EA024892B1 - Solid fuel hot-water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to heat-power engineering, in particular to water heating devices for heating using solid fuel, mainly antracite or stone coal. A solid fuel hot-water boiler includes an ash box, a fuel hopper, a heat exchanger, a furnace chamber, which housing elements are made with double walls forming a furnace with channels comprising an ash pusher, which plate is installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement using the hinge-lever system by a drive, while the furnace has wedge form with opening angles horizontally and vertically at least 1.5-2°. The plate of the ash pusher is hinged to the levers through links, the levers with their upper ends are hinged on the holders on the front wall of the furnace chamber, and the lower ends of those are hinged to the levers that are toothed bars that are comprised by the ash pusher drive, the hinged joints of levers and links hinged with the plate of the ash pusher are arranged between the hinged joints of the levers and holders of the furnace chamber and with toothed bars of the drive.

Description

The invention relates to a power system, in particular to a device for heating water for heating using solid fuel, mainly anthracite or coal.

A burner for burning solid fuel is known from the prior art (patent KI 2159390 dated 04/18/2000 IPC Р23В 1/02), containing a combustion chamber with refractory walls, a fixed grate in the combustion chamber, consisting of an upper inclined section and a lower horizontal section, an ash hopper located in the lower part of the combustion chamber, a fuel supply device connected to the combustion chamber, made in the form of a rod (bar) capable of reciprocating along its axis, for example From the hydraulic actuator associated with the feeding device - the vertical fuel tank; the grate is equipped with a device for forced mixing of fuel and ash removal, made in the form of a rod (bar), capable of reciprocating along the upper surface of the horizontal section of the grate, for example, from a hydraulic drive, while the fuel supply channel and the ash removal channel are spaced apart vertical direction so that fuel cannot by gravity come from the fuel hopper into the combustion chamber. The hydraulic actuators (cylinders) are controlled by a hydraulic control system, which includes a hydraulic pump, a reservoir with a working fluid, hydraulic control and regulation equipment with electric control, electric sensors for controlling the position of actuators.

The disadvantages of this firebox include the following:

the rod (strip) of the forced fuel mixing and slag removal device is installed over the entire width of the furnace and has a rectangular shape, and therefore, so that the rod (strip) does not jam in the furnace, it (it) must be promoted by acting on both sides of it (it ) end in width, especially when burning sintering coals, when burned which can form slag cakes, which can cause jamming in the furnace and damage drive elements;

the use of hydraulic cylinders as drives (and as an option of pneumatic cylinders or electromagnets) with their direct impact on the rods (straps) increases the overall dimensions of the furnace, and in the case of hydraulic cylinders, an additional area is needed to accommodate the hydraulic station (as part of a reservoir with working fluid, a hydraulic pump, etc. .);

the use of hydraulic (and, as an option, pneumatic or electromagnetic) drives requires highly qualified staff with special training, which does not include firemen-machine operators serving solid-fuel boilers.

A coal boiler is described in the international application (νθ 99/57490 dated 11/11/1999, application PCT / KK 98/00337 dated 11/27/1998, IPC ⁶ Р24В 1/08). The boiler consists of a heat exchanger having a water circuit in which water circulates, and a chimney installed in contact with the smoke circuit, with a plurality of water pipes penetrating the chimney, in which water moves; a furnace unit for burning solid fuel and creating heat sent to the chimney where heat exchange takes place, a fuel supply unit having a hopper for supplying fuel to the furnace unit, an ash grinder that crushes the ash generated during fuel combustion to a certain size, and ash collector for pouring shredded ash. The fuel supply unit consists of a piston smoothly moving at the outlet of the coal hopper, a system of levers for controlling the piston in its reciprocating motion, driven by an engine, a switching panel that rotates to open and close the hopper output in accordance with the movement of the piston, and a chain connecting switch panel sprocket with engine sprocket. The furnace block consists of a grate, on which fuel is placed, a fan under the grate for supplying air to it, a casing with a guide panel attached to the grate, to direct air from the fan to the chimney.

