EA002568B1 - In-line sub-surface seeding, fertilizing and watering device - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A sub-surface seeding, fertilizing and watering device comprising: an opening blade, said opening blade having first and second sides extending between a leading edge and an aft edge, said first and second sides generally symmetrical to each other on either side of a first plane, said first plane generally bisecting said opening blade, said leading edge and said aft edge lying generally in said first plane, said opening blade mountable to a material feeder so as to be generally vertically disposed when mounted thereon for partial submerging into soil to a first submerged depth during forward translation advancing said leading edge through the soil, said opening blade having an upper surface and a lower surface extending between upper and lower edges respectively of said first and second sides, first and second wings mounted to said first and second sides respectively in generally oppositely disposed relation so as to be cantilevered outwardly therefrom, said first and second wings extending between first and second forward wing edges and first and second aft-opening wing apertures in said first and second wings respectively, said first and second wings mounted to said first and second sides at, respectively, first and second distances from said lower surface measured generally parallel to said first plane, said opening blade having therethrough, and generally lying in said first plane, first and second conduits, said first and second conduits extending from, and cooperating with, at uppermost ends thereof, first and second infeed ports in said upper surface, said first and second conduits cooperating with, at lowermost ends thereof, first and second wing ducts extending aft through said first and second wings respectively between said lowermost ends of said first and second conduits and said first and second aft-opening wing apertures, said first and second conduits and corresponding said first and second wing ducts thereby in material flow communication between said first and second infeed ports and corresponding said first and second aft opening wing apertures for seed, fertilizer or fluid flow, as fed from said material feeder, therethrough during said forward translation, wherein said first and second distances are less than said first submerged depth so that aid first and second wings are submerged in the soil during said forward translation. 2. The device of claim 1 wherein said opening blade further comprises a third conduit extending in material flow communication between a third infeed port in said upper surface and an aft opening blade aperture in a rearward position on said opening blade in proximity to said aft edge for seed, fertilizer or fluid flow, as fed from said material feeder, therethrough during said forward translation. 3. The device of claim 2 wherein said aft-opening blade aperture is centrally disposed relative to said first plane so as to lie generally symmetrically across said first plane. 4. The device of claim 3 wherein said aft-opening blade aperture intersects said lower surface. 5. The device of claim 4 wherein said aft-opening blade aperture is formed at the intersection of said lower surface and said aft edge. 6. The device of claim 5 wherein said aft-opening blade aperture lies in a second plane at generally 30 degree inclined relative to a third plane generally containing said lower surface, wherein said third plane is generally orthogonal to said first plane. 7. The device of claim 2 wherein said first, second and third conduits are generally parallel and raked aft of corresponding said first, second and third infeed ports. 8. The device of claim 7 wherein said first, second and third conduits are raked aft at an angle of approximately 55 degree relative to a fourth plane generally containing said upper surface. 9. The device of claim 7 wherein at least said first and second conduits are formed by mating of corresponding opposed facing channels in oppositely mounted side panels, oppositely mounted in said first and second sides. 10. The device of claim 9 wherein said third conduit is generally parallel and adjacent said aft edge. 11. The device of claim 1 wherein said leading edge is concavely curved and forms a pointed toe at an intersection of said leading edge and said lower surface. 12. The device of claim 11 wherein said pointed toe is made of hardened material relative to the hardness of material forming the balance of said opening blade. 13. The device of claim 11 wherein said opening blade has a longitudinal length dimension and a height dimension, said longitudinal length dimension perpendicular to said height dimension and both lying in said first plane, and wherein said opening blade has a lateral width dimension perpendicular to said first plane, said longitudinal length dimension extending between said leading and aft edges, said height dimension extending between said upper and lower surfaces, and said lateral width dimension extending between said first and second sides, wherein said length dimension is much greater than said width dimension, and wherein said height dimension is greater than said submerged depth, and wherein said first and second wings are wedge-shaped and said forward wing edges are vertices of said wedge-shaped wings. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein said first and second sides have upper portions generally located between said first and second wings and said upper surface, and lower portions generally located between said first and second wings and said lower surface, and wherein said lower portions collectively form a waisted shape so that a forward width dimension of a forward flared portion of said opening blade and an aft width dimension of an aft flared portion of said opening blade, said forward and aft width dimensions extending between said lower portions of said first and second sides, are greater than an intermediate width dimension of a waisted portion longitudinally extending contiguously between said forward and aft flared portions. 15. The device of claim 1 wherein said first and second wings are wedge-shaped and said forward wing edges are vertices of said wedge-shaped wings, wherein said first and second sides have upper portions generally located between said first and second wings and said upper surface, and lower portions generally located between said first and second wings and said lower surface, and wherein said lower portions collectively form a waisted shape so that a forward width dimension of a forward flared portion of said opening blade and an aft width dimension of an aft flared portion of said opening blade, said forward and aft width dimensions extending between said lower portions of said first and second sides, are greater than an intermediate width dimension of a waisted portion longitudinally extending contiguously between said forward and aft flared portions. 16. The device of claim 14 OR 15 wherein said first wing is set back a first longitudinal distance from said leading edge and said second wing is set back a second longitudinal distance from said leading edge, and wherein said first longitudinal distance is greater than said second longitudinal distance, said first wing mounted to said first side at a first longitudinal location generally corresponding to said aft flared portion and said second wing mounted to said second side at a second longitudinal location generally corresponding to said waisted portion. 17. The device of claim 14 or 15 wherein an upper wing surface on said first and second wings extends aft over corresponding said first and second aft-opening wing apertures on aft cantilevered upper wing members. 18. The device of claim 17 wherein a lower wing surface on said first and second wings forms a first wedge angle of approximately 5 degree with said upper wing surface. 19. The device of claim 18 wherein laterally outer-most wing surfaces extend between said upper and lower wing surfaces on said first and second wings, and wherein said outer most wing surfaces intersect corresponding said first and second sides at corresponding said first and second forward wing edges. 20. The device of claim 19 wherein said outer-most wing surfaces form a second wedge angle of approximately 5 degree with said first and second sides respectively. 21. The device of claim 17 wherein said first and second wings are inclined downwardly so that a pair of corresponding planes bisecting a wedge angle between upper and lower wing surfaces on each of said first and second wings, said pair of corresponding planes containing corresponding said forward wing edges, are inclined forwardly and downwardly at approximately 5 degree relative to a generally horizontal plane containing said lower surface.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of subsurface working bodies of sowing and tillage machines that are able to partially dig into the soil, for example, on a farm field, in order to move at a certain depth for feeding seeds, fertilizers or water into the soil.

