EA004158B1 - Controlled release device for the preservation of wooden structure proximate soil - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A bound friable mixture, including: (a) at least one bioactive chemical; bound by sorption with (b) a binding carrier. 2. The bound friable mixture as recited in claim 1, wherein the binding carrier is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, activated carbon, alumina, hydroxyapatite, silicoalumina and combinations thereof. 3. The bound friable mixture as recited in claim 1, further including a pre-polymer. 4. The bound friable mixture as recited in claim 3, wherein the pre-polymer is polyethylene. 5. The bound friable mixture as recited in claim 1, wherein the bioactive chemical is in a liquid form during forming said friable mixture. 6. A controlled release device for deterring, repelling or killing pests including the bound friable mixture of claim 1 dispersed within a continuous polymeric matrix. 7. The controlled release device as recited in claim 6, wherein said bioactive chemical comprises a pesticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethroid, isofenphos, fenvalerate, water soluble bioactive chemicals, tefluthrin, permethrin, fenoxycarb, chlorpyrifos, lambdacyhalothrin, resmethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cyfluthrin, and combinations thereof. 8. The controlled release device as recited in claim 6, wherein said bioactive chemical includes at least one fungicide. 9. The controlled release device as recited in claim 8, wherein said fungicide is selected from the group consisting of tri-chloronitromethane, a mixture of methylisothiocyanate and 1,3 dichloropropane, sodium N-methyl dithiocarbomate, 2,3,5,6-tetracholoro-1,9-benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorphen, fentin hydroxide and combinations thereof. 10. The controlled release device as recited in claim 6, wherein said binding carrier is carbon black. 11. The controlled release device as recited in claim 6, wherein said polymer of said polymeric matrix is hydrophobia. 12. The controlled release device as recited in claim 6, wherein the polymer of said polymeric matrix is selected from the group consisting of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, vinyl acetate, urethane, polyester, silicone, neoprene, isoprene and combinations thereof. 13. The controlled release device as recited in claim 12, wherein the particles of said bound friable mixture are enveloped within the polymeric matrix. 14. The controlled release device as recited in claim 11, wherein said polymeric matrix is in the form of a rod, pellet, strip or sheet. 15. The controlled release device as recited in claim 6, wherein the polymeric matrix is in the form of a sheet. 16. The controlled release device as recited in claim 15, wherein said controlled release device further includes a second sheet for retarding or preventing photo-degradation of said bioactive chemical. 17. The controlled release device as recited in claim 16, further including a third sheet containing metallized Mylar, saran, or combinations thereof. 18. The controlled release device as recited in claim 17, wherein said bioactive material comprises at least one pesticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethroid, isofenphos, fenvalerate, water soluble bioactive chemicals, tefluthrin, permethrin, fenoxycarb, chlorphyrifos, lambdacyhalothrin, resmethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cyfluthrin, and combinations thereof. 19. The controlled release device as recited in claim 17, wherein said bioactive chemical is lambdacyhalothrin. 20. The controlled release device as recited in claim 19, wherein the polymeric matrix includes low density polyethylene. 21. The controlled release device as recited in claim 6, wherein said bioactive chemical includes at least one pesticide having a vapor pressure greater than about 0.1 mm Hg at 25 degree C. 22. The controlled release device as recited in claim 6, wherein said polymer of said polymeric matrix is in an amount from about 50 to about 90 parts by weight of said matrix and said bioactive chemical releases from said matrix at a rate from about 0.4 mkg/cm<2>/ day to about 40 mkg/cm<2>/ day. 23. The controlled release device as recited in claim 14, wherein the polymer is in an amount from about 50 to about 90 parts by weight of the matrix, the pesticide is in an amount from about 5 to about 30 parts by weight of the matrix and the carrier is in an amount from about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of the matrix. 24. A method of making a controlled release device useful for deterring, repelling, or killing pests, said method having the following steps: (a) forming a friable mixture including a binding carrier and at least one bioactive chemical so as to bind said bioactive chemical to said carrier; and (b) incorporating said bound particles of said carrier and said bioactive chemical into a polymer to form a polymeric matrix containing said bound particles. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the step of incorporating includes forming a melt of the polymer and the bound particles of said friable mixture. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the friable mixture includes the carrier, the bioactive chemical and a prepolymer. 27. The method as recited in claim 24, wherein the bioactive chemical is in a liquid form. 28. The method as recited in claim 27, wherein the bioactive chemical is a pesticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethroid, isofenphos, fenvalerate, water-soluble bioactive chemicals, tefluthrin, permethrin, fenoxycarb, chlorpyrifos, lambdacyhalothrin, resmethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cyfluthrin, and combinations thereof. 29. The method as recited in claim 24, wherein the bioactive chemical includes lambdacyhalothrin. 30. The method as recited in claim 25, wherein the bioactive chemical is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of tri-chloronitromethane, a mixture of methylisothiocyanate and 1,3 dichloropropane, sodium N-methyl dithiocarbomate, 2,3,5,6-tetracholoro-1,9-benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorphen, fentin hydroxide, and combinations thereof. 31. The method as recited in claim 25, wherein the bioactive chemical includes a fungicide selected from the group consisting of tri-chloronitromethane, a mixture of methylisothiocyanate and 1, 3 dichloropropane, sodium N-methyl dithiocarbomate, 2,3,5,6-tetracholoro-1,9-benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorphen, fentin hydroxide, and combinations thereof and further includes an insecticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethroid, isofenphos, fenvalerate, water soluble bioactive chemicals, and combinations thereof. 32. The method as recited in claim 28, wherein the pesticide is in an amount from about 5 to about 30 parts by weight of the polymeric matrix, the polymer is in an amount from about 50 to about 90 parts by weight of the polymeric matrix and the binding carrier is in an amount from about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of the polymeric matrix. 33. The method as recited in claim 27, wherein said polymer is a hydrophobia polymer. 34. The method as recited in claim 27, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, vinyl acetate, urethane, polyester, silicone, neoprene, isoprene and combinations thereof. 35. The method as recited in claim 27, further including the step of forming said matrix into a rod, pellet, strip or sheet. 36. The method as recited in claim 27, wherein said bioactive chemical is a low vapor pressure pesticide, wherein said low vapor pressure pesticide is combined with a high density pre-polymer. 37. The method as recited in claim 27, wherein said pre-polymer is selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene. 38. The method as recited in claim 27, wherein said bioactive chemical is a water-soluble fungicide. 39. The method as recited in claim 26, wherein said pre-polymer is selected from the group consisting of urethane, polyester, low density polyethylene, and combinations thereof. 40. The method as recited in claim 26, wherein said pre-polymer is a low-density polyethylene. 41. The method as recited in claim 27, further including the step of drying said binding carrier prior to mixing with said bioactive chemical. 42. A method of preventing or retarding decay and deterioration of a wooden object from wood attacking pests, including the steps of: (a) making the controlled release device as recited in claim 24 with a release rate of at least about 0.4 mkg/cm<2>/day; (b) creating a cavity in the wooden object; (c) inserting the controlled release device into the cavity and closing the cavity: and (d) permitting at least one bioactive chemical to vaporize from a surface of said controlled release device and to diffuse into the molecular wood structure of the wooden object thereby creating an exclusion zone within the wooden object having a concentration of the bioactive chemical above a minimum effective concentration preventing pest invasion into said exclusion zone. 43. A method of preventing the decay and deterioration of wooden objects in contact with soil caused by the invasion of pests including the steps of: (a) making a controlled release device as recited in claim 24; (b) placing the controlled release device proximate the wooden object, the concentration of the bioactive chemical being sufficient to provide a predetermined release rate through said polymer and sufficient to provide a minimal effective level to prevent pest intrusion for a predetermined period of time. 44. The method as recited in claim 43, wherein the controlled release device releases bioactive chemical at an initially high rate and a lower, steady state rate thereafter. 45. The method as recited in claim 43, wherein the minimal effective level is maintained throughout the whole wooden structure. 46. The method as recited in claim 43, wherein the minimal effective level is maintained in a zone of the wooden structure. 47.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for controlled release, consisting of a polymer, a bioactive chemical substance comprising at least one fungicide and a carrier binder, effective to prevent or slow the decay of wood of a wooden object that is in direct contact with the ground. The term “bioactive” as used herein means irritation of the body, usually in a negative way, for the purpose of deterring, including its destruction.

