EA006644B1 - Muscle powered propulsion devices for swimmer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to swimming techniques using muscular force. The purpose of this invention is to expand the possibilities of a swimming person in every possible way, allowing him/her to swim quickly, manoeuvre freely, and dive while in the water, and to bring his/her possibilities closer to those of agilely swimming aquatic animals. The invention is based on the use of shoulder and thigh propulsion devices steering and control movements are performed by the strongest shoulder and thigh muscles. The muscle powered propulsion device comprises a muscle powered motor with one or two paddles kinematically attached to it and brackets (6 or 13) directly attached to a body frame (1) with joints (7 or 17), paddles (9 or 19) attached to paddle arm(s) (8 or 18) kinematically connected via joints (10,12 or 21) to thigh levers (3), linkages (11) or brackets (20). The shoulder muscle powered propulsion device comprises the body frame (1), ball joints (29) kinetically connected to it, adjustable linkage (30), ball joints (31) are kinetically attached the socket (32) of each ball joint (31), to which is securely attached fin guides (33) and perpendicular to them fin axles (34). Shoulder guides (28) transfer steering movements to the fin guides (33), the fin guides are directly attached to shoulder levers (24), which are solidly attached by upper arm fastenings (25) to the upper arms, by shoulder fastenings (26) to the body frame (1), and by chest fastenings (27) to one another at the centres of the shoulder joints. The fin guides (33) transfer steering movements to the fin blades (45 and 46) via the fin axes (34) and the fin levers (35,36). The swimmer can stop movement by raising one or both guide shoulders (28) by moving them upwards, causing push on the slider (37) and thus, via axes (39, 40, 43, 44) of linkage (41,42) to rotate the fin levers (35,36) and fin blades (45,46) to the outspread position, turning the fins into hydrodynamic brakes.

Description

Known individual swimmer mover (French patent No. 2094538, 23H 16/14), which contains a support, a belt for attaching the support to the body, attached to the support of the pedal, through which the forces are transmitted from the feet. Known sports swimming device (German patent No. 4410674 A1, 63H 16/18), which contains a floating casing with a fin attached to it, connected to the pedals. An inflatable beach fish is known (French patent No. 2164535, B 63H 16/00), which is driven by a fin with pedals attached to it.

The disadvantages of all these devices is that the fins are fixed separately from the swimmer’s body, without forming direct kinematic connections and a single mechanism with it, which does not allow the most powerful thigh muscles to be used for direct movements of the fins.

The aim of the present invention is to comprehensively increase the capabilities of a swimmer by creating propulsors that would allow him to quickly swim, freely maneuver, dive in the water, bringing his capabilities closer to the capabilities of fast-moving aquatic animals.

This goal is achieved by the fact that two muscular propulsors are used: the femoral muscular propulsor (first), designed for fast and efficient forward movement, and the shoulder muscular propulsor (second), designed to perform control movements when changing the direction of movement and when braking. The first muscular propulsion device comprises a femoral muscular engine (according to the invention of the present inventor R. Dainis, AS USSR No. 945491), which comprises a support for the body, femoral arms, fastenings of the body and thighs of the first muscular engine. One or two brackets are attached to the support of this muscular engine, to which one or two levers of fins with fins rigidly attached to them are attached by hinges. Levers of fins with hinges and rods are kinematically connected with femoral levers.

The invention provides the swimmer with qualitatively new maneuvering opportunities due to the use of a fundamentally new muscular propulsion device (second) for performing effective control and braking movements with the shoulder fins. The second muscular mover includes shoulder levers attached by elastic fastenings to the shoulder (to the upper arm) and from the upper back to the torso support of the first muscular engine. These levers in the upper part are fastened together in front of the chest by a common elastic mount. Direct shoulder sliding guides are attached to the shoulder levers, which directly transmit various shoulder movements to the fin guides. Ball joints are attached to the support of the first muscular engine, which are fastened to movable ball joints through adjustable rods at their other end. The guides of the fins are rigidly attached to the outer sphere of these ball joints, which form a kinematic pair of sliding with shoulder guides and this ensures the direct transmission to the fins of the movements performed by the muscles of the arms - shoulders. Each fin contains two closed symmetric fins, united by common axes, rigidly attached to the outer sphere of the movable ball joint perpendicular to the guiding fins. Closed fin plates can easily be turned into a hydrodynamic brake by deploying and opening these fin plates in opposite directions from the push of the slider and two intermediate levers, which are carried out during the movement of the shoulder guides. Under the influence of the upward movement of the shoulder, the slider compresses the shock absorber, which, after the downward movement of the shoulder, causes the fin plates to close again and again perform the functions of the steering wheel.

