EA028854B1 - Method for obtaining fssc (fibre-sludge-sulfur concrete) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the building materials industry - for road construction, in the manufacture of concrete and reinforced concrete products or structures, and also mortars. The technical result is the production of a new road surface, as well as construction concrete and reinforced concrete products or structures resistant to external mechanical and thermal impacts, aggressive environments, with increased crack resistance, hydrophobicity and production safety, during which no harmful substances (hydrogen sulphide and sulfurous anhydride) are emitted. The object of the invention is to develop a method for obtaining of FSSC having high resistance to corrosive environments, low and high temperatures, dynamic overloads, and the use in production of a sulfur-concrete mixture of industrial environmental waste for their utilization and elimination of occupational hazards. The said goal is achieved by a certain sequence, consisting of two stages: stage I - production of sulfur binder - modified sulfur (sulfur copolymer) produced from the lump sulfur acid by means of the vortex bed apparatus (VBA) with maximum capacity of 15-35 m/h; stage II - production of FSSC - at a mobile asphalt plant, sulfur binder and organic additives with inert fillers are mixed and heated (temperature no higher than 120°C, for 20-30 minutes): drilling sludge, basalt fiber and construction sand, resulting in melting of the modified sulfur (sulfur copolymer) in the environment of organic additives and inert fillers, for disperse reinforcement and composite.

Description

The invention relates to the construction materials industry - for road construction, in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products or structures, as well as mortars. EFFECT: obtaining a new pavement, as well as building concrete and reinforced concrete products or structures that are resistant to external mechanical and temperature effects, aggressive media, have increased crack resistance, hydrophobicity and safety of production, in which no harmful substances are emitted . The aim of the invention is to develop a method of obtaining FISSB with high resistance to aggressive environments, low and high temperatures, dynamic overloads, as well as the use in the production of sulfur-concrete mixture of industrial environmental waste for their disposal and eliminate the harmfulness of production. This goal is achieved by a specific sequence consisting of two stages: Stage I - the production of sulfur binder - modified sulfur (sulfur copolymer) produced from lump sulfur by means of a vortex layer apparatus (ABC) with a maximum productivity of 15-35 m / h; Stage II - production of FIShSB - in a mobile asphalt plant they mix and heat (temperature not higher than 120 ° C, for 20-30 min) sulfur binder and organic additives with inert fillers: drill cuttings, basalt fiber and building sand, as a result melting of modified sulfur (copolymer of sulfur) in the environment of organic additives and inert fillers for dispersion reinforcement and composite.

028854 Β1

028854

The invention relates to the construction materials industry - for road construction, in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products or structures, as well as mortars. EFFECT: obtaining a new pavement, as well as building concrete and reinforced concrete products or structures that are resistant to external mechanical and temperature effects, aggressive media, have increased crack resistance, hydrophobicity and safety of production, in which no harmful substances are emitted .

Sulfur binder - modified sulfur (sulfur copolymer) produced from lump sulfur by means of a vortex layer apparatus (ABC), sulfur concrete mixture containing sulfur binder, organic additives and inert fillers for dispersed reinforcement and composite: drilling cuttings (crude oil sludge (without thermal desorption), or oily soil, or cleaned oil sludge (after cleaning - thermal desorption); basalt fiber (short sections of basalt fiber, intended for dispersed reinforcement, fiber diameter from 20 to 500 microns, ina fiber from 1 to 150 mm); construction sand (GOST 8736-93, inorganic granular material with a grain size of up to 5 mm) in the following ratio of components in the total of 100%, wt.%: sulfur binder (modified sulfur) - 25- 30%; organic additives (oil sludge or contaminated soil) -15-20%; basalt fiber - 3-5%; building sand - 47-55%.

Description of the invention

The invention, as defined above, relates to the building materials industry - for road construction, in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products or structures, as well as building solutions.