Protecting wood from rotting is known as a problem since ancient times. Roman books on architecture included a description of the preservation of trees after they were cut, for plastering or coating them with a means of hardening them and using them appropriately in construction. (See XV. C. Nauek, eb, Ex1epbhdd Hooob Roe ehs: 8oMpd a $ 5-eShop / eaeg ProoEs, Eees1aaaaaaaaaaa, 41-47 a! 42 (Enegiagu 1986).)

Currently, the protection of wooden poles, railroad ties and poles of fencing from decay is of great importance. It was found that the decay of such wooden objects is mainly due to the influence of pests, and in particular fungi, termites, wood ants and other insects that inhabit the wood.

Rotting caused by fungi is a well-known and main source of destruction of wooden objects with the removal and separation of fibers, which weakens the wooden object. (Look at V.A. \ ν Wagk 1982.) Although decay most often occurs 50 cm from the soil line, any part of the column that has a moisture content above 20% and is in contact with oxygen may be susceptible to decay caused by fungi. The second area of decay is the crossover area. Pests feed on wood, expanding the network of microfiber bundles of single cells (hyphae) through cracks in the wood. Gyphae produce enzymes that dissolve cellulose and fill wood, turning it into simple chemicals that fungi then use as food. In its initial stages, rotting is often an invisible naked eye, but it can completely destroy large volumes of wood. Termites, ants and other insects that inhabit the wood sharpen the wood with a violation as a result of its integrity and structural strength. The problem of pest colonization is exacerbated by wood cracking during drying. When the wood dries to a moisture content below

30%, she sits down. Since the moisture level of a freshly sawn tree decreases at a distance from the center, when the tree dries, Y-shaped cracks are obtained, which increase the additional surface for the penetration of pests. In addition, any protection of a wooden object, which limits the outer surface of such an object, becomes inapplicable, once cracks form.

The significance of the problem of rotting wood is illustrated by wooden poles. 120 million wooden poles are in operation in the United States, of which 15-20 million today need processing to continue their operation and 4-6 million become unusable every year. A study by the Electricity Research Institute (ERS) showed that, on average, $ 810 costs a replacement electrical distribution pylon and $ 1,690 costs a replacement electrical transmission pylon.

A modern, commercially acceptable approach to protecting new supports is to pressure treat the outer layers of the lower parts of the supports with various organic and inorganic compounds. One commonly used preservative is creosote, obtained by dry distillation of coal. Another organic preservative that is commonly used to impregnate wooden objects, including supports, is pentachlorophenol (penta). However, its use in the United States is somewhat limited by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Wooden supports are also impregnated with inorganic compounds such as chrome-plated arsenic copper (CCA), ammonia copper arsenate (ACA) or ammonia copper-zinc arsenate (Λί ',' ΖΛ). However, the problem for these inorganic wood impregnation agents is that they leach out and quickly lose their effectiveness in preserving wood.

A more recent approach to preventing rotting of wooden poles is to place a shell-shape around the pedestal. Formarakovin comes in about 0.6-0.9 m above the soil surface and about 0.6-0.9 m below the soil surface. The polymer mixture is placed in an annular gap between the shell-form and the support, where the resin fills the cracks and then cures and hardens. When removing the shell mold, the vulcanized resin supports the support and slows down further rotting of the wood. Pesticides or insecticides may be added to the resin. However, the effective life of the pesticide in the resin is relatively short and not easily replaced by a new one.

A common problem in treating wood by impregnation with any organic or inorganic preservatives is that the impregnating substances reach only the surface layers of wooden objects. Accordingly, 3 cracking of wood expands the untreated zones that undergo decay.

The pressure impregnation option provides limited protection against decay for several years to typically about 15 years. In addition, the option of impregnation under pressure cannot be applied to wooden supports already in place. Protection of the supports from rotting already in place can be extended by periodic inspection and treatment, if necessary, with fumigants, such as chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane), UFRLM (sodium methyldithiocarbamate), a non-volatile solid that hydrolyzes to form methyl isocyanate, or UBEEX, a volatile liquid containing methyl isocyanate, in combination with the physical strengthening of the destroyed support. It was shown that such a healing treatment ceases fungal activity in supports from Douglas for 10 years. (See ΡΌ. Sgayat s1 a1., SoyoShid Vyuoduya1 Os1aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ... centering the pylon and pouring a fumigant into the hole Physical hardening of a damaged pylon usually involves the placement of reinforcing structures such as metal casings, covered in concrete shirts, or an adjacent support pylon.