State of the art

The invention relates to tillage systems that have replaced arable plows and similar implements. It is known that the use of plows or other devices, for example, containing arable disks for plowing the soil or forming furrows with soil circulation, have the disadvantage that the moisture stored in the soil becomes unavailable for evaporation unnecessarily. In the past, it was necessary to open the soil in order to sow in the subsurface layer, as well as its fertilizer and watering. Regardless of whether this was carried out using technology or manually, the disadvantage of machines and manual systems known from the prior art was also that fertilizer was usually delivered close to the sown seeds, which in some cases caused chemical burns to the seeds.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to create a working body of the opener type device for subsoil sowing, fertilizing and watering. This working body (opener) must be partially buried in the soil for movement in it. At the same time, the coulter minimally destroys the soil without plowing it and is adapted to supply seeds, fertilizer or water with it individually and together with an optimally selected distance offset, as will be described later.

In accordance with the invention, the solution to this problem is achieved by creating a device for subsoil sowing, fertilizing and watering, containing a coulter having first and second sides between the leading edge and the trailing edge. Optimally, the first and second sides are substantially symmetrical to each other on either side of the first plane, which divides the opener into two equal parts, said leading edge and trailing edge essentially lying in the first plane.

The coulter has an upper surface and a lower surface that extend respectively between the upper and lower edges of said first and second sides. The first and second wings are respectively attached to said first and second lateral sides with orientations essentially in opposite directions so as to cantilevered from them to the outside. The first and second wings extend between the first and second leading edges of the wings and the first and second back openings respectively in these first and second wings. The first and second wings are mounted on the first and second lateral sides at respectively the first and second distances from the lower surface, measured essentially parallel to the first plane.

