EA008277B1 - Device for converting energy of vertical air flow in electric power - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for converting energy of vertical air flow to electric power comprises a plurality of vertical cylindrical bushes pairwise connected therebetween relatively short pieces of blades having a special curved shape, the blades concentrically enveloping each other and rotate on autonomous supports around an axis being an axis of an air channel. The bushes cut the air channel to cylindrical portions of the given width corresponding to radial distances between end faces of the blades' autonomous groups. Auxiliary working spaces are formed between such pair of the cylindrical bushes and separated from the central power air flow by flanges comprising concentric holes having aerodynamic air-directing shapes formed in a ring-shaped air-tight material. The flanges close the auxiliary working spaces by their peripheral surfaces from the air flow and form together with bushes lower end faces air-tight “locks” forming annular grooves and projections kinetically connected therebetween using clearance or sliding fits applying lubricants. The central energy air flow is concentrated between bushes and transfer its energy to portions of rotating blades fixed between them by pre-stressed rods and/or ropes. The blades are composite made from light horizontal parts closely fit to each other along their end face surfaces and as a whole form the given curved surface of each blade. The cylindrical bushes are also composite made from lightweight structures and tightened by high-strength retaining ropes. Each auxiliary working space houses electro-generating sections which, being assembled, compose a distributed electric generator embodied as a shaftless and open-frame design. Such device design provides developing powerful and inexpensive helio-wind power complexes.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of creating solar power plants that use heated air and the air flow generated by it as a working body of energy conversion.

There is a method of converting the energy of sunlight and natural wind as one of the specific manifestations of solar energy in the environment into electrical energy, based on using the principle of absorption of sunlight by a dark surface, heating the air in contact with a dark plate, directing it in the form of an air stream to a wind turbine articulated with an electric generator, and the conversion of the energy of the air flow into electrical energy (see auth. USSR № 1416745 power plant, Ρ03Ό 9/00, publ. 15.08. 88).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of energy conversion in application to solar power systems of increased power, in which the diameters of wind turbines are of considerable size. This is due to the fact that the torque generated by the air flow on the peripheral parts of the blades is transmitted through the blades themselves and other structural elements of the wind turbine to its axis, making the entire structure heavier and causing it to deviate from the optimal, in terms of achieving high efficiency, technical solutions.

A number of other technical solutions are known in the field of solar energy conversion into. electric, for example application of France Solar energy collector of increased efficiency [see No. 2698682, R 241 2/16, 2/20, 2/48, publ. 06/03/94] Solar motor [see auth. USSR № 1625999, R241 2/42, publ. 07.02.91], as well as others, in which among those or other advantages and disadvantages there are fundamental shortcomings similar to the previous technical solution.

The closest technical solution to the method proposed by the authors for the combination of features and potentially possible technical results is a method based on the use of a solar energy collector connected via an air channel to the internal cavity of a wind turbine installed in the cavity of the exhaust pipe and connected by means of a shaft with a rotating power-converting part of the electric generator while its fixed energy conversion part is fixed relative to the foundation base, and since tick blade rotor installed in the exhaust pipe, each blade of which is made in the form of an aerostatic shell and placed inside it an autonomous air outlet communicated with the cavity of the exhaust pipe (see auth. USSR No. 1386737 Wind-solar electrical unit, Ρ03Ρ 11/02, publ. 07.04 .88)

A feature of this technical solution is the distribution of a single air flow, generally a cylindrical flow of gaseous medium, through individual channels through vertical blades as aerostatic shells with autonomous air ducts, the energy conversion of which creates autonomous transmission of torque to the electric generator shaft concentrating them, which allows to increase the efficiency of energy conversion . However, the design features of the implementation of this technical solution do not allow to use it when creating solar power plants of increased power, which could compete with modern CHP.

All other technical solutions known to the authors for the studied patent materials and published scientific and technical information do not reach potential results related to the possible use of this method for constructing the Wind-powered electrical unit in terms of its principal content - splitting the overall air flow into separate energy channels.

The objective of this technical solution is to create a method for converting low-potential energy of the air flow in solar energy systems when passing it through a wind turbine coupled with an electric generator, opening up the possibility of a significant increase in the efficiency of energy conversion and reducing the unit cost of a high-power unit that is technically and economically capable of replacing combined heat and power plants with environmentally harmful combustion hydrocarbon th raw materials.

The technical result of this conceptual solution is to provide the ability to create wind turbines up to 50 m in diameter and more for solar power systems with a capacity of 100 thousand kW and above, to join them reliably with electromechanical systems that convert mechanical energy received through wind turbine blades into electricity.

Particular technical results in this case are increasing the reliability of the wind power unit, a significant reduction in the specific consumption of copper, aluminum and ferrous metals during the construction of such units, a qualitative improvement in their maintainability, etc.

