EA026832B1 - Method and apparatus for lighting an area intended for stay and/or movement of persons and vehicles, in particular road tunnels - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for lighting with a predetermined illuminance an environment (11, 12) intended for the stay and/or for the passage of people and/or vehicles comprises steps of selecting and installing in the environment (11, 12) at least one passive lighting element (13) comprising a photoluminescent pigment, typically a material of formula AlSrCaO:Eu, Dy and/or an Europium and/or Dysprosium-doped alkaline-earth aluminate, in particular a material of formula SrAlO:Eu, Dy or SrAlO:Eu, Dy, B, adapted to emit a photoluminescent light flux (13') when exposed to a primary light flux (19'). In an aspect of the invention, the environment (11, 12) has at least one electrically suppliable active lighting body (19) or a pre-existing electric lighting installation, which is adapted to generate the primary light flux (19'), and the method provides supplying an adjusted electric power to at least one active lighting body (19) to generate the primary light flux (19') that is summed to the photoluminescent flux (13'), producing the required illuminance. According to another aspect of the invention, the method provides steps of selecting the at least one active lighting body (19) in such a way that, by supplying it with a predetermined electric power, the primary light flux (19') and the luminescent light flux (13') produce together the required illuminance value. The method remarkably reduces the lighting energy consumptions as well as the costs of the lighting installation. In an exemplary embodiment, the environment is a road or motorway environment (11, 12), for example a or pedestrian road tunnel (11). The passive lighting element (13) can be a photoluminescent stripe (13) arranged on the wall (10, 10') and parallel to the ground (9), having a predetermined width (H).

Description

The present invention relates to a method of lighting, continuously or during the night, of such sections of roads and motorways as tunnels, metro stations, etc., underground parking lots, etc.

In addition, the invention relates to an auxiliary lighting element for such a lighting device and to a method for manufacturing such an auxiliary lighting element.

Object of the invention

Permanent or night illumination of such an area of space as road tunnels and other road area of space, metro stations, underground parking lots, etc., as a rule, is carried out using electric lighting systems, which leads to the corresponding energy consumption. Some of the most commonly used types of light sources include fluorescent lamps, usually sodium lamps, and more recently, LED lamps.

Energy consumption is a particularly important aspect for road and highway tunnels, since in this case it also applies to daytime. In the case of tunnels for roads and motorways, to increase the visibility of the edge of the highway and to reduce energy costs for lighting, the tunnel wall or part of it is painted. White paint is usually used because it has better reflectivity. This makes it possible to save only a small amount of energy.

A significant contribution to the consumption and cost of the lighting installation for the tunnel is made by the so-called reinforced lighting zones, i.e. entrance areas where regulations require more intense local lighting conditions to help human vision adapt when moving from daylight outside to artificial lighting in the tunnel. In other words, the power of the light sources should be installed in the entrance zone higher than in other areas of the tunnel. In more detail, the lighting devices are installed at a shorter distance from each other, and / or more powerful lighting devices are installed than in the inner sections of the tunnel. As a rule, the length of the section with enhanced lighting in the tunnels of freeways is approximately 220-240 m, taking into account the adaptation time of normal human vision, and assuming that the vehicle is moving at a speed close to the maximum allowable. For example, on a freeway, this speed can be about 130 km / h.

In addition, if a conventional lighting system is used to illuminate the tunnels, on a section of the road, as well as in another dark area of the space, in the event of a sudden disappearance of lighting and in the event of a possible failure of an uninterrupted electrical or emergency system, a state of darkness may arise, which poses a serious danger for users, even if the tunnel wall, road element or part of a dark area of space is painted. In addition, conventional painting cannot effectively isolate walls if there is no electric lighting installation.

EP 0 710 709 A1 describes a phosphorescent material containing in its most general form a matrix with the formula M1-xA1 ₂ O ₄ -x, where M is at least one metal selected from calcium, strontium and barium, x is a non-zero number wherein the matrix contains europium as an activator and as a coactivator - at least one element, which may be dysprosium. It also relates to a method for imparting luminescent properties to an object, such as an alarm element, a road sign, a railing, by applying a base of the above luminescent material. However, the application of a luminescent base is used only to make the object better visible while riding.

EP 1746078 A1 describes a luminescent substance obtained by applying alternating layers of luminescent and glass particles to a glass base, which is located on a ceramic base, and creating an outer protective glass layer. EP 1746078 A1 also relates to elements of indicative signs of an escape route made from said luminescent substance.

1Р 2004176457 describes luminescent floor material, which in an emergency allows a person to safely head to the rescue exit, even if the emergency power supply system fails or is turned off. A groove is formed on the open surface of the floor material, and a linear luminescent layer is located on the ground surface of the groove.

1P 2005205258 relates to a method of manufacturing a luminescent coating film for the formation of a temporary coating without problems of smell and safety, which provides for the use of a special heating / drying system. A coating base material containing an insoluble resin cured by radiation is applied together with a photopolymerization initiator and a luminescent pigment, and then irradiated to form a base coating film. Then a coating material is applied that contains an insoluble resin that cures under the influence of radiation, a photopolymerization initiator and a luminescent pigment in which the ratio between the resin and the pigment is set between 2 and 0.25.

- 1,026,832

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for illuminating an area of a space intended for people and vehicles to enter and / or pass, in particular road tunnels, or other road environment, which provides a significant reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional electric lighting installations, providing the same area illumination space.

In addition, the aim of the invention is to provide a method and device for lighting, which leads to lower costs for placement and maintenance than the cost of installing the previous level, providing the same illumination of the area of space.

In addition, the aim of the invention is to provide such a method and device that provide suitable residual lighting if the power supply of active lighting devices of the device has disappeared.

Another objective of the invention is the creation of a passive lighting element, in particular one that can be used to achieve the above objectives.

In a first aspect of the present invention, these and other objectives are achieved by a lighting method with a predetermined amount of illumination of a region of a space for staying and / or for a passage of people and / or vehicles, wherein the region of space has at least one active lighting device made with the possibility of supplying power and with the possibility of creating a primary light flux, this method includes the following steps:

selecting at least one passive lighting element containing a photoluminescent pigment, wherein at least one passive lighting element is configured to emit a photoluminescent light stream as a result of excitation by the primary light stream;

placing at least one passive lighting element in the space, in a position that ensures the reception of the primary light flux;

supplying electricity to at least one part of the at least one active lighting device, so that at least one active lighting device creates a primary light flux, which, in total with the photoluminescent light flux, provides a predetermined amount of illumination.