The coulter is equipped with first and second channels passing through it and essentially lying in the first plane, the first and second channels communicating at their upper ends with the first and second receiving windows in the upper surface. The first and second channels communicate with their lower ends with the first and second wing passages, which extend back through the first and second wings respectively between the lower ends of the first and second channels and the first and second rear openings of the wings. Thus, the first and second channels and the corresponding first and second aisles of the wings establish a message for the flow of material between the first and second receiving windows and the corresponding first and second back openings of the wings to pass the flow of seeds, fertilizer or liquid supplied from the material supply device, while moving the coulter forward.

The coulter is designed to be mounted on the material supply device so that, when mounted on it, it occupies an essentially vertical position for partial penetration into the soil to the first depth of penetration while moving forward with the forward movement of the leading edge through the soil. The first and second distances are less than the first depth of penetration, so that the first and second wings are buried in the soil as the coulter moves forward.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the coulter further comprises a third channel, passing with the establishment of a message for the flow of material between the third receiving window in the upper surface and the rear opener of the coulter located at the rear of the coulter near the trailing edge, for passing the flow of seeds, fertilizer or liquid supplied from the material feed device. In an optimal embodiment, the rear opener of the opener is centrally located relative to the first plane so that it lies substantially symmetrically to the first plane and can be positioned so as to intersect the bottom surface. Thus, the rear opener of the opener is made at the intersection of the lower surface and the trailing edge. The rear opener of the opener can lie in a second plane, inclined at an angle of about 30 ° relative to the third plane, which essentially contains a lower surface, with the third plane essentially perpendicular to the first plane.

Optimally, the first, second, and third channels are substantially parallel and extend backward at an angle of about 55 ° with respect to the fourth plane substantially containing the upper surface of the opener if the upper surface is flat and substantially horizontal surface, although this is optional.

In one exemplary embodiment, which is not limiting, at least the first and second channels are formed by complementary combining the respective oncoming channels (gutters) in installed opposite side panels that are installed opposite to each other in the first and second side sides or are embedded in them .

According to a further feature of the invention, the third channel extends substantially parallel to said trailing edge near it, and the leading edge is concave curved and forms a pointed toe at the intersection of the leading edge and the lower surface. Optionally, the pointed toe can be made of a material having increased hardness compared to the hardness of the material forming the remaining parts of the coulter.

According to a further feature of the invention, the coulter is characterized by a longitudinal dimension and a height dimension defined in said first plane, perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension. The coulter is also characterized by a transverse dimension perpendicular to the indicated first plane.

A longitudinal dimension is defined between said leading and trailing edges, a height dimension is defined between said upper and lower surfaces, and said lateral dimension is defined between said first and second side sides.

According to the invention, the longitudinal dimension is much greater than the specified transverse dimension, as will be described later. The height dimension in one embodiment is greater than the depth of penetration, so that the coulter is maintained at a level above the soil and partially buried into it as it moves forward, although this is not a limiting feature. In other words, an implementation example is possible in which the coulter is mounted on a support that is itself partially buried in the soil.

Further, in an optimal embodiment, the first and second wings are made wedge-shaped, and the front edges of the wedges form the tops of the wedge-shaped wings.

The sides of the coulter can be considered as having upper and lower parts located respectively above and below the wings. Thus, the first and second sides contain upper parts located essentially between the first and second wings and the upper surface of the opener, and lower parts located essentially between the first and second wings and the lower surface of the opener. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the lower parts together form a configuration with a narrower belt. As a result, the front dimension across the width of the front widened part of the opener and the rear dimension across the width of the rear expanded part of the opener, which extend between the lower parts of the first and second sides, are larger than the intermediate dimension across the width of the belt-forming portion that extends longitudinally with the mating between the front and back widened parts.

The first wing can be defined as offset back from the specified leading edge by a first longitudinal distance, and the specified second wing is shifted back from the specified leading edge by a second longitudinal distance. Moreover, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, the first longitudinal distance may be greater than the second longitudinal distance. Accordingly, the first wing is mounted on the first side with the location in the first longitudinal position essentially corresponding to the rear expanded part of the opener, and the second wing can be installed on the second side with the location in the second longitudinal position, essentially corresponding to the part of the opener belt.

