EA000397B1 - Process and apparatus for the production of a mineral fibreboard - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Apparatus for the continuous production of bonded mineral fibreboard from a mineral fibre fleece comprising a fibre production unit for producing a fleece, transport means (19, 23) for transporting the fleece to a bonding station (25), a bonding station (25) for bonding the fleece, a compression unit (19) for thickness and/or longitudinal compression of the fleece disposed between the fibre production unit and the bonding station (25), and means (61, 65) to prevent break-out of the fleece between the compression unit (19) and the bonding station (25), characterised in that the compression unit comprises a plurality of conveyor pairs (31. 33. 35, 37) disposed consecutively in the conveying direction; each conveyor pair (31, 33, 35, 37) comprises two opposite roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35', 35"; 37', 37") comprising in each case at least two spaced-apart rollers (39), so that a conveying path for the fleece is formed by the opposite roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35', 35"; 37', 37"), each said roller has a diameter of between 60 and 160 mm, preferably between 80 and 120 mm, the distance between adjacent rollers (39) is so selected that as to substantially prevent escape of the fibre felt (20). there are drive means (117', 117'', 117''', 117'"', 118', 118", 118'", 118"") are provided in order to drive the rollers (39, 39') of each group at substantially the same circumferential speed, there are means for individually adjusting the circumferential speeds of the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) and there are means for adjusting the distance between the opposite roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35', 35"; 37', 37") of the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37). 2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 in which the distance between adjacent rollers in a group is from 2 to 30 mm, preferably less than 20 mm. 3. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that the roller diameter is 90 mm and the centre-to-centre distance between two adjacent rollers is 95 mm. 4. Apparatus according to any preceding Claim, characterised in that the compression unit (19) comprises at least three conveyor pairs, preferably four conveyor pairs (31, 33. 35, 37) with roller groups of in each case three to eight rollers (39), preferably four rollers (39) in each case. 5. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the position of the opposite roller groups (31', 31") of at least one conveyor pair (31) is individually adjustable relatively to the position of the roller groups (33', 33"; 35', 35"; 37', 37") of the following conveyor pair or pairs. 6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterised in that the distance between the opposite roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35', 35") of a conveyor pair (31, 33 35) is adjustable to approximately 0.5 to 0.1 times the distance between the roller groups (33', 33"; 35', 35"; 37', 37") of the following conveyor pair (33, 35, 37) and in that the conveying path defined by the two conveyor pairs is substantially in alignment. 7. Apparatus according to any one of Claims l to 6, characterised in that means are provided to control the circumferential speed of the rollers (39) of each individual group (31', 31", 33', 33", 35', 35", 37', 37'') independently of the speed of the rollers in each other group. 8. Apparatus according to any one of Claims l to 7, characterised in that the compression unit (19) comprises means for inclining at least two opposite roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35', 35"; 37', 37") relatively to one another in order, for example, to produce a fleece web tapering in the conveying direction F. 9. Apparatus according to any preceding Claim, characterised in that the roller groups of at least one conveyor pair (31) are each disposed on a support structure (71) so as to be displaceable independently of one another perpendicularly to the conveying direction. 10. Apparatus according to Claim 9, characterised in that at least two roller groups are each disposed on a separate frame (87) adjustable on the support structure (71) perpendicularly to the conveying direction. 11. Apparatus according to Claim 10, characterised in that the frame (87) is disposed pivotally on the support structure (71). 12. Apparatus according to Claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the frame (87) is vertically adjustable by means of first spindles (89, 89', 91, 91') disposed on the support structure (71). 13. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 10 to 12 characterised in that four first spindles (89, 89', 91, 91') are provided which are interconnected by shafts (99, 99', 101, 101'). 14. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 10 to 13 characterised in that second spindles (109, 109') are provided on the vertically adjustable frame (87) to pivot the frame (87) relatively to the support structure (71). 15. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 10 to 14 characterised in that guides are provided to guide the frame (87) vertically on the support structure (71). 16. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 9 to 15 characterised in that except for one roller group (31'') the lower roller groups (33", 35", 37'') are fixedly disposed on the support structure (71). 17. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 16 characterised in that the circumferential speeds of all the conveyor pairs and the distances between the opposite conveyors are individually adjustable. 18. Apparatus according to any one of Claims l to 17 characterised in that the drive means for the conveyors (31, 33, 35, 37) and the means for adjusting the distance between the conveyors are connected to a microprocessor control system. 19. Apparatus according to Claim 18, characterised in that the microprocessor control system comprises at least two read/inputting units in combination, one being disposed in the region of the compression unit and the other, for example, in a control room. 20. Apparatus according to Claim 19, characterised in that the microprocessor control system comprises memory means for storing the process parameters such as the speeds and spacing of the roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35', 35", 37', 37"). 21. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that means, e.g. an isotope unit, for determining the quantity of fibre per unit area, are provided before the compression unit (19). 22. Apparatus according to Claim 21, characterised in that the means for determining the quantity of fibre are connected to the fibre production unit or to the microprocessor control system. 23. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 22, characterised in that a separating device (41) for separating the fleece into two or more sub-webs is provided between the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) and the bonding station (21), in that at least one compression stage (53, 54) for thickness and/or longitudinal compression of at least one sub-web is provided and in that conveyors (47, 49, 50, 51) are provided to prevent break-out of the compressed fleece between the compression stage (19) and the bonding station (25). 24. Apparatus according to Claim 23, characterised in that at least the separating device (41) and the following conveyor (49) are vertically adjustable in the region of the multi-ply unit (21). 25. Apparatus according to Claim 23 or 24, characterised in that the compression stage for the compression of the at least one sub-web comprises at least two independently driven conveyor pairs (53, 54). 26. Apparatus according to Claim 25, characterised in that the conveyor pairs (53. 54) are roller conveyors, the roller spacing thereof being adjustable. 27. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 24 to 26, characterised in that means (57) are provided for the metered supply of a binder to the mutual contact surfaces of the sub-webs. 28. Apparatus for the continuous production of a bonded mineral fibreboard from a mineral fibre felt or fleece comprising a fibre production unit for producing a felt, transport means (19, 23) for transporting the felt to a bonding station (25), a bonding station (25) for bonding the felt, a longitudinal or longitudinal/thickness compression unit (19) disposed between the fibre production unit and the bonding station (25), and means (61, 65) to prevent break-out of the fleece between the compression unit (19) and the bonding station (25), characterised by a compression-optimising unit comprising a plurality of conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37), each conveyor pair (31, 33, 35, 37) comprising in each case two opposite rollers or roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35', 35''; 37', 37"), in which each roller has a diameter of between approximately 60 and 160 mm, preferably between 80 and 120 mm, and the distance between the rollers (39) is so selected that an escape of the fibre felt (20) is not possible, means for individually adjusting the circumferential speeds of the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) and means for adjusting the clearance between the opposite roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35', 35"; 37', 37") of the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37). 29. Apparatus according to Claim 28, characterised in that drive means (117', 117", 117"'. 117"", 118', 118". 118'", 118'"') are provided for driving the rollers (39) of each group at substantially the same circumferential speed. 30. A continuous process for the production of a bonded mineral fibre board by production of a mineral fibre fleece, longitudinal and/or thickness compression of the fleece followed by bonding of the longitudinally compressed fleece in a bonding station (25), the fleece being held to prevent break-out between the compression unit (19) and the bonding station (25) characterised in that the longitudinal compression is effected by the fleece passing through a compression unit (19) comprising a plurality of conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) disposed consecutively in the conveying direction, each conveyor pair (31, 33, 35, 37) comprising in each case two opposite roller groups (31', 31"; 33', 33"; 35',

Description

The invention relates to a method and installation for the production of mineral sheet fiber.