The disadvantages of this coal boiler include the following:

coal is fed into the furnace by the fuel supply unit from the side, and not from above to the burning fuel, as is necessary, for example, when burning anthracite, since it burns only in a high layer, and the supplied anthracite from the side simply does not ignite;

the coal fed from the side pushes the burning fuel to the ash grinder;

Applied chain gears do not have devices for tensioning the chains and during operation can jump off the sprockets.

Known boiler (patent I8 3081747, application 699082 from 11/26/1957). The boiler includes a hopper with gravitational fuel supply, a double-wall combustion chamber for a water jacket, the inner side walls being installed vertically, a heat exchanger consisting of four blocks located one after the other along the same longitudinal axis of the boiler, and a control panel. The bunker in its lower part has a feed hole that is immersed in the furnace and through which the coal moves. This hole is surrounded by the bottom of the water compartment of the combustion chamber. In the lower part of the combustion chamber there is a grate, inside which water circulates, which is part of the general heat exchange system. The boiler has an inlet manifold, which is located at the bottom of one of the sides of the boiler, and the outlet manifold is located above the boiler on the side opposite to the inlet manifold. In the space 1,024,892 formed under the inclined surface of the hopper, there is, on the one hand, a primary and secondary air injection system, and on the other hand, an automatic pusher for feeding fuel into the furnace and dumping ash and slag into the ash pan. Part of the air pumped by the fan is supplied as primary air for combustion under the grate, another part of the air is pumped into the pipe and enters the combustion chamber through a secondary air distributor located above the fuel. Instead of a blower fan, a blower can be used to provide a differential pressure in the chimney. The pusher has a hollow structure and is connected to the water jacket of the combustion chamber by flexible metal connections that circulate water inside the pusher and make the reciprocating motion of the pusher possible. The pusher makes a reciprocating motion, communicated to him by the connecting rod and the crank from the electric motor. The amplitude of the stroke of the pusher can be adjusted by moving the crank finger from 2 to 6 cm.

The disadvantages of this boiler include the following:

the design of the boiler with a rectangular firebox in a horizontal section is not reliable, since it is possible to form sintered cake on the grate of the furnace during combustion, and is completely unsuitable for burning coal grades that are sintered. This will lead to jamming of the sintered cake in the furnace and when the cake is pushed out by the pusher, it will damage and jam the pusher itself and / or break its drive;

in the drive of the pusher, a crank mechanism is used, during operation of which the angle between the connecting rod and the crank varies from 0 to 360 °. The drawback of the crank mechanism is the drop in the force developed by it during the movement of the pusher to zero at the top and bottom dead points, and the points at which the angle between the connecting rod and crank is 90 ° develops maximum force. Since the speed of the pusher in the furnace is not high (so that the fuel does not dump all the fuel into the ash pan), the crank speed is not high, that is, we can assume that the mass inertia is practically absent, and there is no flywheel in the mechanism that increases the moment of inertia when the passage of the dead center mechanism, and the pusher at this time in the burning fuel in the furnace (which may also be in the form of sintered cake, which requires increased effort), and its crank mechanism passes the dead point, the wedge pusher t in the furnace, resulting in a stop and / or breakdown of the mechanism;

the pusher, making a reciprocating movement into the furnace and back, has a complex and dangerous in operation design. The water in the pusher, as in the entire water jacket of the boiler, is under pressure. The pusher, which has advanced into the zone of coal burning in the furnace, may, due to the above-described drawbacks of the crank mechanism used, stop / wedge and leak, especially when using anthracite as fuel. Due to depressurization of the pusher, pressurized water will enter the firebox with burning coal and intense vaporization (explosion) will begin, which will entail deformation of the boiler body and its failure.