According to the wing structure of the present invention, the upper surface of the wing on the first and second wings extends backward over the respective first and second backwardly openings of the wings on the upper wing elements projecting cantilever backward. The lower wing surface on the first and second wings can form a first wedge angle of about 5 ° with the upper surface of the wing. Further, the outer side surfaces of the wings extend between the upper and lower surfaces of the wings. Optimally, the outer side surfaces of the wings intersect the respective first and second sides at the respective first and second leading edges of the wings. In addition, the outer side surfaces of the wings can form a second wedge angle of approximately 5 ° with the first and second side sides, respectively. In an optimal embodiment, the first and second wings themselves can also be inclined downward so that the two corresponding planes, dividing in half the wedge angle between the upper and lower surfaces of the wings on the first and second wings, contain leading edges of the wings and are inclined forward and downward under an angle of about 5 ° with respect to the substantially horizontal plane containing the lower surface. Moreover, for a given relative location, it is assumed that the lower surface is essentially flat and horizontal. This is not a necessary and limiting condition, although in the preferred embodiment described below, the bottom surface is shown just like that.

List of drawings

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention and embodiments will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 shows an exploded perspective view of a device for ordinary subsoil sowing, fertilizing and watering in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the device along line 2-2 of FIG. one;

FIG. 3 shows the device of FIG. 1 in a side view to the left;

FIG. 4 shows the device of FIG. 1 in a perspective view from below;

FIG. 5 shows the device of FIG. 1 in the rear view;

FIG. 6 depicts the device in the same form as in FIG. 5 when passing the opener in the soil;

FIG. 7 depicts the same rear view of FIG.

6, while the device according to the invention is not conventionally shown to illustrate exemplary soil mechanics during the initial stage of seed placement and fertilizer;

FIG. 8 is the same view as in FIG.

7, but after a certain period of time, illustrating the sedimentation of the soil and the lateral displacement of seeds after the initial stage.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

As shown in FIG. 1, in one of the preferred embodiments, the device for ordinary subsoil sowing, fertilizing and irrigation in accordance with the invention is made in the form of a coulter 10. The coulter 10 has a windowed top block 12, rigidly mounted on top of a substantially flat rack 14. Column 14 comprises a frame 16 that extends down substantially vertically from the upper mounting block 12 provided with receiving windows. The base 18 forms part of the lower end of the frame 16.

As can also be seen in FIG. 2-5, the block 12 and the rack 14, including the frame 16 and the base 18, have an elongated shape in a vertical plane with a longitudinal axis A of symmetry. With the exception of the wings 20 and 22, which will be described in detail below, the outer surface of the frame 16 smoothly repeats in its horizontal sections the contour of the lower surface 24 of the base, which has a narrower middle belt or toboggan shape (Fig. 4). In one embodiment, the side access panels 26, 28, which are adjacent to the side walls of the frame 16, are symmetrical in shape with respect to the plane of symmetry of the frame 16.

The upper block 12 has a receiving window 30, 32 and 34, made in its upper surface. The receiving windows pass down through the block 12 and communicate with the corresponding channels 36, 38 and 40, which pass down through the frame 16, essentially parallel, at a given distance from each other. Channel 40 also passes down through the base 18.

In one preferred embodiment, which is not limiting, the channels 36, 38 can be formed by aligning and tightly joining the protrusions 42 and 44 on the inner sides of the side access panels 26, 28 when these panels are mounted on the sides of the frame 16 and close the cavity 46 in the frame 16. The lateral access panels 26, 28 can be mounted on the frame 16 using shelves that enter the slots 50 in the lower surface defining the cavity 46 in the frame 16 (Fig. 1). So, the panel 26 is equipped with a shelf 48, and the panel 28 with a shelf 52 for entering into the slots 50 and entering the base 18. The upper ends of the panels 26, 28 can be fixed using detachable fastening means, for example, in the form of a pair of bolts with nuts 56 s countersunk heads.