In recent years, various improvements have been made in the production of mineral sheet fiber. A significant improvement in the properties of the mineral fiber sheet can be obtained, for example, by reorienting the fibers in the production process so that they are located predominantly perpendicular to the large surfaces of the sheet. As a result, tensile strength and compressive strength can be significantly increased in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.

It is known the production of products having a folded structure. For example, a folded product is manufactured by the method described in European Patent EP 365,826, by passing a web subjected to longitudinal compression between a series of separately spaced rollers. The distance between the rollers in the longitudinal direction is large enough to allow significant movement of the fibers during the movement between the rollers, which leads to the formation of folds.

It is known that it is more desirable to perform longitudinal compression essentially without wrinkling.

Such a method is described in DE 1,635,620. In it, the pulp is compressed in thickness, and then subjected to longitudinal compression between the belts under conditions where the thickness of the pulp after longitudinal compression is about the same or slightly larger than the thickness before longitudinal compression.

In many ways, including longitudinal compression, it is necessary to subject the longitudinally compressed fibrous mass to compression in thickness just prior to bonding. For example, in EP 133.083, methods are described in which substantially longitudinal compression is carried out, and then the fibrous mass is compressed in thickness and then bound.

Other longitudinal compression methods with essentially no wrinkling are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,567,078 and in WO 01/14816 and WO 94/16164.

In such methods, belt conveyors are commonly used to perform longitudinal compression, with the pulp passing between one row of belt conveyors, and then through a series of conveyors at a lower speed. In EP 133 083 it is recommended to use belt conveyors, which have the advantage over roller conveyors that the latter tend to stop. Ways to achieve significant longitudinal compression between the rows of rollers have the disadvantage that significant amounts of fibers move between the rollers and create obstacles and distortions, making the method unsatisfactory. A combination of belt conveyors and rollers is described in WO 94/16162 and WO 94/16164, where all the rollers must rotate at the same speed.

Known methods have the disadvantage that they are difficult to adjust and work effectively. Their disadvantage is the fact that such methods can produce either only folded products or products having an isotropic orientation of the fibers.

An object of the invention is the creation of the installation and method to produce a product with improved properties. A more specific task is to increase the efficiency of methods for the production of mineral sheet fiber, i.e., so that products having special physical properties, such as increased compressive and tensile strength, and better insulation properties, can be produced with reduced resource utilization. Products should have the greatest possible uniformity of density.

Another object of this invention is to provide an installation in which critical compression and other steps can be easily adjusted without dismantling the installation in response to a change in the pulp fed to the installation or the product it is desired to receive. In this way, it would be desirable to be able to produce products with a range of different physical properties in one installation, without undesirable downtime or other inconveniences between the production of a particular product.

It would also be desirable to produce products that have a random orientation of the fibers, and, to the extent possible, products that have a folded structure on one piece of equipment.

Installation according to the invention contains:

a fiber manufacturing device for producing pulp, a vehicle for transporting pulp to a binding machine, a pulp binding device, a compression device for compressing in thickness and / or a longitudinal pulp located between the fiber manufacturing device and the binding device the fact that the compression device contains many pairs of conveyors arranged in series in the direction of transport; each pair of conveyors contains two opposite groups of rollers containing in each case at least two separately located rollers, so that the transport path for the pulp is formed by opposite groups of rollers, each of these rollers having a diameter between about 60 and 160 mm, preferably between 80 and 120 mm, the distance between adjacent rollers is chosen so as to essentially prevent the possibility of the release of fiber felt, there is a motor means to drive the roll Each flu has essentially the same peripheral speed, there is a means for individually adjusting the peripheral speeds of the conveyor pairs, and there is a means for adjusting the distance between the opposite groups of rollers of the conveyor pairs.

The invention also relates to an installation for the continuous production of bonded sheet mineral fibers from felt or a mass of mineral fibers containing a fiber production device for producing fiber felt, a vehicle for transporting this felt to a binding installation, a device for binding felt, a longitudinal or longitudinal / thickness device compression located between the fiber manufacturing device and the binder and the means for preventing the leakage of the fibers the mass between the compression device and the binding machine, which is different to the compression-optimization device, contains a plurality of conveyor pairs, each pair of conveyors in each case contains two opposite rollers or roller pairs, in which each roller has a diameter between approximately 60 and 1 60 mm, preferably between 80 and 120 mm, and the distance between the rollers is chosen so that the output of the fiber felt is impossible, the means for individual adjustment of the peripheral speeds of the conveyor pairs and the means for ulirovki gap between the opposite roller groups of the conveyor pairs.

The invention also includes a method for the continuous production of bonded sheet mineral fibers by producing a mass of mineral fibers, longitudinal and / or thickness of the compression of this mass, followed by binding of the longitudinally compressed fibrous mass in the binding unit, the fiber being kept from going out between the compression device and the binding unit , characterized in that the longitudinal compression is performed by passing the fibrous mass through a compression device containing many conveyor pairs, pa consistently in the direction of transport, each pair of conveyors contains in each case two opposite groups of rollers, each of which has at least two separately located rollers, so that the transport path for the pulp is formed by the opposite groups of rollers, while the rollers of each group are driven with essentially the same peripheral speed using the motor means attached to the associated group, and the peripheral speeds of the conveyor pairs individually adjusted, with the peripheral speed of the rollers of at least one pair of conveyors less than the peripheral speed of the rollers of the previous or each preceding pair of conveyors, and the distance between opposite groups of rollers of conveyor pairs is adjustable.

Since the fibrous mass is under considerable longitudinal compression, it can warp on the conveyor by which it is carried, therefore it is necessary to use means to keep the fibrous mass from going out (i.e. bending out of the supporting means) as it is transported between the longitudinal device compression and installation for binding. This retaining means may be a tape, rollers or other guides that will adequately support the longitudinally compressed fibrous mass on the desired longitudinal path and prevent significant deviation of this mass from the desired direction.

Although there is usually a tendency to view roller conveyors and belt conveyors as capable of producing the same results, except that roller conveyors can stop and tend to fold, it has been found that using a compression device containing a plurality of consecutive roller groups, each of which contains Two or more rollers, as defined in this invention, allow for easier adjustment as well as production of products with significantly Chimie properties. In contrast to the known longitudinally / vertically compressed products, new products are distinguished by a particularly uniform density. The fibers are uniformly blended, and no preferred orientation of the fibers is noted (Fig. 11). At an enlarged scale, it can be seen that randomly oriented fibers are located in a partially corrugated structure. This setup can, however, be used to produce folded items.

Unlike products from EP-A-0 365826, no intermediate stages with free wheels are used, and the gradual swelling of the fibrous web is undesirable. And there is no need for continuous gradation of speed in one way or another, as described in WO 91/14826. On the contrary, the rollers can be combined into groups containing two or more rollers, set in motion with the same speed. In contrast to WO 91/14816, the opposite groups of rollers are preferably arranged in parallel, or in certain cases, obliquely relative to each other, so that a narrowing of the fibrous web is obtained in the direction of transport.