In other words, the space region is equipped with an active lighting device or an existing electric lighting installation, which is configured to create a primary light stream, and the method provides electric energy to at least one active lighting device or part thereof to create a primary stream, which, when combined with a photoluminescent flow, provides the required illumination as a result of primary illumination and secondary photoluminescent illumination.

In a second aspect of the invention, the aforementioned objectives are achieved by using a lighting method with a predetermined amount of illumination of an area of space intended for people and / or vehicles to stay and / or pass, the method includes the following steps:

the selection of at least one active lighting device configured to supply power and with the possibility of creating a primary light flux;

selecting at least one passive lighting element containing a photoluminescent pigment, wherein at least one passive lighting element is configured to emit a photoluminescent light stream as a result of excitation by the primary light stream;

wherein at least one active lighting device and at least one passive lighting element are selected in such a way that when the electric power is supplied to at least one active lighting device, the primary light flux and the photoluminescent light flux together provide a predetermined amount of illumination, placement in the space region at least one active lighting device and at least one passive lighting element, with at least one active lighting flax device and at least one passive lighting element are arranged relative to each other in such a position that at least one passive lighting element receives the primary light beam;

power supply of at least one active lighting device.

The advantage of passive lighting elements that contain photoluminescent pigment is that they return a significant portion of the light coming from active lighting devices, usually from an electric lighting installation. Without passive lighting elements, this radiation would be absorbed by the structures and, therefore, would be lost.

In other words, the photoluminescent pigment makes it possible to more efficiently use the light radiation emitted by active lighting devices. This is especially appropriate in the area of space, which is enclosed within the walls and is constantly illuminated by electric lighting installations, for example, road tunnels, but also metro stations and similar places.

Therefore, with the help of such a passive lighting element, it is possible to obtain a given illumination in such regions of space, with less light emission emitted by active lighting devices, i.e. electric lighting installation, if any. In more detail, with the same illumination, it is possible to use or install fewer lighting elements, or use less powerful lighting elements, or reduce the energy absorbed by existing lighting systems.

Accordingly, the method makes it possible to reduce operating costs for electric lighting installations and to reduce the cost of placing a lighting installation. The larger the surface of the passive lighting element or elements, the higher the savings. In fact, the magnitude of the photoluminescent light returned by passive lighting elements is proportional to the illuminated area, as well as the intensity of the light with which it is illuminated, i.e. proportional to the amount of irradiated photoluminescent pigment.

Preferably, the active lighting device or devices comprise LED lighting devices. In particular, active lighting devices are adapted to emit a primary light flux including light with a wave spectrum ranging from violet - ultraviolet to blue.

In more detail, at least one active lighting device is configured to emit a primary light flux including light with a wave spectrum shorter than 480 nm, preferably shorter than 450 nm, even more preferably shorter than 430 nm.

Alternatively, the active lighting device or devices comprise halogen lighting devices. Alternatively, the active lighting device or devices comprise lighting devices selected from metal halide lighting devices, high pressure sodium lighting devices, incandescent lighting devices.

Another advantage of passive lighting elements containing photoluminescent pigment, which manifests itself if active lighting devices are broken or turned off, is that they emit photoluminescent or secondary light radiation for a predetermined time after failure or in any case after shutdown. In conditions of normal illumination of tunnels, other road areas of the airport space and structures, this time is about 30 minutes, during which a good level of visibility is maintained, after 30 minutes a passive lighting element or elements continue to emit light with gradually damping intensity.

In particular, a passive lighting element or elements may make visible the edge of the strip and / or roadway, the tunnel wall or other side structures or any obstacles that may lie on the roadway, provided that the dimming lasts less than the stipulated time. This occurs, in particular, if the passive lighting element or elements are arranged appropriately along the road area of the space.

The residual illumination of the road area of the space after the onset of dimming allows you to limit possible impulsive reactions of drivers, such as sudden braking, which can lead to accidents. Therefore, passive lighting elements can act in conjunction with uninterrupted power supplies, or even replace them, especially in places with usually strong lighting, such as department stores, sports facilities, short tunnels.

In particular, a region of space that has at least one passive lighting element is a region of space of a road or motorway. The area of space may be a carriageway or lane, an emergency lane, and also a structure or parking area. The predominantly passive lighting element is in the form of a strip located along the side structure of the space region of the road or motorway, as described in more detail below.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the area of space is a road, freeway or pedestrian tunnel. Preferably, the passive lighting element is continuously or intermittently located along the tunnel wall and has a surface of at least 0.5 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length. In particular, the lighting device has a surface of at least 1 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length. In particular, the lighting device has a surface of at least 1.5 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length. Preferably, the lighting device has a surface of at least 2 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length, even more preferably the lighting device has a surface of at least 2.5 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length.

Preferably, the lighting device is in the form of a continuous strip or sections of a continuous strip spaced at intervals parallel to the surface of the earth, having a predetermined width and located at a predetermined distance from the ground. In particular, the strip is located between the lower height on the wall and the upper height on the wall. Advantageously, the lower height is at a distance from the ground between 0 and 0.8 m. Preferably, the strip width is at least 0.5 m, more preferably the width is at least 1 m, more preferably 3,026,832 is preferably at least 1.5 m, more preferably the width is at least 2 m, more preferably the width is at least 2.5 m, setting from a lower strip height.

Alternatively or in addition, a passive lighting element is placed along the surface of the bounding structure of the road area of the space, in particular the surface of the railing or parapet or along the surface of the New Jersey type barrier.

Passive lighting element can be placed on fixed structures that limit the road area of the space, for example the facades of structures along the space area, as well as sound-absorbing panels.

Alternatively or in addition, the passive lighting element is a strip located along part of the pavement, in particular the pavement in the tunnel, in particular the portion of the pavement on which the strip is located, is selected between the base and the edge of the pavement, or a combination thereof.

The illuminated area of the space that is created using passive lighting elements in accordance with the present invention may also be a space area limited by walls, such as a metro station, underground parking lot, a shop, such as a shopping mall, gym, gym, swimming pool and other

Another advantage of certain photoluminescent materials and passive lighting elements containing photoluminescent pigment is that they can emit a secondary light flux that is strong enough to highlight, in particular, the side road lanes restricting the structures of the road area of the space, even if they were illuminated for a short time, i.e. minutes, with active lights such as car headlights. Thus, the method mainly includes the step of measuring the effective illumination of at least one location of the space region and the step of adjusting the supplied electric power so that the measured illumination has a value close to the specified predetermined illumination value.

In addition, photoluminescence also provides illumination for the road area of space, and another area of space that does not receive any permanent natural or artificial lighting, for example, roads and tunnels that are not equipped with a lighting system and are illuminated only by the headlights of vehicles passing through them.