The closest analogue of the sulfur binder according to the invention (RF Patent No. 2306285 published September 20, 2007) is a sulfur binder containing sulfur and a modifier, with the binder containing bicyclic terpenes - pinene in an amount of 1-5 wt.% Sulfur as a modifier. Sulfur concrete mixture contains sulfur binder of the above composition and filler - crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm, river river sand 0.5-2.5 mm and mineral flour in the following ratio of components of the filler, wt.%: Specified crushed stone - 40-60, specified sand - 20-30, mineral flour - the rest.

The disadvantage of it is the toxicity of the production technology (sulfur binder is obtained when the sulfur is heated to a temperature of 140-150 ° C); insufficient resistance to abrasion; low water tightness.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method of obtaining FISSB, which is highly resistant to aggressive media, low and high temperatures, dynamic overloads, and the use in the production of sulfur-concrete mixture of industrial environmental waste for their disposal and reduce the harmfulness of production.

This goal is achieved by a specific sequence consisting of two stages:

Stage I - production of sulfur binder - modified sulfur (sulfur copolymer) produced from lump sulfur by means of a vortex layer apparatus (ABC) with a maximum productivity of 1,535 m / h.

Sulfur binder is obtained as follows. Lump sulfur passes through the apparatus of the vortex layer (ABC), which is a hollow cylinder of non-magnetic material, inside which there are non-axial ferromagnetic particles, and an inductor with a system of windings that creates a rotating magnetic field is mounted outside. By bringing particles into a complex motion, the field forms a vortex layer from them in the working zone of the reactor. Each particle moves in the direction of rotation of the field with a speed that can reach its speed of rotation, and at the same time performs procession rotation around its smallest axis with a speed of up to 10 revolutions per second. Rotating and colliding, the particles emit vibrations of a wide range of frequencies (from tens of Hz to several KHz with a maximum in the range of 10-15 kHz) - acoustic and ultrasonic.

In the apparatus of the vortex layer, complex interactions occur between ferromagnetic particles, set in motion by a rotating magnetic field and the material being processed. This leads to the acceleration of the processes of mixing and grinding; In addition, these devices can be used as reactors.

Using the energy of electromagnetic fields is one of the ways to improve the efficiency of various chemical-technological processes.

A distinctive feature of the vortex apparatus with a rotating layer of ferromagnetic particles is high specific productivity, i.e. productivity per unit of working volume, as well as low energy costs per unit of production (specific energy consumption).

The term "modifying" refers to a process that allows you to control and improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of lump sulfur. Thus, the modification is a means of converting undesirable forms of sulfur into the required.

Earlier, the production of modified sulfur was a separate technological stage, which included the chemical reaction of liquid sulfur with a modifier, with the result that sulfur acquires plastic properties and provides a more durable sulfur compound with inert filler.

Lem. In this case, powdered polymer sulfur, and not liquid sulfur, enters the process of chemical reaction. As modifiers, various organic compounds can be used, which chemically react with sulfur to form copolymer sulfur.

Existing patents show that with the duration of the reaction of sulfur with a modifier due to the complexity of the system of mixing reagents and the inevitable release of hydrogen sulfide. This is explained by the fact that sulfur is usually obtained from hydrogen sulfide by the Claus method, which leads to saturation of marketable sulfur with hydrogen sulfide to a content of 30-35 ppm (one millionth part (paradise reg reg ιιιΐΐίοη - parts per million) unit of measurement of concentration) and more. Therefore, without preliminary degassing, sulfur cannot be used, since inevitable release of hydrogen sulfide will occur.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the method of obtaining a qualitatively new sulfur concrete using modified sulfur by changing the technological conditions and parameters of the process of interaction of sulfur with reagents, which ensures its purification from hydrogen sulfide, while significantly improving the quality of sulfur binder.

This copolymer of sulfur, with a modified molecular structure, is a fine powder material, which gives the main difference from other manufacturing techniques of sulfur concrete and meets the criterion of "novelty."

Subsequently, the sulfur copolymer is used according to the principle of preparing sulfur concrete, supplied by a volume-and-weight batcher to a mobile asphalt plant.