Due to the low adhesion, there is a certain slippage between the rollers and the pulp, which allows the pulp to slide along the rollers during compression. Under these conditions, the fibrous mass thoroughly fills a certain gap, i.e. it re-expands and shrinks. It is believed that this effect is the cause of the marked improvements in the properties of the product obtained in this way. The installation according to the invention provides intensive compaction of the fiber felt inside and on the surface.

An important feature of the present invention is that the fibrous mass or fibrous felt is subjected to optimization, in more detail, to longitudinal or longitudinal / thickness compression by means of a plurality of rollers or shafts. In the installation according to the invention, the compression of the fibrous mass can occur gradually and at a greater distance than, for example, on belt conveyors. Under these conditions, the compression of the fibrous web at a moderate distance appears to be essential. The fiber felt is continuously thoroughly filled in the compression zone formed during the compression operation, and this has a positive effect on the specific microdensity.

It turned out that the products obtained using the installation according to the invention, respectively, have very homogeneous specific microdensity (density distribution in a small unit of volume) and very good mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, puncturing and stretching, with a weight of 15-25% lower than conventional products, so that significant resource savings become possible.

Typically, the diameter of the rollers and the distance between the rollers in the transport direction are such that any unwanted wrinkling and clogging of the gaps between the rollers becomes impossible. Products with a corrugated type of structure can be obtained by compression by means of a compact array of rollers containing rollers of relatively small size. The dimensions of the rollers and the gaps between them, required for the production of a corrugated fiber structure, depend, among other things, on the type of fibers and their length. Advantageously, the diameter of the rollers is between approximately 60 and 160 mm, preferably between 80 and 120 mm. The distance between adjacent rollers is preferably chosen in such a way that any output of fibrous felt is impossible. Preferably, the gaps between adjacent rollers are therefore between 1 and about mm, preferably between 2 and 30 mm and most preferably less than 20 mm, for example, from 3 to 10 mm. The allowable distances between the rollers essentially depend on the density of the pulp, the degree of longitudinal compression in the compression device and the thickness of the sheet produced. Preferably, the diameter of the rollers is approximately 90 mm, and the distance between the centers of the adjacent rollers is 95 mm. With a small distance between the rollers you can get products of different thickness and high density.

Although, for example, from 3 to 10 pairs of roller conveyors each having from two to 10 rollers each can be installed, in a preferred embodiment of the invention there are from 3 to 6 pairs of conveyors, each of which contains 3-8 rollers, preferably 4 pairs conveyors with roller groups of 4 rollers each. Although the use of 4 pairs of conveyors with groups of rollers of 4 rollers each allows from one to multiple gradations of speed, improved product quality can in many cases be achieved by a simple single-stage longitudinal compression. A substantially long compression zone also becomes available when using 4 pairs of conveyors.

Predominantly conveyor pairs are height adjustable independently of each other. In one advantageous embodiment, the position of the opposite roller groups of at least one pair of conveyors is individually adjusted relative to the position of the roller groups of the next pair of conveyors or pairs of conveyors. Thus, in contrast to the known installation, it is possible to produce not only products having a random orientation of the fibers, but also products having the folded structure of the fibers. Mainly for the production of essentially folded products, the clearance of the opposed roller groups of the pair of conveyors is adjusted to about 0.5 to 0.1 of the gap of the roller groups of the next pair of conveyors, and the transport path defined by the two pairs of conveyors is positioned so that it is approximately straight .

Although, as a rule, roller groups of conveyor pairs can be driven with the same peripheral speed, it may be advisable to control the peripheral speed of the rollers of each separate group regardless of the speed of the rollers in each other group and use a separate variable speed motor.

Advantageously, the compression device comprises a supporting structure on which pairs of conveyors are located. The supporting structure provides a compact device for the compression device. A compression device can also be installed in series with existing systems. Predominantly roller groups of at least one pair of conveyors are arranged on a supporting structure so as to be able to move independently of each other perpendicular to the direction of transport. The advantage of this is the ability to produce folded products at the same time.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least two groups of rollers are used, each of which is located on a separate frame and whose position can be adjusted on the supporting structure perpendicular to the direction of transport. This simplifies the design and control of the compression device. Mainly the frame is located on the supporting structure so that it can rotate on the axis. This allows you to simultaneously compress as the thickness and longitudinal. The possibility of individual adjustment is carried out by means of axles. It is also possible to use rails, gears, worm gears, etc. To apply a parallel engine, two or more axles can be attached to the shafts, thus reducing the number of engines required.

Preferably, the peripheral speeds, at least of the conveyor pairs and the gaps of the opposite conveyors, are individually controlled. Mainly motor means for conveyors and means for adjusting the gap between the conveyors are connected to the microprocessor control system. It is especially expedient if the microprocessor control system contains at least two reader / input devices, one of which is located in the area of the compression device and the other in the control point. Thus, it is possible to optimize the process directly on site or it is possible to intervene in the process. The microprocessor control system may contain memory means to record process parameters, such as conveyor speeds and the gaps between them, so that it is possible to reproduce specially ordered items at any time.

Advantageously, a means, for example an isotopic system, may be installed in front of the compression device to determine the amount of fiber per unit surface. This means for determining the amount of fiber can be associated with a fiber manufacturing device or with a microprocessor control system, so that the amount of fiber per surface unit can be adjusted and set uniformly.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a separation device is provided for viewing a separation device for separating the fibrous mass into two or more webs, which is installed between the compression device and the binding unit, at least one compression stage is provided for thickness compression and longitudinal, at least one subpolotnye, as well as conveyors are provided to prevent the release of compressed fibrous mass between the compression device and the communication yvaniya. This installation can produce multilayer products. The compression stage for the compression of at least one subholding mainly contains at least two pairs of conveyors, which are set in motion independently. Thus, longitudinal compression can also be performed in addition to thickness compression.

Advantageously, at least the separation device and the subsequent conveyor are vertically adjusted in the area of the multilayer device. This has the advantage that this installation can be used for the production of both single-layer and multilayer products.

Although the adhesion is subpolishing due to the drying of the binder adhering to the fibers, it is quite sufficient that a means can be provided to provide the contiguous surfaces of the subpolatile binding agent to their connection. In general, the joined webs held together by an appropriate means can once again be compressed in thickness. Preferably, however, the webs are compressed longitudinally before binding. Longitudinal compression is performed in a ratio of 1.1: 1 to a maximum of 2: 1. The contacting surfaces can be increased in size by final longitudinal compression, so that the binding of the sub-weights is improved.

This installation can be used for the production of unfolded and folded products. In one expedient variant of the method for the production of essentially folded products, the gap between the opposite rollers of the pair of conveyors is set to about 0.5 to 0.1 of the gap between the roller groups of the next pair of conveyors, and the transport path defined by the two pairs of conveyors is essentially straightforward, and the circumferential speed of the next conveyor is less than the circumferential speed of the previous conveyor. In addition, at least one of the roller conveyors can be set at an angle to the direction of transport, for example, for the production of a fibrous web tapering in the direction of transport. This may be important in the manufacture of products having a density less than about 1 00 kg / m ³ .