In particular, the photoluminescent pigment is suitable for emitting a photoluminescent light flux including light in part of the visible wave spectrum, which essentially corresponds to yellow-green light. In more detail, this photoluminescent luminous flux contains light with a wavelength of substantially 500 to 590 nm, more preferably 510 to 580 nm, even more preferably 520 to 570 nm. Thus, the eye of the subject, which moves from the illuminated outer region of space, more easily and quickly adapts to the conditions of illumination in the illuminated environment, since the light of the photoluminescent light flux is in the region of maximum sensitivity of the human eye. Thus, even in the case when the photoluminescent flux is noticeably weaker than the primary flux, the eye quickly adapts to the change from daylight to the lighting conditions that exist in the region of space. In other words, the yellow-green light helps and accelerates the transition from the daylight vision, wherein a typical brightness higher than 3 cd / m ^2, for night vision, wherein a typical brightness higher than 0,001 cd / m ^2. As a rule, adaptation time is reduced by 1/3. For example, under certain conditions, the adaptation time of the normal eye changes from 3 to 2 s. This technical effect is especially advantageous in the case of road tunnels, since it makes it possible to reduce the so-called section with enhanced lighting at the entrance by about one third of the normal length, with the same adaptation of the eye, for example, in a highway tunnel, from 240,250 to 160-170 m. thus significantly reducing construction costs and / or energy consumption of the lighting installation. Most of the photoluminescent pigments, which are obtained using the process of chemical synthesis, is characterized by a yellow-green glow.

However, the color of the photoluminescent light flux emitted by the photoluminescent pigment may be a color other than yellow-green, for example, the color of the photoluminescent light flux may be one of the colors permitted for traffic signs, i.e. white, blue, red and others.

In particular, the photoluminescent pigment contains europium (Ey) and / or dysprosium (Iu), for example, it contains isotopes of It and / or Iu. For example, a photoluminescent pigment contains a material with the formula L1 _x §t _y Ca (1- _y ) 0 ₂ : Eu, Yi, where x, y, ζ are integers, and / or it contains alkali-doped europium and / or dysprosium aluminate earth metal, in particular material with the formula §tL1 ₂ 0 ₄ : Eu, Yiwu or §tL1 ₂ 0 ₄ : Eu, Yiu, V.

In an exemplary embodiment, the photoluminescent pigment contains a composition comprising, in predetermined proportions:

Iu trioxide dysprosium ₂ 0 _3; strontium carbonate §m ₂ C0 ₃ ;

- 4,026,832 alumina A1 ₂ O ₄ ; europium trioxide Eu ₂ O ₃ ; boric acid H ₃ BO ₄ .

In particular, the photoluminescence of some of these substances is not associated with the emission of potentially harmful radiation to health, in other words, these substances are slightly radioactive, in contrast to other luminescent materials and phenomena. For this reason, such substances can typically be used in places where people or animals can stay or walk.

In an exemplary embodiment, the step of installing passive lighting elements includes the step of painting walls covering an area of the space with paint containing a photoluminescent pigment. Advantageously, the ink is obtained by a process that involves mixing a photoluminescent pigment with a resin, typically a siloxane resin.

In this case, the step may include regeneration of the surface layer of the existing passive lighting element having an opaque surface exposed to the space region, the regeneration step includes the step of applying a layer of paint or transparent painted resin to the opaque surface of the passive lighting element to remove opaque deposits and restore the optical characteristics of the passive lighting element.

The method may include the step of pre-placing the removable member, i.e. one that can be installed and then removed, having a surface containing a photoluminescent pigment, in particular, the step of pre-placing a panel, plate or tile, the step of placing passive lighting elements includes the step of placing removable elements in the space region.

The active lighting fixtures of a lighting installation of a tunnel of a road or a freeway are advantageously provided with shielding elements adapted to shield tunnel users who move in the direction of travel along the tunnel from the primary light flux, so that the primary light flux creates the necessary illumination without dazzling users. This ensures optimal use of the photoluminescent luminous flux created by the passive lighting element or elements, since the user experiences less pronounced contraction of the pupil due to the luminous flux coming from active lighting devices.

The above objectives are also achieved by using a passive lighting element for lighting the area of space, designed for the stay and / or passage of people and / or vehicles, where the passive lighting element contains a photoluminescent pigment. In particular, the passive lighting element is made and placed in the area of space in accordance with the steps of the method described above. In particular, the photoluminescent pigment contains europium (Ey) and / or dysprosium (Oy), for example, it contains isotopes of Ey and / or Oy. In particular, the photoluminescent pigment contains a material with the formula Lk-ZsSa, -m O / Pi, Oy, where x, y, ζ are integers, and / or it contains an alkaline earth metal aluminate, for example, a material with the formula §mA1 ₂ O ₄ : Yee, Oy or §tA1 ₂ O ₄ : Yetz, Oy, B.

These goals are also achieved thanks to a lighting device for lighting with a predetermined amount of illumination of the area of space intended for the stay and / or passage of people and vehicles, in particular, the environment bounded by walls, such as pedestrian tunnels, metro stations or underground parking lots, and the device contains at least one active lighting device configured to supply power and with the possibility of creating a primary light flux;

at least one passive lighting element containing a photoluminescent pigment suitable for emitting a given photoluminescent light flux when exposed to the primary light flux;

moreover, at least one active lighting device and at least one passive lighting element are placed when used in the field of space in accordance with such a mutual position that at least one passive lighting element receives the primary light flux, and at least one active lighting device and at least one passive lighting element is selected so that when applying a predetermined electrical energy to at least one active lighting device The primary luminous flux and the photoluminescent luminous flux together create a given amount of illumination.

The invention also relates to the use of a photoluminescent pigment in order to create a passive lighting element for a space region illuminated by a lighting system comprising at least one active lighting device with the possibility of supplying power, in particular a photoluminescent pigment containing europium and / or dysprosium, more preferably , photoluminescent pigment containing doped with europium and / or dysprosium alkaline earth metal aluminate, in particular mater ial with the formula §tA1 ₂ O ₄ : Ey, Oy or §tA1 ₂ O ₄ : Ey, Oy, B.