The problem with modern processing and repair methods is that they are effective for relatively short periods of time and require regular expensive inspections with heavy use of labor and continuous additional processing and repairs. Providing an excessive amount of impregnating substance or fumigant does not solve the problem of short duration of protection. An excess of such an impregnating substance or fumigant is quickly lost into the air or soil, reducing long-term effectiveness. In addition, the loss of impregnating substances or fumigants can cause significant environmental problems. In addition, additional impregnating substances and fumigants are subject to decomposition, which makes them ineffective for long-term use and economically disadvantageous for short-term use. The concentration of bioactive ingredients, obtained from a simple application of an impregnating substance or a fumigant, begins already above the minimum level necessary for effectiveness, but decreases rapidly over time, quickly falling below the minimum effective level.

Since a long-term option for introducing the pesticide is desired, the pesticide that is used to control such introduction can be introduced into the controlled release device. The term “controlled release device” refers to a substance that provides controlled and sustained release of a bioactive chemical from its surface. By means of the device, a method for controlled release of a chemical into the environment is carried out. The chemical released into the environment determines the effective area of effect.

Currently, there are at least three controlled release packaging systems, including microcapsules, coated granules, and chemically bound fungicides, where the fungicide is chemically bonded to the polymer.

Despite the fact that there are a number of reasons for recommending microencapsulation (it is very versatile, uses a number of manufacturing techniques and reduces the toxicity of the material contained), it is essentially a short-term system with a service life measured in months rather than years. In addition, microencapsulation can significantly increase the cost of the encapsulated fungicide. In addition, this method is not used to protect other parts of the wood.

The coated granules have a pesticide absorbed on a matrix, such as clay, and then coated with crosslinked resins, which helps to slow down the rate of release. Clay loses or releases the pesticide in a short period of time, at most in a few weeks.

Chemically bound pesticides are obtained by chemically binding the pesticide to the polymer either by chemically reacting the pesticide with a preformed polymer, or by attaching the pesticide to the monomer and then crosslinking to form the polymer. The amount of pesticide chemically bonded to the polymer affects the integrity, strength and properties of the polymer. Accordingly, the amount of pesticide that chemically binds is limited to less than about 10% by weight to maintain polymer integrity.

Japanese application 1P 8039-601, 1A 1983-03 describes a bactericidal agent placed in a hydrophilic polymer and molded into a rod or tablet, which is inserted into an opening in a tree trunk. The hydrophilic polymer absorbs moisture from the tree and dissolves, as a result of which the bactericidal agent is released. This controlled release device will be inoperative in non-living dry wood. Indeed, it will be inoperative in the environment of exposure to variable humidity, because overexposure to moisture results in too rapid separation, and a lack of moisture results in insufficient dissolution to release the bactericidal agent.

Therefore, there has long been a need to create a device, method and system for protecting wooden objects from moisture for a long period of time to prevent decay and destruction of such objects by pests such as fungi, termites, ants and other flora and fauna that populates the wood. The need is especially acute in combination with the prevention of decay and destruction of wooden poles, railroad ties, pillars of fences and buildings.

This invention relates to the protection of wooden objects in direct contact with the ground from being infected by pests, and wooden objects include (but are not limited to) wooden poles, wooden railway sleepers and wooden fence posts.

The present invention relates to a device and method for protecting for a long period of time from rotting and destruction of wooden objects caused by the invasion of pests such as fungi, termites, ants and other flora and fauna that populate the wood (for example, insects). An object of the present invention is to provide a bonded bulk mixture that can be incorporated into a polymer. A bound loose mixture is obtained by combining a bioactive chemical substance containing at least one fungicide with a carrier binder capable of binding the bioactive chemical substance in itself or to itself. The binding is carried out by sorption, for example adsorption, absorption, chemisorption, and combinations thereof, and is characterized or differs from adhesion with the surface tension of a liquid to a solid surface by a higher retention or slower release of the bioactive chemical. The bound bulk mixture can then be introduced into the prepolymer (monomer or powder polymer) to form a controlled release device for commissioning.

The resulting controlled release device is preferably made in the form of a tablet or a rod that is inserted into an opening in a wooden object, or in the form of a sheet that can be placed under or around the base. The device can be applied to the outer surface of the wood individually or in combination with a device placed inside. The controlled release device releases the pesticide at a predetermined rate to form a biochemical barrier, or protective zone, to prevent pests from populating for a predetermined period of time.

For pesticide releasing devices inside a wooden object, the minimum effective level is maintained throughout the object, thereby eliminating the problems associated with wood cracking. In addition, such devices can eliminate environmental and health problems caused by an excessively high concentration of pesticide on the surface of wooden objects or in the local environment around the object.

In a preferred embodiment, the pesticide and the binder carrier are first mixed, then placed in the prepolymer.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the device first releases the pesticide at a high rate, and then at a low steady-state rate. Such a release profile ensures that the wooden object becomes protected in a relatively short period of time, and after reaching the minimum effective level, only the amount of pesticide required to replace the decomposed pesticide is released. This release profile minimizes potential environmental and health problems from treatment and reduces the cost of treatment.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the device is applied to the outer surface of a wooden object in the form of a coating containing a pesticide, which is released in a controlled manner. The coating is applied to the outer surface of the wooden object and the minimum effective level of pesticide is maintained on the wood surface and / or in the surrounding soil.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an element that at least partially covers the surface from the outside is applied externally to a wooden object. This element with tanks containing a device for controlled release, provides a minimum effective level of pesticide to protect the wooden structure.

In accordance with another objective of the present invention, the device is placed inside a wooden object near the ground level, ensuring the movement of the pesticide transversely and longitudinally by molecular and gas diffusion and, mainly, longitudinally by capillary action of the wood structure and moisture.

The present invention, together with related objectives and advantages, is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a comparison of the concentrations of a pesticide applied in a unit dose and method and with the device of the present invention to a wooden object as a function of time.

In FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an upper section of a wooden telephone pole, showing the location of a controlled release device constructed in accordance with the present invention.

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In FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a wooden telephone pole treated by the method of the present invention with the installation of the pesticide-releasing device of the present invention.

In FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the wooden telephone pole of FIG. 3, showing an installed pesticide-releasing device constructed in accordance with the present invention.

In FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a drilling operation in a method for installing a pesticide-releasing device of the present invention.

In FIG. 6 is a perspective view of railroad rails mounted on railway sleepers that contain pesticide-releasing devices designed and installed in accordance with the present invention.

In FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a wooden support coated with a controlled release pesticide layer constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a railroad tie, the lower surface of which is covered with a pesticide controlled release layer constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a wooden support surrounded by a controlled release device constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The duration of the pest control can be significantly increased by first combining a bioactive chemical substance containing at least one fungicide with a carrier binder as a bound loose mixture. The controlled release device against wood pests can then be molded by placing the bound loose mixture in the polymer. The polymer may be in the form of a prepolymer, monomer or polymer powder, which is then molded into a tablet, bar, tape, sheet or any suitable form to actuate a device for controlled release against wood pests.

Wood pests include, but are not limited to, for example, fungi and / or mold; macroorganisms including insects and arachnids, such as ants, termites, beetles and spiders; and their combinations.

Rotting and destruction of wooden objects contained in the soil can be prevented for a long period by a controlled release device that releases the pesticide at a given rate into a wooden object containing at least a portion of such an object above the concentration of the pesticide that can be tolerated pesticides. The devices of the present invention can prevent pests from infecting wooden objects during a given life of such objects. For example, the devices of the present invention can prevent pests from rotting and destroying wooden supports for at least twenty (20) years and preferably at least fifty (50) years.

The method of the present invention for processing wooden objects can be used on any wooden object; however, in practice it is used mainly in the processing of wooden objects that come into contact with the ground either in the ground in contact with the ground or close enough to the ground, where pests have access to the wooden object / objects. Wooden objects for which the present invention is particularly applicable include wooden supports, wooden railway sleepers, wooden parts of bridges, such as bridge fasteners, wooden poles of fences, and the like. The specialist should be clear that the term wooden objects is used to refer to objects made of wood, that is, from the trunk and branches of sawn wood. The term wooden objects is not intended to mean growing trees.

The device of the present invention can be installed in wooden objects that are already in the ground, and in wooden objects that have not yet been placed in the ground. The present invention is effective in the processing of both wooden objects that are infected by pests, and wooden objects that have not yet been affected by pests. The preferred actuation of the device of the present invention is to install in a wooden object and then release the pesticide at a controlled speed into the wood. The pesticide release rate is selected by the device to maintain at least a portion of the wooden object at the minimum effective level. As used in the description and the attached claims, the term minimum effective level is defined as the level of pesticide that can be mastered by pests. In some cases, the creation of a protective zone into which pests cannot penetrate is sufficient to protect the entire facility. The creation of such a zone has the advantage that less pesticide is required than if such a level is maintained throughout the facility. It is also often much cheaper to install devices to create such a zone than to process an entire facility. Finally, creating a barrier to pests, or a protective zone, has advantages in terms of ecology and human safety. This is because most of the facility does not contain pesticide.

The controlled release devices of the present invention preferably have a release rate shown in FIG. 1, which is initially high in order to bring the concentration of the zone pesticide in the wood object or in the whole object to the desired concentration level, as quickly as possible. From this moment, the release rate becomes slower, preferably just sufficient to maintain the object or the selected area of the wooden object above the minimum effective level to prevent infection by pests. An initial high release rate is achieved by releasing the pesticide from the matrix before introducing the device into or onto a wooden object. The amount of pesticide released can vary by changing the temperature and the amount of release time before the device is introduced.

Hydrophobic polymers have been found to serve as effective pesticide-releasing devices because they can act as reservoirs and release-controlling mechanisms for the pesticide. They are able to function in this way because they capture the pesticide in their matrices, and the matrix acts as a reservoir for the pesticide. In addition, these polymer matrices can protect the pesticide from destruction. Thus, the polymer feed system can maintain an effective dose of the pesticide for an extended period of time in the area surrounding the device. The hydrophobicity of the pesticide-containing polymer is preferably less than 13 on the HLB scale or on the solubility index scale. More preferred hydrophobicity is less than about 10, and most preferred hydrophobicity is less than about 8. Polymers that are water soluble and / or have ionic groups (e.g. carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids) are especially exceptional and / or are treated with water to form materials that contain water. However, the present invention includes mixtures of, for example, polyethylene and Polox, in which Polox is a water-soluble ethylene oxide polymer. However, the bioactive pesticide is contained in a hydrophobic polymer.

The pesticides used in the present invention depend on infectious pests, which, in turn, depend on many factors, including the type of wood, the geographical location of the wooden object and the soil in which the object is contained. In most cases, the pesticide is chosen to eliminate fungi and woodworm insects. Hackers-woodworms that cause particular problems include woodworm ants and termites (whetting or dry wood). If a single pesticide does not eliminate all infectious pests, the device can administer a combination of pesticides if such pesticides are compatible with each other or with each other. If pesticides are incompatible due to different release rates or for other reasons, separate processing devices in accordance with the present invention may be used. For termites and / or ants, the currently preferred pesticide is pyrethrin, especially, for example, teflutrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, or a combination thereof. Other preferred pesticides include, in particular, phenoxycarb and chlorpyrifos sold under the trademark Chlorophos by Eo \\ · C11C1chea1.

Fungal pesticides include, but are not limited to, trichloronitromethane under the brand name Chloropicrin, a mixture of methyl isothiocyanate and 1,3-dichloropropane under the brand name Uog1ekh, sodium метил-methyldithiocarbamate under the brand name Uarash, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro 1.9- benzoquinone under the trademark OYogopP. calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorophen, fenthydroxide, and combinations thereof. Preferred fungicides are biphenyl, dichlorophen and chloropicrin, which are water soluble and are incorporated into urethane or low density polyethylene. The amount of polymer is preferably about 70 wt.% With a fungicide in an amount of from about 5 to about 30 wt.% And a carrier binder in an amount of from about 5 to about 30 wt.%.

Other typical examples of insecticides include, but are not limited to, isofenfos, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, permethrin, pyrethrin, phenoxycarb, teflutrin, and combinations thereof, as well as in combination with any of the pesticides listed above.

The choice of polymer for the device for controlled release depends on the conditions encountered either inside the support or on its outer surface. Polymer matrices must be able to withstand seasonal variations in temperature and humidity. In addition, due to their open contact with the elements, the matrices used to cover the pillars must be able to withstand harsh conditions. The polymer used in the coating must meet three requirements. Firstly, it must be bonded to a wooden post so that it remains intact during processing. Secondly, it must provide an adequate diffusion barrier for the pesticide so that the release rate is compatible with the desired service life. Finally, the choice of polymer should take into account the characteristics of the pesticide.

Polymers capable of withstanding such conditions and providing the required release rates of pesticides can be classified into four groups: thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, elastomeric polymer and their copolymers. As an example (but not to limit the scope of the present invention), low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, vinyl acetate, urethane, polyester, silicone, neoprene and isoprene polymer and copolymer can be used in this invention.