An oven for burning solid fuel was selected as a prototype (patent I8 5148798A dated 09.22.1992, application No. 65763, IPC ⁵ Р24В 1/08 and the same European patent application EP 0251392, publication 07.01.88, IPC Р24В 1/08, Р23В 1/36, P23 1/08, 3/00).

The furnace for burning solid fuels, such as coal or coke, consists of a dual-circuit combustion chamber, a feed hopper for storing fuel stock and a support element for supporting fuel in the furnace; the feed hopper near its lower surface is connected to the space including the furnace by tilting down at an angle of 40 ° from the horizontal of the fuel supply channel with a width of 7-11 cm and indicating the size of its location relative to the supporting element; a channel for supplying primary air and a pipe above the combustion chamber for supplying secondary air. Atmospheric air through the primary air channel is sucked in by the exhaust fan located after the heat exchanger, and the channel is automatically closed by the valve when the exhaust fan is turned off. The walls of the feed hopper have a dual-circuit design, the cavity of which is connected to the water cavity of the combustion chamber containing water, which is heated in the furnace, and inside the hopper there is an element connected by a smoke-gas channel. The furnace has a heat exchanger formed by vertical water chambers, between which a multi-turn channel for the release of flue gases is created, and the vertical water chambers communicate with the water tank located above them. The combustion chamber furnace in the direction of its horizontal section has a rectangular shape with vertical walls and has a bar inside that is driven back and forth into the furnace and back, using a drive, and which serves to move ash and slag from the furnace to the ash pan.

The prototype has a number of significant disadvantages that impede the receipt of the required technical result:

the presence in the furnace of a zone not sufficiently purged with primary air at the location of the furnace strip, which leads to incomplete combustion of fuel;

the design of the furnace with a rectangular fire chamber in horizontal section and a supporting fuel support element located horizontally is unreliable, since it is possible to form sintered cake on the bottom of the furnace, it is completely unsuitable for burning sintering varieties of coal. At

- 2 024892 when using sintering grades of coal as fuel, the sintered cake is jammed when it is removed by the furnace strip in the furnace, which leads to damage and jamming of the strip itself and / or damage to its drive.

The basis of the invention is the task to develop a solid fuel boiler, the design of which will improve the efficiency of continuous continuous automatic combustion of solid fuels, such as anthracite and / or coal. Moreover, the developed design will improve the safety and reliability of the boiler.

The problem is solved in that a solid fuel boiler has been developed, the significant differences of which are that when using coal as fuel, it can be sintered in the furnace, therefore, to ensure unhindered exit of the sintered cake pushed by the ash pusher bar, the furnace chamber has a wedge-shaped a shape with an angle of horizontal and vertical opening of at least 1.5-2 ° to the side in the direction of the forward stroke of the ash pusher bar; the gravity damper has an axis of rotation shifted upward relative to the center of gravity of the damper, which ensures its automatic closure under its own weight when the smoke exhauster is turned off; rows of through holes arranged, for example, in a checkerboard pattern, are made on the wall in contact with the fuel of the ash pusher for additional supply of primary air into the furnace to a zone remote from the main stream of primary air supplied through the gravity damper of the combustion chamber, and therefore it is not enough blow it off; in general, the boiler has a modular design, which includes the camera modules of the furnace, fuel hopper and heat exchanger, which allows you to create different interchangeable modifications of the boilers from them and increase the manufacturability of their manufacture; the drive of the ash pusher consists of a gear motor, gear and rack-and-pinion gears, the gear racks of which can make translational-oscillating movements relative to their gears, rolling around on their pitch circles. The use of gear and rack-and-pinion gears in the drive of the ash pusher reduces its overall dimensions.