This creates a technical basis for the design of high-capacity solar power plants, which, by technical and economic indicators, exceed those of thermal power plants with the combustion of hydrocarbons and make large investments attractive in transforming world energy into environmentally friendly, powerful and all-weather solar power.

This technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that with respect to the known method of converting low-potential energy of the translational motion of a gaseous medium, for example, a vertical cylindrical air flow in helioenergy

- 1 008277 tation installations into electrical energy, based on the creation of torque through the aerodynamic surfaces of the blades of the wind turbine, driven by air flow around the axis of the carrier shaft, which is a constructive hub of mechanical energy generated by the surfaces of the rotating blades, and the transmitter it to the rotating power conversion part of the generator, while the fixed energy conversion part The latter is fixed relative to the foundation, there are differences in that the conversion of low-potential energy of the air flow into electrical energy is carried out by creating parallel energy-converting channels concentrically located in the cross-section of the air flow, for which in the area between its two cross sections that limit the wind turbine mechanical conversion process, placed concentrically located relative to each other, mainly aut kinematics-specific, energy-converting sections equipped with autonomous rotational supports and having predominantly different angular rotational speeds around a common axis with the highest possible linear velocities, into which a typical wind turbine is structurally divided as a single, rigid, heavy and slow-moving energy converter and which include energy-differentiating sleeves, the fixing boundaries of the energy-converting channels, the lower and upper bases of which are concentrically arranged in parallel planes of these cross sections, and their generators orient them along the air flow, and autonomous parts of the lungs fixed for them, for example, composite blades, while the integral functions performed by the heavy and low-speed shaft in typical wind turbines, which are realized by a system of rotating, distributed in space and in parallel with the power elements, autonomously mounted, serviced and strengthened in pre-stressed structures, p What kind of parallel interaction do these power elements provide by integrating parallel streams of mechanical energy in a form converted to a target electrical form using an electric generator, which is performed by creating concentrically arranged and distributed in space electrogenerating sections, each of which is as close as possible directly to the corresponding production areas mechanical energy of the rotational motion, while still energy conversion The parts of the electrogenerating sections are placed and fixed relative to the base base, in particular, by means of supporting ring concentric platforms installed on this foundation base, relative to which, for example, electric coils with magnetic cores and supporting structures of said autonomous rotational supports are fixed. platforms create technological openings and accessories, including adjustable dampers, through which they provide controlled air flow through the formed energy conversion channels and carry out installation and maintenance work, and the mobile energy conversion parts of the power generating sections are performed by rotating energy differentiating bushings, to which energy stimulating means, such as permanent magnets, and moving structural elements of autonomous rotational supports are fixed, while the outer surfaces energy-differentiating sleeves made of lightweight materials providing opportunities l their high-speed rotational movement, parallel to the bases of high-strength bandage ropes with a certain step along forming and secure the latter relative to the buildings of energy-differentiating sleeves, for example, by means of vertical structural elements arranged along their forming, in particular metal fixings, and fasteners with which connect autonomous parts of the blades and structural parts rotating around a common axis to the energy-differentiating bushings elements of autonomous rotational supports, while the output parameters of electrical energy generated by the electricity generating sections, having autonomous multiphase vector characteristics with different spatial and temporal shifts, are synchronized by means of semiconductor converters and control devices, and the total electrical energy generated by the distributed generator, including that supplied to external consumers, is under the control of the computer center and with abiliziruetsya due to redistribution of loads depending on the technical condition of the individual power generation sections, sleeves and controlled energodifferentsiruyuschih technological modes energopreobrazovatelnogo entire process.

In addition, the described technical solutions, according to the method of converting low-grade energy of the wind flow according to the proposed invention, are amplified and partially specified by additional differences that increase its efficiency, including in the area of saving material resources and operational reliability.

In particular, the difference of the proposed method with respect to the above-mentioned prototype also lies in the fact that the moving parts of the power generating sections are performed by means of ring-shaped disks or cylinders arranged concentrically relative to each other over the corresponding supporting ring platforms using the said autonomous rotational supports, while

- 2 008277 ring-shaped disks or cylinders fix magnetic poles containing, for example, permanent magnets with magnetic cores, and movable elements of autonomous rotational supports, by adjusting which provide the necessary magnitude and stability of magnetic gaps in the power generating sections, while fixing rods to the shroud ropes of energy-differentiating sleeves retaining ropes placed on aerodynamic surfaces and / or in the internal cavities of the blades in such a way that they keep them under yes the high-speed air flow, and the blade retaining ropes are fixed relative to the hulls of the energy-differentiating sleeves, which create a pre-stressed cable-mesh construction that is stable in relation to the entire system of forces acting on the energy-differentiating sleeves under conditions of high angular velocities and transmission of significant torsional moments, and the cable frames of energy. sleeves are fixed by means of embedded products in the housings of energy-differentiating sleeves, in particular and connecting cables.

