EA019562B1 - Mechanism for converting rotational motion into reciprocating motion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to machine parts and can be used in metalworking, woodworking, chemical, printing, light, food etc. industries for designing machines and aggregates using reciprocating motion. A mechanism comprises a housing with guides, a driving and intermediate shafts mounted therein, kinematic-related therebetween, gear wheels mounted on shafts, first and second clutches, a rack gear positioned in the housing guides and kinematically coupled with said gear wheels, shafts and axis, a gear is mounted freely and adapted to move along said axis, the gear is engaged with the rack gear, wherein the clutches are cam clutches, the driven cams are positioned on the gear ends on both sides of the rack gear, the driving cams are positioned at gear wheels, wherein the gear wheel of the driving cams of the first coupling is engaged with the gear wheel of the intermediate shaft and the second couplingwith the gear wheel of the driven shaft. The main difference of the mechanism from the prototype is characterized in that the rack gear comprises supports arranged at ends on both sides of the gear rack and serve for moving the gear along the axis at the moment of the support contact with the gear when the rack gear reaches the given extreme positions providing release and engagement of couplings with the gear. Wherein the claimed mechanism provides to change a displacement value in a wide range by arranging oblique-angled supports in the given limits. Therefore, the claimed invention permits to produce simple and reliable mechanisms for converting rotary motion into reciprocating motion which can serve in designing mechanisms and aggregates using the reciprocating motion, producing more competitive articles required in the market structure.

Description

The invention relates to machine parts and can be used in metalworking, woodworking, chemical, printing, light, food industries, etc., for example, in mechanical engineering as an intermediate node in the creation of metalworking machines (flat and vertical grinding, milling, turning, etc. .P.).

In the above units, to convert rotational motion to reciprocating, as a rule, either a reverse drive electric motor is used, which extremely negatively affects its operation, or mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, and other switching devices and mechanisms that are complicated in design and manufacture.

For example, in the woodworking industry, when sawing wood, mechanisms are used that use to convert rotational motion to reciprocating crank mechanisms, simple in design, but the aggregate as a whole turns out to be bulky, with considerable mass, and, as a result, unbalanced forces appear during its operation, which leads to the appearance of vibrations. The stroke of the cutting elements is set and limited by the length of the radius of the flywheel, articulated with a connecting rod.

The objective of the invention is to create a simple to manufacture and reliable mechanism for converting rotational motion into reciprocating, free from the disadvantages of the above mechanisms.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest object to the claimed one on the basis of essential features is the Mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion according to the patent of the Republic of Belarus No. 2063 B16N of 19/04 dated November 18, 1994, adopted by the author for the prototype of the claimed device.

The object adopted for the prototype is a mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion, comprising a housing with rails, intermediate and driven shafts installed in the housing, kinematically coupled together, gears mounted on the shafts, a first and second coupling and a gear rack located in the rails housing and kinematically connected with the said wheels and shafts, an axis, on which freely and with the possibility of movement along the latter, a gear located in clutching with the rack, the clutch is made of cam, and the leading cams are located on the ends on both sides of the rack, and the driven cams are on the gears, while the gear of the driven cams of the first clutch is meshed with the gear of the intermediate shaft, and the second clutch is with the gear driven shaft.

Accepted as a prototype, the object provides a relatively high conversion efficiency of the movement, has a simple structure to manufacture, and has small dimensions.

However, he is not able to provide the opposite effect, i.e. conversion of rotational motion into reciprocating.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a simple to manufacture and reliable in operation mechanism for converting rotational motion into reciprocating, which can serve as an intermediate node for creating metalworking, woodworking and other machines and mechanisms using reciprocating motion.

As a result of solving this problem, a new technical result was achieved, which consists in expanding the technological capabilities of the mechanism with a simple and relatively cheap construction of the mechanism, which increases its competitiveness.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the mechanism for converting rotational motion into reciprocating comprises a housing with rails, intermediate and drive shafts installed in the housing, kinematically coupled to each other, gears mounted on the shafts, first and second couplings, gear rack located in the guides of the housing and kinematically connected with the aforementioned gears and shafts and an axis, on which a gear located while engaging with the rack, while the clutch is made of cam, and the driven cams are located on the ends of the gear on both sides of the rack, and the leading cams are on the gears, while the gear of the driving cams of the first coupling is engaged with the gear wheel of the intermediate shaft, and the second couplings - with a gear wheel of a leading shaft.