The use of gear and rack-and-pinion gears in the drive of the ash pusher, as well as the placement of hinges for attaching its lever system to the front end element of the bar, ensures smooth, accurate and synchronous movement of the bar without distortions and jamming and eliminates its jamming in burning fuel, which, in its turn, does not allow to destroy the pyramidal layer of anthracite in the furnace. The distance between the articulated joints of the levers with brackets and toothed racks and the distance between the articulated joints of the levers with brackets and earrings pivotally connected to the bar are in a ratio greater than unity, for example 1.5 to 1, which ensures the necessary design force applied to the bar, but at the same time the force applied to the levers from the gear racks will be less by the size ratio of the levers, that is, the loads acting in the lever system of the ash pusher are reduced. As you know, the peculiarities of burning anthracite is that anthracite is poorly flammable, since it has a high ignition temperature (up to 700 ° C) and requires a significant layer height (at least 200 mm) in comparison with coal, that is, anthracite can burn only in a layer that is not allowed to be destroyed, otherwise burning will stop. Therefore, in order not to destroy the pyramid from the anthracite boiler burning in the boiler furnace, the ash pusher bar moves smoothly and at a low speed inside the furnace, while moving forward along the bottom of the furnace chamber, removes ash and slag from the lower layer of burning fuel into the ash box, and in the reverse way performs partial mixing of the burning layer of anthracite. In this case, the burning layer is partially mixed (but without destroying its pyramidal shape), which helps to improve the passage of primary air through it and as a result of increasing the efficiency of burning anthracite. During the reverse course of the plank from the furnace from the fuel hopper through an inclined channel by gravity from above, a layer (portion) of anthracite enters the furnace. An overlay is installed on the end surface of the ash pusher bar in contact with burning fuel, for example, of heat-resistant alloyed cast iron or steel, which prevents the bar from burning out, especially when burning anthracite burning at very high temperatures (up to 1800 ° C), while in the overlay and the plank, rows of coaxial through holes are arranged, for example staggered for supplying additional primary air to the furnace zone, remote from the primary stream of primary air, and the plan-hollow structure without a bottom The ki provides cooling by this air of internal surfaces of a level.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where FIG. 1 is a general view of the boiler in the form of an axonometric projection; FIG. 2 - view A on the right;

FIG. 3 - step frontal section BB of the boiler along one of the rows of smoke tubes of the heat exchanger;

FIG. 4 - section BB in the water jacket of the inclined channel of the combustion chamber;

FIG. 5 - remote element G - slopes of the elements of the furnace chamber from the horizontal and the plank of the ash pusher in the initial and extended positions in the furnace;

FIG. 6 - section DD - slopes of the elements of the furnace chamber from the vertical;

FIG. 7 - remote element E - gravity damper in closed and open positions;

FIG. 8 - view G - mounting the gravity damper on the rear wall of the furnace chamber;

- 3,024,892 of FIG. 9 - view З - top view of the ash pusher drive;

FIG. 10 - view And - side view of the bearing support, rack-and-pinion gearing of the ash pusher drive;

FIG. 11 - section KK - section along the shaft in the bearing support and gear rack; FIG. 12 - remote element L - coaxial holes in the plate and the end element of the plank of the ash pusher;

FIG. 13 is a kinematic diagram of an ash pusher with a bar in its original position.