Stage II - production of FIShSB - in a mobile asphalt plant they mix and heat (temperature no higher than 120 ° C, for 20-30 min) sulfur binder and organic additives with inert fillers: drill cuttings, basalt fiber and building sand, resulting in melting of modified sulfur (sulfur copolymer) in the medium of organic additives and inert fillers, for disperse reinforcement and composite.

For the mobile asphalt plant, a copolymer of sulfur, drill cuttings (crude (cleaned) oil sludge or oily soil), construction sand (GOST 8736-93, inorganic granular material with grain size up to 5) are used for mixing in proportion to the volume-and-weight metering unit. mm), and basalt fiber (short sections of basalt fiber, intended for disperse reinforcement, fiber diameter from 20 to 500 microns, fiber length from 1 to 150 mm) is fed by fiber dispenser DDU-80F. Fiber dosing is carried out in an autonomous and automatic mode as part of a processing line.

The mixing process takes place in a mobile asphalt plant at a temperature of 120 ° C for 20-30 minutes.

Sulfur belongs to the 4th hazard class (GOST 12.1.005-88). Sulfur causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract, irritation of the skin, disease of the gastrointestinal tract; cumulative properties does not possess.

At a temperature of 150 ° C, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are released. Hydrogen sulfide is a potent poison on the central nervous system. Sulfurous anhydride, which is formed by burning sulfur, causes irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and upper respiratory tract. Maximum permissible mass concentrations in the air of the working zone: sulfur - 6 mg / m ³ ; sulfuric anhydride - 10 mg / m ³ ; hydrogen sulfide - 10 mg / m ³ .

Developed, the latest technological mixture - is a hot mixture, in accordance with GOST 22245-90 - the temperature of hot mixtures during installation should not be below 100-120 ° C.

The drill cuttings, after thermal treatment - 120 ° C in a thermal desorption system, are fed by a volume-weight batcher to a mobile asphalt plant and diluted as a percentage of the qualitatively new modified sulfur. Sulfur copolymer has the property, when molten, to mix with the sludge. Next is the process of adding the percentage of building sand and basalt fiber. Construction sand (GOST 8736-93) is an inorganic granular material with a grain size of up to 5 mm; as an inert component, FISHSB is supplied by a volume-weighted dispenser.

The basalt fiber is supplied by the Tee \ yP1 Oy fiber dosing unit manufactured by Tee \ yP1 Oy Ρίη1аиЕ, which is designed to work with steel, basalt, glass, polymeric and carbon fiber up to 50 mm in length.

The device and principle of operation of the Fiber Dispenser DDU-80F is a unique development of a disk dispenser for working with difficult-to-loose and strongly bonded materials.

DDU-80F consists of a special design mounted on strain gauges of a disk feeder connected to a storage tank and a pneumatic conveying installation (model DDU-80FP).

DDU-80F is a differential dosing unit that works with weight loss (To55-i1- \ Uesch1ts §u8Get).

The dispenser fully complies with the requirements of GOST 10223-97 Discrete Weight Dispensers.

At the final stage, FISSB (100-120 ° C) is transported in thermal cargo transport to the road construction site or to the site for the preparation of concrete slabs, sewer pipes, foundation 2 028854

tal piles and other construction products.

The novelty of the method of obtaining PhishSB also lies in the fact that drill sludge (cleaned (uncleaned) sludge or oil contaminated soil) are used as various organic compounds, and for dispersed 3Ό reinforcement - basalt fiber.

Studies were conducted in the testing laboratory of construction materials CJSC CIVSSM with the provision of a conclusion to the contractor LLC Engineering, which was provided with material in the form of drill cuttings in the amount of 40 kg. Based on the results obtained, the optimal compositions were selected in a quantitative-percentage ratio. According to the conclusion, it was revealed that during the processing of drill cuttings, the content of harmful substances in newly produced materials is reduced to harmless levels. Studies were conducted on the radioactivity of the prototypes in the Mangistau regional center of sanitary and epidemiological examination, where it was found that the sample data on the specific effective activity of the ERN are not radiation-hazardous in accordance with the NRB99 norms (Aud. Effe. <370 Bq / kg). Belongs to the 1st class of radiation hazard. (Annex on 10 pages).