Preferably, before entering the compression device, the pulp is pre-compressed to about 0.8 to 1.5, preferably from 0.9 to 1.3, and most preferably to about the nominal thickness of the final product, so that only substantial longitudinal movement takes place on the roller conveyor. compression. The setting of compression thickness is the gap between the opposite roller groups. Preferably, further compression in thickness before the drying oven is not performed, so that the fiber structure once installed is kept constant. Advantageously, before entering the drying oven and already in the compression device, the respective pulp has a nominal thickness corresponding to 0.9 to 1.3 thickness of the final product, preferably equal to the approximate thickness of the final product. Products made in this way have a very high tensile and compressive strength with a relatively low weight.

Although the speed can be repeatedly changed in the direction of transport, most products that have an arbitrary orientation of the fibers can be produced with a single step of speed gradation. The mineral fiber mass is preferably compressed in length with a coefficient from 2 to 6, preferably with a coefficient from 2.5 to 5 and most preferably with a coefficient from 2.5 to 3.5. Only in the case of products having a density less than about 90-100 kg / m ³ , a multistep gradation of speed can have an advantage over a single-stage speed. The compression ratio in thickness in the compression device is preferably less than 2 and preferably less than 1.5. Before entering the binding machine, for example a drying oven, the pulp preferably has a nominal thickness of from about 0.9 to about 1.3 times the thickness of the final product.

For the production of products having a folded fiber structure, the gap between the opposite rollers of a pair of conveyors is set to about 0.5 to 0.1 of the gap between the roller groups of the next pair of conveyors, and the transport path defined by two pairs of conveyors is essentially straightforward, and the circumferential the speed of the next group of rollers is less than the circumferential speed of the previous roller groups.

In the most preferred embodiment, the fibrous mass expands in the direction of transport after longitudinal compression. Undesired wrinkling of the fibrous web, for example, when transferred to a binding machine, can be prevented by stretching the compressed fibrous mass. In some cases, after this stretching, you can partially or completely dispense with retention bands, which are required in other cases. In many cases, expansion to about 20–40% is sufficient. Expansion can be important in the case of relatively thin products of high density, for example, more than 1 40 kg / m ³ .

In another embodiment of the method, the compression zone moves at certain intervals, i.e. Longitudinal compression is performed by different pairs of conveyors. A certain self-cleaning effect can be achieved in this case due to the slip existing between the rollers and the pulp, so that the rollers are cleaned of any adherent binder.

Pulp may consist of glass wool, mineral wool or other synthetic fibers. Preferably, the pulp consists essentially of artificial vitreous fibers, preferably mineral wool fibers, and contains a non-drying binder. The binder content by weight can be about 0.7 and 7%, often from 1 to 4%. The binder is preferably dried in a drying oven. However, the binding of the fibrous mass can be achieved by crystallization into needles or the formation of felt instead of or in addition to binding by drying the binding agent.

Mineral fibers are preferably used with an average length of between about 0.3 and 50 mm, preferably between about 0.5 and 15 mm and a thickness of between about 1 to 1 2 microns, preferably between about 3 and 8 microns. It is, however, possible to use mineral fibers with an average length between about 1 and 1 0 mm, preferably from about 2 to 6 mm and an average thickness from about 2 to 1 0 μm, preferably from about 3 to 6 or 7 μm. The average length of mineral wool fibers, which are usually shorter than glass fibers, is usually in the range from 2 to 4 mm, and the average diameter is from 3 to 4 microns.

Advantageously, during the deposition of the fibrous mass on the conveyor, the preliminary orientation of the fibers changes or partially disrupts its uniformity. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a spinning body adapted to oscillate at an angle to the direction of transport, or by an air curtain. In this way, the density distribution of the fibrous mass can be improved and the orientation of the fibers can be changed, which has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting product. Preferably, the primary fibrous mass is deposited on the selected tape in layers by means of a pendulum tape, swinging at an angle to the direction of transport. Thus, the primary fibrous mass is preferably formed overlapped. In this way, the fibers are partially reoriented, and the homogeneity (lateral distribution) of the fibrous mass deposited on the selective tape can be improved.

Mainly from 2 to about 60 layers, preferably between 2 and 40-50 layers can be deposited one on another. This produces a certain reorientation of the fibers.

The fibrous mass may deviate, for example, in the transverse direction from the direction of transport, if compression, or rather longitudinal compression, is performed simultaneously.

This invention also relates to a mineral fiber sheet obtained by the method according to the invention, in particular to such sheets having a corrugated fiber structure. The invention also includes an installation for implementing the method described above, and comprising at least one selected tape for receiving fiber felt, the degree of pre-compression for compressing fiber felt, at least two successive conveyors driven at different speeds for longitudinal or longitudinal / thickness-compressed fibrous felt and a drying oven for securing compressed longitudinally and thickness-wise fibrous felt, characterized by an optimization device (19) containing tra The exporters, each of which has two opposite roller groups, containing two or more rollers, so that during operation a continuous or quasi-continuous compression zone is obtained, extending through a plurality of rollers or roller groups, where the rollers have a diameter between about 60 and 1 60 mm, preferably between 80 and 120 mm, and the distance between the rollers is chosen in such a way that any output of fibrous felt is impossible.

Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings, where FIG. 1 shows a mineral fiber product obtained by compression in thickness and having an orientation of the fibers substantially parallel to the surface;

in fig. 2 - a product with folds, most of the fibers of which are located perpendicular to the surface;

in fig. 3 - two-layer product, the upper layer of which has an increased density;

in fig. 4 — product with substantially uniform density and randomly oriented fibers;

in fig. 5 - a product in which a layer with randomly oriented fibers is connected to a layer with an increased density;

in fig. 6 shows schematically an installation for the continuous production of single-layer or multi-layer mineral fiber sheet of various density: a) in a continuous process and, accordingly, in a zone of continuous compression, and b) in a single-stage process;

in fig. 7 is a front view of the compression device in detail;

in fig. 8 is a side view of the compression device of FIG. 7;

in fig. 9 is a top view of the compression device of FIG. eight;

in fig. 1 0 is the rupture zone of a) a sheet having a substantially parallel orientation of the fibers, and b) and c) of mineral fiber sheets obtained by a new method and torn perpendicular to the plane of the sheet;

in fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a two-layer sheet, the fiber structure is shown on an enlarged scale, and FIG. 1 2 - schematically different possible positions of four pairs of conveyors arranged in series in the direction of transport.

FIG. 1-5 shows the orientation of the fibers, often occurring in soft sheets. Sheets having fibers arranged parallel to the surface (FIG. 1) have relatively low mechanical parameters. In order to compensate for this deficiency, fibers often are strengthened with a binder and an increased density.

Products having fibers arranged perpendicular to the surface can be obtained if the sheet shown in FIG. 1, cut into strips, turn these strips through 90 ° and then tie. This type of production is difficult, and therefore uneconomical. According to another type of production, folds are formed in the fibrous mass (fold formation process, FIG. 2). These products have significantly better compressive and tensile strengths in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sheet than the sheets shown in FIG. one . Sheets having folded fibers can be bent and can therefore be used for insulating pipes and for covering curved surfaces. The disadvantage, on the other hand, is that these products tend to break along the folds, and their puncturing strength is not sufficient. Another disadvantage of known products of this type is that they can have significant differences in density within a single sheet.