This solution allows for continuous rotational movement of the drive shaft in one direction to provide reciprocating motion of the output link.

A distinctive feature of the claimed invention is that the gear rack is equipped with oblique stops located at the ends on both sides of the rack.

Thus, the above distinctive feature of the claimed invention in comparison with the prototype significantly expands the technological capabilities of the mechanism, while the inventive installation without any changes in design allows the reverse cycle, i.e. conversion of reciprocating motion into rotational.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through the inventive mechanism. The arrow shows the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.

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In FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inventive mechanism. The arrow shows the direction of movement of the rack.

In FIG. 3 shows a view A of the rack teeth and shows the location of the oblique stops.

In FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-section B-B (see Fig. 1), while the gears are shown only by connecting circles to simplify the figure.

In FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-section B-B (see FIG. 1).

The mechanism includes a housing 1, mounted in the rails 2 of the gear rack 3, with stops 15 located at the ends, for example, oblique, the intermediate shaft 4 and the drive shaft 5, equipped with gears 6 and 7, which are engaged. The mechanism also contains the first 8 and second 9 overrunning clutches, with the help of which the gear rack 3, the intermediate shaft 4 and the drive shaft 5 are kinematically connected, for which gears 10, 11 and 12 are used.

The mechanism is equipped with an axis 13, on which the gear 14 is mounted that can be moved along the axis and is meshed with the gear rack 3. The freewheels are cam-type, the driven cams are mounted on the gear 14 on both sides of the rack 3, and the drive gears are equipped with gears 11 and 12, while the gear 11 of the driving cams of the first clutch 8 is engaged with the gear 10 of the countershaft 4, and the gear 12 of the second clutch 9 is with the gear 7 of the drive shaft 5.

The inventive mechanism operates as follows.

When the drive shaft 5 is rotated from a mechanical energy source, such as an electric motor, counterclockwise (as shown in Fig. 1), the gear wheel 7 engaged with it rotates. Closed cams of the clutch 9 transmit the moment of rotation of the gear 14 mounted with the possibility of movement along the axis 14 , which, in turn, drives the gear rack 3 engaged with it, and the latter (according to FIG. 1) moves up.

At the same time, the gear 6 engaged with the drive shaft 5 rotates and, through the intermediate shaft 4 and the gear 10, transmits torque to the gear 11, while the freewheel 8 is disengaged.

When the gear rack 3 reaches its highest position, the angular stop mounted on the rail 15 comes into contact with the gear 14 mounted with the possibility of moving along the axis 14, moving it along the axis until the driven cams engage with the leading cams of the freewheel 8, while the driven cams and driving cams overrunning clutches 9 open.

In this case, the torque transmitted from the source of mechanical energy is transmitted to the gear wheel 6 and then through the intermediate shaft 4, gears 10, 11, the freewheel 8, with the driving and driven cams engaged, and the gear rack 3 is driven on the gear 14 which (according to Fig. 1) moves down.

When the gear rack 3 reaches its lowest position, i.e. until the oblique stop 15 contacts the gear 14, the latter is mixed along the axis until the driven cams engage with the drive cams of the freewheel 9, while the driven cams of the gear 14 and the drive cams of the freewheel 8 open.

Thus, the claimed invention provides a simple to manufacture and reliable mechanism for converting rotational motion into reciprocating, which can serve to create units using reciprocating motion.

Moreover, the inventive mechanism allows you to change within a wide range the magnitude of the movement of the output link by rearranging the angular stops within the given limits. Moreover, the inventive installation with a simple and inexpensive to manufacture the design of the mechanism itself becomes more competitive in the conditions of development of the market structure.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A mechanism for converting rotational motion into a reciprocating motion, comprising a housing with rails, drive and intermediate shafts installed in the housing, kinematically coupled to each other, gears mounted on the shafts, first and second couplings, a gear rack located in the housing rails and kinematically connected with the said gears and shafts and an axis on which a gear is engaged freely and with the possibility of movement along the latter, which is engaged with the rack, non-cam, and the driven cams are located on the ends of the gear on both sides of the rack, and the leading on the gears, while the gear wheel of the driving cams of the first clutch is engaged with the gear wheel of the intermediate shaft, and the second clutch is with the gear wheel of the drive shaft, characterized the fact that the gear rack contains stops installed with the possibility of rearrangement on the ends on both sides of the rack and used to move the gear along the axis at the moment of contact of the stops with the gear when the rail reaches the specified extreme provisions that provides uncoupling and engagement of couplings with gear.