In accordance with the criterion of "industrial applicability", FISSB, as a final product, is a special kind of sulfur concrete, the characteristics of which correspond to all construction, sanitary and hygienic, and environmental standards.

If, after the destruction of concrete structures, ordinary concrete is a construction waste, then the FISSB feature is that after destruction, it is necessary to crush and reuse in a mobile asphalt plant, heat up to a temperature of 120 ° C for 20-30 minutes and re-prepare a new product. Thus, the FISSB technology has no waste. Especially, this quality is important in the repair of concrete roads. The method of obtaining FIShB involves the use of special equipment and trained personnel. High adhesion of FIShSB requires precise observance of technological regulations and constant monitoring of the parameters and properties of the resulting product: temperature, useful life, laying time, etc. In addition, sulfur is an "unsafe" element that requires special care.

Quality indicators of FIShSB

Table 1

Name of the indicator Value Method of Definition Average density, kg / m ⁷ 2167 GOST 12730.1 Compressive strength, MPa 31.83 GOST 10180 Water absorption,% 0.06 GOST 12730.3 The change in compressive strength when 12 STO 5745-006-17725983- temperature 80 ° С, not more 2012 Frost resistance, cycles, not less (by the II basic method), kgf / cm ² 129.3 GOST 10060.0 Abradability, g / cm ² , not more than 0.3 GOST 13087 Water resistance coefficient, not less 0.94 Water resistant, ATI 9620 GOST 12730,5

table 2

Component name Content (wt.%) 8 - modified sulfur (sulfur copolymer) 25-30 C - oil sludge or contaminated soil 15-20 Gb- basalt fiber 3-5 SiO2 - construction sand 47-55

The implementation of the method of obtaining FISSB will reduce the cost of manufactured concrete, because instead of expensive raw materials (bitumen, cement, water, crushed stone), cheaper oil production waste (lump sulfur, oil sludge, oily soil) are used;

reuse of oil production waste (lump sulfur, drill cuttings, oily soil) as building materials, to minimize the anthropogenic impact of the oil and gas sector on the environment and can be one of the breakthrough projects of the green economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

does not exclude the use of crude oil sludge or contaminated soil with oil content. This process allows you to save on the cleaning of oil sludge or contaminated soil and use it as a building material. Today, almost all oil drilling facilities on land have a large amount of oil sludge formed, for the formation and disposal of which huge amounts of money are allocated, as a payment for environmental fees and fines;

allows to utilize all sulfur accumulated in Kazakhstan as aggregates for the construction of roads or concrete products for aggressive media. In this case, for subsoil users and

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the state eliminates the need for the construction of sulfur storages and the allocation of additional costs for environmental monitoring, excessive and regulatory payments for emissions;

due to the lack of water in the composition, make this material water-repellent (hydrophobic), which is very resistant to corrosive and chemical influences. The FIShSB is an ideal material for the manufacture of fundamental piles for structures of structures in areas with close groundwater storage, as well as for covering ramps in megalopolises that will not allow leakage and flooding from rainwater and snow melting;

provides an ideal material for the construction of hydraulic structures, such as dams, canals, moorings. During the construction of the berths, the foundation can be extended from cubic structures made of FIShSB, and the surface of the berth can be poured with hot FISHSB or covered with pre-fabricated concrete slabs of FSHSB. Building a solid foundation for moorings is a capital-intensive and time-consuming process that can be simplified and cheapened with the use of FIShB;

enables the construction of pavements at low temperatures (construction of roads in the winter) due to lack of water in the production process, which will allow the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to make a breakthrough in construction technologies and accelerate the pace of construction of pavements at significant distances. According to the principle of the construction of roads of ordinary concrete, the construction of roads in the winter is impossible. Any construction company suspends work for several months with the onset of cold weather and can start construction only during the warm period of the year;

opens new physical properties due to the absence of water in the composition of FIShSB, the product is not subject to destruction under the influence of moisture, it is resistant to aggressive media and dynamic loads, which gives, for example, the use of pavements for 10-15 years;