When synthetic pyrethroads are used, the preferred polymer is high density polyethylene, in particular polyethylene MA 778-000. More specifically, pyrethroids having both low water solubility and low vapor pressures ranging from 1 nPa to 100 MPa, including teflutrin (80 MPa), permethrin (45 nPa), lambdacigalotrin (200 nPa), resmetrin (1.5 nPa) , deltamethrin (0.002 MPa), cypermethrin (0.5 nPa), cifenotrin (0.12 MPa) and cyfluthrin (1 MPa) are preferred in combination with high density polyethylene. Most preferred are permethrin, cifenotrin, teflutrin, or combinations thereof, due to a combination of their effectiveness and their release rates from and through the polymer. For more water-soluble bioactive chemicals, urethane is used, in particular urethane 2200, polyethers Nu 1gs1 and low-density polyethylene, in particular гоsgo111sps 763. Water-soluble bioactive chemicals include diazinon, chlorpyrifos, phenoxycarb, trailometrin, methylisothiocyanophenate and p.

In addition, a filler and / or a carrier binder are preferably introduced to optimize the polymer content. The introduction of such a substance can increase the amount of pesticide introduced into the desired polymer, and at the same time contributes to the rate of release of the polymer. The carrier binder includes carbon, hydroxyapatite, alumina, silica alumina, and combinations thereof. Carbon may be in the form of activated carbon, carbon black, and combinations thereof. Carbon black is the preferred carrier binder. More specifically, XC-72 Volcano is preferred since XC-72 Volcano has greater adsorption capacity compared to other carbon blacks. For bioactive chemicals that are liquids at room temperature, such as diazinon (pesticide) and copper naphthanate (fungicide), hydroxyapatite is the preferred carrier binder.

For high density polyethylene, a preferred amount of high density polyethylene is about 70 wt.% And bioactive chemicals with low vapor pressure in an amount of about 10 wt.% With a carrier binder in an amount of about 20 wt.%. For low density polyethylene, polyester, urethane, the preferred amount of polymer is about 65 wt.%, And water-soluble bioactive chemicals is about 15 wt.% With a carrier amount of about 0-25 wt.%. For all combinations, the content of the bioactive chemical may be in the range of from about 5 to about 30 wt.%, And the content of the binder carrier is about 0-25 wt.%.

With the introduction of a carrier binder, it was found that simply introducing the carrier binder into the mixture of the pesticide and prepolymer gives the poor formability of the controlled release device and allows the pesticide to evaporate. Accordingly, it is preferable to first mix the pesticide with a binder carrier as a bound loose mixture, so that the pesticide is preferably bound either on the surface of the binder carrier, or in the bulk of the binder carrier, or both. The bound loose mixture of a pesticide and a carrier binder is then introduced into the polymer. The bound pesticide is delayed or protected from evaporation during the subsequent molding of the polymer.

The pesticide is best mixed with a carrier with the pesticide in liquid form. Some pesticides are in liquid form at room temperature, while others are solid or almost solid at room temperature. Accordingly, it may be necessary to heat the pesticide to obtain a liquid form for mixing with a carrier binder. For a pesticide in solid form with a high melting point, for example carbendazine fungicide, the solid form is preferably a powder or granular form mixed with a carrier binder.

In another embodiment, the device for controlled release is made of two parts: the inner part is surrounded by the outer part. The inner part contains a mixture of pesticide and a binder carrier with the outer part of a hydrophobic polymer encapsulating the inner part. The outer part may also contain a pesticide and a binder, which is the same or different compared to the inner part.

The inner part preferably has about 60 wt.% A pesticide, 30 wt.% A binder carrier and 10 wt.% Polymer and may have in the range from about 5 to about 70 wt.% Pesticide, from 10 to about 95 wt.% Binder - carrier and from 0 to about 85 wt.% polymer.

Forms of a controlled release device include sheets, rods, tablets, and two-part structures comprising an inner part and an outer part, rods or tablets, and / or multilayer sheets, where one sheet contains a pesticide or pesticide and a carrier binder, and the other sheet is added to prevent photodegradation of the pesticide from light radiation.

If the controlled release device is intended to be installed in a wooden object, the pesticide must be contained in the polymer in quantities sufficient to maintain a minimum effective level. Preferably, the concentration in parts by weight is maintained. polymer from about 50 to about 80, a pesticide concentration of from about 5 to about 30, and a carrier binder concentration of from about 5 to about

20. With this polymer filling, the minimum effective level may be maintained for at least seven (7) years. As shown by the concentration profile in FIG. 1, a controlled release polymer device can maintain a minimum effective pesticide level for much longer periods than single use methods.

The device of the present invention may have any physical form. If the device is inserted inside a wooden object, it is desirable to have a device shape corresponding to the cavity. Sheets, sleeves, multilayer layers, tablets, geotextile dots, vessels, vessel covers and ribbons are just some of the forms that the present invention can embody.

In some cases, it is desirable to introduce the device into the wood in liquid or gel form, which may or may not harden immediately after its introduction. For example, the pesticide can be introduced into the molten polymer, which is then injected in the molten state into a cavity in a wooden object. The polymer then solidifies, creating a solid device that fits tightly into the cavity. Similarly, the pesticide in the molten polymer can be distributed on the surface of the wooden object and then solidifies, creating a device that surrounds part of the wooden object, as shown in FIG. 3.

For supports, as shown in FIG. 2-5, it is preferable to introduce the device as a device for controlled release near the center of the support, so that the pesticide is carried out by diffusion and longitudinally capillary action of the wood structure. Immediately after insertion, the hole in the support should be sealed (not shown in the figures). Preferably, the seal used provides a diffusion barrier to the pesticide. Since a cavity in wooden objects is often created by drilling holes in them, the devices of the present invention are often cylindrical, as shown mainly in FIG. 2-4. The diameter of the cylindrical device may be any from a thread size to several meters, but preferably is from about 12.5 to about 51 mm. The length can be any, but preferably the length does not exceed the length of the wooden object. For a device inserted longitudinally into a part of a wooden support placed below the level, it is preferable that the length of the device approximately corresponds to the distance of the wooden support going below the level.

In FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2 shows a controlled release device 51 already inserted near the top of the support 12.