When the side access panels 26 and 28 are mounted on the frame 16 with alignment of the protrusions 42 and 44 and the formation of channels 36 and 38, these channels 36 and 38 form two grooves that connect the receiving windows 30 and 32 in the mounting block 12 with the corresponding lower outlet windows 58 and 60. The lower outlet windows 58 and 60 are laterally oriented in opposite directions and extend into the respective inner passages 62 and 64 formed in the respective wings 20 and 22 (FIGS. 1 and 5). The inner passages 62 and 64 have backwardly facing outlets located under the wings 20, 22, as will be described later.

To the front of the base 18, a paw 66 is rigidly attached using bolts or other means, which can be made of a different, harder material than the mounting block 12, the frame 16 and the base 18. The paw 66 forms a forward protruding toe or inlet cone 68, facing forward in the direction of advancement of the opener during operation of the device. Preferably, the block 12, the frame 16 and the base 18 can be made of isothermal ductile steel (PS), and the foot can be made of a chromium alloy. The side access panels 26, 28 and the wings 20, 22 can also be made of PS.

The channel 40 is formed inside the frame 16 and extends along the trailing edge of the frame and the base 18, forming a continuous, substantially rectilinear channel between the window 34 and the rear opening 70. Optionally, the rear cut of the lower surface 24 of the base is slanted upward so that the plane of the opening 70 was located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the channel 40. Further, in the optimal embodiment, the channels 36, 38 and 40 are essentially parallel to each other and pass from the windows 30, 32 and 34 down and back.

Each of the wings 20, 22 is made in the form of a truncated wedge, or, in other words, in the form of an irregular pyramid, with the top of the wedge or pyramid facing forward in the direction B, and the wedges themselves expand back to form internal passages 62, 64 of the corresponding shape, open back through the base of the wedges. In one preferred embodiment, the acute angles α and β at the apex of the wedges forming wings 20 and 22 are approximately 5 ° (FIGS. 3 and 4). For a more precise definition of the shape in a preferred embodiment, the upper surfaces 20a and 22a, the side surfaces 20b and 22b and the lower surfaces 20c and 22c of the wings 20 and 22 are made flat (Fig. 5). The upper surfaces 20a and 22a are slightly inclined forward relative to the plane of the lower surface 24 of the base, preferably by an angle of about 5 °. The upper surfaces 20a and 22a extend backward and overlap the rear openings of the passages 62 and 64 laterally outward. The rear openings of the internal passages 62 and 64 are optimally formed by shortening the longitudinal length of the side walls 20b and 22b and skewing the rear edges of the lower surfaces 20c and 22c with so that they smoothly pass back from the trailing edges of the side walls to merge with the base 18 (Fig. 3 and 5).

In a preferred embodiment, the base 18 has a smooth narrowing or narrow belt in its middle part (Fig. 4). A wider front platform with a transverse dimension of 72 is formed in its front part between the curved side walls. Next, it smoothly passes into a narrow middle belt with a transverse size of 74, and then slightly widens back to the rear transverse size 76. In a preferred embodiment, the narrow base belt 18 in the longitudinal direction of axis A approximately corresponds to the position of the front ends of the wings 20 and 22.

In operation, the coulter 10 extends in the soil 78 in direction B, as shown in FIG. 6. The coulter 10 is forced to stretch forward and set so as to hold the wings 20 and 22 at a shallow depth below the surface of the soil 78. With this advancement, the soil is cut from point 68 along the leading edge of the base 18 of the coulter 10, which causes a slight rise and separation of the soil 78 in opposite directions C. As the coulter 10 moves through the soil, the material fed into the receiving windows 30, 32 and 34 flows by gravity through the corresponding channels 36, 38 and 40. The material coming through the channel 40 exits through the hole 7 0 at the lowest level of the narrow furrow 80 formed in the soil 78 as the coulter 10 passes. As shown in FIG. 7, when the wings 20, 22 pass in the soil 78, shelves 82 and overhanging ledges 84 are formed, formed by the displacement of the soil by the wings.

