EA006131B1 - Blasting cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to blasting cartridges and usable for reliable and safety blasting as bore holes charges during blasting operations in wet bore holes. The inventive blasting cartridge consists of a blasting charge and a polyethylene casing in which the bottom end is welded and the side surface at h=30-79% from the bottom thereof relative to H of the blasting charge is perforated, wherein the cartridge is further enveloped into a fabric casing having the bottom with outer and inner machine seams and the fabric casing is an external casing relative to the polyethylene casing, the casing necks are joint together and secured by outer seam(s). The polyethylene casing has punched holes d=0.5-2.5 mm positioned in one line perpendicular to the cartridge axis with s=5-11 mm. The height of each polyethylene casing is equal or exceeds the height of the fabric casing by up to 100 mm, and the contour length of the polyethylene casing is equal or exceeds the height of the fabric casing by up to 100 mm in cross section, wherein the machine seams are spaced b=5-60 mm. The bottom part of the fabric casing is bent over by 180 degree and secured by two outer machine seams along the straight line and by outer seam along the concave line. The side surface of the fabric casing is bent over by 180 degree and secured by the outer machine seam, the fabric casing is made from polyethylene bag of domestic or foreign origin or from a polyethylene used for storing ammonium nitrate or toluene, the polyethylene casing is made from tubular polyethylene film of at least 0.15 mm thick, cotton, synthetic, combined or flax threads or yarn with stitch width being 5-11 mm, the fabric casing is made from the tubular polyethylene film of required size. The cartridge uses ammonite N6ZHV or grammonite 79/21, 82/18, 85/15, 30/70, 50/50 or any other explosive as blasting material capable to explosive conversion in explosive slurry. The advantage of the inventive cartridge relative to the prior art is to be possibly used in water-filled bore holes.

Description

The invention relates to cartridges for blasting. It is used for reliable and safe blasting as borehole charges during blasting operations on the earth's surface in flooded wells.

Known cartridge containing rock ammonite number 1, with a diameter of 3645 mm charge. It consists of 66% waterproof ammonium nitrate, 5% TNT, 24% RDX and 5% aluminum powder. Extruded rock ammonite No. 1 is patronized in paper sleeves consisting of 2.5-3.5 layers of paper. Cartridges are additionally coated with a continuous layer of a moisture-insulating mixture of paraffin with 20-30% petrolatum [1]. Rock ammonite number 1 on the orders of consumers and in agreement with the manufacturer is also manufactured in bulk cartridges with a diameter of 28, 32, 50, 60, 80, 90, 100 and 120 mm. However, the rock ammonite is hypersensitive to mechanical stress and to fire. The lower limit of sensitivity to impact is 106 mm [2, p. 93-96].

With a lower sensitivity to mechanical stress, it is known to use a patronized ammonal powder. The lower limit of ammonal sensitivity to impact is 200 mm. Ammonal consists of 80.5% of ammonium nitrate of the brand ЖВ, 15% of TNT and 4.5% of aluminum powder. It is produced in a patronized form with a diameter of 3132 mm; specifications provided for cartridges with a diameter of 60, 90, 100 and 120 mm [2, p. 94-97].

The closest to the claimed invention in terms of the essential features (prototype) is a cartridge containing ammonite No. 6 ЖВ explosive material (in a polyethylene sheath Ό = 60-90 mm, Ό is the diameter of the cartridge) [3, p. 13].

However, it is impossible to charge the number 6ZHV cartridges with a diameter of 60 mm and more water-filled wells, since they do not sink in water.

When creating the invention, the task was to offer a cartridge for blasting, which can be charged watered wells.

To achieve such a technical result, the following blasting cartridge is proposed.

The proposed cartridge for blasting consists of an explosive material and a polyethylene shell, in which the bottom is welded and the side surface at a distance of 11 = 30-79% of its bottom, defined relative to the height H of the explosive material, is perforated, and the cartridge is provided with an additional woven shell with a bottom, having outer or inner machine seams, and a woven casing is located outside the polyethylene casing, with all the casing necks joined together and stitched with an external machine seam or machine seams.

The perforation of the polyethylene sheath is a hole with a diameter of 6 = 0.5-2.5 mm, made in one line perpendicular to the axis of the cartridge with a step of 8 = 5-11 mm.

The height of each polyethylene sheath is equal to or greater than the height of the woven sheath up to 100 mm, and the length of the contour of the polyethylene sheath is equal to or greater than the length of the contour of the woven sheath up to 40 mm in the cross section of the cartridge, with the machine seams located at a distance of b = 5-55 mm from the edges of the cartridge with the distance between the seams B = 5-60 mm.