represents a safe production, in which no harmful substances are released (hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide), since the mixing process takes place in a mobile asphalt plant at a temperature of 120 ° C;

eliminates the need for a large number of road construction equipment for road sealing;

gives good material for the repair of the roadway. The usual asphalt cloth easily collapses under the influence of moisture and high temperatures. Also, the roads built during the Soviet period under the project are not designed for the weight of modern trucks and transported goods. Under the influence of precipitation, temperature, weight of transport, ordinary asphalt is easily destroyed, which is especially noticeable in the spring. For the budget, road repair is a costly part that needs to be allocated annually. When repairing at FISHSB, you can add color pigments (dyes) and thus prepare hot concrete in a similar color to the roadway. Thus, the repaired road sections will not stand out in a separate color from most of the roadway;

in practical implementation and construction of roads for the local population, subsoil users and the state will be able to solve strategic social problems, improve the road infrastructure of local roads, which in turn will lead to the creation of additional jobs and cheaper transportation costs, as well as reduce the burden of financial costs for the local budget to build roads and enhance the reputation of oil companies. In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 31, 2013 No. 1548 “On Amendment to the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 19, 2013 No. 636“ On Approval of the Roadmap for Employment 2020 ”, this direction provides for the promotion of employment by implementing infrastructure projects for the following types of work and facilities - capital, medium and current repairs of engineering and transport infrastructure (urban roads, intra-settlement and intra-production to horns, access roads, regional roads, sidewalks, dams, dams and bridges).

Raw materials for FIShSB

1. Lump sulfur - industrial waste.

A huge amount of passing sulfur has accumulated on the territory of Kazakhstan. Only at the Tengiz field, its volume is about 10 million tons. This sulfur is stored in open areas. Although the management of the oil companies does not consider sulfur as industrial waste and does not consider it as a hazardous material for the environment, it should be noted that the very fact of storing large amounts of toxic materials in open areas already represents an impressive process of technogenic impact. Systematically, large companies receive huge fines for the formation and storage of sulfur. In addition, with the start of industrial development of the Kashagan field, residents of Atyrau region will receive an additional colossal amount of sulfur formation.

2. Oil sludge - industrial waste.

In Kazakhstan, a large amount of oil sludge has accumulated - waste generated in the process of drilling oil. Formed sludge can be attributed to historical pollution as well as to modern 4 028854

nym. Sludge is mainly formed during the drilling process and emergency oil leaks on the terrain.

In the method of obtaining FIShB, we suggest using both crude oil sludge and purified in the process of thermal desorption. The process of thermal desorption is the burning of oil sludge at high temperatures as a result of which purified sludge, water and the composition of the base oil or oil products are formed.

Purified sludge after thermal desorption is a powder in the form of loam, which is not miscible with water, is hydrophobic. Because of this quality, the sludge after thermal desorption is stored at landfills and cannot be reused as building materials. Storage of sludge at landfills leads to an increase in the area of such landfills and withdrawal of additional land from agricultural use. FIShSB allows the use of purified sludge after thermal desorption as an inert material due to the melting of the sulfur copolymer. Sulfur copolymer tends to mix with sludge when molten. Today, almost all oil drilling facilities on land have a large amount of oil sludge formed, for the formation and disposal of which, enormous funds are paid as environmental payments and fines.

3. Basalt fiber.

Basalt fiber (from the Latin. Yomga - fiber) - short sections of basalt fiber, designed for dispersed reinforcement of cementitious mixtures, such as concrete, in construction. Fiber diameter from 20 to 500 microns. Fiber length from 1 to 150 mm. Basalt fiber is produced from the melt of rocks of the basalt type at a temperature above 1400 ° С. Purpose - dispersed 3Ό reinforcement of concrete and other products based on binders.

The uniqueness of the material lies in the fact that basalt fiber, made from natural stone, has very good chemical resistance. Fibers with a diameter of 16-18 microns have 100% resistance to water, 96% to alkali, 94% to acid. The modulus of elasticity of the fiber is in the range from 7 to 60 GPa, tensile strength from 600 to 3500 MPa.