The forward movement of the coulter 10 through the soil draws material, such as fertilizer 86, from the hole 70, and also pulls material such as seeds 88 from the passages 62, 64 as the seeds are fed from channels 36, 38, respectively, through the outlet windows 58 and 60 .

It has been found that the passage of the wings 20 and 22 and the passage of the base 18 having the shape described above causes the soil 78 to circulate behind the wings 20 and 22 in the направлении direction like a fluid. As indicated above, FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary cross-section of the soil immediately behind the coulter 10 as it passes through the soil. Soil behaving like a fluid settles from above in the direction of the collapse of ledges 84, while the soil under the shelves 82 circulates in the opposite direction Ό. As established by the applicant, this circulation biases the seeds 88 transversely along the shelves 82 to their outer edges, which contributes to a favorable increase in the distance between the seeds on both sides of the furrow 80. Thus, the seeds are removed from the fertilizer 86, both laterally and vertically, as shown in FIG. 8. This spatial diversity prevents the burning of seeds with fertilizer.

Of course, the order of supply and the type of materials supplied to the windows 30, 32 and 34 may be different, as is clear to a person skilled in this field. So, for example, it is possible to feed seeds through windows 30 and 32 and water through window 34. It is also clear to a person skilled in the art that windows 30, 32 and 34 must be connected via pipelines to the respective bunkers or tanks.

In a preferred embodiment, which is not limiting, some planes help determine the relative relative position of the elements of the device. Firstly, the strut 14 is cut into two equal parts by the first plane, which was mentioned above as the plane of symmetry of the frame 16. In this plane lies the cut line 2-2 in FIG. 1. A sectional view of FIG. 2 is a sectional view along this first plane. The second plane E (Fig. 2) is the plane in which the edge of the hole 70 at the lower end of the channel 40 lies. The third plane E is the plane of the bottom surface 24 of the base. The fourth plane C is the plane of the upper surface of the mounting block 12. Finally, the plane H cutting the wings into equal parts (Fig. 3) is a plane that bisects the angle β of the wing 20; the corresponding plane parallel to it bisects the angle β of the wing 22.

For a person skilled in the art it is clear that during the implementation of the invention, various changes and modifications are possible without going beyond the scope of protection that is defined in the claims.

Claims (21)