In FIG. 3 shows a method of processing an existing support 11. In this figure, the lower end of the support 11 is drilled by a worker using a drill 40. A crimp ring 30 is installed around the support 11 to fix it when the drill 40 passes into the support 11. FIG. 4 shows the finished support 11 of FIG. 3 with the controlled release device 50 inserted.

In FIG. 5 shows the drilling operation of the new support 10. To drill a hole 30 in the support 10, a drill 20 is used to form a reservoir for the device for controlled release.

In FIG. 6 shows railway sleepers 72 into which a controlled release device 52 is preferably inserted near the center of the sleepers 72. A preferred embodiment includes a mechanism capable of moving along rails 90 with a controlled release device 52 inserted into the sleepers 72. The mechanism may use multiple drills for drilling holes in the sleepers 72.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the polymer is placed in contact with the outer surface of a wooden object. This option provides direct wood protection. The option maintains a minimum effective level of pesticide on the surface of the wood and, if in contact with the soil, the surrounding soil. Preferably, the concentration in parts by weight the polymer is in the range from about 50 to about 80, the concentration of the pesticide is from about 50 to about 80, more preferably from about 10 to about 30, and the concentration of the binder is from about 10 to about 20. With this filling of the polymer, the minimum effective level can be maintained for at least seven (7) years. However, it should be noted that these concentrations can be changed by the user in accordance with the desired results.

In FIG. 7 and 8 show an embodiment of an external contact. A coating 60 is applied to the support 12 in FIG. 7. Similarly, a coating 61 is applied to the base of the railway sleepers 70. These coatings 60 and 61 are applied in order to protect the wooden structure before the pesticide introduced into the core can diffuse through the wood to reach the outer surface of the wooden object. The coating is capable of providing an immediate minimum effective level of pesticide. Depending on the application, this minimum effective level of pesticide can also be incorporated into an adjacent soil or structure. As in FIG. 7 and in FIG. 8 shows wood (support 11 or sleepers 70) in direct contact with surface soil 71.

In another embodiment (Fig. 9) of external contact, the protective outer layer of the pesticide can be applied using element 110 with reservoirs 120 for holding the device for controlled release 53. Element 110 has a ring configuration that partially covers the wooden object 130. Ring 110 as The applied coating can be applied to a wooden object in accordance with the preference of the user. Coating options and rings of the present invention are shown by way of example and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

A pesticide can penetrate a wooden object by several mechanisms. First, if a polar water-soluble pesticide is used and the wood contains enough moisture, the pesticide is carried out by the capillary action of the wood structure. Secondly, a pesticide having a vapor pressure of about 1 mmHg at 25 ° C, diffuses relatively quickly through the porous molecular wood structure through gas diffusion. Such pesticides diffuse from the center to the periphery of the telephone support for about 4-6 months. Pesticides having a vapor pressure equal to or less than 1 mmHg diffuse more slowly, and those that have a vapor pressure less than about 0.1 mmHg diffuse ineffectively through the wood.

As stated above, the device for controlled release can be located outside and / or inside in a number of positions relative to the wooden structure. When placed above the ground, the pesticide is carried out locally and longitudinally by molecular and gas diffusion and longitudinally by capillary action of the wood structure and moisture. When placed at or near ground level, a minimum effective level can also be maintained in the ground or on the surface surrounding the wooden structure.

Example 1

The following devices for controlled release are obtained and tested to determine their release rates (Table 1). Devices get as follows. All devices, with the exception of devices using urethane 8-113, are injection molded into a thin sheet with a thickness of about 3.2 mm. A device using urethane 8-113 is a jacket, a method commonly used for thermosetting polymers. All thermoplastic polymers are filled using a sufficient amount of carbon black as a carrier of pesticides. All thermoplastic polymers are mixed in formulations containing 10% pesticide, 3 and 7% carbon black to absorb liquid pesticide and 83-87% by weight of the polymer. In particular, devices made of thermoplastic polymers and deltamethrin and lambdacigalotrin contain 3% carbon black. Devices made from other pesticides and thermoplastic polymers contain 7% carbon black.

Devices made of urethane 8-113 (thermosetting polymer) are made from a polymer mixture containing by weight 6% urethane 8-113, 40% castor oil and 5% catalyst ΊΊΡΆ. The polymer mixture makes up 90% of the total mass of the device. The remaining 10% of the device is pesticide deltamethrin. No carbon black is used in this device.

The polymer-pesticide mixture is cast into a 3.2 mm thick sheet and heated at approximately 60 ° C for 40-60 minutes to cure. 25.4 x 25.4 mm squares are cut from thin sheets, which are obtained by injection molding or casting, and squares are tested to determine the release rates, as shown in the table. one.

Table 1

Release Rates for Pesticide-Polymer Compositions

Pesticide Polymer Rate of release, CH / cm ^2/24 hours Deltamethrin Urethane 8-113 25,2 Aromatic 80A 16.8 Pelletan 2102-80A 8.8 Pelletan 2102-55B 8.0 Ayrs Ρ8-49-100 7.2 Cypermethrin Polyurethane 3100 0.4 Polyurethane 2200 0.7 EVA 763 27.3 Polyethylene MA 778-000 4.6 Lambdacigalotrin Polyurethane 3100 0.7 Polyurethane 2200 2.0 EVA 763 20.6 Polyethylene MA 778-000 5.2 Teflutrin Polyurethane 3100 6.4 Polyurethane 2200 25.0 EVA 763 40,4 Polyethylene MA 778-000 27.0 Permethrin Polyurethane 3100 1.4 Polyurethane 2200 1.3 EVA 763 28.5 Polyethylene MA 778-000 4.0 Dichlorophen Polyethylene MA 778-000 6.2

Example 2

Get devices for controlled release in the form of sheets containing 10 wt.% Pesticide, 10 wt.% Binder carrier and 80 wt.% High density polyethylene (polyethylene MA 778-000).

Durability as a function of sheet thickness is shown in table. 2.

table 2

Release rate and durability as a function of sheet thickness and temperature

Pesticide Sheet thickness mm The release rate at 23 ° C, CH / cm ^2/24 hours Durability at 23 ° С, years Durability at 35 ° C, years Permethrin 1,5 1,5 8.6 3.2 3.0 17 6.5 6.0 35 thirteen Teflutrin 1,5 1.3 9.1 3,1 3.0 18.2 5.9 6.0 39 10,4 Diazinon 1,5 11.7 1,1 0.6 3.0 2,3 1.3 6.0 4.8 2.7 Biphenyl 1,5 3,5 2,5 2.1 3.0 5.1 4.4 6.0 11.2 9.1 Dichlorophen 1,5 6.2 1,6 1.4 3.0 3.3 3.0 6.0 6.8 6.4

The release rates are significantly reduced compared with the release rates given in table. 1 and 2, due to an additional layer, for example, metallized mylar (PET) or saran (a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride), which is introduced to prevent photodegradation.