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Brief Description of the Drawings

Now the invention will be shown with a description of examples of the method and device, as well as a passive lighting element in accordance with the invention, illustrating, but not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numbers indicate the same or similar parts in all the drawings, in which :

in FIG. 1 schematically shows a region of space equipped with a lighting device containing active lighting devices with the possibility of power supply, and also containing passive lighting photoluminescent elements;

in FIG. 2 is a graph showing the intensity of the afterglow of some photoluminescent materials after irradiation with exciting light of 1000 lux for 10 minutes;

in FIG. 3-5 shows a road / pedestrian tunnel equipped with a lighting device comprising active lighting devices and passive lighting elements, in particular FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an end portion of a tunnel;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section along a plane parallel to the carriageway;

in FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section;

in FIG. 6-8 show a road / pedestrian tunnel equipped with active lighting devices and passive lighting elements in accordance with another embodiment having an increased light intensity, in particular FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the end of the tunnel;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section along a plane parallel to the carriageway; in FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section through a tunnel.

in FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a road region of a space equipped with active lighting devices and passive side lighting elements, in accordance with the following embodiment of the invention;

in FIG. 10 and 11 show a longitudinal section through the tunnel of FIG. 3-9, containing an enhanced lighting installation without photoluminescent passive lighting elements and with them, respectively;

in FIG. 12 schematically shows the space region of FIG. 1, which also contains means for regulating the energy supplied to the active lighting devices in accordance with the illumination received by the area of space;

in FIG. 13 schematically shows layers of a passive lighting element applied by painting;

in FIG. 14 shows the element of FIG. 13 after the regeneration step;

in FIG. 15, 16 and 17 show a portion of a freeway tunnel used to test the lighting efficiency of passive lighting elements in accordance with the invention, in cross section of the outer surface of the road surface, in longitudinal section along the middle plane, and in cross section of the outer surface of the tunnel arch;

in FIG. 18 is a graph showing the attenuation of the brightness of the photoluminescent radiation emitted by the passive lighting element in accordance with the invention after turning off the active lighting devices in the tunnel of FIG. 15-17.

Description of preferred embodiments

In FIG. 1 shows a region of space 12, which may be a region of space bounded by building structures, such as walls 10, ground 31, and a ceiling or arch 30, intended for people and / or vehicles to stay and / or pass, such as a road or pedestrian tunnel, station metro, underground parking, shop, sports facility, etc., and equipped with an electric lighting system. The lighting installation comprises at least one active lighting device 19, where active means that it is connected to the power supply device 26. The active lighting device 19 is adapted and installed to create a primary luminous flux 19 'in the region of space 12. In the region of space 12, for example, on the wall 10, at least one passive lighting element 13 is installed that contains a photoluminescent pigment lying on its surface.

As used herein, a photoluminescent pigment means a material suitable for producing a primary light flux, for example, a primary light flux 19 ′ generated by lighting devices 19 of an electric lighting installation in a region of space 12, and suitable for emitting a photoluminescent light flux 13 ′ as a result of a primary light flux 19 ′ in the duration of the delay time after receiving the primary luminous flux 19 'and for a predetermined time.

In more detail, a pigment is considered to be photoluminescent, if after excitation by irradiation to a predetermined level of illumination for a predetermined time, for example, several minutes, it continues to glow, i.e. continues to emit secondary or photoluminescent light for a certain time, for example, about 30-40 minutes, with a brightness greater than a predetermined value.

For example, according to ΌΙΝ67510, the photoluminescent pigment is one that

- 6 026832 stays on for more than 30 minutes at a brightness of at least 0,003 cd / ^m2 (candela per square meter), after excitation by irradiation of 1000 lux for 5 min.

The photoluminescent pigment may contain europium (Her), and / or dysprosium (Oy), and / or the corresponding isotopes. In particular, the photoluminescent pigment may contain a material with the formula A1, .8 g _in Ca | _y, o /: Eu. Oh, where x, y, ζ are integers.

The photoluminescent pigment may also contain an alkaline earth metal aluminate, for example, a material with the formula 8tA1 ₂ O ₄ : Eu, Oy or 8tA1 ₂ O ₄ : Eu, Oy, B. For example, the photoluminescent pigment may be a pigment known as MHC-4B or MHC-4C.

This kind of material does not exhibit significant radioactivity; after irradiation, before illumination of 1000 lux for 10 min to 23 ° C, it exhibits an afterglow intensity that changes with time, as shown in the graph in FIG. 2.

In an exemplary embodiment, the photoluminescent pigment may contain a composition comprising such substances in predetermined proportions:

dysprosium trioxide Eu ₂ O ₃ ; strontium carbonate §m ₂ CO ₃ ; aluminum oxide A1 ₂ O ₄ ; europium trioxide Eu ₂ O ₃ ; boric acid H ₃ BO ₄ .

Active lighting devices 19 may be well-known lighting devices, preferably LED devices, as well as halogen or metal halide lighting devices, high-pressure sodium lighting devices, incandescent lighting devices. To activate the photoluminescent pigment, the active lighting devices 19 are preferably adapted to emit light with a wavelength shorter than 480 nm, preferably shorter than 450 nm, even more preferably shorter than 430 nm, which corresponds to the blue - violet - ultraviolet or violet - ultraviolet part spectrum.

With reference to FIG. 1, when the electric power specified by the power supply device 26 is supplied to the active lighting device 19, the primary luminous flux 19 'generated by the active lighting device 19 is added to the photoluminescent light flux 13' created by the auxiliary lighting devices 13, creating illumination of a predetermined value in the space region 12.

The amount of illumination may be a predetermined amount of illumination for a region of space 12, i.e. the calculated value of illumination for the lighting installation of the area of space 12, for example, the calculated value prescribed by the standards.

A consequence of the use of passive lighting elements 13 is a decrease in the radiation power necessary for active lighting devices 19 to obtain a predetermined amount of illumination in the region of space 12, compared with the option in which there are no passive lighting elements 13. This reduces, firstly, the total electricity supplied to the active lighting devices 19. For example, in the area of space 12 provided with an electric lighting installation, this can preferably be done with regulation of the power supplied to the active illuminating elements 19. Alternatively, the energy may be provided with only some of the lighting devices 19 active, or active lighting devices 19 may be replaced by less powerful lamps.

In the case of the area of space 12 for which a new lighting installation is to be constructed, active lighting devices 19, i.e. their rated power, as well as their number and position, can be selected, and the spatial dimensions of the passive lighting elements 13 can be selected and determined, so that the prescribed or required design illumination of the area of space 12 is obtained by summing the effects of the primary light flux 19 'and the photoluminescent light flux thirteen'. Passive lighting elements 13 are located in the positions of the region of space 12, which allow them to receive the primary luminous flux 19 '.

With reference to FIG. 3-5, a passive lighting element 13 is described which is located on a surface 10 in a space region, in this case, a road region of space, which may be at least partially in the tunnel 11. In the embodiment, as shown, the tunnel 11 equipped with a lighting installation, which contains many active lighting devices 19 with the possibility of power supply, such as lighting devices 19, which are located, for example, along the midline of the arch 20 of the tunnel 11. Active lighting devices 19 special for emitting the primary luminous flux 19 '.