In addition, the difference lies in the fact that they create an integrated system for synchronizing the parameters of electricity generated by an electric generator distributed in space relative to the external electrical network by turning on the electric coils of the power generating sections through power semiconductor switches to electric branches with parallel connections, than achieve a preliminary match synchronized parameters, and yes More precise synchronization is accomplished by making more precise adjustments to the power of the energy-stimulating fields in the power generating sections, for example, the magnetic excitation field strengths through the use of energizing electric coils with semiconductor control of electrical current in them and / or controlling the energy content of the created energy-generating channels through the use of air flow intensity regulators plots energy conversion technological th process.

These technical solutions in the proposed method allow to produce reliable wind turbines with a diameter of 50 m or more without using heavy metal rotating structures, as is the case with known wind turbines with a common heavy shaft, and due to the fact that the wind turbine sections, their energy-differentiating sleeves of the proposed design can be made of light materials, the outer rotating surface of which is reinforced by pre-stressed cables, it is possible to remove the strength limitations I for the maximum increase in the angular velocity of rotation of wind turbines in the composition of their rotating sections. Removing the limitations in increasing rotational speeds according to the strength characteristics of the structures allows reducing the consumption of copper, ferrous metals and magnetic materials for the production of a given electrical power in comparison with low-speed wind turbines and a generator on the same shaft.

This provides the decisive advantage of such a partitioned generator in the field of maintenance and repair, when technical inspection can be carried out during the operation of the power generating sections, and even repair work can be carried out on one of them (as if inside a rotating generator), while the wind turbine and other power generating sections, if there are several of them, may be in normal operation. In addition, the solar power plant requires a powerful electric generator of its own needs, primarily for the implementation of many-day reserves of thermal energy in heat accumulators, which in known technical solutions is combined with a commercial electricity generator or is badly coupled through unreliable kinematic transmissions. In this technical solution, the generation of electricity of its own needs, which does not need high-precision synchronization tools in the form of control systems and semiconductor converters, is performed from the same non-contact power generating sections.

In addition, it is envisaged to regulate the speed of rotation of individual sections of a wind turbine in the case of multi-sectionalization using a device with several energy-differentiating bushings or their pairs interconnected by aerodynamic blades, on the one hand, and separated by free air space, where they can be fixed to the base base, and electrogenerating sections rotating with an insert-cylinder with autonomous support of rotation, on the other hand. Speed control is made by adjusting the energy content of the air flow in parallel energy-converting channels through structural controls - auto-adjustable dampers (gate valves) installed on the path of the air flow at the wind turbine inlet and outlet, as well as throughout the preparatory technological circuit of the energy conversion process.

Since the electrogenerating sections in multisectional powerful structures are located in the immediate vicinity of the autonomous rotational supports and have magnetic systems, including, in particular, permanent magnets, the latter can be used in the design of the rotational supports themselves, by means of a magnetic confining "cushion".

In addition, in the moving energy-converting parts of the electrogenerating sections, mounted on rotating annular disks, they can be used as elements that control

- 3 008277 by the force of energy-stimulating fields, U-shaped magnetic systems with two magnetic gaps, between which there are stationary electric coils with their magnetic cores, fixed relative to the supporting concentric platforms, in the case of their application, axial forces can be easily balanced through these magnetic systems, acting on autonomous supports of rotation.

In addition, depending on the power of energy conversion, autonomous bearings of rotation are performed by means of an air cushion, fluoroplastic liners, using liquid lubricants.

These technical solutions use the provided combinatorial capabilities in connection with the dismemberment of the wind turbine and the electric generator into separate concentric sections rotating on supports that are autonomous for each energy channel. In connection with this possibility, for example, supports of rotation of smaller diameters are performed using liquid lubricants in conjunction with magnetic systems of the power generating sections. In the pillars of rotation of large diameters, structurally and economically preferable are the supports on the air and magnetic “cushion” or special systems of liquid lubricants built by analogy with interaction with the magnetic systems of the electrogenerating sections or permanent magnets. At the same time, the flow and heating of air in such rotation supports are utilized in the general energy conversion process through the wind turbine and the air exhaust pipe.

In addition, the difference lies in the fact that, in at least one power generation section serving the own needs of the energy conversion process, the electron-physical interaction of rubbing substances having conjugate electrostatic characteristics, such as glass and ebonite, is used as an energy-generating force, due to which rubbing surfaces excite the forces of movement of electrons from one layer of substance to another, than the process of electrophore energy conversion is created, for which For example, on a ring-shaped rotating disk that is grounded, a thin layer of one of the materials forms as a friction donor surface, and current collectors are installed on a fixed ring platform, on which a thin layer of electrostatically conjugated material forms as a reciprocal friction surface, and the current collectors and electric the connections between them are insulated from the ground connections, and the electrical connection schemes ensure that they are connected in series and in parallel.