FIG. 3 shows a two-layer article, the upper layer of which has an increased density. These products are suitable for applications requiring high surface strength or increased surface protection. As a result of increasing the density of the upper layer, the average density can be reduced.

FIG. 4 shows a product with a substantially isotropic orientation of the fibers, having their random orientation. These products have excellent mechanical properties, such as high compressive strength, surface and perforation, as well as high tensile strength perpendicular to the surface of the sheet. They do not break, and their thermal conductivity is essentially the same as the products shown in FIG. one . In general, these products are lighter than comparable products, having essentially parallel fibers with comparable or improved mechanical properties.

FIG. 5 shows an article in which the advantages of the increased density of the upper layer and the structure of the fibers shown in FIG. 4. The object of this invention in particular is to further improve the properties of products of the type shown in FIG. 4 and 5.

The installation 11 shown in FIG. 6, for the production of mineral fiber sheets, contains pendulum tape 1 3 and select tape 1 5 arranged successively in the transport direction F and, respectively, deposition and reception of fibers produced by a device for producing fibers (not shown in detail), and a pre-compression stage 17 and device optimization, or compression 1 9 for the formation of fibrous felt or pulp 20, having an optimized orientation of the fibers and a uniform structure. Compression device 19 for optimizing compression is followed by an optional multi-layer device 21, which can be used to produce multi-layer mineral fiber sheets. The multilayer device 21 is followed by a vehicle 23, which maintains the compressed fibrous mass held by opposing large surfaces and supplies it to the binding plant, i.e., to the drying furnace 25.

The above device for the production of fibers is used for the continuous production of fibers by one of the known methods, for example, a cascade spinning process. Produced fibers, also called primary fibrous mass, are sprayed (not shown) with a binder and pass by means of a conveyor (not shown) onto the pendulum belt 13. This belt is located above the selection tape 1 5 and is configured to swing across the transport direction of the selection tape 15. However, another orientation of the pendulum movement is possible, for example, in the direction of transport. As a result of the pendulum movement, the primary fibrous mass 26 is overlapped, as seen in FIG. 6, on the forward-moving selection tape, depending on the speed of the latter and the frequency of the pendulum motion. However, to obtain the most random possible orientation of the fibers on a selective tape, another means is possible, for example, a gas jet. As a result of the progressive movement of the selection tape 1 5, the orientation of the fibers is preferably set at an angle to the direction of transport. Seen from above, the fibers of the two superimposed fiber layers are arranged cross-wise.

Pre-compression stage 17 consists of a lower conveyor belt 27 and a compressive belt 29. The latter is adjustable in height, so that the pulp 26 can be compressed to varying degrees. The pre-compression stage 1 7 provides pre-compression and a certain homogenization of the relatively free fibrous mass 20 prior to its introduction into the optimization device 19. Both belts 27, 29 preferably have separate independent motors, so that they can operate at different peripheral speeds.

According to the shown embodiment of the invention, the optimization device 1 9 consists of a plurality of conveyors or conveyor pairs 31, 33, 35, 37. Each pair 31, 33, 35, 37 has lower and upper roller groups 31 ″, 33 ″, 35 ′ ', 37' 'and 31', 33 ', 35', 37 ', respectively, each of which consists of four rollers 39. The gap between the individual groups of rollers 31', 31 "; 33 ', 33' '; 35 ', 35 "; 37 ', 37' 'can be adjusted. The roller groups can also be positioned obliquely towards one another in the direction of transport. The latter property makes it possible to continuously compress the fibrous mass 20 in thickness or to stretch it when passing through a pair of conveyors 31, 33, 35, 37.

Many different options for optimizing the fibrous mass can be obtained by adjusting the distance between the opposite groups of rollers and their speeds. In this way, you can get products with very different properties. Also, by means of adjustment, it is possible to control the optimization of the fiber structure and, for example, to prevent undesirable wrinkling on the surface of the fibrous mass.

At least the lower and upper groups of the rollers 31 ″ and 31 ′, respectively, of the first pair of conveyors 31 can be adjusted in height. This allows the pulp to be bent, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, in order to smooth and compress the surface of the fibrous mass. A particularly interesting variant of the method can be obtained if, for example, the gap between the roller groups 31 ′, 31 ″ of the first conveyor 31 is set to about 0.6-0.1 of the gap between the following roller groups 33 ′, 33 ″, and the transport path, determined by the conveyor pairs 31, 33 is located in a straight line (Fig. 12: center line 69). If the speed of the subsequent pair of conveyors 33 is less than that of the conveyor pair 31, it is possible to manufacture products having a folded structure, and folds are formed between the conveyors 31 and 33.

Upper and lower roller groups 31 ′, 31 ″; 33 ', 33' '; 35 ', 35 "; 37 ', 37 "' conveyor pairs 31, 33, 35, 37 each have a separate engine, not shown in detail in FIG. 6. The engines used have a wide variety in a certain range, so that, for example, the upper and lower roller groups can have different peripheral speeds. A slightly higher peripheral speed of the upper group of rollers is required, for example, if it is located not horizontally, but at an angle to the lower group of rollers.

FIG. from 7 to 9 show an embodiment of a compression device 19, in which conveyors with roller groups 31 ′, 31 ″; 33 ', 33' '; 35 ', 35 "; 37 ', 37 "', having rollers 39, are placed on the support structure 71. At one end of each of the rollers 39, sprockets 115 are mounted (FIG. 9). Every four or five rollers 39 are connected by drive chains (not shown) and form a roller group. Each roller group has engines 117 ', 117, 117', 117, 118 ', 118, 118', 118 ''.

The upper and lower groups of rollers 31 ', 31 "' of the first pair of conveyors 31, located in the transport direction (Fig. 8 arrow F) are made with the possibility of vertical adjustment. The vertical adjustment of the upper group of rollers 31 'is carried out by means of the motor element 81, which drives the axes 73, 73' through the drive shafts 77, 77 '.

The motor element 83, which drives the axles 75, 75 'through the cardan shafts 79, 79', is used for the vertical adjustment of the lower roller group 31 ''.

Unlike the first roller groups, the position of the other groups of rollers is either not regulated (below), or is regulated only jointly (above). As shown, especially in FIG. 7 and 8, the rear lower three groups of rollers 33 ", 35", 37 "', in the direction of transport, are located on stationary frame 85, while the top three roller groups 33', 35 ', 37' are placed on vertically adjustable frame 87. This frame 87 is vertically adjustable at the top of the supporting structure 71. The vertical guides 93 on the columns 95, 95 ', 97, 97' provide vertical control of the frame 87. The motor element 103, which by means of cardan shafts 99, 99 ', 101 , 101 'sets in motion the axes 89, 89', 91, 91 'arranged in pairs on the supporting structure 71, set for vertical adjustment of the frame 87.

The upper roller groups 33 ', 35', 37 ', the latter of which contains 5 rollers 39, are located on supporting guides 105 rotatably attached to the frame 87 by means of a rotation axis of 1 07. In the illustrated embodiment, the front end of the guides 105, as viewed in transport direction, attached to a vertically adjustable frame 87 by means of a pair of axles 109, 109 '. By adjusting the axes 109, 109 ', the supporting guides can be moved up or down from the horizontal line, so that, for example, it is possible to form a path tapering in the transport direction F. The axes 109, 109' are also interconnected through the drive shafts 111, 111 ', so that here one engine 113 can adjust them.