The direct kinematic connection between the hips and fins gives the swimmer great opportunities with powerful and sharp movements of the hips to achieve the greatest forward-moving force. This allows you to fix the desired angular position of the fin at the moments of a sharp stop of the hips, which allows you to suddenly change the direction of movement, its speed and perform sharp turns. Such turns and maneuvering can be performed even more efficiently when using all the capabilities of the fins as rudders or brakes, when, using fairly powerful muscle groups of the shoulder girdle, the swimmer fixes the fins in various positions of turns and / or braking.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a femoral muscular swimmer mover, comprising two fins and a shoulder muscular mover;

in FIG. 2 - the propulsion device shown in FIG. 1, bottom view along arrow A and section BB of the left fin;

in FIG. 3 - the second version of the femoral muscular mover, containing one fin in the position when the swimmer's right leg is straight and the left bent, and the shoulder muscular mover, when the shoulder of the left arm and fin are turned at an angle of 30 ° forward;

in FIG. 4 - the propulsion device shown in FIG. 3, bottom view along arrow C;

in FIG. 5 - the second version of the femoral muscular mover in a position where the swimmer moves both legs in a bent position, and the fin arm is deviated from the initial position by an angle α, and the shoulder muscular mover when the left fin with the developed fin plates acts as a hydrodynamic brake;

in FIG. 6 - the left fin of the shoulder muscular mover, acting as a hydrodynamic

- 1 006644 brake, cut Ό-Ό.

The femoral muscular propulsor according to the first embodiment contains a support of the torso 1 (according to the USSR AS No. 945491), a fastener 2 of the torso, two femoral arms 3 with fastenings 4 of the thigh, two axles 5 connecting the support of the torso 1 with the femoral arms 3. To the support 1 two brackets 6 are attached to the body, which are connected by axles 7 to the levers 8 of the fins, to which two fins are attached 9. Two femoral levers 3 by the axes 10 are connected to the intermediate rods 11, which are kinematically connected by the axes 12 to the levers 8 of the fin.

The femoral muscular propulsion system according to the second embodiment also contains a support of 1 torso (according to the USSR AS No. 945491), a fastening of 2 torsos, two femoral levers 3 with fastenings 4 of the hips, two axles 5 connecting the support of the torso 1 with the femoral levers 3. Towards the support 1 of the body, a bracket 13 and circular guides 14 are attached, the center of the circumference of which, by adjustment, is aligned with the common spatial line of the axes 5. The circular guides 14 are kinematically coupled with a circular slider 15, the continuation of which is made in the form of a bracket 16, which through a hinge 17 sec one with the arm 18 of the fin with the fin attached to it the two supports 19 and 20. The ends 20 of each arm 21 cardan joints, cardan rods 22 and universal joints 23 are connected to the left and right femoral arms 3.

The shoulder muscular mover comprises shoulder levers 24, shoulder mounts 25, elastic shoulder mounts 26 and a general chest mount 27. Shoulder guides 28 are rigidly attached to the shoulder arm 24. Ball joints 29 are attached to the upper part of the trunk support 1, connected via adjustable rods 30 to ball joints 31. Fin guides 33 are rigidly attached to the outer sphere 32 of ball joints 31, and fin axles 34 are connected perpendicularly to them, coupled to fin levers 35, 36 . The guides 33 of the fin form kinematic pairs with the guides 28 of the shoulder and with the slider 37 having power contact with the shock absorber 38. The sliders 37 are kinematically connected to the levers 35, 36 of the fin through the hinges 39, 40, rods 41, 42, axles 43, 44, to which are attached planes 45, 46 fins made of elastic material.

To the end of the support 1 of the torso attached support 47 of the head.

A swimmer performs fins movements of 9 or 19 thigh movements. In the first version of the femoral muscular mover, the movements of the hips of the swimmer are transmitted through the femoral levers 3, the intermediate rods 11, the levers 8 of the fins to the fins 9. The directions of movement of the fins 9 coincide with the directions of movement of the hips. Hip movements can be performed in the same or in opposite directions.

In the second version of the femoral muscular mover of the swimmer’s hips through the universal joints 21, 23, the universal joints 22 and brackets 20 are transmitted to the fin lever 18 and fin 19. The hips can only be moved in opposite directions. When the swimmer’s left thigh is straightened, the fin moves to the left, while the right thigh should bend. When the swimmer's right thigh is straightened, the fin moves to the right.