The difference also lies in the fact that on a rotating ring-shaped disk there is a field of pointed surfaces covered with a thin layer of a substance with a small electron work function, and this layer of the substance is additionally covered with a material forming the friction donor surface, and the current collectors are in the form of soft brushes containing as friction elements, flexible electrical conductors, the surface of which is covered with a counter-layer of electrostatically conjugated material

The last two technical solutions in the proposed method are based on the fact that, on the one hand, some processes of energy conversion of the air flow in a solar power installation can be carried out using high voltages, including direct current, and on the other hand, a constructive implementation of the method using separate cases of rotating disks articulated with energy-differentiating sleeves makes it easy to apply the electrophore principle of accumulation of electric charge and voltage. In this case, electrostatically conjugated surface layers of rubbing materials, one of which has the properties to give, and the other to perceive electrons, can be made sufficiently thin to obtain not only increased voltage, but also the necessary electrical power for the implementation of various energy conversion tasks. When choosing energetically coupled materials, silicon materials with opposite types of conductivities — electron and hole conductivities — can also be used, and mechanical contacts between the rubbing surfaces can be intermittently interrupted and capacitors can be connected in parallel with the current collectors.

Such technical solutions increase the efficiency of the method, since they can be used, in particular, for electrophysical influence on the movement of the air flow in the air discharge pipe and in its autonomous energy-conversion channels.

According to the invention, there are many technological possibilities for the placement of individual power generating sections. If one of them is created on the basis of the use of electrophore generation, then its design is predominantly disk. If there is an option when electrogeneration is carried out using rotating permanent magnets, then the best solution would be to place the generator sections in free air space, which is created next to a pair of energy-differentiating sleeves connected by aerodynamic blades, while the permanent magnets are attached mainly to rotating metal liners - cylinders attached to the inner side of the smaller of the specified pair of energy-differentiating sleeves, and the moving parts of the electrogenerating sections - to the foundation base of one or another implementation, and with this design the placement of the magnetic supports, which fix the rotating parts of the turbo electric unit in the axial and radial directions, can be successfully combined and can be placed partially in the same structure with the electrogenerating section, and partly brought to the periphery of rotating housings of energy-differentiating sleeves in the form of electromagnetic restraint systems or permanent magnets.

The method is carried out, in particular, as follows.

FIG. 1 shows the structure of the organization of energy channels in the plan.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a possible composition of energy channels in a vertical section.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one of the variants of an electric power generating unit.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one of the variants of integrated synchronization.

The air flow, part of the energy of which is converted into electrical energy, moves in space (Fig. 1), limited by the cylindrical surface 1 (traction pipe). The cross-section of the air flow, limited by surface 1, is cut in this example into energy-converting channels 2 by means of energy-differentiating cylindrical sleeves 3 (4 of them are shown in Fig. 1, but there may be two, and many more, with the organization of free air spaces between each pair, or without it), between which the blades 4 are fixed (in Fig. 1 one blade is shown, the horizontal projection of which is two lines: upper and lower edges). Energy channels in the air flow are labeled as I, II, III.

The outer surfaces of the light energy-differentiating sleeves 3, made primarily of metal-substituting materials, are tightened by retaining ropes 5 (see Fig. 2) located along their entire height (along the entire length of their forming), and they are located very close to the peripheral sleeves of considerable diameters. Radial ropes 6 are fixed and prestressed to shroud ropes 5 on all energy-differentiating sleeves 3, which are used in cases when the project provides for the equation of angular speeds of rotation of sleeves 3. With a full balance of angular speeds of rotation of energy-differentiating sleeves 3, radial ropes 6 carry only radial forces, certain prestressing. This option (the case of equality of the angular velocities of rotation of all or part of the energy-differentiating sleeves) is one of two fundamental design solutions for the implementation of the proposed method. The second of these is the variant in which the energy-differentiating sleeves have, according to the design task, mainly different angular velocities, but close to each other linear rotational speeds, and the latter, by their maximum level, are determined by the speed of the air flow for a given blade geometry. In this case, between each pair of energy-differentiating sleeves, connected by blades fixed to them, form free radial gaps, buried for the passage of air flow. In addition, both principal design solutions may have sub-options related to the placement of the bases of the energy-differentiating sleeves. One of them is the placement of their lower and upper bases (concentrically relative to each other) in two predominantly horizontal planes - the plane of the lower bases and the plane of the upper bases. Another option is to place the bases of a part of the energy-differentiating bushes of the wind turbine, which can be constructively designed as a separate turbine, in a position where some of them are raised above the others so that the air flow passes through the lower group of energy-differentiating bushes (through the bottom turbine), and then through the upper group of energy-differentiating bushings (through the upper turbine). There are several such consecutive technological cascades in the process of energy conversion.

