EA003798B1 - Earthquake detecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

An earthquake detecting device, comprising a housing, an impulse sensor with an inert mass, a power source, a tone signal block, sensibility adjustment screw, characterized in that the device further comprises a series-connected prime amplifier with a sensibility adjuster, analog-digital converter, a number of storeys regulator, a frequency filter with a vibration analyzer, a light signal block, a manual signalling breaker, a volume regulator in the tone signal block, the control inputs of which are connected via a common busbar to the power source, and the inert mass of the impulse sensor is made in the form of a cylinder axially-arranged inside a cylindrical spiral spring, the cylinder is rigidly fixed from the upper side to a vertical side of an elastic Gamma-shaped element, the horizontal part of which is rigidly connected to one end of the spiral spring, while the other end of which is rigidly connected to the housing via an another elastic element, the length of the vertical part of said elastic Gamma-shaped element exceeds the height of the inert mass cylinder by 3 to 5 times, and the length of its horizontal part exceeds by at least 2.5 times the radius of the inert mass cylinder, a permanent magnet is rigidly fixed on the cylinder bottom adapted to magnetic interaction with an induction coil core, which is rigidly connected strictly vertical to the housing, wherein central axes passing through the centers of the inert mass cylinder and the induction coil core coincide.

Description

The invention relates to the field of alarm, in particular to the alarm at the time preceding the main shock of the earthquake.

There are various inventions designed to determine earthquakes, where they mainly use various pendulum switches that fit in shells. When an external force acts on the pendulum, it contributes to the closure of the electrical contacts and the signal circuit is activated (1, 2).

A disadvantage of the known devices is that they use pivot points of a lever or a support, where the free movement of the pendulum weights is slowed down to a certain degree by means of friction.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a sensitive earthquake detector capable of detecting conditions such as tilt, vibration or acceleration (3).

The known detector consists of a housing, a pendulum, a means for hanging, a lower switch contact, a supporting means for the lower contact of the switch for fixing the lower contact of the switch to the inner lower end of the housing, a sensitivity adjustment screw, an electrical device, an electrolytic capacitor for maintaining the audio signal and a test button for mechanically tested audio signal. The test button is attached to the hanging means, whereby the movement of the test button will disturb the pendulum, with the result that the lower end of the pendulum will activate the lower contact of the switch. The principle of operation of the known detector is as follows: during the passage of a seismic wave, the pendulum switch deviates from the resting state and touches the pendulum extension of the lower contact of the switch, while the pendulum is attached to the body that is installed strictly in the vertical position. The touch of the pendulum to the contact includes an audible warning device that produces a sharp sound, which can be distinguished from other surrounding sounds. After passing through the seismic wave, the detector assumes its original position - opening the bottom contact, thereby turning off the signaling device that produces sound.

The disadvantages of the famous earthquake detector are the following:

1. The earthquake detector requires a strictly vertical position, since in case of minor deviations, the circuit of the inert mass and the alarm are activated;

2. The alarm is turned on only at the time of the passage of the wave, and then the shutdown occurs, with a short period of time the alarm can be imperceptible to a person, both at night and in the presence of external noise;

3. There is no regulator of seismic wave intensity during an earthquake;

4. There is no possibility of adjusting the sound volume of the signal.

5. There is no indicator light.

6. There is no system that takes into account the floor of the building in which the detector is used.

The objective of the invention is to increase the sensitivity of the earthquake detector to longitudinal waves, the accuracy of tuning to the force of the earthquake, as well as improving the effectiveness of the alarm.

The problem is solved by the fact that the inventive earthquake detector, which includes a housing, an inert mass oscillation sensor, a power source, a tone unit, a sensitivity adjustment screw, additionally contains a preamplifier connected in series with a sensitivity regulator, an analog-to-digital converter, a number of floors, a frequency filter with vibration analyzer, light signal unit, manual alarm interrupter, volume control in tone unit, control The inlets of which are connected via a common bus with a power source, and the inert mass is made in the form of a cylinder along the entire height of a helical spring coaxially located inside the upper side in the center of an elastic H-shaped element rigidly fixed to a vertically spaced part, the horizontal part of which is rigidly connected to one end of the coil spring, the second end of which, through the other elastic element, is rigidly fixed to the body, while the length of the vertical part of the elastic L-shaped element is 3 to 5 times; exceeds the height of the cylinder of inert mass, and the length of its horizontal part is not less than 2.5 times the radius of the cylinder of inert mass, on the bottom side of which a permanent magnet is fixed with the possibility of magnetic interaction with the core of the induction coil fixed to the body in a strictly vertical position , with the central axis passing through the centers of the cylinder of inertial mass and the core of the induction coil coincide with each other.

As is known, with earthquakes to the surface of the earth, less destructive longitudinal waves come 5–15 s earlier than destructive transverse ones.