The bottom of the woven polypropylene shell is bent by 180 ° and stitched with two external machine seams in a straight line and one external seam in a concave line.

The side surface of the woven casing is bent by 180 ° and stitched with an external machine seam, while the woven casing is sewn from a domestic or imported polypropylene bag or from a polypropylene bag from under granulated ammonium nitrate or from trotyl, and the polyethylene sheath is made of tubular polyethylene film not less than 0.15 mm thick.

The firmware of the shells is made of cotton, synthetic, combined or linen threads or yarn with a stitch width of 511 mm, and the woven casing is made of a polypropylene sleeve of the required size.

As an explosive material, the cartridge contains ammonite No. 6ЖВ, or grammonites 79/21, 82/18, 85/15, 30/70, 50/50, or any other explosive material capable of explosive transformation in a water-filled state.

The essential feature of the application is that in the polyethylene sheath of the proposed device, the bottom is welded and the side surface at a distance of 1 = 30-79% of its bottom, defined relative to the height H of the explosive material, is perforated, and the cartridge is provided with an additional woven shell with a bottom having outer or internal machine seams, and the woven casing is located outside the polyethylene casing, with all the necks of the casing joined together and stitched with an external machine seam or machine seams.

The perforation of the polyethylene sheath makes it possible to exclude the aforementioned drawback, namely that the cartridge No. 6 ЖВ does not sink in water, since it is made tightly and its bulk density is less than the density of water.

In the proposed cartridge, the side surface of the polyethylene sheath is perforated.

When the polyethylene shell of the cartridge is compressed with water, air escapes through the perforations in the polyethylene shell, and water seeps into the cartridge, additionally displacing the air between the particles of explosive material and dissolving part of the ammonium nitrate. The density of the cartridge increases and when the average density of the cartridge is greater than the density of water, the cartridges are immersed in water.

- 1 006131

If the perforation is located at a distance b from the sealed bottom of the polyethylene sheath more than 79%, determined relative to the height H of the explosive material, then the cartridge does not sink into the water. If the perforation is located at a distance b from the sealed bottom of the polyethylene sheath less than 30%, determined relative to the height H of the explosive material, then a significant leaching of the soluble component (ammonium nitrate) from the explosive material of the cartridge occurs.

The woven shell provides additional strength to the cartridge during its transportation and loading into the well.

If the diameter b of the perforation holes in the polyethylene sheath is less than 0.5 mm, then the cartridge long swimming in water without immersion is observed. If the diameter b of perforation holes in the polyethylene sheath is more than 2.5 mm, then the soluble component of the explosive material is significantly leached from the cartridge. When the pitch of the holes 8 is less than 5 mm, the intensity of leaching of the soluble component from the explosive material increases, while the pitch of the holes 8 is more than 11 mm, there is a significant time for the cartridge to float in water without immersion.

In order to guarantee the elimination of tears of the polyethylene sheath during the transportation of cartridges and its charging into the well, the height of the polyethylene sheath is equal to or greater than the height of the woven sheath to 100 mm and the contour length of the polyethylene sheath is equal to or greater than the length of the contour of the woven sheath up to 40 mm in cross section of the cartridge. If the machine seams are located at a distance of b less than 5 mm from the edges of the cartridge, it is difficult to sew them, and if they are located at a distance of b greater than 55 mm from the edges of the cartridge, then an increased consumption of shells material occurs. Providing a distance between the seams of less than 5 mm is difficult during the firmware, and if the distance between the seams is more than 60 mm, there will be an extra consumption of shell material.

To ensure the strength of the bottom part of the woven shell, it is bent by 180 ° and stitched with two external machine seams in a straight line and one external seam in a concave line.

In the manufacture of woven shells not from bag polypropylene, its lateral surface is bent by 180 ° and stitched with an external or internal machine seam. To reduce the cost of making cartridges, woven casings are sewn from a polypropylene bag from under granulated ammonium nitrate or from under TNT, with the polyethylene sheath made of tubular polyethylene film. The thickness of the polyethylene film is not less than 0.15 mm, which provides an additional guarantee of its strength.

If the stitch width is less than 5 mm, then additional thread consumption (yarn) occurs, if the stitch width is more than 11 mm, the strength of the seam decreases. The woven sheath can be made of a polypropylene sleeve of the required size.