FIG. 2 blades 4 are conventionally represented by one fragment (section in a vertical plane) in energy channel II, which is formed by two energy-differentiating sleeves 3 with blades 4 fixed in them along their entire height (7). The movement through this channel is shown schematically 7. At the exit of channel II, as well as other energy channels, devices 8 are installed to autonomously regulate the energy content of the air flow 7, which are, for example, automatically controlled by slonok moving relative to each other and the annular opening of the energy channel. Damper devices 8 in one design or another are also installed at the entrance to the energy conversion sections (i.e., from below) of the differential wind turbine, which is shown in FIG. 2 not shown. In the case of a differential wind turbine with mechanically uncoupled autonomous sections (the main embodiment of the method), in a multisection variant, the flaps 8 completely overlap at the top and / or bottom of those energy conversion sections and the associated electricity generating sections that need to be repaired when the braked state is off.

The shape of the aerodynamic surface of the blades 4, which can be very light and even flexible, is fixed by additional blade retaining cables 9, which are placed on them by means of light structural elements. If the blades 4 are made of flexible sheets of sheet steel, which are fixed in the profile-forming grooves made on the respective surfaces of the energy-differentiating bushes 3 (not shown in Fig. 2), the structural fastening elements of the blade holding ropes 9 can be made by means of canals on the surfaces blades and fixing units and prestressing them with respect to retaining ropes 5. In the case of making flexible blades using glass films as their surfaces or Other very flexible materials, structural elements that hold their profile using ropes under the pressure of the air flow can be performed using tubes whose shape is set according to the calculated surface profile of the blade 4. The fragment of the latter (Fig. 2) also shows a section of the transverse cable tie 10, i.e. ropes that are placed on the surfaces of the blades across the blade retaining ropes 9 and are fixed relative to them. Similar purpose cable ties 10 are inside the buildings of energy-differentiating sleeves 3, which is represented by the example of the sleeve separating the channels I, II. If the sleeves 3 are made of composite rings in height, the cable ties pre-tension them, forming a single rigid body of the energy-differentiating sleeve 3. The cable ties 10 are also fixed relative to the banding ropes 5 and the ropes 9, can pass inside the housings 3 or outside, along their surfaces what is determined by the options of specific designs. Fundamental to the implementation of the proposed method is that the cable ties 10 tie retaining rope 5 and rope 9, as well as radial ropes 6, if structurally applied, into a strong wire mesh as the basis for the strength and stability of the whole structure at elevated angular speeds of rotation of the sectioned wind turbine and under the action of the entire system of forces, including axial forces. The wind turbine in FIG. 2, as a whole, is represented by the sum of its sections consisting of four energy-differentiating sleeves 3 and light flexible blades 4 fixed between them. The transverse lines shown on the blade 4 (Fig. 1) conventionally depict the arrangement of transverse cable ties on their surfaces. It should be understood that the latter are not used in all constructive implementations of the proposed method, but only in accordance with the materials used, the size of the blades, other features. If a variant with one pair of energy-differentiating sleeves is adopted for implementation, when the larger of them concentrically covers the smaller one, and they are fixed among themselves by a system of aerodynamic blades, and inside the smaller sleeve, there is a free air space around the central axis of rotation to accommodate the shaftless electric generator with support legs ( partial or full volume), with a significant power of such a turbo-electric unit, the air-receiving area of each of the aerodynamic blades can reach 1-2 m greater magnitude, whereas the last advantageously performed with simultaneous application of both variants of cable ties (longitudinal and transverse).

Energy-differentiating bushes 3 are connected to the energy-converting power generating unit 11 in this example implementation of the proposed method through intermediate (hollow) support posts 12, inside which are connecting ropes 13, which are fixed by the upper ends to the wire mesh of the energy-differentiating sleeve 3, and by lower ends to the ring-shaped rotating disk 14 (Fig. 3), which in this case can be attributed to the power generating unit 11. The latter is one of the power generating sections of the distributed in the space of a single electric generator, made in the form of a flat structure, concentric disk power generating sections, approximate, as follows from FIG. 2, directly to the areas where the generation of mechanical energy occurs (in a wind turbine by means of the impact of the air flow 7 on the blades 4). Intermediate support struts 12 are composed, for example, of cylindrical rings of small diameter (not shown in Fig. 2) prestressed during installation by the connecting ropes 13 and thus turned into rigid structural elements transmitting torques and axial forces with the necessary margin of safety and stability . In addition, they form side openings for the passage of the air flow 7 into the energy-converting channels I, II, III, for example, from the helium-converting energy space, which is located in front of the entrance to the internal cavity of the wind turbine (in Fig. 2, the processes of preparing the air flow of the solar power plant are not shown). In this embodiment of the method according to FIG. 3, 4, the connecting ropes 13 are fixed relative to the annular disk 14, straining the intermediate hollow support posts 12 relative to it, and are thus mechanically connected to the moving part of the rotation support 15, which is rigidly fixed relative to the annular disk 14.