The fins control movements are carried out by the movements of the shoulder and shoulder levers 24 of the shoulder muscular mover, which transmit completely identical movements to the fins through the guides 28 of the shoulder.

The swimmer performs braking movements by lifting up both or one shoulder. The shoulder levers 24, which are rigidly fastened to the shoulders, and together with them the guides 28 of the shoulder, moving up, reach the end surface of the slider 37 and, moving further, push the slider 37, moving the hinges 39, 40, the rods 41, 42, axles 43 with them , 44, and the levers of the fins 35, 36 and the fins planes 45, 46 attached to them rotate to the deployed position (Fig. 6), turning them into a hydrodynamic brake. The braking force completely depends on the angle of rotation of the planes 45, 46 fins and the angular velocity of their rotation. In the initial position, when adjusting the length of the rods 30, a gap of 20-30 mm should be left between the end of the guides 28 of the shoulder and the end of the slider 37. This gap allows you to freely perform all side turns with your shoulders, thereby making it possible to perform very diverse turns of the fins, changing the direction of movement. Raising both or one shoulder by 25-35 mm, the swimmer can perform initial, partially inhibitory movements, and raising the shoulders by 40 mm or more, he can only perform braking movements. The brachial muscular mover allows the swimmer to also perform forward-moving movements, making oscillatory lateral turns with the shoulders around the body. In this case, the swimmer will “wave” the fins in the same way as penguins move their “wings”. A swimmer moving fins can move in different directions:

a) in the backward direction, moving the arms raised up close to the head;

b) forward, in the direction of the chest, moving his hands, bent towards the back;

c) backward, in the direction of the back, moving arms extended towards the chest.

The fins 9 and 19 are made of elastic material, their elasticity is the smallest at the end of the fin. Therefore, when performing lateral movements, these edges are unbent, while the muscular strength of the thighs is directly converted into a forward-moving force in full analogy with the effective action of the tail fins of dolphins or fish.

The proposed muscular swimmer movers can be effectively used in sports, on

- 2 006644 leisure, in research underwater operations and especially effective in rescue operations or in other underwater works.

Claims (4)

1. The femoral muscular swimmer’s propulsion device, including the muscular engine, containing the support (1) of the body, two fins kinematically coupled to it, characterized in that the brackets (6) connected to the axles (7) are attached directly to the support (1) of the body of the muscle engine with levers (8) with a fin attached to them (9), levers (8) of the fin with axes (10, 12) and rods (11) are kinematically connected to the femoral levers (3) of the muscular engine. 2. A femoral muscular swimmer’s thruster, including a muscular engine, one fin kinematically coupled to it, characterized in that a bracket (13) is fixed directly to the support of the muscular engine body (13), rigidly attached to circular guides (14) kinematically coupled to circular with a slider (14) rigidly fastened to the bracket (16), which is kinematically connected by an axis (17) to the fin arm (18) and the fin (19), and the brackets (20) rigidly fastened to the fin lever (18) through cardan joints ( 21, 23) having at least its two degrees of freedom of rotational movements and traction (22) kinematically connected to the femoral arms (3) muscular engine. 3. The femoral muscular swimmer mover according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the head support (47) is attached to the body support (1). 4. Shoulder muscular mover of the swimmer, containing the support (1) of the torso, characterized in that to the front edges of the support (1) of the torso are attached ball joints (29), adjustable rods (30), ball joints (31), to the outer spheres (32) ) of which the fin guides (33) and the fins axes (34) perpendicular to them are rigidly attached to them, kinematically connected to the levers (35, 36) of the fins, with the fins planes (45, 46) rigidly fixed to them and the guides (33) of the fins are kinematically coupled with shoulder guides (28) rigidly attached to the shoulder levers mi (24), which are fastened by elastic fastenings (25) of the shoulder with the shoulder, fastenings (26) of the shoulder blades with support (1) of the body, fastenings (27) of the chest between themselves, between the shoulder levers (24) at the level of the center of the shoulder joints, with direct transmission of lateral movements of the shoulders along the kinematic chain to the fins planes (45, 46), and the fins guides (33) are kinematically coupled to the slider (37) and connected to the shock absorber pressing it (38), and the slider (37) through the hinges (39, 43 ) is kinematically connected with the levers (35, 36) of the fin, this provides structural there is a closure of the fins planes (45, 46) from the pressure of the shock absorber (38) or the disclosure of the fins planes (45, 46) from the push of the shoulder arm (24) and the guide rails (28) of the shoulders when the shoulder is raised upward, and the shock absorber is compressed in the same movement ( 38).