The solid-fuel steel boiler consists of a frame 1 (Fig. 1), a combustion chamber 2 mounted on it, with a bottom 3 (Fig. 3), a front wall 4, side walls 5 and 6 (Fig. 2 and 4), and internal partitions 7 and 8 (Fig. 3) are made with double walls forming a single cavity water jacket and form a furnace 9 in the furnace chamber 2, while element 10 (Fig. 5) and element 11 are made at an angle of at least 1.5-2 ° respectively up and down from the horizontal, element 12 (Fig. 6) and element 13 - at an angle of at least 1.5-2 ° respectively to the right and left of the vertical, and the axis of the symmetry three in the direction of the forward stroke of the strap 14 (Fig. 1, 3 and 5) of the ash pusher 15 (Fig. 1 and 2), and the inclined channel 16 (Fig. 3) with an angle of inclination to the horizontal of at least 60 °. On the back wall 17 (Fig. 3) of the combustion chamber 2, an ash and at the same time a kindling door 18 (Fig. 1 and 3) is hermetically installed, and a gravity damper 19 (Fig. 1, 3, 7 and 8) is pivotally mounted in the window for supplying the primary air into the furnace 9. The gravity damper 19 has a horizontally located axis 20 (Figs. 7 and 8), rotating in supports 21 mounted internally on the rear wall 17 of the furnace 2 chamber, while the axis 20 is shifted upward relative to the center of gravity of the damper 19, which provides its automatic closure under the action of its own mass when switching off the smoke exhaust (not shown in the drawings). Behind the ash door 18, an ash box 22 is installed inside the furnace chamber 2 (Fig. 3). A door 23 (Fig. 1) is hermetically mounted on the side wall 6 of the furnace chamber 2 for cleaning the inner surfaces of the boiler from soot deposits; on the door 23 there is a viewing window 24 made of heat-resistant glass. On the front wall 4 of the furnace chamber 2, there are a number of nozzles 25 installed at different angles (Fig. 2 and 3) for supplying secondary air to the furnace 9, and a nozzle 26 is removed from the cavity of the water jacket for attaching the return pipe of the heating system to the boiler (in the drawings not shown). On the front wall 4 of the furnace chamber 2, a rectangular opening is made into the furnace 9 along its width, where the strap 14 (Fig. 5 and 13) of the ash pusher 15 is installed and in which it makes a reciprocating movement into the furnace 9 and back from the drive 27 ( Fig. 3) of the ash pusher 15. For this, the bar 14 is pivotally connected through the earrings 28 (Figs. 3, 5 and 13) to the levers 29 (Figs. 3 and 13), which are pivotally mounted on their brackets 30 on their brackets 30 (Fig. 3 and 13) on the front wall 4 of the furnace chamber 2, and their lower ends are pivotally connected to levers, which are a cog first rails 31 (Fig. 3, 9, 10, 11 and 13), which are part of the actuator 27 (Fig. 3) of the ash pusher 15. In the best embodiment, the bar 14 has a hollow structure without a bottom, which allowed the earrings 28 to be articulated with the inner side of the front end element of the strap 14 and spread them in width, and the bottom of the strap 14 is supported by supporting rollers 32 (Fig. 2 and 3), which generally eliminates its bias when moving in a rectangular opening of the furnace 2 and its tipping up if placement of hinges for attaching earrings 28 on the rear (opposite) the end element of the strap 14. The drive 27 is mounted on the frame 1 (Fig. one). The drive 27 consists of a gear motor 33 (Figs. 9 and 13), which, through a gear train 34, transmits rotational motion to a shaft 35 mounted in bearing bearings 36 (Figs. 9, 10 and 11), and gears are mounted on the output ends of the shaft 35 rack and pinion gears, which convert the rotational movement of the shaft 35 into the translational synchronous movement of the gear racks 31, while the gear racks 31 are placed in the housing 37 (Fig. 9, 10, 11 and 13), which, in turn, are installed on the output ends of the shaft 35 symmetrically to the gears and with the possibility of rotation around it, as a result of h of racks 31 have the possibility to make rocking motion about their gear, obkatyvayas on their pitch circle.