The movable part of the electrogenerating section 11 in the present embodiment contains two fundamentally important elements: a device 16 for creating an energy-stimulating field, consisting, for example, of permanent magnets, and a device 17, performing the functions of a power element that additionally corrects the force of the energy-stimulating field and is made, for example, electromagnetic system of excitation. The devices 16, 17 are arranged concentrically in two rows symmetrically with respect to the support of rotation 15.

The stationary energy-converting part 18 of the power generating section 11 consists of two concentric rows of electric coils located in magnetically conducting systems, which are two concentric rows of deployed power windings of an electric generator mounted on a fixed ring carrier platform 19, in which there is also a non-rotating counterpart of the rotation support 15.

- 6 008277

These supporting ring platforms 19 are installed on the supports 20 of the wind turbine foundation base and the solar power plant as a whole and are located concentrically relative to each other. Between them are made technological openings, special transitions, through which carry out installation and maintenance work. In addition to electric coils 18 with magnetic cores, concentric supporting platforms also have power distribution, auxiliary energy conversion and control systems that provide connections between the electric coils, their switching in the electric branches and switching the branches themselves by means of semiconductor switches, means for supporting rotational supports, etc. On moving energy-converting parts of electrogenerating sections 11, except for magnetic systems 16 and systems of magnetic subexcitation 17, which can be placed on a fixed carrier platform, are distributed distribution circuits, control and switching devices and other energy support equipment. In certain constructions, only permanent magnets can be located on rotating concentric disks (from the composition of the elements of the electrogenerating sections).

The electrogenerating sections 11 (FIG. 4), in this case there are three of them according to the number of energy-converting channels I, II, III, by their electric coils through semiconductor switch 21 are connected to consecutive electric branches, the composition of which can be adjusted. The latter are connected to a semiconductor synchronizer 22, the output of which is connected to a consuming electric network. The power elements 17, correcting the magnitude of the energy-stimulating field in the power generating sections, are electrically connected via control devices 23 to the computer center 24, one of whose functions is to manage the process of synchronizing the parameters of the energy-converting channels with the parameters of the consuming electric network, and to distribute the energy content of these channels and their electrical loads under the terms of the current generation of commercial electricity and, moreover, under the terms of the supply of electricity to own e needs (including charging of heat accumulators). The energy content of the air flow 7, directed to the energy conversion channels I, II, III, is regulated by means of automatically controlled devices 8 connected via control devices 25 to the computer center 24.

The implementation of the method shown in the figures is as follows.

The air flow 7 enters the internal cavity of the composite differential wind turbine, which cuts it into three energy conversion channels I, II, III by means of energy-differentiating bushes 3, between which the blades 4 are fixed. By means of the kinetic energy of the moving air flow and pressure drop Lr in it in the wind turbine area, acting on the blade 4, there is a torque applied to them relative to the central axis of rotation. Under the influence of this moment, the energy-differentiating bushes 3 begin to rotate, transferring the torque to the power generating sections 11. The wind turbine is extremely simplified and easily executable on diameters of 50 m and more. This fact is fundamental, for the larger the size of its diameter, the higher efficiency can theoretically be obtained at lower input temperatures and air flow rates.

Splitting a single energy channel of the air flow 7 into parallel concentric energy conversion channels (for large diameters of a wind turbine there are many more) creates unique possibilities for designing a wind turbine. Concentric sleeves 3 can be made of metal, aluminum, titanium alloys, or of a light metal-substituting material, and rotate each separately or in pairs, together with the exciting magnetic system of the electrogenerating section, on common or completely autonomous magnetic or combined, with high efficiency, rotation supports, so they can develop the maximum rotational speeds. Mechanical strength during rotation of the energy-differentiating sleeves 5 at the limiting speeds is ensured by the method of their manufacture: in height they are made up of a number of low too composite rings available for high-precision processing on modern software equipment for elements and parts, which, after manufacturing and installation, are bandaged with high-strength ropes 5, 9 , pre-tightening the ropes 10. On the respective surfaces of the sleeves, even in the process of manufacturing their constituent elements, the grooves are calculated form s, in which sheets are laid from sheet steel of appropriate dimensions. Thus, the metal sheets take the form of grooves into which they are inserted and form the surfaces of the blades, which can be volumetric, with a cross section in the air flow, resembling the shape of an airplane wing, and also be made up of volumetric, in other forms, horizontal components. With such exceptional simplicity of manufacturing energy-differentiating sleeves and energy-converting channels, the latter can be installed in such a quantity that the size of the blades between them is constructive and economically viable. The bearings of rotation 15 in this design are the most difficult element, however, the accumulated experience of designing using gas (on magnetic and air bags) supporting elements and liquid lubricants and combined variants allows them to be simple, reliable and cheap.