As an explosive material, an explosive cartridge contains ammonite No. 6ЖВ, or grammonites 79/21, 82/18, 85/15, 30/70, 50/50, or any other explosive material capable of explosive transformation in a water-filled state.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-6. The blasting cartridge consists of an explosive material (1), a polyethylene sheath (2), a woven sheath (3), perforation (4), an external side seam (5), a seam or seams (6), bent (7) mouths (8) shells (2 and 3), a folded (9) side surface of the woven sheath, a folded (10) bottom part of the woven sheath, two external machine seams (11) in a straight line and one external seam (12) in a concave line. The polyethylene shell has a sealed bottom (13). The seams (14 and 15) are made as internal. H is the height of the explosive material in the cartridge, b is the distance from the bottom of the polyethylene sheath to perforation, b is the distance from the seam to the edge of the cartridge, B is the distance between the seams.

The blasting cartridge contains an explosive material (1, see Fig. 1, section A-A) in a polyethylene sheath (2) with a welded bottom (13), which has a lateral surface at a distance of 6 = 30-79% of its bottom, defined relative to the height H of the explosive material, perforated (4), while the cartridge is provided with an additional woven sheath (3), all the necks of the shells (2 and 3) are connected together (8, see Fig. 2), bent (7) and stitched outside machine seam or machine seams (6, see Fig. 1). The necks of the shells (2 and 3) are additionally bent (7, see Fig. 2).

The perforation (4) of the polyethylene sheath (2) consists of holes with a diameter of b = 0.5-2.5 mm, made in one line perpendicular to the axis of the cartridge with a step of 8 = 5-11 mm.

The height of the polyethylene sheath is equal to or greater than the height of the woven sheath up to 100 mm, and the length of the contour of the polyethylene sheath (2, see Fig. 3 and 6) is equal to or greater than the length of the contour of the woven sheath (3) up to 40 mm in cross section of the cartridge. External machine seam (6, see Fig. 1 and 4) is located at a distance b = 5-55 mm from the edge of the cartridge with the distance between the seams B = 5-60 mm (see Fig. 2 and 5).

The bottom part of the woven shell is bent (10, see Fig. 2) by 180 ° and stitched with two external machine seams (11, see Fig. 1) in a straight line and one external seam (12) in a concave line.

The side surface of the woven shell (3, see Fig. 3 and 6) is bent (9) by 180 ° and stitched with an external (5, see Fig. 1) or internal (15, see Fig. 4) machine seam. The woven casing is sewn from a polypropylene bag of domestic or imported production, or from a polypropylene bag from under granulated ammonium nitrate or from TNT. The polyethylene sheath (2, see Fig. 1) is made of tubular polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mm.

- 2 006131

For the flashing of shells, cotton, synthetic, combined or linen threads or yarn with a stitch width of 511 mm are used, and the polypropylene cover is made of a polypropylene sleeve of the required size.

As an explosive material (1), the cartridge contains ammonite No. 6 ЖВ, or grammonites 79/21, 82/18, 85/15, 30/70, 50/50, or any other explosive material capable of explosive transformation in a water-filled state.

Sizes of woven shells: width from 94 to 400 mm, length from 750 to 1000 mm. The bottom of the woven shell of cartridges is stitched along a concave line with a radius from 47 to 200 mm. At the ends of the seam there are woven threads with a length from 45 to 155 mm.

When dropping a cartridge (prototype) with only one polyethylene sheath from a height of 0.5 m onto a concrete floor, the sheath breaks. When dropping the proposed cartridge for blasting, equipped with a woven casing, from a height of 1.5 m onto a concrete floor, the destruction of the casing was not observed.

The bulk density of composite explosive materials does not exceed the density of water. Therefore, the cartridges in a sealed state are not immersed in water.

To ensure the flooding of the proposed cartridge in water, the polyethylene sheath (2, see Fig. 1) is perforated (4). When the polyethylene sheath is compressed with water, the air escapes from the cartridge through the perforations (holes) of the plastic sheath, and water seeps into the cartridge. Water fills the space between the particles of explosive material, dissolving part of the ammonium nitrate and increasing the average charge density in the cartridge. When the average density of the proposed cartridge is greater than the density of water, the cartridge sinks in water. This ensures the filling of flooded wells with the proposed cartridges.

To confirm the materiality of the signs included in the claims, the following experiments were conducted.

The cartridges were vertically immersed in water with the bottom of the polypropylene shell stitched along the concave line downwards and the time of their flooding and leaching of the contents of the cartridge after the day the cartridge was found in the water was recorded.

Under the vymyvaemosti explosive material contained in the cartridge, take the proportion of explosive material that comes out of the cartridge into the water in dissolved form. In tab. 1 and 2 shows the experimental data.