The oscillating movements of the gear racks 31 are necessary for their articulation with the swinging lower ends of the levers 29, the upper ends of which are mounted in stationary articulated joints. To turn off the geared motor 33 at the end of the stroke of the bar 14 in the forward and reverse direction, limit switches 38 (for example, contactless induction type) are installed (Fig. 3). By changing the distance between the limit switches 38, it is possible to change the course of the strip 14 into the furnace 9. On the front end element of the strip 14 in contact with the burning fuel, a cover 39 can be installed (Figs. 4 and 12), which protects the strip 14 from burnout, while in the cover 39 and the end element of the strap 14, which has a hollow structure without a bottom, rows of coaxial through holes 40 (FIGS. 4 and 12) can be made, for example staggered to supply additional primary air to the furnace zone 9, remote from the main flow first Foot air, and this air flow cools both the inner surfaces of strap 14. In most case, execution of the whole panels 14 of a refractory material, installing the lining 39 is not necessary. The drive 27 of the ash pusher 15 is mounted on a frame 1, which, in turn, is equipped with wheel supports 41 (Fig. 1) for moving the boiler and screw supports 42 for installing the boiler at the place of operation. The inclined channel 16 protrudes from the combustion chamber 2 and the fuel hopper 43 (Figs. 1 and 3), made as a separate boiler module, is hermetically connected to it. To load coal into the fuel hopper 43, a hinged lid 44 is tightly mounted on top (Fig. 1), and a shutter 45 is installed to shut off the fuel supply (Fig. 3). The boiler has a heat exchanger 46 (Fig. 1 and 2), made as a separate module and hermetically mounted on the combustion chamber 2 in the zone of exit of flue gases from the flue gas channel. The heat exchanger 46 is a rectangular container of water connected to the cavity of the water jacket of the furnace chamber 2 with I-shaped pipes 47 (Fig. 3) and with smoke tubes 48 installed vertically along two coordinate axes (Fig. 3) with a certain step. The exit from the heat exchanger 46 is made in the form of a collector 49 with an exhaust pipe 50, in which a manually adjustable rotary damper 51 is installed (Fig. 3), the heat exchanger 46 is hermetically closed by a removable cover 52 (Figs. 1 and 3). From the upper part of the water cavity of the heat exchanger 46, a pipe 53 is removed (Figs. 1, 2, and 3) for connecting to the boiler a supply pipe of the heating system (not shown in the drawings). The heated outer surfaces of the furnace chamber 2 and the heat exchanger 46 are thermally insulated (not shown in the drawings), and on the ash door 18, the door of the furnace chamber 2 23 and the removable lid 52 of the heat exchanger 46, thermal insulation is installed on their inner sides (not shown on the drawings). The boiler is controlled from the control panel 54 (Fig. 2).

The proposed solid fuel boiler works as follows.

The boiler is connected to the heating system using pipes 26 and 53. Through the exhaust pipe 50, the boiler is connected to a smoke exhaust (not included in the boiler), and the smoke exhaust to a boiler chimney. The water jacket of the furnace chamber 2, which is made with double walls forming a common cavity, the heat exchanger 46 and the heating system are filled with water. Before igniting the boiler, turn on the water circulation pump included in the heating system, turn on the smoke exhaust. In the fuel hopper 43, the gate 45 is closed, the hinged lid 44 is opened, a portion of coal used as heating oil for anthracite is poured (in the case of the boiler working on anthracite), anthracite is poured, the hinged lid 44 is closed. If coal is used as fuel, The same coal is used for ignition. Through the ash, it is also kindling, door 18 to the bottom 3 of the furnace 9 firewood is laid, they are ignited, the ash 18 is closed, gate 45 opens for 1/3 of the stroke and kindling coal is sprinkled by gravity onto burning firewood in the furnace 9. After ignition, the kindling the fuel gate 45 opens completely and anthracite (or coal) enters the furnace 9, where it is ignited by burning coal. Fuel (anthracite and / or coal) flows by gravity channel 16 by gravity into the furnace 9, in which a fuel slide is formed from it in the form of a prism along the width of the furnace 9, and which, after filling the inclined channel 16 with fuel, self-locks its further flow from the fuel hopper 43 For the combustion of fuel, the so-called primary air is sucked into the combustion chamber 2 through the gravity damper 19 and through the coaxial openings 40 in the strap 14 with the overlay 39. The opening of the gravity damper 19 occurs under the influence of air, pr forcibly it sucked into the combustion chamber 2 exhauster. During combustion, volatile gases are released, which are burned in the furnace 9 with the help of secondary air supplied through the nozzles 25. Combustion products - flue gases are sucked out by the exhaust fan from the combustion chamber 2, passing through the smoke tubes 48 of the heat exchanger 46, collector 49, exhaust pipe 50 and further through the chimneys a smoke exhaust is emitted into the chimney of the boiler room. After the combustion of fuel has become stable, the temperature of the water in the return (water inlet to the boiler) pipe has reached the minimum design temperature, the primary air flow through the gravity damper 19, the change in the speed of the exhaust fan and with the help of the rotary damper 51 in the exhaust pipe 50 of the collector 49 are regulated.