Dispersed reinforcement with basalt fiber increases the following indicators of products:

1) Impact strength up to 500%. This indicator describes the fragility of the material and is estimated by the amount of work that needs to be spent on the destruction of the material.

2) Abrasion resistance up to 300%.

3) Flexural strength up to 300%, splitting up to 200%, compression up to 150%, along axial stretching up to 150%.

4) The crack resistance limit is up to 250%. This indicator characterizes the ability of the fiber to prevent the occurrence and spread of cracks due to three-dimensional reinforcement.

5) Frost resistance up to 200%.

6) Corrosion resistance up to 500%. This indicator is achieved due to the absence of cracks and is influenced by a decrease in the carbonization depth.

7) Cavitation resistance up to 400%.

8) Water resistant to 150%.

Basalt fiber increases crack resistance three times, splitting strength twice, impact strength 5 times, which makes it possible to effectively use it in the construction of earthquake-resistant structures, explosion-proof objects and military fortifications. The characteristics of basalt fiber allow it to be used for the construction of radio-transparent structures of complex shape. None of the materials can improve the resistance to abrasion of floors like basalt fiber. It is well known that having unique properties, basalt casting is successfully used in industry as a coating in order to prevent abrasive wear.

The mechanism of action of the fiber in industrial floors is similar, the fiber prevents abrasive wear. Resistance to abrasion increases at least three times and, accordingly, the useful life of floors is tripled. A very important indicator for floors is shock load. Basalt fiber allows you to increase the shock load more than 5 times. All requirements to the quality of industrial floors are met: high resistance to various types of loads (statistical, shock, dynamic, abrasive), good resistance to temperature changes, very high resistance to chemical influences. The advantages of floors made on the basis of basalt fiber include low consumption of steel and concrete, short time and low laboriousness of filling works, preventing cracking at the stage of hardening products, obtaining volume reinforcement, three-dimensional structure, a significant reduction in the thickness of the concrete floor while maintaining strength characteristics.

The main advantages of hydraulic structures made with basalt fiber:

1) durability;

2) high resistance to abrasion;

3) high impact resistance;

4) high frost resistance;

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5) high corrosion resistance;

6) increased water resistance.

The difference between basalt fiber and metal fiber is that, first of all, basalt fiber does not have a negative cathode effect in the products, and it is also not subject to any corrosion. By volume, one metal fiber with a diameter of 1 mm corresponds to more than 600 basalt fibers, while the surface area of the basalt fiber is more than 25 times greater. The specific weight of the metal fiber is 7.8 t / m ³ , and basalt 2,8 t / m ³ . This means that the mass of fiber requires 2.7 times less and the product based on basalt fiber is lighter. Also products based on basalt fiber are radio transparent and have no transformer effect. Metal fibers are produced in different configurations with a wavy, with flattened and curved ends to increase anchorness, due to the weak adhesion of the metal and the cement matrix. Dispersion reinforcement with basalt fiber increases the plasticity of the concrete mass and reduces the formation of shrinkage cracks and, unlike steel mesh, which has value only after the concrete has cracked, the fiber prevents cracks in the concrete even at the stage when it is in a plastic state.

At present, during the construction of roads, pavements made of concrete provide for the occurrence of cracks and so that the cracks do not have a continuation, these concrete slabs have inter-concrete separation areas.