Table 1. Time of flooding cartridges in water

Investigated Ammo Time with Ammonite №6ЖВВ Grammonites 85/15 82/18 74 / L 50/50 30/70 Prototype (sealed cartridge) In the water does not sink - - - - - The proposed cartridge (weight 8.5 kg, diameter 120mm), perforation (hole diameter 6 = 2.5 mm, 7 mm pitch) of the polyethylene sheath at a distance H: - 10% of its bottom relative to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge one 2 2 2 3 four - 30% of its bottom relative to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge 2 3 3 3 four five - 50% of its bottom relative to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge four five five 6 7 eight - 79% of its bottom relative to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge 7 eight eight 9 eleven 12

- 99% of its bottom relative to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge

In the water does not sink

- 3 006131 (weight 8.5 kg, diameter 120 mm)

The proposed cartridge

- 50% of its bottom relative to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge

- 79% of its bottom relative to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge

Perforation (hole diameter 6 = 2.5 mm, 7 mm pitch) of the polyethylene sheath at a distance of 1:

- 30% of its bottom relative to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge

- 10% of its bottom relative to the height H [of the explosive material in the cartridge

Table 2. Washability of explosive material from the proposed cartridge (the cartridge is in water for one day)

Washability of explosive material % wt. Ammonite №> 6ЖВ Rammonites 85/15 82/18 79/21 50/50 30/70 24.0 23.0 22.0 22.0 21.0 20.5 10.0 9.3 9.3 9.3 8.4 7.5 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.2 5.7 4.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.0

The perforation of the polyethylene sheath during the experiments was a hole made in one line perpendicular to the axis of the cartridge.

As can be seen from the table. 1, a sealed cartridge with ammonite No. 6 ЖВ (prototype) does not sink into the water, which does not allow them to charge water-flooded wells. The proposed cartridge for blasting, in which the lateral surface of the polyethylene sheath at a distance of 11 not more than 79% of its bottom, defined relative to the height H of the explosive material, is perforated, immersed in water, which ensures that the flooded wells are loaded.

From tab. 2 that the leaching of the explosive material is significant (more than 20%) only if there is a perforation on the side surface of the polyethylene sheath at a distance of 1 from its bottom less than 30% (value 1 is related to the height H of the explosive material in the cartridge).

The advantage of the proposed cartridge in relation to the prototype is the possibility of using it in water-filled wells.

Depending on the requirements of the consumer, the proposed cartridges for blasting can be produced with a diameter of from 60 to 250 mm and a mass of from 2 to 35 kg.

Information sources

1. GOST 2198576. Industrial explosive substances. Rock Ammonite No. 1.

2. Pozdnyakov Z.G., Rossi B.D. Handbook of industrial explosives and explosives. Ed. 2, revised and add. M., Nedra, 1977.

3. The list of explosive materials, equipment and devices explosive case, approved for permanent use in the Russian Federation. M., 1997.

Claims (7)

1. The cartridge for blasting, consisting of explosive material and a polyethylene shell, characterized in that the bottom of the polyethylene shell is welded and the side surface at a distance of 1 = 3079% of its bottom, defined relative to the height H of the explosive material, is perforated, while the cartridge is additionally equipped a woven sheath with a bottom having external or internal machine seams, and a woven sheath is located outside the polyethylene sheath, all neck of the shells connected together and stitched with an external machine seam or machine E sutures. 2. The cartridge for blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforation of the plastic shell - 4 006131 represents holes with a diameter of 6 = 0.52.5 mm, made in one line perpendicular to the axis of the cartridge with a pitch of 8 = 511 mm. 3. The cartridge for blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the polyethylene sheath is equal to or exceeds the height of the woven sheath up to 100 mm, and the length of the contour of the polyethylene sheath is equal to or exceeds the length of the contour of the woven sheath up to 40 mm in the cross section of the cartridge, and machine seams located at a distance L = 5-55 mm from the edges of the cartridge with a distance between the seams B = 5-60 mm. 4. The blasting cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the woven shell is 180 ° bent and stitched with two external machine seams in a straight line and one external seam in a concave line. 5. The blasting cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surface of the woven shell is 180 ° bent and sewn with an external or internal machine seam, while the woven shell is sewn from a domestic or imported polypropylene bag or from a granular polypropylene bag ammonium nitrate or from trotyl, and the polyethylene shell is made of a sleeve polyethylene film with a thickness of at least 0.15 mm. 6. The blasting cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the flashing of the shells is made of cotton, synthetic, combined or linen threads or yarn with a stitch width of 511 mm, the woven shell made of a polypropylene sleeve of the required size. 7. The cartridge for blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that as the explosive material the cartridge contains ammonite No. 6ZHV, or grammonites 79/21, 82/18, 85/15, 30/70, 50/50, or any other explosive material capable of explosive transformation in a water-filled state.