Example 3

A device is made having an inner part surrounded or encapsulated by an outer part, having a total mass of about 100 g. The inner part contains 60 wt.% Of the pesticide and 40 wt.% Of a binder carrier. The outer part is high density polyethylene 3 mm thick. Release rates are shown in table. 3.

Table 3 Release rates for the two-part encapsulated structure

Pesticide The release rate at 23 ° C, μι cm ² 24 h Durability at 23 ° С, years Durability at 35 ° C, years Permethrin sixteen 68 38 Teflutrin 31 35 eighteen Diazinon 28 39 24 Biphenyl 35 31 23 Dichlorophen 24 56 28

Example 4

A tablet is obtained having a mass of about 100 g and a surface area of about 150 cm ² . The tablet contains as a polymer 70 wt.% High density polyethylene with 20 wt.% Pesticide and 10 wt.% A binder carrier. Release rates are shown in table. 4. From a comparison of the table. 4 from the table Figure 3 shows that the encapsulated two-piece design provides a longer life than a tablet.

Table 4

Tablet Release Rates

Pesticide Release rate at 23 ° C, μ ^ ² ^ h Durability at 23 ° С, years Durability at 35 ° C, years Permethrin 12 thirty 14 Teflutrin eleven 33 sixteen Diazinon 45 8.1 5.1 Biphenyl sixteen 22 eleven Dichlorophen eleven 33 sixteen

Example 5

An experiment is conducted to demonstrate the effect of a carrier binder on the release rate. The bioactive chemicals are teflutrin and lambdacigalotrin in an amount of 5 wt.%, The carrier binder is carbon black in quantities of 0 and 10 wt.% With the rest up to 100 wt.% High density polyethylene (MA 778-000). The release rates are determined 6 weeks after manufacture, where the samples are quickly wiped to remove surface accumulation of the released bioactive substance. The results are given in table. 5.

Table 5

Release rates for 0 wt.% And 10 wt.% Carbon black

Bioactive chemical Carbon black, wt.% Release rate, μ ^^^ h Teflutrin 0 3.13 Teflutrin 10 0.71 Lambdacigalotrin 0 1.78 10 0.81 twenty 0.61

Obviously, a wide range of changes and modifications can be made to the options described above. Therefore, the foregoing description should be regarded as illustrative and not restrictive, and it should be understood that this is the following claims, including all equivalents that are intended to define the present invention.

Claims (55)