In the works of Parfenov A.V. "Impact endurance of concretes based on steel and synthetic fibers" shows that the positive effect of disperse reinforcement at the stages of structure formation and loading of concrete begins to be realized after reaching the volume concentration of fiber that determines the initial volume-spatial connectivity of the fibrous structure. For fiber with a ratio of length to diameter and 10 ² , this minimum concentration is about 0.3% at the optimum - about 1-1.5%. Also investigated a number of effective types of fibers, which, when introduced into the concrete mix, increase the impact endurance of concrete to a decimal order. On the basis of steel and synthetic fibers, concretes of 51-fold impact endurance were obtained in comparison with the initial heavy concrete. The analysis of linear dependences of the relative level of dynamic stresses on the basis of experiments from the number of impacts to failure in semilogarithmic coordinates, characterized by quantitative coefficients of dynamic hardening and endurance, showed that the increased impact endurance of concrete with dispersed reinforcement is predetermined by the increased elastic-viscous properties of these concrete and the increased coefficient of dynamic hardening. The data of a comparative analysis of the results of piling on the basis of heavy concrete and standard dense aggregates and experimental piles with dispersed-reinforced head showed the effectiveness of fiber-reinforced concrete in the production of high impact endurance piles.

4. Construction sand.

Sand is a sedimentary rock, as well as artificial material consisting of rock grains, a fine mixture of grains of various minerals ranging in size from 0.15 to 5 mm, which is formed during the destruction of solid rocks. They are distinguished by the type of occurrence, the content of clay and dust particles in its composition, and the size of the module. According to the grain size, the sands differ in large (particle size from 2 to 5 mm), medium (from 0.5 to 2 mm) and small (less than 0.5 mm). Its density depends on the clay content in it - pure sand may have a density of 1.3 tons per cubic meter. meter, and with a high content of clay and moisture - 1.8 tons per cubic meter. meter Sand can be of different types depending on the extraction and the degree of purification from impurities, namely, "Supez", "Alluvium", "Quarry", "Sea", "Construction" and "Sand-gravel mixtures". Very often consists of an almost pure quartz mineral (silica substance).

The "Career" sand is sand, where natural and artificial quarries are mined. On the territory of the Aktobe region there are several large quarries and many small ones. Currently, quarry sand is mined in quarries, both as the main material and as a by-product in the extraction of rubble. Quarry sand is a large bulk material, the distinguishing feature of which is the high content of stone-clay impurities and large fragments of various foreign particles. Construction career sands are widely used in road and residential construction for backfilling. According to its characteristics, career sand is not of high quality, but due to its relatively low cost, quarry sand is widely used in zero-cycle works, in erecting roads and laying oil and gas areas.

Sand such as "sand and gravel mix" is intended for use in road works. Today on the market there are two types of products: enriched sands and natural. In accordance with GOST 8267-93, gravel mixes are characterized by certain indicators; sand (sand-gravel mix) of natural origin provides for a grain size of at least 5 mm. They should, as a rule, be at least ten percent and maximum ninety-five percent of the total mass of sand. This standard applies to crushed stone and gravel from rocks with an average density of grains from 2.0 to 3.0 g / cm, used as aggregates for heavy concrete, as well as for road and other types of construction work.

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To obtain FIShSB used sand for construction work in accordance with GOST 873693. This standard applies to natural sand rocks with a true density of grains from 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm, intended for use as aggregate of heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, building mortars, preparation of dry mixes, for the device of the bases and coverings of highways and airdromes. The requirements of this standard do not apply to fractionated and crushed sands.

Conclusion

The method of producing FIShSB (Fibro-Shlamo-Sero-Concrete) is a method of converting environmental oil industry waste in the process of technical production to create, with optimal costs, a qualitatively new composition of concrete, which is a hydrophobic concrete mixture containing modified sulfur, sulfides and intended for construction qualitatively new pavement or various hydraulic structures.

This method of obtaining FISSB also appears to be resource-saving due to the reuse of industrial waste oil as a building material in the construction of modern concrete roads with an attractive cost.

Claims (2)

CLAIM 1. The method of obtaining FIShSB (Fibro-Shlamo-Sero-Concrete), including the preparation of sulfur binder, characterized in that the sulfur binder, organic additives and inert fillers for disperse reinforcement and composite are mixed and heated to a temperature not exceeding 120 ° C for 20 -30 min, thus ensuring the melting of sulfur or copolymer of sulfur in the environment of organic additives. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is carried out in the following ratio, wt.%: modified sulfur (sulfur copolymer) 25-30; oil sludge or contaminated soil 15-20; basalt fiber 3-5; building sand 47-55.