FIG. 12 shows various options for how four pairs of conveyors can be placed in principle. However, the adjustments according to FIG. 12b and 12c cannot be performed with the compression device of FIG. 7-9. The arrangement of the roller groups 31 ′, 31 ″, 33 ′, 33 ″, 35 ′, 35 ″, 37 ′, 37 ″ according to FIG. 12d is recommended, for example, if light products are produced. With the arrangement of roller groups 31 ′, 31 ″, 33 ′, 33 ″, 35 ′, 35 ″, 37 ′, 37 ″ shown in FIG. 12f, it is possible, for example, to produce a folded fibrous structure or fibrous web.

Behind the optimization device 19, containing a plurality of conveyor pairs, an optional multilayer device 21 is placed, which in the example shown is designed as a double density device. This device comprises a separation device 41, for example, a band saw or a band knife, which is shown only in outline in FIG. 6, to separate the compressed fibrous mass 20 into two webs 43 and 45. The multilayer device 21 also contains conveyors 47, 49, 50 and 51, for example, conveyor belts, which fix the compressed sub-blades 43, 45 in thickness. Any gaps, for geometrical reasons, between the separation device and, for example, the conveyor belts 49 or 50, can be closed, where possible, with guide plates. They prevent the release of the fibrous web, which can be compressed to varying degrees.

The separation device 41 and the conveyor 49 following it are preferably height adjustable. This allows you to cut the fibrous mass emerging from the compression device 19, the lower and upper blades 43, 45 of almost any thickness. In addition, the separation device 41 and the conveyor belt 49 can also be located independently of one another and outside the conveyance of the pulp. The conveyor belt 49 also serves as a holding tape. Due to the vertical adjustment, unit 11 can be used to produce both single-layer and multi-layer sheets. Basically, it is possible to install a plurality of separation devices and corresponding holding strips for the production of sheets with three or even more layers. In addition, mea and even more layers. In addition, the distance between the upper and lower rollers is adjustable, so that you can create outer layers of different thickness.

The conveyor pair 53, 54, installed after the conveyors 50, 51, serve to compress the upper blade 45 in thickness and in the longitudinal direction. Conveyor pairs 53, 54 preferably contain rollers 55, which are combined in each case so as to form upper and lower groups of rollers with three rollers each. Conveyor pairs 53, 54 each are driven with different peripheral speeds, so that the elongation, which can occur as a result of the compression through the thickness, can be compensated for by the corresponding longitudinal compression. In addition, the distance between the upper and lower rollers is adjustable, so that you can create outer layers of different thickness.

Conveyor belts, grooves and / or guide plates (shown in detail) combine the compressed web 45 'with the lower web 43. In most cases, it is possible to dispense with a retaining belt for a strong compressed web 45'. In the zone where the webs 43, 45 meet, a measuring device 57 for a binder is installed. With this arrangement, it is possible to supply the binder to the contacting surfaces of the upper and / or lower webs 43, 45 'in such a way that a better connection is obtained after drying the binder. In most cases, in particular, if any resulting elongation is pre-compensated, you can also dispense with the measuring device 57.

The feed belts 59, 61 and the feed rollers 63, 65 compress the joining webs 43, 45 'together and transport them to the drying oven 25. The peripheral speeds of the feed belts 59, 61 and the feed rollers 63, 65 are preferably individually controlled, so that the required compression can be performed or stretching compressed webs 43, 45 '. At least the feed rollers 63, 65 are preferably cooled. In the drying oven 25, air-permeable conveyor belts 67, 67 'are preferably installed. The belts 67, 67 'hold the webs 43, 45' together during the drying process, thus substantially determining the nominal thickness of the final sheets. The belts 67, 67 ', as well as the conveyors 59, 61, 63, 65, are vertically adjusted, and thus can be adjusted to the thickness of the pulp coming from the multilayer device 21 or the compression device 1 9.

The production of a multilayer sheet can be performed as follows: in the case of mineral fibers, usually with a weight of about 200-800 g / m ² , preferably 200-400 g / m ^{2, the} primary pulp coming from the receiving chamber (not shown). , with an average thickness of about 15-20 mm or often up to 75 mm, is fed to the pendulum tape 13. The latter lays the primary fibrous mass on a continuously moving forward selection tape 15. Depending on the speed of the last tape 1 5 and the frequency of oscillation of the pendulum tape 1 3 on the belt 1 5 more or less layers of fibrous mass are formed in the vertical direction. The number of layers is selected depending on the required qualities of the sheet of the final product, for example, weight, compressive strength, etc. The number of layers also depends on the composition of the fibers, that is, the individual processing steps of the fibers between the fiber production device and the drying oven 25. Usually , on selected tape 15 is deposited from 2 to 40-50 layers.

The deposition of the fibrous mass 26 by means of a pendulum belt 1 3 not only ensures a good lateral distribution of the fiber material on the selective tape 15, but also leads to a uniform orientation of the fibers and a certain homogenization. The orientation of the fibers can be additionally influenced by changing the direction of the pendulum motion. Untight. The fibrous mass is pre-compressed in the pre-compression stage 1 7. Pre-compression is usually such that the fibrous mass can be captured by the rollers of the first pair of transporters ). Some pre-compression bending of the fibrous mass is desirable, so that when entering the compressing device, sufficient adhesion between the fibrous mass and the rollers is achieved to give the required reorientation to the fibers. Since in the case of products having a density less than about 80 to 90 kg / m ³ , the expansion forces prevailing in the fibrous mass during longitudinal compression are much smaller, in the manufacture of these products usually moderate compression in thickness is required in addition to longitudinal compression to establish required pressure and avoid unwanted wrinkling on the surface of the fibrous mass.

In the case of duplication, i.e. when the primary pulp is deposited in layers, the surface of the pulp has steps that are noticeable to varying degrees. These stages can be at least partially smoothed in the pre-compression stage 1 7 by moving the upper belt 29 at a slightly higher speed than would be necessary for further transportation.

Partially smoothed fiber may be further smoothed in optimization device 19. For example, the first and second pairs of conveyors may not be located along the same line. It is also possible the location is not on the same line of any other pairs of conveyors. Locating outside of one line exposes the transported pulp 20 to a bending or lateral deflection that can smooth the surfaces of the pulp. The smoothing effect can be improved if the second pair of conveyors moves a little slower than the first.

Preferably, an optimization or compression device 1 9 achieves a longitudinal compression from 2: 1 to 6: 1 (corresponding to the peripheral speeds of the first and last pairs of conveyors 31 and 37), essentially with a gap between the rollers corresponding to the nominal thickness of the sheet produced (i.e. longitudinal compression without thickness compression). Although the gradation of speed can be multi-stage, the required qualities can be achieved by single-stage longitudinal compression. However, in the case of lighter products, it would be advisable to apply longitudinal compression simultaneously with moderate compression in thickness. In the case of a single speed gradation, every two pairs of conveyors 31, 33 and 35, 37 can be driven together by one engine.

Rollers 39 have proven their particular advantage as a means of transportation. The fibrous mass can be strongly compressed in the longitudinal direction by the rollers 39 without noticeable wrinkling on the surface of the fibrous mass. One possible explanation for this may be that there is only weak adhesion between the rollers and the fibrous mass. The rollers also contribute to the reorientation of the fibers, since the pulp may somehow expand between the rollers in each case, but without wrinkling. The result is a good compaction of the fiber felt inside and on the surface.