Therefore, an earthquake detector with an increased sensitivity to longitudinal waves was created, the essence of which is that increasing the sensitivity of an earthquake detector to longitudinal waves, tuning accuracy for an earthquake force, and improving the signaling efficiency are achieved by performing an inert mass of an oscillation sensor in the form of a cylinder throughout height coaxially located inside the coil spring, the upper end of which is rigidly fixed to the vertically located side of the L-shaped element, the other end of the helicoidal spring through another elastic member is rigidly fixed to the housing of the detector, wherein the bottom of the cylinder is rigidly mounted magnet, with magnetic interaction with the induction coil core fixedly attached to the housing of the detector, which allows the magnet to have many degrees of freedom. At the same time, tuning accuracy is achieved by installing a pre-amplifier with a sensitivity regulator and a number of floors regulator, an analog-to-digital converter, and an increase in signaling efficiency is achieved by using a seismic vibration frequency filter and using a manual alarm cut-off. And along with the sound signal during an earthquake, the light alarm is also activated.

Thus, the proposed earthquake detector makes it possible to more effectively register longitudinal waves emitted by an earthquake source and approaching the earth's surface by ~ 15 s before the destructive shear wave.

This is quite enough to take a safe place in the room. The detector at night, in case of danger, will wake up and increase the chance of salvation.

Thus, unlike the prototype, the proposed earthquake detector allows you to set its sensitivity in accordance with the strength of an earthquake to a specific point on a 12-point scale;

in addition, the detector has a system that takes into account the floor of the room where the detector is located;

the detector allows you to adjust the volume of the alarm;

the detector has not only sound, but also light signaling, which allows deaf people and people with poor hearing to use it;

the detector can work not only in the vertical, but also in any other position;

the detector gives an alarm not only at the time of the seismic wave, but also after its passage, the alarm is turned off by pressing a special button;

The detector's recording system is designed in such a way that it is more sensitive to longitudinal waves than to transverse seismic waves. Figure 1 (Fig. 1) shows the functional diagram of the device.

The proposed sensitive earthquake detector includes a housing 1 (in Fig. 1, the housing is shown conventionally with a dashed line) and an oscillation sensor 2 connected in series, a preamplifier 3 connected to a sensitivity regulator 4, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 5, a number of floors regulation 6, frequency filter 7, alarm activation unit 8 with alarm reset 9, tone signal unit 10 with alarm volume control 11, light signal unit 12, power supply 13 and, finally, power switch 14.

The oscillation sensor, shown in Fig. 2 (Fig. 2), in turn, contains an inert mass in the form of a cylinder 15, a helical spring 16 connected from above by a L-shaped elastic element 17, a second elastic element, which are fixed on the housing 1, fixing the coil spring to the detector body 18, the permanent magnet 19, the core of the induction coil 20, the induction coil 21, mounting the induction coil to the body of the detector 22, the terminals of the induction coil 23 (connection to the amplifier 3 in Fig. 2 is not shown).

The proposed detector works as follows:

The system is activated by the power switch 12, which comes from the power source 13. When shaken, the induction vibration sensor 2 generates an electrical signal that goes to the preamplifier through the sensitivity control 4. Next, the signal goes to the ADC 5, the response threshold of which is regulated by the number of floors control 6. Signal the output of the ADC is fed to the input of the frequency filter 7, if the signal exceeds a certain threshold value, the alarm activation block turns on the light pulses block 12 and the tone block Nogo signal 10, the volume level is regulated volume control system 11. The standby mode is transferred by pressing the reset button 9.

In the sensor oscillations 2 when a longitudinal wave emanates from the earthquake source, the inert mass, made in the form of a cylinder 15, begins to oscillate, setting in motion a permanent magnet 19 vibrating relative to the core 20 of the induction coil 21 fixedly fixed to the body of the detector 1 by mounting 22 in a strictly upright position.

If the longitudinal wave approaches the earth’s surface not in a strictly vertical direction, but at a certain angle, then the inertial mass with a magnet oscillates as in a vertical position, which is ensured by the elasticity of the helical spring 16 fixed fixed to the housing of the detector 1 using an elastic element 18 , and in a horizontal position, which is provided by the G-shaped elastic element 17, rigidly connected to the upper end of the coil spring 16. In this case, an alternating current induced to the terminals is induced in the induction coil 21 23. The induction current from the terminals 23 is fed to the preamplifier 3.

Claims (1)

An earthquake detector comprising a housing, an inertial vibration sensor, a power source, a tone block, a sensitivity adjustment screw, characterized in that the detector further comprises a preamplifier with a sensitivity regulator, an analog-to-digital converter, a floor regulator, a frequency filter, connected in series with an oscillation analyzer, a light signal block, a manual signal chopper, a volume control in the tone block, whose control inputs are connected through a common bus to a power source, and the inertial mass of the vibration sensor is made in the form of a cylinder along the entire height coaxially located FIG. 1 inside a coil spring from the upper side in the center of an elastic L-shaped element rigidly fixed to the vertically positioned side, a horizontally located part of which is rigidly connected to one end of the coil spring, the second end of which is rigidly fixed to the housing through the other elastic element, the length of the vertical part of an elastic L-shaped element is 3 to 5 times greater than the height of the inertial cylinder, and the length of its horizontal part is at least 2.5 times the radius of the inertial cylinder, at the bottom Rhone which is rigidly mounted a permanent magnet, with magnetic interaction with the core of the induction coil is fixedly attached to the body in the upright position, the central axis of the cylinder passing through the centers of the inertial mass and the core of the induction coil coincide with each other.