In this embodiment, the passive lighting element 13 is made or located on the surface of the side wall 10 of the tunnel 11. The passive lighting element may be in the form of a strip 13 located along the wall 10. In the shown case, the strip 13 is parallel to the ground 9 and has a width H. For a given power of each lighting fixture 19 and for a given width H of photoluminescence 7,026,832 of the minescent strip 13, the tunnel 11 can be provided with predetermined illumination by placing the lighting fixtures 19 with a predetermined interval Ό from each other.

In order to make a tangible contribution to the illumination of the tunnel, the width H is at least 0.5 meters, preferably at least 1 m, preferably at least 1.5 m, more preferably at least 2 m, even more preferably the width is at least at least 2.5 m, when measured from the bottom of the strip. Thus, the passive lighting element 13 has a surface of at least 0.5; one; 1.5; 2; 2.5 m ² per 1 m of the length of the tunnel 11, respectively, which contributes to the overall illumination of the tunnel 11, which is essentially proportional to the total surface area A of the passive lighting element or elements 13. In the embodiment, as shown, if b - the length of the tunnel 11 or the stretch of road along which lane 13 is applied, the total surface area A is equal to LxH, and the photoluminescent luminous flux that is returned by lane 13 for a given primary flux created by the lighting devices 19 is essentially proportional Alen surface area and the primary luminous flux 19 'which receives a strip 13 of lighting devices 19, the lighting system.

For this reason, as shown schematically in FIG. 6-8, the contribution of the photoluminescent luminous flux 13 'generated by the strip 13 can be increased, and the contribution of the luminous flux 19' emitted by the lighting devices 19 can be reduced, respectively, by increasing the width of the strip 13, maintaining the same illumination in the tunnel 11. In more detail, with a width H ′ of the strip 13 greater than the width H of FIG. 3, active lighting fixtures can be arranged with a mutual spacing Ό 'greater than the mutual span Ό of FIG. 3 in order to obtain the same illumination in the tunnel 11. In another embodiment (not shown) with an increased width H 'of the strip 13, less powerful lighting devices 19 can be used, or the power actually supplied to the active lighting devices 19 with a predetermined predetermined nominal power, can in any case be reduced, for example, by placing passive lighting devices 13 in a tunnel provided with a lighting system that contains existing electric lighting devices.

Thus, passive lighting elements 19 reduce the power of lighting, while saving energy, depending on the width H, H 'of the strip 13 or, in general terms, on the total area A, A' of the surface of the passive lighting element or elements 13 located in the tunnel 11 In addition, when constructing a new lighting installation, passive lighting elements 13 can reduce the number of active lighting devices 19 or use less powerful active lighting devices 19, which limits the cost of electric lighting flax installation.

Obviously, in the practical limits of application of the strip 13, the optimal value of the width H, H 'of the strip 13 can be estimated by comparing the cost of the strip 13, for example, the cost of acquiring and applying photoluminescent material, with a reduction in the cost of building and operating an electric lighting installation, from the point of view of depreciation .

These notes on energy saving and / or cost reduction also apply to another area of space 12 bounded by walls in which a permanent or only night electric lighting installation, such as a subway or a closed car park (not shown), is installed or should be provided.

Still referring to FIG. 3-8, strip 13 can be located at a distance And from the ground 9, set between 0 and 0.8 m. For example, strip 13 can be located on the entire bottom of the wall

10, i.e., essentially at zero distance from the ground 9.

The common surface of the passive lighting element 31, which is advantageously the same as described above, may even have a shape different from that shown in FIG. 3-8. For example, in accordance with the following embodiments (not shown), passive lighting elements may be in the form of discontinuous side stripes, i.e. in the form of sections of a continuous strip, and / or passive lighting elements in the form of many strips located at different heights from the floor 9.

A predominantly passive lighting element is located on the wall 10 'of the tunnel 11, opposite the wall 10, i.e. similarly to an element placed or formed on the wall 10, so that the total surface of both passive lighting elements is twice as large as the surface indicated above, therefore, in fact, it results in twice as much energy savings and, in the case of a new installation, capital costs are significantly reduced.

Active lighting devices 19 of the lighting installation of the tunnel 11 can be equipped with shielding elements (not shown), arranged for shielding tunnel users

11, which follow in the prescribed direction of movement, from the primary luminous flux 19 'generated by the active lighting devices 19, in order to avoid dazzling users while providing the necessary illumination. This is especially preferred in a freeway tunnel or in a one-way tunnel. For example, the shielding element may be shields located at the rear of the active lighting fixtures 19 with respect to the direction of movement, so that users can see the active lighting fixtures 19 only when they are directly below each active lighting fixture 19. Such the same effect can be obtained using lighting devices that are adapted to project light, mainly in accordance with a given direction, and are oriented so that the projection move the light backwards in accordance with the direction of advancement.

Passive lighting elements or device 13 can also receive, in addition to the light flux from the lighting devices 19, an additional variable light flux created by the headlights of moving vehicles (not shown). Without the luminous flux from the lighting fixtures 19, in a steady state, the luminous flux returned by the strip 13 is substantially proportional to the contribution of the headlights of the moving vehicles.

If the lighting fixtures 19 of the lighting installation are turned off, the photoluminescent light flux 13 'returned by the strip 13 decreases with time after the lights 19 are turned off. Under the lighting conditions normally created in the tunnel, the photoluminescent light flux 13' returned by the strip 13 will remain strong enough to highlight walls 10, 10 'of the tunnel 11 for a certain time, which is usually 30-40 minutes Thus, passive lighting elements 13 can act together or even replace uninterrupted power supplies provided in case of temporary shutdown, including active lighting devices 19.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, a passive lighting element 13 can be placed inside or outside the tunnel 11, on the side structure of the road area of the space 12, for example, the surface of the sound-absorbing panel 17, the railing 18 or the parapet, or some fixed structure that borders the road area of the space, for example, the facades of buildings covering the area of the road space (not shown).

Passive lighting element can also be made on the road surface 14, for example, on the edge 16 or the base 15 of the road surface 14 (Fig. 3, 6). The passive lighting element 13 of the edge 16 of the road surface 14 can also help possible pedestrians walking along the tunnel 11 if the permanent electric lighting fixtures 19 break.

With reference to FIG. 12, the region of space 12 of FIG. 1 may advantageously be provided with means for controlling the power supplied to the active lighting fixture or fixtures 19 comprising a light sensor 21 coupled to a converter 22 configured to produce an electric light signal 23, typically an electric 4-20 mA signal, and a controller 24 configured to receive electrical signal 23 and for generating a control signal for regulating the power supplied by the power supply device 26 to the lighting fixture or devices 19. This device oystvo has special advantages in the tunnel 11, especially in the tunnel, where powerful lighting on with increased lighting area make an important contribution to the coverage, in order to take into account the economic contribution provided by the headlights of vehicles passing during the hours of heavy traffic.