1. Bound loose mixture containing (a) at least one bioactive chemical substance, bound by sorption to (b) a carrier binder. 2. The bound loose mixture according to claim 1, wherein the carrier binder is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, activated carbon, alumina, hydroxyapatite, silica-alumina, and combinations thereof. 3. The bound loose mixture according to claim 1, further comprising a prepolymer. 4. The bound loose mixture according to claim 3, in which the prepolymer is polyethylene. 5. The bonded bulk mixture according to claim 1, wherein the bioactive chemical is in liquid form during the formation of the bulk mixture. 6. Device for controlled release to contain, deter or destroy pests, containing the bound loose mixture according to claim 1, dispersed in a continuous polymer matrix. 7. The device for controlled release according to claim 6, in which the bioactive chemical substance contains a pesticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethruad, isofenfos, fenvalerate, water-soluble bioactive chemicals, teflutrin, permethrin, phenoxycarb, chlorpyrifos, lambdacigalotrin, resmetrin, delmetrin, delmetrin, delmetrin cypermethrin, cifenotrin, tsiflutrin and their combinations. 8. The device for controlled release according to claim 6, in which the bioactive chemical substance contains at least one fungicide. 9. The device for controlled release according to claim 8, in which the fungicide is selected from the group consisting of trichloronitromethane, a mixture of methyl isothiocyanate and 1,3 dichloropropane, sodium метил-methyldithiocarbomate, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,9-benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorophene, fenthydroxide, and combinations thereof. 10. The device for controlled release according to claim 6, in which the binder is carbon black. 11. The device for controlled release according to claim 6, in which the polymer polymer matrix is hydrophobic. 12. The device for controlled release according to claim 6, in which the polymer polymer matrix is selected from the group consisting of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, vinyl acetate, urethane, polyester, silicone, neoprene, isoprene and combinations thereof. 13. The device for controlled release according to item 12, in which the particles of the bound loose mixture are embedded in a polymer matrix. 14. The device for controlled release according to claim 11, in which the polymer matrix is in the form of a rod, tablet, tape or sheet. 15. The device for controlled release according to claim 6, in which the polymer matrix is in the form of a sheet. 16. The device for controlled release according to clause 15, which further comprises a second sheet for slowing down or preventing photodestruction of the bioactive chemical. 17. The device for controlled release according to clause 16, additionally containing a third sheet containing metallized Mylar (PET), saran (a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride), or a combination thereof. 18. The device for controlled release according to 17, in which the bioactive material contains at least one pesticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethruad, isofenfos, fenvalerate, water-soluble bioactive chemicals, teflutrin, permethrin, phenoxycarb, chlorpyrifos, lambdacigalotrin, resmetrin , deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cifenotrin, cyfluthrin, and combinations thereof. 19. The controlled release device of claim 17, wherein the bioactive chemical is lambdacigalotrin. 20. The device for controlled release according to claim 19, in which the polymer matrix contains low density polyethylene. 21. The controlled release device according to claim 6, in which the bioactive chemical substance contains at least one pesticide having a vapor pressure above about 0.1 mm Hg (13.33 Pa) at 25 ° C. 22. The device for controlled release according to claim 6, in which the polymer polymer matrix is in an amount of from about 50 to about 90 parts by weight of the matrix, and the bioactive chemical is released from the matrix at a rate of from about 0.4 to about 40 μg / cm ^2/24 hours. 23. The controlled release device of claim 14, wherein the polymer is in an amount of from about 50 to about 90 parts by weight of the matrix, the pesticide is in an amount of from about 5 to about 30 parts by weight of the matrix, and the carrier is in an amount of from about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of the matrix. 24. A method of obtaining a device for controlled release used to contain, deter or destroy pests, comprising the following stages: (a) the formation of a granular mixture containing a carrier binder and at least one bioactive chemical substance, so as to bind the bioactive chemical substance with the carrier; and (b) introducing bound carrier particles and a bioactive chemical into the polymer to form a polymer matrix containing bound particles. 25. The method according to paragraph 24, in which the introduction stage comprises the formation of a polymer melt and the bound particles of the granular mixture. 26. The method according A.25, in which the granular mixture comprises a carrier, a bioactive chemical substance and a prepolymer. 27. The method according to paragraph 24, in which the bioactive chemical is in liquid form. 28. The method according to item 27, in which the bioactive chemical is a pesticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethruad, isofenfos, fenvalerate, water-soluble bioactive chemicals, teflutrin, permethrin, phenoxycarb, chlorpyrifos, lambdacygalothrin, resmetrin, cytamethrin, cytamethrin, cytamethrin, cytamethrin, cytamethrin, deltamethrin, cytamethrin, cytamethrin, cytamene , cyfluthrin and their combinations. 29. The method according to paragraph 24, in which the bioactive chemical substance contains lambdacigalotrin. 30. The method according A.25, in which the bioactive chemical is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of trichloronitromethane, a mixture of methyl isothiocyanate and 1,3 dichloropropane, sodium метил-methyldithiocarbomatum, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,9- benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorophen, fenthydroxide, and combinations thereof. 31. The method according A.25, in which the bioactive chemical substance contains a fungicide selected from the group consisting of trichloronitromethane, a mixture of methyl isothiocyanate and 1,3 dichloropropane, sodium метил-methyldithiocarbomatum, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,9- benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorophene, fentinhydroxide and their combinations, and additionally contains an insecticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethruad, isofenfos, phenvalerate, water-soluble bioactive chemicals and their combinations. 32. The method according to p. 28, in which the pesticide is used in an amount of from about 5 to about 30 parts by weight of the polymer matrix, the polymer in an amount of from about 50 to about 90 parts by weight of the polymer matrix and a carrier binder in an amount of from about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of the polymer matrix. 33. The method according to item 27, in which the polymer is a hydrophobic polymer. 34. The method according to item 27, in which the polymer is selected from the group consisting of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, vinyl acetate, urethane, polyester, silicone, neoprene, isoprene and combinations thereof. 35. The method according to item 27, further comprising the stage of forming the matrix into a bar, tablet, tape or sheet. 36. The method of claim 27, wherein the bioactive chemical is a low vapor pressure pesticide, the low vapor pressure pesticide being combined with a high density prepolymer. 37. The method according to item 27, in which the prepolymer is selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene. 38. The method according to item 27, in which the bioactive chemical is a water-soluble fungicide. 39. The method according to p, in which the prepolymer is selected from the group consisting of urethane, polyester, low density polyethylene and combinations thereof. 40. The method according to p, in which the prepolymer is a low density polyethylene. 41. The method according to item 27, further comprising the step of drying a binder carrier before mixing with a bioactive chemical. 42. A method of preventing or retarding decay and destruction of the wooden object from wood damaging pests, comprising the steps of (a) receiving device for controlled release according to claim 24 with a release rate of at least about 0.4 g / cm ^2/24 hours; (b) creating a cavity in a wooden object; (c) introducing a device for controlled release into the cavity and sealing the cavity; and (b) evaporation of at least one bioactive chemical substance from the surface of the device for controlled release and diffusion into the molecular wood structure of the wooden object, resulting in a protective zone in the wooden object having a concentration of the bioactive chemical substance above the minimum effective concentration that prevents the settling of pests in protective zone. 43. A method for preventing rotting and destruction of wooden objects in contact with the soil caused by the settlement of pests, which includes the steps (a) of obtaining a device for controlled release according to paragraph 24; (b) placing a controlled release device near a wooden object, wherein the concentration of the bioactive chemical is sufficient to provide a predetermined release rate through the polymer and sufficient to provide a minimum effective level to prevent pest invasion for a given period of time. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the controlled release device releases the bioactive chemical at an initial high rate and then at a lower steady state rate. 45. The method according to item 43, in which the minimum effective level is supported throughout the wooden structure. 46. The method according to item 43, in which the minimum effective level is maintained in the area of the wooden structure. 47. The method according to item 43, in which the polymer is selected from the group consisting of thermosetting polymers, thermoplastic polymers 23, elastomeric polymers and their copolymers. 48. The method according to item 43, in which the device for controlled release is placed in a wooden object. 49. The method according to item 43, in which the device for controlled release is placed on the outer surface of the specified wooden object. 50. The method according to item 43, in which the device for controlled release is placed in physical contact with a wooden object. 51. The method according to item 43, in which the bioactive chemical substance contains a fungicide selected from the group consisting of trichloronitromethane, a mixture of methyl isothiocyanate and 1,3 dichloropropane, sodium Ν-methyldithiocarbomatum, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,9- benzoquinone, calcium cyanamide, biphenyl, copper naphthenate, dichlorophen, fenthydroxide, and combinations thereof. 52. The method of claim 51, further comprising an insecticide selected from the group consisting of pyrethruad, isofenfos, fenvalerate, water-soluble bioactive chemicals, teflutrin, permethrin, phenoxycarb, chlorpyrifos, lambdacigalotrin, resmetrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cytamethrin, cytamethrin, cytamethrin, tsifenotrin, tsifmentot combinations. 53. A multilayer device for controlled release to contain, deter, or destroy pests that approach or come into contact with a device containing a polymer sheet comprising (a) a pesticide; (b) a carrier, wherein the pesticide binds to the carrier to form a carrier-bound pesticide so as to modify the rate of release of the pesticide from the controlled release device; and (c) a thermoplastic hydrophobic polymer surrounding said carrier. 54. The multilayer device according to claim 53, wherein the pesticide is selected from the group consisting of pyrethruad, isofenfos, fenvalerate, water-soluble bioactive chemicals, teflutrin, permethrin, phenoxycarb, chlorpyrifos, lambdacigalotrin, resmetrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, tsifimertin, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsipimertrina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertina, tsifimertrina combinations; the carrier is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, activated carbon, alumina, hydroxyapatite, silica-alumina, and combinations thereof; and the thermoplastic hydrophobic polymer is selected from the group consisting of low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, vinyl acetate, urethane, polyester, silicone, neoprene, isoprene, and combinations thereof. 55. The multilayer device according to item 54, in which the device for controlled release includes at least one additional sheet to slow down or prevent photodestruction of the specified pesticide and at least one additional sheet containing metallized Mylar (PET), saran (vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer) ) or combinations thereof.