The torque generated by the blades 4 under the influence of the air flow 7 is transmitted to

- 7 008277 rotating disk 14, on which are fixed permanent magnets 16 and the power elements 17 of the magnetic excitation. Increased linear speeds of movement (rotation) of the magnetic poles (elements 16, 17) on rotating concentric disks 14 allow electric coils 18 with their magnetic cores to be made very light, with a small number of turns with easily workable high-quality insulation. This allows you to perform electricity generating sections of high voltage - 10 or even 35 kV, due to which the amount of expensive copper and dynamo steel used is extremely reduced. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of such a partitioned electric generator relative to the cost of a classic generator of similar power coupled by its shaft with the shaft of a low-speed wind turbine. In addition, the maintenance features of the power generating sections make it possible not to purchase an expensive standby power generator for storage, ensuring quick replacement of electric coils, if necessary, in separate power generating sections, without stopping the entire process of energy conversion. A feature of the implementation of the proposed method is the simplicity of a multivariate design ensuring maximum cheapness and speed of repair service, which complements the basis of the high efficiency of the method.

The energy content of energy conversion channels I, II, III is balanced by valves, for example film shutters 8, which regulate the air flow rates 7 in each of the channels I, II, III individually, up to the complete cessation of the air flow through any of the channels. There can be constructive designs of the proposed method and, thus, when separate sections of the wind turbine in the form of two energy-differentiating bushes 3 with blades 4 fixed in them and with associated electrogenerating sections 11 are brought out of the energy conversion channels to the service area, while other sections of the wind turbine continue to work , taking on all the power of the air flow 7 by means of devices 8.

Integrated integrated synchronization of energy conversion processes with the parameters of a consuming electric network is carried out when a total air flow 7 is applied to the wind turbine as follows.

Certain groups of electric coils of power generating sections I, II, III (11) are connected in series and can be re-connected by semiconductor switches 21 located on supporting concentric platforms 19. The arrangement of electric branches thus allows setting their voltage in accordance with the voltage of the electrical network, including with a total change in the power of the air flow 7 at certain intervals.

The electric branches are parallelized in a semiconductor converter 22, in which the power plant is also synchronously connected to a consuming electric network. Accurate adjustment of synchronized parameters in this embodiment of the method is carried out by means of structural power elements 17, transmitting a control action on energy-exciting fields (in addition to electronic synchronization control algorithms). In our example, these are sub-exciters that act on the magnetic flux in the air gap formed between the permanent magnets 16 and the electric coils 18. The power elements 17 electrical windings on the magnetic cores affect the magnetic flux within the knee on the magnetization curve in the range up to 7% of the total value magnetic flux. The effects on the power elements 17 through the control devices 23 are carried out by the computer center 24, which produces operational decisions in the synchronization process and invariant control actions in accordance with the program of electricity supply to consumers and short-term forecasts of environmental weather conditions and, therefore, forecasts of the energy content of the air flow 7. In this case, the computer center 24 through the control device 25 acts on the position of the automatically controlled dampers 8 , as well as other devices and systems that affect the total energy content of the air flow 7 (they are not shown in Fig. 2.3), which ensures the implementation of the program for the current generation and supply of commercial electricity.

The breakdown of the classic generator into the indicated flat concentric electricity generating sections, besides cheapening and increasing the reliability of the power generating design, among other technical solutions, opens in its own way a number of new possibilities that also enhance the efficiency of the proposed method.

In particular, electrogenerating disk structures make it easier to apply other physical principles for generating electrical voltage, which are more suited to some needs of the own needs of the energy conversion process. An example of such needs is the supply of high DC voltages to air purifiers known in the metallurgical and other industries. In addition, other high-performance technical solutions have been developed in the field of influence on the air flow in the air exhaust pipe.

In this regard, in the disk power generating section 11, instead of magnetic systems 16, 17, appropriate thin-film coatings, such as silicon, can be used, and current collectors can be installed instead of electric coils, the friction surfaces of which can be

- 8 008277 Vans due to the deposition of thin films of electrostatically conjugated substance.