In the multilayer device 21, the compressed fiber pulp can be divided into two or more webs 43, 45. It is also possible to lower the multilayer device or place it outside the transport path and deliver the fiber pulp with an optimized fiber structure directly to the drying oven.

The separation of the fibrous mass 20 is carried out with a band saw or a band knife in a known manner. The upper fabric 45 with an optimized fiber structure is then compressed in thickness and longitudinal. In this case, the fibers of the upper layer 45 are additionally compacted in thickness and subsequent longitudinal compression. The compressed thickness of the canvas 45 'then returns to the continuously moving bottom canvas 43.

The compressed fibrous mass 43, 45 ', more specifically, the web 43 under pressure, is guided between the compression stage 1 9 and the drying oven 25 by means of conveyors 47, 49, 59, 61, 63, 65, for example, a belt, chain or roller system, preferably transport tapes to prevent any exit or swelling.

In the drying oven 25, the binder in the pulp is dried. Drying of the binder takes place at temperatures between 180 and 300 ° C, preferably about 200 to 250 ° C. The binder also provides a reliable bond between the low and high density webs 43, 45 '.

In order to improve the adhesion of the webs 43, 45 ', their contact points can be provided with a solid or liquid bonding material (measuring device 57) in a multilayer device before combining them.

Alternatively or additionally, the connection between the two webs 43 and 45 'can be improved if the webs are compressed somewhere in front of the drying oven 25. Depending on the degree of compression, this can lead to some wrinkling in the webs. Compression leads to an increase in the size of the contacting surfaces, and this can improve the adhesion / locking of the webs.

The installation according to the invention can be used for single-stage or multi-stage longitudinal compression of the mineral fibrous mass. Alternatively, this installation may operate in such a way that a continuous compression zone is formed in it. Products with a density of preferably between about 40 and 200 kg / m ³ can be produced.

Example 1

Sheet type Double layered Fiber material Mineral wool Sheet Thickness 100 mm layer About 20 mm Bottom thickness layer About 80 mm Average specific About 90 kg / m ³ density Specific density 155 kg / m ³ outer layer density bottom layer 75 kg / m ³ Binder Modified Phenolic Resin Average hair length con 0.5 to 10 mm Average diameter of fibers 3 to 6 microns Pre-compression Approximately 1, 5 tie nominal thickness Thickness Compression 1.8: 1 to 1.1: 1

Longitudinal compression 3: 1 Compressive strength at 10% bending 0.025-0.030 N / mm ² toughness (delamination) 0,013-0,018 N / mm ² Example 2 Sheet type Single layer Fiber material Mineral wool Sheet thickness 1 00 mm Specific density About 90 kg / m ³ Binder Modified in phenolic resin Average fiber length From about 3 to 4 mm Average fiber diameter 3 to 4 microns Preliminary About compression nominal thickness Longitudinal compression 3: 1 Compressive strength at 10% bending 0.035 N / mm ² tensile strength (delamination) 0.020 N / mm ²

Compared to sheets that have a non-optimized fiber structure and density, the weight of sheets obtained by the new method can be reduced from 25 to 40% compared to sheets obtained with other methods with the same mechanical properties. The tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the sheet is significantly increased, and this is evident from the highly structured zone of rupture (Fig. 10b and 10c).

Products according to the invention can be used for any conventional applications of synthetic fibers, for example, for sheets, webs used for thermal insulation, refractory and fire protection or sound insulation and sound control, or in applicable form in gardening as a means of cultivation.

Claims (44)