Depending on the heat demand and the burning rate of the fuel, it is necessary to replenish the furnace 9 with fuel and remove ash and slag from it. These functions are performed by the ash pusher 15, namely, in the forward stroke of the ash pusher bar 14 along the bottom 3 of the furnace 9, ash and slag are removed from the lower layer of burning fuel and dumped into the ash box 22, with the bar 14 back in its original position, burning in the furnace 9 the fuel sinks to the bottom 3, and a new portion of the fuel is fed by gravity from the fuel hopper 43. When coal is burned in the combustion chamber 2, the water in its water jacket is heated to a certain temperature and then, passing through the I-shaped pipes 47 through the heat exchanger 46, it receives additional heat from the flue gases that exit through it, while the water heats up to the set temperature. The water heated in the boiler is supplied through the pipe 53 by a circulation pump through the heating system, where it gives off part of its heat and is returned to the boiler for heating through the pipe 26. The gate 45 is closed if it is necessary to cut off the coal supply to the combustion chamber 2, for example, if it is necessary to stop the boiler for repair, necessary in the event of an emergency stop of the boiler (when the circulation pump stops, in case of failure of the exhaust fan). In the claimed invention, the design of the solid-fuel boiler is not limited to the above option, described and illustrated as an example, and can be modified in the details of the design without deviating from its scope and in accordance with the claims.

Claims (5)

CLAIM 1. Solid fuel steel boiler for burning mainly anthracite or coal, containing a combustion chamber, the body elements of which are made of double walls and combined into a single cavity of a water jacket, forming a furnace as a space and an inclined channel for fuel and at the same time forming an air-gas and gas channel for supply of primary air and afterburning of secondary air entering the furnace through a series of nozzles located above the combustion zone, which includes an ash pusher, a bar which is mounted on the front wall of the combustion chamber in a rectangular opening of the combustion chamber along its entire width, and the bar is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement into the furnace and back along the bottom of the furnace using an articulated lever system from the drive, an ash box, a fuel hopper, a heat exchanger, which is a container of water connected to the cavity of the water jacket of the combustion chamber and installed inside two axes of the coordinate system with a certain step by rows of smoke tubes, and having a gas collection at the top the second collector with an outlet pipe, characterized in that the furnace chamber furnace has a wedge-shaped shape with horizontal and vertical opening angles of at least 1.5-2 ° to the side in the forward direction of the ash pusher bar, and the ash pusher bar is pivotally connected to the levers through earrings, and the levers with their upper ends are pivotally mounted on the brackets on the front wall of the furnace chamber, and their lower ends are pivotally connected to the levers, which are gear racks that are part of the ash pusher drive, When it swivels with earrings levers hinged to the bar pusher of the ash are pivotal connections between the arms to the bracket of the combustion chamber and with the drive toothed racks. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the ash pusher bar has a hollow structure without a bottom, moreover, an overlay of heat-resistant material is installed on the front end element of the ash pusher bar in contact with burning fuel. 3. The boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that in the overlay and the front end element of the plank of the ash pusher, rows of coaxial through holes are made. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the swivel joints of the strap with the linkage earrings are mounted on the front end element inside the strap and spaced across its width. 5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that in the window for supplying primary air to the combustion chamber, a gravity damper with a displaced axis of rotation upward relative to the center of gravity of the damper is installed.