According to FIG. 10 and 11, still in the case of a tunnel 11 of a road or a motorway, an electric lighting installation is shown that contains active lighting devices 19 and has a section 33 with amplified lighting at the entrance of the tunnel 11. A large illumination power is installed in section 33 with amplified lighting, than in the inside of the tunnel, to help drivers' eyes when getting into the tunnel get used to the transition from daylight outside to artificial light in tunnel 11. For example, in section 33 with enhanced lighting, more powerful active lighting devices 19 and / or established closer together lighting. In the latter case, the lighting devices in the area with enhanced lighting are located at mutual intervals ϋ ₁ ', Ό ₂ ', Ό ₃ '(Fig. 10, 11) and Ό ₄ ' (Fig. 10), preferably increasing in the direction from the entrance of the tunnel 11, which are shorter than the gap Ό 'between the active lighting devices 19 located in the inner part of the tunnel 11. In FIG. 10 shows a tunnel traditionally equipped with a continuous white strip 25, where the area with enhanced lighting has a length K, which in the case of a conventional highway is, for example, about 240-250 m. Instead, in FIG. 11 shows a tunnel 11 equipped with a passive lighting element 13 according to the present invention, which has the form of a photoluminescent strip 13 located along at least one wall 10 of the tunnel, in which the pigment of the strip 13 is capable of emitting light with a wave spectrum, which mainly lies in the part of the spectrum corresponding to the yellow-green light, usually between 500 and 590 nm, or between 510 and 580 nm, or between 520 and 570 nm. The human eye quickly gets used to light containing the contribution of such a luminous flux, which makes it possible to perform a section with enhanced lighting with a length K 'shorter than the usual length K. Thus, again, it is possible to save lighting energy and also reduce the cost of a possible new installation.

In an embodiment (not shown), a passive lighting element, for example, in the form of a continuous or discontinuous strip containing a photoluminescent pigment, can be located along the railing, thus, firstly, leading to a decrease in the road lighting system, as well as to an effective signaling for the boundaries of the carriageway and / or side of the lane. In case of a tunnel

- 9,026,832 in FIG. 3-8 and 10-11, the railing may be a protective structure for possible pedestrians walking along the road surface 14.

With reference to FIG. 13, a strip or in any case a passive lighting device 13 can be made by coloring, i.e. by applying one or preferably two layers 35, 36 of paint containing a photoluminescent pigment and, for example, a transparent synthetic resin, such as a siloxane resin. Staining can be performed using one of the known staining methods, for example, by a method selected from a spray painting method, a brush painting method, a roller painting method, a palette knife painting method. The paint, as a rule, contains additional components, in addition to pigment, and can be made in the usual way, i.e. may contain components that are found in commonly used paints, in particular, for example, they may contain synthetic resins.

Advantageously, the manufacturing method of passive lighting devices 13, in the case of painting, may include the step of preparing the surface 27 to be painted before the painting step. The preparation step can promote adhesion and / or increase the durability of the layer 35 or strip 13 containing the photoluminescent pigment on the surface 27, in the case of an uneven or especially rough or smooth surface 27. In particular, the preparation step, briefly described below, is useful for applying the strip 13 containing photoluminescent pigment on the side walls 10, 10 'of the tunnel 11 (Fig. 3-8).

The preparation step may include the step of preliminary sandblasting the surface 27, in particular, steam sandblasting, or any other known method of preparing the surface of the wall to be painted. This makes it possible to clean the surface 27 of the wall 10, 10 'and / or to obtain a suitable surface roughness or porosity in order to increase the adhesion and stability of the painted passive lighting element 13, i.e. in order to provide a surface roughness suitable for stably capturing paint containing a photoluminescent pigment.

Alternatively, or after sandblasting, the preparation step can provide a step of applying a primer layer containing a clear primer layer 34, in particular a primer 34, preferably a substantially white primer 34. In particular, the primer 34 can perform a coating function if dark surface 27, which is usually the wall of the tunnel. This makes it possible to localize the thickness of the layers 35, 36 of the strip 13 of the photoluminescent material and provides better characteristics, and therefore, the saving of the photoluminescent pigment.

Preferably, the primer application step 34 includes a primer drying step, which may be performed, for example, using warm air or gas, i.e. the step of rapid evaporation of the primer by heating, and maintaining the primer layer at a predetermined temperature for a time corresponding to the properties of the primer itself.

The passive lighting element 13, which exposes the photoluminescent pigment, can also be placed using the method of serigraphic printing.

With reference to FIG. 13, the method may also include the step of regenerating an existing passive lighting element 13, which comprises at least one layer 35, or preferably at least two previous layers 35, 36, in which the surface layer 35 or 36 becomes opaque when exposed to a region of space. The regeneration step includes the step of applying a paint layer 38, or coating 38 of the same transparent resin onto the paint, directly on top of the opaque surface 37 of the passive lighting element 13, in order to remove the dimming substance, for example, by dissolving it, and restore the optical properties of the previous paint layers 35, 36 . The method makes it possible not to remove the material before applying a new paint layer 38. Thus, the reconstructed passive lighting element creates a photoluminescent light flux, which is the sum of the first contribution substantially equal to the photoluminescent light flux created by the previous layers 35, 36 applied initially, and contribution created by a new layer or layer of paint 38 containing a photoluminescent pigment. In other words, the regeneration step, which can be carried out, for example, several years after the first application, forms a passive lighting element 13, which is more powerful than that applied initially.

In an exemplary embodiment, the passive lighting element 13 may also comprise flat elements that can be attached to parts to be highlighted, for example boards, tiles or panels creating a surface containing photoluminescent pigment, which can be fixed in a known manner on the surface of a region of space 11, 12. Accordingly, the method can provide the preparation of these flat elements and their subsequent application to a surface on which a passive lighting element 13 is required. For example, strips and 13 of FIG. 3-11 can be accomplished by applying a plurality of such boards, tiles or panels to the wall 10, 10 ′ of the tunnel 11, or to the base 15 or the edge 16 of the pavement 14, or to the sound-absorbing panel 17 (FIG. 9).

- 10,026,832

Examples

Three tests were carried out to evaluate the lighting characteristics of a passive lighting element obtained by applying a layer of paint compared to a photoluminescent pigment on the wall of a freeway tunnel. The tunnel 11 is shown schematically in FIG. 15 in the context of the outer cover of the carriageway 9, in FIG. 16 is a longitudinal section and in FIG. 17 is a view of the outer coating of the arch 20 of the tunnel 11.