CLAIM 1. Installation for the continuous production of mineral sheet fiber from a mass of mineral fibers, containing a device for producing fibers for the production of pulp, vehicles (19, 23) for transporting the pulp to a binding unit (25), a unit for binding (25) pulp , a compression device (19) for compressing the thickness and / or longitudinal compression of the pulp located between the fiber production device and the binding apparatus (25), and means (61, 65) for preventing loknistoy mass between the compression unit (19) and the bonding station (25), characterized in that the compression device comprises a plurality of conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) disposed consecutively in the conveying direction; each pair of conveyors (31, 33, 35, 37) contains two opposite groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37', 37 ''), each containing case, at least two separately located rollers (39), so that the transport path for the pulp is formed by opposite groups of rollers (31 ', 31; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35; 37', 37), and each of these rollers has a diameter between about 60 and 160 mm, preferably between 80 and 120 mm, the distance between adjacent rollers (39) is chosen so as to substantially prevent the possibility of fibrous felt (20) there are motor means (117 ', 117' ', 117' '', 117 '' '', 118 ', 118' ', 118' '', 118 '' '') to drive the rollers (39, 39 ') of each group with essentially the same peripheral speed, there is a means for individually adjusting the peripheral speeds of the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) and there are means for adjusting the distance between the opposite groups of rollers (31', 31 ''; 33 ', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37 ', 37' ') of conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37). 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between adjacent rollers in the group is from 2 to 30 mm, preferably less than 20 mm 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the rollers is 90 mm, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent rollers is 95 mm. 4. Installation according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the compression device (1 9) contains at least three pairs of conveyors, preferably four pairs of conveyors (31, 33, 35, 37) having roller groups of three to eight rollers (39) in each, preferably four rollers (39) in each case. 5. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the position of the opposing groups of rollers (31 ', 31' ') of at least one pair of conveyors (31) is individually adjustable relative to the position of the groups of rollers (33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37', 37 '') of the next pair or pairs of conveyors. 6. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the distance between the opposite groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37', 37 '') of conveyor pairs (31 , 33, 35) is adjustable to about 0.5 to 0.1, the distance between the groups of rollers (33 ', 33' '; 35', 35 ''; 37 ', 37' ') of the subsequent conveyor pairs (33, 35, 37), and the transportation path defined by the two pairs of conveyors is substantially aligned. 7. Installation according to any one of paragraphs. 1 -6, characterized in that it contains means for controlling the peripheral speed of the rollers (39) of each individual group (31 ', 31' ', 33', 33 '', 35 ', 35' ', 37', 37 '') regardless of the speed of the rollers in each group. 8. Installation according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the compression device (19) contains means for tilting at least two opposite roller groups (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37' , 37 '') relative to each other in order to produce, for example, a fibrous web tapering in the transport direction F. 9. Installation according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the roller groups of at least one pair of conveyors (31) are each located on a supporting structure (71) so as to be independently movable perpendicular to the direction of transportation. 10. Installation according to claim 9, characterized in that at least two roller groups are each located on a separate frame (87) with the possibility of adjustment on a supporting structure (71) perpendicular to the direction of transportation. 11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the frame (87) is rotatably mounted on a supporting structure (71). 12. Installation according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the frame (87) is vertically adjustable by means of the first axes (89, 89 ', 91, 91') located on the supporting structure (71). 1 3. Installation according to any one of paragraphs. 1 0-1 2, characterized in that the first four axes (89, 89 ', 91, 91') are provided, which are mutually connected by means of shafts (99, 99 ', 101, 101'). 14. Installation according to any one of paragraphs. 10-13, characterized in that the second axis (109, 109 ') are provided on a vertically adjustable frame (87) to rotate the frame (87) relative to the supporting structure (71). 15. Installation according to any one of paragraphs. 10-14, characterized in that guides are provided for wiring the frame (87) on the supporting structure (71). 16. Installation according to any one of paragraphs.9-15, characterized in that in addition to one roller group (31``), the lower groups of rollers (33 '', 35``, 37 '') are stationary on the supporting structure (71). 1 7. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 -1 6, characterized in that the peripheral speeds of all conveyor pairs and the distance between opposing conveyors can be individually adjusted. 18. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the motor means for the conveyors (31, 33, 35, 37) and means for adjusting the distances between the conveyors are connected to a microprocessor control system. 19. Installation according to p. 18, characterized in that the microprocessor control system contains at least two readers / input devices in the connection, one of which is located in the area of the compression device, and the other, for example, at the control point. 20. Installation according to claim 19, characterized in that the microprocessor control system comprises a memory means for recording process parameters, such as group speeds (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37 '37' ') and the distance between them. 21. Installation according to any one of paragraphs. 1 -20, characterized in that it contains means, for example an isotopic device, for determining the amount of fiber per unit area installed in front of the compression device (19). 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the means for determining the amount of fiber is connected to a fiber production device or to a microprocessor control system. 23. Installation according to any one of paragraphs. 1-22, characterized in that it contains a separation device (41) for separating the pulp into two or more subwebs installed between the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) and the installation for binding (25), and at least , one compression step (53, 54) for thickness compression and / or longitudinal compression of at least one sub-canvas and conveyors (47, 49, 50, 51) to prevent the release of compressed pulp between the compression step (19) and the installation for binding (25). 24. Installation according to claim 23, characterized in that at least the separation device (41) and the subsequent conveyor (49) are made with the possibility of vertical regulation in the region of the multilayer device (21). 25. Installation according to item 23 or 24, characterized in that the compression stage for compressing at least one sub-canvas contains at least two pairs of conveyors (53, 54), driven independently. 26. Installation according A.25, characterized in that the conveyor pairs (53, 54) are roller conveyors, and the distances between the rollers in them can be adjusted. 27. Installation according to any one of paragraphs.24-26, characterized in that it contains means (57) for the dosed supply of a binder to the mutually contacting surfaces of the sub-sheets. 28. Installation for the continuous production of bonded mineral sheet fiber from felt of mineral fibers or a mass of mineral fibers, containing a device for producing fibers for the production of fibrous felt, vehicles (19, 23) for transporting fibrous felt to the binding apparatus (25), to the installation for binding (25), installation for binding (25) of fibrous felt, a device of longitudinal or longitudinal compression thickness (19), located between the fiber production device and the device for binding (25), and means (61, 65) for preventing the exit of pulp between the compression device (19) and the installation for binding (25), characterized in that it contains a compression - optimization device with many conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35 , 37), and each pair of conveyors (31, 33, 35, 37) contains in each case two opposite rollers of two groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37 ', 37' '), in which each roller has a diameter between about 60 and 160 mm, preferably between 80 and 120 mm, and the distance between the rollers (39) is chosen so that the output of the fibrous howl a lock (20) is not possible, means for individually adjusting the peripheral speeds of the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) and means for adjusting the gaps between the opposite groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33 ', 33' '; 35 ', 35' '; 37 ', 37' ') of conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37). 29. Installation according to claim 28, characterized in that it contains motor means (117 ', 117``, 117' '', 117 '' '', 118 ', 118' ', 118' '', 118 '' ' ') to drive the rollers (39) of each group at substantially the same peripheral speed. 30. A method for the continuous production of a bonded sheet of mineral fiber by producing mineral fiber, longitudinal and / or thickness of compression of the pulp, followed by binding of the longitudinally compressed pulp in a binding unit (25), the pulp being held in place to prevent it from exiting between the compression device (19) and a binding apparatus (25), characterized in that longitudinal compression is carried out by passing the pulp through a compression device (1 9) containing a plurality of vehicles pairs of pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) arranged in series in the transport direction, each pair of conveyors (31, 33, 35, 37) in each case containing two opposite groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37', 37 ''), each of which has at least two separate rollers (39), so that the transport path for the pulp is formed by opposing groups of rollers (31 ' , 31 ''; 33 ', 33' '; 35', 35 ''; 37 ', 37' '), the rollers (39) of each group are driven at essentially the same peripheral speed by means of a motor means, attach to the group associated with it, and the peripheral speeds of the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) are individually controlled, while the peripheral speed of the rollers of at least one pair of conveyors (31, 33, 35, 37) is less than the circumferential the speed of the rollers of the previous or each previous pair of conveyors, and the distance between the opposite groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33 ', 33' '; 35 ', 35' '; 37 ', 37' ') of the conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35, 37) can be adjusted. 31. The method according to p. 30, characterized in that at least one of the groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37', 37 '') has a slope relative to the opposite group of rollers, for example, for the production of a fibrous web tapering in the direction of transportation. 32. The method according to item 30 or 31, characterized in that the pulp is compressed by a compression device (19) to approximately the nominal thickness of the final product. 33. The method according to any one of paragraphs.30-32, characterized in that before entering the compression device (19) the pulp is pre-compressed to about 0.8 to 1.5 nominal thickness, preferably from 0.9 to 1.3 and particularly preferably up to about the nominal thickness of the final product. 34. The method according to any one of paragraphs.30-33, characterized in that for the manufacture of products having a random orientation of the fibers, use a single-stage gradation of speed. 35. The method according to any one of paragraphs.30-34, characterized in that for the manufacture of products having a folded fiber structure, the gaps between the opposite groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' ') conveyor pairs (31, 33, 35) adjust to about 0.5 to 0.1 from the gaps between subsequent groups of rollers (33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37', 37 '') moreover, the transport path defined by two pairs of conveyors is essentially straightforward, and the peripheral speeds of at least groups of rollers (31 ', 31' '; 33', 33 ''; 35 ', 35' '; 37', 37 '') immediately following each other pairs of conveyors less better than the peripheral speed of the previous roller groups (31 ', 31' '). 36. The method according to any of paragraphs.30-35, characterized in that the pulp is expanded in the direction of transportation F after longitudinal compression. 37. The method according to any one of paragraphs.30-36, characterized in that the compression zone is moved at certain intervals. 38. The method according to any of paragraphs.30-37, characterized in that the pulp consists essentially of artificial glassy fibers, preferably mineral wool fibers, and contains a non-drying binder, which is dried by heating in a binding unit (25) . 39. The method according to any one of paragraphs.30-38, characterized in that during its holding, the pulp is formed by cross-lapping. 40. The method according to any one of paragraphs.30-39, characterized in that the pulp is longitudinally compressed in a compression device (19) with a coefficient of from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6, most preferably from 2.5 to 4. 41. The method according to any one of paragraphs.30-40, characterized in that the compressed in thickness and longitudinally fibrous mass is divided into two or more subwebs parallel to large surfaces, and to prevent deformation in the thickness direction, each subweave is supported for opposing large surfaces, at least one of the subwebs is compressed in the direction of thickness and / or longitudinally, and then these subwebs are combined and connected. 42. The method according to paragraph 41, wherein the binder is applied to the contacting surfaces of the sub-sheets before being joined. 43. The method according to paragraph 41 or 42, characterized in that the joined fabric is longitudinally compressed before binding. 44. Mineral fiber sheet obtained by the method according to any one of paragraphs. 30-43.