1. A device for subsoil sowing, fertilizing and watering, containing a coulter, between the leading edge and the trailing edge of which is on both sides of the first plane that cuts the specified coulter into two equal parts, the first and second sides are symmetrically to each other, and these the leading edge and the trailing edge essentially lie in the first plane, and said opener is adapted to be mounted on the material supply device so that, when mounted on this device, it occupies essentially a vert The ideal position for partial penetration into the soil to the first depth of penetration while advancing with the translational movement of the leading edge through the soil, wherein the opener has an upper surface and a lower surface located respectively between the upper and lower edges of the first and second lateral sides, the first and the second wings, respectively attached to said first and second lateral sides and essentially opposite to each other, cantileverly protruding outward from the lateral sides, while said first and second wings are respectively located between the first and second leading edges of the wings and the first and second back openings in these first and second wings, said first and second wings being mounted on said first and second sides at first and second distances from said the lower surface, measured essentially parallel to the specified first plane, while the specified opener is equipped with first and second channels passing through it, essentially, in the specified the first plane and communicating with their upper ends with the first and second receiving windows in the indicated upper surface, and their lower ends with the first and second passages in the wings, which pass back through the first and second wings, respectively, between the indicated lower ends of the specified first and second channels and the specified the first and second back openings of the wings so that the first and second channels and the corresponding first and second passages in the wings establish a message for the flow of material between the specified the first and second receiving windows and the corresponding first and second openings of the wings for the passage of the flow of seeds, fertilizer or liquid supplied from the specified material supply device during said forward movement, said first and second distances being less than said first depth of penetration, so that said first and second wings are buried in the soil during said forward movement. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the opener additionally contains a third channel that provides a message for the flow of material between the third receiving window in the specified upper surface and the rear opener of the opener located behind the specified opener near the specified trailing edge, for passage the flow of seeds, fertilizer or liquid supplied from the specified material supply device during said forward advancement. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the said open back opener of the opener is located essentially symmetrically to the specified first plane. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the specified open back opener opener crosses the specified lower surface. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the said open back opener of the opener is made at the intersection of the specified lower surface and the specified trailing edge. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that said rear opener of the opener lies in a second plane, inclined at an angle of about 30 ° relative to the third plane, which essentially contains the specified lower surface, while the specified third plane, essentially perpendicular to the indicated first plane. 7. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that said first, second and third channels are substantially mutually parallel and are inclined backward from the respective said first, second and third receiving windows. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that said first, second and third channels are substantially parallel and extend obliquely at an angle of about 55 ° relative to the fourth plane essentially containing said upper surface. 9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that at least said first and second channels are formed by complementary combining the respective oncoming gutters in opposite side panels mounted opposite each other in said first and second side sides. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that said third channel extends substantially parallel to said trailing edge and adjoins it. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said leading edge is concave and forms a pointed toe at the intersection of said leading edge and said lower surface. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the pointed toe is made of a material having increased hardness compared to the material forming the remaining parts of the specified opener. 13. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the opener is characterized by a longitudinal dimension and a height dimension perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension defined in the first plane, as well as a transverse dimension perpendicular to the first plane, wherein the longitudinal dimension is determined between the specified leading and trailing edges, the height dimension is determined between the indicated upper and lower surfaces, and the specified transverse dimension is determined between the specified first and second sides, m, the longitudinal dimension is much greater than the indicated transverse dimension, and the height is greater than the indicated depth of penetration, while the indicated first and second wings are wedge-shaped, and the front edges of the wedges form the tops of these wedge-shaped wings. 14. The device according to item 13, wherein said first and second sides have upper parts located essentially between said first and second wings and said upper surface, and lower parts located essentially between said first and the second wings and the indicated lower surface, while these lower parts together form a configuration having a narrowing, so that the transverse dimension of the front widened part and the transverse size of the rear widened part of the specified opener, measured waiting for the lower parts of the indicated first and second lateral sides, exceed the intermediate size of the narrowed part, which occupies an intermediate position between the front and rear extended parts and smoothly mates with them. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said first and second wings are made in the form of wedges, and said front edges of the wings form the tops of said wings, said first and second sides having upper parts located essentially between said the first and second wings and the indicated upper surface, and lower parts located essentially between the specified first and second wings and the specified lower surface, while these lower parts together form a configuration having so that the transverse dimension of the front expanded part and the transverse size of the rear expanded part of the opener, measured between the lower parts of the first and second sides, exceed the intermediate size of the tapered part, which occupies an intermediate position between the front and rear expanded parts and smoothly mates with them . 16. The device according to 14 or 15, characterized in that the first wing is offset back from the specified leading edge by a first longitudinal distance, and the second wing is shifted back from the specified leading edge by a second longitudinal distance, wherein said first longitudinal distance is greater than the specified second longitudinal distances, wherein said first wing is mounted on a first side with a location in a first longitudinal position substantially corresponding to said rear expanded portion, and said second wing is mounted on the second side with the location in the second longitudinal position essentially corresponding to the specified narrowed part. 17. The device according to p. 14 or 15, characterized in that the upper surface of the wing on the first and second wings extends back over the corresponding first and second open backward openings of the wings on the upper wings projecting cantilever backward. 18. The device according to 17, characterized in that the lower surface of the wing on the first and second wings forms with the specified upper surface of the wing a first wedge angle of about 5 °. 19. The device according to p. 18, characterized in that the outer side surfaces of the wings pass between the specified upper and lower surfaces of the wings, and the specified outer side surfaces of the wings intersect the respective specified first and second sides at the respective specified first and second leading edges of the wings. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the outer side surfaces of the wings form respectively a second wedge angle of about 5 ° with the first and second lateral sides. 21. The device according to and. 17, characterized in that the first and second wings are inclined downward in such a way that the two corresponding planes of the bone, bisecting the wedge angle between the upper and lower surfaces of the wings on the first and second wings, contain leading edges of the wings and are inclined forward and downward at an angle of about 5 ° with respect to the substantially horizontal plane containing the lower surface.