Test Space Area

The tests were carried out in the abandoned SatPNt tunnel operated by Li1o81gabe reg GKaPa δ.ρ.Α., along the Italian A1 motorway (Milan-Naples), preferably between Sasso Marconi and Barberino del Muzhdello, specialists from the University of Genoa, in the presence of engineers of Liuigab .ρ.Α.

Active lighting in the field of space

The tunnel is equipped with active lighting devices 19 located in a row at a height of 5.7 m above the pavement 9, with a shift of 1.2 m to the left relative to the average vertical plane XX of the carriageway 9.

Lighting devices 19 with a power of 100 W are arranged with a spacing of Ό 10 m and are adapted to receive electric power of 50 Hz, 230 V. During the tests, the control system of active lighting devices 19 was turned off.

Passive lighting elements and standard

The first rectangular section 41 of the left wall 10 of the tunnel, which had a length of 10 m of the longer edge B, parallel to the ground, at a distance of 1 m 0.8 m from the ground, and a length of 2 m of the shorter edge H, was painted white and served as a test as a reference.

The second section 42 of the same wall 10, of the same shape and the same size B, H, at a distance of 2Ό from the section 41 along the tunnel 11, was painted with a paint containing a photoluminescent pigment, thus obtaining a passive lighting element in accordance with the invention.

The tunnel also had the usual horizontal road markings, including white longitudinal lines, such as the center line and side lines of the carriageway 9.

Testing procedures, measurements and reference standards

During the tests, measurements of average brightness were carried out in sections 41, 42 of the tunnel walls and in sections 43, 44 of the road surface (calculation area), as described below.

The measurement equipment was placed to measure the brightness, which was perceived by a stationary observer located at position 45 in the middle of the strip, at a distance of P 60 m above the calculation area, relative to the direction of motion 11. This procedure complies with the relevant regulations, υΝΙ 11095: 2011.

Used equipment

To perform the measurement apparatus included brightness measurement device model 98-2 brand Tesio-theatrica measuring range 0,1-10000 cd / m ^2;

T-10 light meter of the MshoIa brand, measuring range 0.01-299900 lux, accuracy class ± 2%, ± 1 digit of the measured value, both meet the above standards.

State of the area of space during testing

The tests were carried out at a temperature of about 3 ° C and without daylight.

First test.

After switching on the active lighting devices 19, brightness measurements were performed on the first wall section 41 (standard) and on the second wall section 42 (painting according to the invention).

In the first portion 41 of the wall it was detected brightness of 2,348 cd / m ^2, and the second wall portion 42 has been detected brightness of 3,257 cd / m ^2. This corresponds to an increase in brightness of 38.71% when dyeing 42, obtained due to the passive lighting element according to the invention, compared with the usual white color.

Second test.

After turning on the active lighting devices 19, brightness measurements were performed on sections 43, 44 of the outer cover of the carriageway 9 of the first wall section 41 (standard) and the second wall section 42 (painting according to the invention).

At portion 43 of the outer cover of the carriageway of the first portion 41 of the wall it was detected brightness of 1,498 cd / m ^2, and on the portion 44 of the outer cover carriageway second wall portion 42 has been detected brightness of 1.64 cd / m ^2. This corresponds to a brightness increase of 9.48%, obtained due to the passive lighting element 13 according to the invention, in comparison with the usual white color.

- 11,026,832

Contribution to brightness - reduced light energy consumption

Based on the tests, it is possible to estimate the minimum contribution to the overall brightness provided by passive lighting elements in accordance with the present invention, located on the tunnel wall, in reference conditions determined by the width H of the painted area 42, i.e. 2.0 m, corresponding to 2.0 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length. If the second test was used as a reference, the mentioned increase value (9.48%) should be considered as the minimum value of the contribution to the overall brightness, since it concerns one colored area 42 having a short length B, in other words, the contribution of adjacent areas was not taken into account, which could form a strip 13, as shown in FIG. 3 and 6.

In addition, significant improvements in the contribution can be obtained by increasing the width H of the strip 13 compared to the reference value used in the tests (for example, increasing the width H from 2.0 to 2.5 m);

by placing a similar passive lighting element 13 also on the right wall of the tunnel 10 ', which approximately doubles the contribution, with the same width N.

In order to evaluate the advantages of passive lighting elements 13 in accordance with the present invention compared to conventional white dyeing, it should be taken into account that the lighting characteristics of white paint decrease noticeably faster over time than the lighting characteristics of passive lighting elements. This nature of the change is particularly promising with respect to the lighting characteristics of a strip made with a paint that contains a photoluminescent pigment. This depends on the higher propensity of conventional paints to include opaque deposition of dust, exhaust from vehicles, etc.

In light of the foregoing, a contribution to the brightness of 23.7% can be accepted for a tunnel that has both walls painted with a continuous strip with a width of 5 m.

These brightness contribution values, which are given as the result of lighting measurements or as a projection of these results on the ideal installation of passive lighting elements in accordance with the invention, can be considered as a first approximation of energy savings, under the same lighting conditions that can be obtained by installing passive lighting elements in an area of space, such as a freeway tunnel.

Third test.

Active lighting 19 remained on and then off. Illumination measurements were carried out immediately on section 44 of the outer surface of the carriageway 9 of the second section 42 of the painted wall, for 30 minutes with a frequency of 30 s. Specifically, immediately after turning off the active lighting brightness of the second portion 19 wall was 0.0897 cd / m ^2, after 30 minutes the residual brightness was 0.03263 cd / m ^2, which is equal to 36.4% from the value measured immediately after switching off active lighting elements.

In FIG. Figure 18 shows a graph of the damping of brightness measured in section 44 of the outer covering of the carriageway 9 of the second painted wall section between the turn-off (ΐ = 0) and 30 minutes (1800 s) after the turn-off of active lighting devices 19.

The foregoing description of some embodiments discloses the invention so fully in accordance with a conceptual point of view, so that others using the prior art will be able to modify and / or adapt the embodiments for various applications without further research and without deviating from the essence of the invention and, accordingly, it is clear that such adaptations and changes should be construed as equivalent to exemplary embodiments. Means and materials for implementing the various functions described herein may be of a different nature, without deviating for this reason from the scope of the invention. This means that expressions or terminology are used here for the purpose of description and not limitation.

