought in accordance with the physical capabilities of the user.

Manipulations with the safety device are performed, as a rule, with the thumb of the right hand, which continues to hold the crossbow by the handle 4. FIG. 32a shows the position of the parts of the safety device in the on state. Here, the safety lever 120 (Fig. 20) with its front edge abuts against the rear edge of the trigger lever 50, which is in the forward position, preventing it from being pulled back. The protrusion of the safety lever abuts against the side edge of the trigger, since the safety lever is under the influence of the spring 124. Removal from the safety catch, as a rule (Fig.32b), is performed by pressing the penultimate phalanx of the right thumb on the rear shoulder of the safety lever 120 (indicated by the arrow) ... Under the influence of the finger, the safety lever begins to rotate on the axis 123, overcoming the resistance of the spring 124. At the same time, its protrusion slides along the latch of the retainer 122, and the front edge

- 8 035693 comes out of interaction with the rear edge of the trigger. At this stage, it is already possible to fire a shot without finally removing it from the safety catch. To remove from the safety catch (Fig. 32c), continue to press on the rear shoulder of the safety lever. As a result, its protrusion becomes on the latch of the latch 122, and the boom is removed from the safety catch. After that (Fig. 32d), the trigger is pressed (shown by the arrow). Setting the safety catch in the non-cocked state of the crossbow is performed by pressing a finger on the rear shoulder of the lock 122 (Fig. 32d). The latch is rotated on the axis 123, overcoming the resistance of the spring 124, and the protrusion of the safety lever breaks off the latch of the latch. The side edge of the front shoulder of the safety lever abuts against the side edge of the trigger. In this state, the safety device is ready for automatic arming when the weapon is cocked.

Cocking the crossbow is accompanied by the movement of the trigger to the forward position (shown by the arrow). In this case, the front shoulder of the safety lever slides off the side edge of the trigger, the protrusion prevents its further movement, and the crossbow becomes on the safety catch (Fig. 32e). It is also possible to put on a safety catch and remove from it when the boom is cocked. To do this, press, respectively, on the rear shoulders of the retainer with the last phalanx of the thumb or the safety lever with its penultimate phalanx.

FIG. 21 shows the sighting device in its initial state, corresponding to the direct firing range. When firing, track the movement of the target and make adjustments to the sighting device. When the range to the target is changed, the angle between the optical axis of the sighting device and the boom departure line is quickly changed. If necessary, turn on the switch 139 of the laser designator. When the range to the target increases, turn the control handle of the correction mechanism 129, pulling it with the middle, ring fingers and little finger of the left hand towards you. At the same time, the left thumb continues to wrap around the operating handle 5. The lower crank 126 rotates around the axis 127, and its motion is transmitted through the connecting rod 133 to the upper crank 130. The upper crank 130 rotates around the axis 131, compressing the hairpin spring (not indicated). Thus, the angle between the arrow departure line and the optical axis of the sight associated with the upper crank 130 is changed. To fix the range value (Fig. 33), depress the lock 147 of the stopper 142 by pressing the key 150 with the last phalanx of the index finger of the left hand. At the same time, the latch rotates about the axis 149 and disengages from the stopper 142. The stopper rotates under the action of the spring 151, and its tooth 146 engages the teeth of the sector 141 (Figs. 21, 33). After that, if it is necessary to reset the range value, press the stopper key 144 with the penultimate phalanx of the index finger, followed by turning the control knob for the correction mechanism 129 and releasing the key 150. The value of the range correction is determined by the range scale set on the bar 137. Holding the crossbow with both hands, raise it to the required elevation angle (Fig. 34). At the same time, the crossbow is leveled with a level in the field of view.

A working layout of the crossbow was made, according to the test results of which the performance of the proposed model and the availability of the declared technical results were proved.

In addition to the traditional use, such sports equipment can be used in the new sport of practical shooting or in spearfishing. A bow with movable and fixed blocks and compression springs can be used in its usual stand-alone capacity. This requires a change in its geometry, an increase in travel and a decrease in the stiffness of the springs. Also, the necessary accessories must be included in the design of the bow - a handle, an arrow shelf, a sight, etc.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A self-arrow containing a bow, a fore-end with a guide chute and a trigger, with a magazine catcher in the front and a latch in the rear, a removable flat box magazine with internal stops for arrowheads, an upper cover and an arrow feeder, a lower spring-loaded cover, characterized in that the side the plane of the store is located parallel to the plane of the bowstring movement, its lower spring-loaded cover contains a console made with the possibility of its periodic pressing by the cocking device by means of a system of levers, and the side edge of the lower cover of the store is made with the possibility of pressing the arrow to the guide chute.