In this case, electrostatically-energetically conjugated substances are couples of those substances, some of which have pronounced properties to the loss of electrons, and others to their acquisition as a result of mechanical and thermal contact of these substances with friction. These include the classic historical pairs - glass and ebonite, or modern silicon-based materials with additives that create electronic in some, and hole conduction in others, etc.

It is important to apply precisely thin layers of energetically conjugate materials so that not only high voltages can be obtained, but also significant electric currents through them. Such a rotating disk with a diameter of, for example, 10 m can be used to create a state-of-the-art electrophore machine with modern multi-layer and thin coatings of materials, which make it possible to reduce the electron work function outside the surfaces and transfer them from one surface to another. The electron-hole p-η transition, in particular, in such a machine can be realized and can be intermittently interrupted with the use of sparking capacitors.

Given these features, the electrophore principle is applicable when implementing the proposed method with local technological tasks, as well as creating a sufficiently powerful generator.

If a field of low, pointed surfaces is formed on the surface of the rotating disk 14, around its entire circumference, and they are covered with a substance with a small electron work function from its surface, then electronic clouds will form around these pointed surfaces, taking into account the additional manifestation of the effect of the metal sharp ends connected to ground circuits. In this case, when coating the pointed surfaces and the rubbing surfaces of the current collectors with thin layers of energetically conjugate materials, the necessary friction forces between the latter will be insignificant to obtain substantial powers at high electrical voltage, and this fundamentally increases the durability of rubbing contacts. Current collectors, and their number can be quite significant, are connected in parallel-series electrical circuits. With certain design parameters of such an electrophore generator and with certain temperature and velocity parameters of the air flow around it, the efficiency of energy conversion turns out to be high.

Technical solutions given as options for implementing the proposed method open up its cost-effective design capabilities, allowing the construction of very powerful solar power plants, which in their technical and economic indicators are superior to thermal power plants running on hydrocarbon energy raw materials.

The implementation of the method according to claim 1 of the claims creates the basis of its economic efficiency, however, its greatest advantages are manifested when implementing various dependent claims with it, according to the specific conditions of design, construction and operation of solar power plants using the proposed method.

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1. A device for converting the energy of a vertical air flow into an electric one, containing a vertically positioned cylindrical air duct, the inlet of which is connected from below to the source of airflow with adjustable axial - vertical and tangential - rotational components of its velocity and exit - to the vertical air outlet, and inside it has a wind turbine generator set in which the internal cavity of the wind turbine is distributed to auxiliary power converters to by placing several concentric pairs of cylindrical sleeves in it, cutting the total air flow of the air guide cylindrical channel into parallel autonomous concentric air flows and rotating using autonomous rotational supports, thus creating a structure without space, distributed in space, between each pair of cylindrical sleeves made in collapsible lightweight construction with application of prestressed bandage on their outer surfaces x ropes, autonomous groups of wind turbine blades are fixed in auxiliary energy converting channels, also made in a lightweight collapsible structure using prestressed rods and / or ropes as bearing elements of technological detachable connections of a wind turbine, while on the surfaces of said cylindrical sleeves free from the blades placed, at least one of them in each pair, between which the blades are mounted, the rotating magnetic poles of the electrons are fixed the power generator, and power electrogenerating coils with their magnetic cores are positioned relative to the latter through magnetic air gaps and fixed relative to the base base of the wind turbine electric generator, whereby the electric generator is also made in a shaftless design in the form of autonomous electro generating sections distributed in the volumetric space of the wind turbine and removing its torque. areas located at different radial distances from the axis of the air guide cylindrical each channel - 9 008277 a pair of said cylindrical sleeves mainly has a different, increasing to the periphery of the wind turbine electric generator, the angular velocity of rotation, and the associated autonomous electrogenerating section - the increasing frequency of electric current. 2. A device for converting the energy of a vertical air flow into electrical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the air flows between each pair of cylindrical sleeves and through the autonomous groups of blades connecting them pass through them as auxiliary energy-converting channels by means of concentrically placed inlet flanges fitted with aerodynamic air-guiding surfaces and adjustable dampers, at the same time due to the specified flanges between the auxiliary energy-converting channel Auxiliary work spaces have been created that are isolated from the energy air flow by means of air "locks", and the power generating sections and auxiliary technological means for servicing the wind turbine power generators, including the corresponding aisles and openings, are located in the auxiliary work spaces mentioned. 3. A device for converting the energy of a vertical air flow into electrical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrogenerating sections of the electric generator distributed in space are electrically interconnected with an external electrical network and with a computer center through semiconductor converters and control devices. 4. A device for converting energy of a vertical air stream into an electric one according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one electric generating part of the electric generator structurally coupled with the mechanism of rotational supports of the corresponding cylindrical sleeve is made by means of electrophore generating electric means, and the rotating supports are created using magnetic and / or air suspensions.