Claims (13)

1. A lighting method with a predetermined amount of illumination of a region of space (11, 12) intended for the stay and / or passage of people and / or vehicles, wherein said region of space contains at least one active lighting device (19) made with the possibility of supplying power to it and with the possibility of creating a primary luminous flux (19 '), according to which at least one passive lighting element (13) containing a photoluminescent pigment is selected, wherein at least the least one passive lighting element (13) is configured to emit a photoluminescent light flux (13 ') as a result of excitation by the primary light flux (19'); placing said at least one passive lighting element (13) in said region of space (11, 12) in a position providing reception of the primary light flux (19 '); supplying electricity to at least one part of the indicated at least one active lighting device (19), so that the specified at least one active lighting device (12,026,832) (19) creates a primary light flux (19 '), while creating of said primary luminous flux (19 '), the electric power is selected in such a way that the primary luminous flux (19') and the photoluminescent luminous flux (13 ') in total create the specified predetermined amount of illumination in the specified region of space (11, 12). 2. A lighting method with a predetermined amount of illumination of an area of space (11, 12) intended for the stay and / or passage of people and / or vehicles, according to which at least one active lighting device (19) is selected, configured to power supply and with the possibility of creating a primary light flux (19 '); at least one passive lighting element (13) containing a photoluminescent pigment is selected, wherein said at least one passive lighting element (13) is configured to emit a photoluminescent light stream (13 ') as a result of excitation by the primary light stream (19') ; wherein said at least one active lighting device (19) and said at least one passive lighting element (13) are selected in such a way that when at least one active lighting device (19) is supplied with a predetermined electrical energy selected so so as to create a primary luminous flux (19 '), the specified primary luminous flux (19') and the photoluminescent luminous flux (13 ') in total create a predetermined amount of illumination in the space region (11, 12); at least one active lighting device (19) and said at least one passive lighting element (13) are placed in said space region (11, 12), at least one active lighting device (19) and at least one passive lighting element (13) is arranged relative to each other in such a position that said at least one passive lighting element (13) receives the primary light flux (19 '); electricity is supplied to said at least one active lighting device (19). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the specified area of space is a highway, motorway or pedestrian tunnel (11), and at least one active lighting device (19) is equipped with shielding elements placed to shield the user of the tunnel (11) that follows in a predetermined direction of travel in the tunnel (11), from the primary light flux, so that the primary light flux creates the specified illumination without dazzling the specified user. 4. The method according to claim 3, in which the passive lighting element (13) is continuously or intermittently located along the wall of the tunnel (11), and the passive lighting element (13) has a surface of at least 0.5 m ² per 1 m of the length of the specified tunnel in particular, the lighting element has a surface of at least 1 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length, more preferably the lighting element has a surface of at least 1.5 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length, even more preferably the lighting element has a surface of at least 2 m ² per 1 m of tunnel length, still preferred the lighting element has a surface of at least 2.5 m ² per 1 m of the length of the tunnel (11), and the lighting device has the form of a continuous or discontinuous strip (13) located along the wall (10, 10 ') of the tunnel (11), in particular, the strip (13) is parallel to the ground (9). 5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the space region is a region of space (12) of the highway or motorway, and a passive lighting element (13) is located along the side structure (17, 18) of the environment (12) of the highway or motorway, in particular, the side structure is selected from the group consisting of the bounding structure of the indicated region of space (12) of the road or motorway, in particular selected from the railing (18) and the New Jersey type barrier; sound absorbing panel (17); the facade of the structure facing the specified area of the space (12) of the highway or motorway; parts of the road surface (14). 6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the area of space (12) is selected from the group consisting of a metro station; underground parking; a store; sports facilities, in particular a swimming pool or sports hall. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the photoluminescent pigment is suitable for emitting a photoluminescent light flux, which includes light with a wavelength of mainly component from 500 to 590 nm, in particular from 510 to 580 nm, more preferably from 520 to 570 nm 8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which additionally measure the effective illumination at least one point in the specified region of space (12) and adjust the supplied electrical energy so that the detected effective illumination has a value close to a predetermined amount of illumination. - 13,026,832 9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the photoluminescent pigment contains europium (Ey) and / or dysprosium (Oy), in particular the photoluminescent pigment contains a material selected from the group consisting of a material with the formula A1 _x Zg _y Ca ( _{1 -y} ) О ₂ : Eu, Όγ, where x, y, ζ are integers; aluminate doped with europium (EI) and / or dysprosium (Όγ) of an alkaline earth metal, in particular a material with the formula ZgA1 ₂ O ₄ : Eu, Bu or ZgA1 ₂ O ₄ : Eu, Bu, B. 10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the step of placing passive lighting elements includes a step selected from the group consisting of a step in which the wall is painted (10, 10 ', 14, 17) facing the area of space (11, 12), a paint containing a photoluminescent pigment, in particular, where the paint contains a transparent siloxane resin; a stage in which a removable element is preliminarily placed, which has a surface including a photoluminescent pigment, in particular, an element selected from a panel, a plate and a tile, the step of placing passive lighting elements includes the step of placing the removable element in the space region (11, 12), when this placement step includes a painting step, and the method includes the step of regenerating an existing passive lighting element (13) containing at least one paint layer (35, 36) that has an opaque turn If the surface (11) is affected by the area of space (11, 12), the regeneration step includes the step of coating (38) with paint or coating (38) with transparent resin from paint on an opaque surface (37) of a passive lighting element (13 ) to remove opaque deposits and restore the optical characteristics of at least one layer (35, 36) of paint. 11. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which at least one active lighting device (19) comprises LED lighting devices. 12. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which at least one active lighting device (19) is configured to emit a primary light flux (19 '), including light in the visible wave spectrum shorter than 480 nm, preferably shorter than 450 nm, more preferably shorter than 430 nm. 13. A lighting installation for lighting with a predetermined amount of illumination of a region of space (11, 12) intended for people and vehicles to stay and / or pass, in particular a region of space (11, 12) bounded by walls (10), such as a road a tunnel (11) or a pedestrian tunnel, subway station or underground car park, wherein said installation comprises at least one active lighting device (19) configured to supply power to it and with the possibility of creating primary light voy stream (19 '); at least one passive lighting element (13) containing a photoluminescent pigment configured to emit a predetermined photoluminescent light flux (13 ') when exposed to the primary light flux (19'); moreover, at least one active lighting device (19) and at least one passive lighting element (13) are located in a mutually corresponding position when used in the space region (11, 12) so that at least one passive lighting element (13) receives the primary luminous flux (19 '), with at least one active lighting device (19) and at least one passive lighting element (13) selected so that when applying to at least one active lighting device (19) charge any predetermined electrical energy selected in such a way as to create a primary luminous flux (19 '), the specified primary luminous flux (19') and the photoluminescent luminous flux (13 ') in total create a predetermined amount of illumination in the region of space (11, 12) .