EA000022B1 - Design for producing cracked-glass tiles - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed apparatus for producing glass-silicate slabs is formed by a mold loader (I) being followed up with at least one preheating chamber (II) that is provided with gas burners (4) arranged on side walls (15) thereof. The gas burners (4) are directed below mold (9) bottoms (11) into a gap (10) whereby the molds (9) are located on projections (8) of a travel car (2). The preheating chamber (II) is provided in its arch (5) with ducts for exhaust of combustion products. On the preheating chamber (II) there are arranged one after another a chamber (III) of thermal shock, a chamber (IV) of controlled cooling, a chamber (V) of dwell and a cooling chamber (VI) having in its arch (5) arranged flat ducts (13) being interconnected through the mediation of heat-insulated piping (12) with said ducts (7).

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the production of decorative facing materials such as glass-silica by heat treatment of the original piece.

It is known a device for heat treatment of glass-silica, which is a gas panel oven-mold, in which heat treatment is carried out by successive movement of blanks in ceramic forms located on carts through furnace zones having different temperatures of a gas torch (ed. St. USSR № 579234).

This device has the following disadvantages. In each thermal zone of the burner are installed on both sides of the side walls of the tunnel furnace at a height of 120-180 mm from the surface of the molds, the workpiece is heated from the surface, and with a large temperature irregularity, which leads to a decrease in product quality, especially at the annealing stage, and not allows to obtain plates with a low level of residual stresses.

The closest to this invention essentially and the totality of the signs is a device for producing glass-silica plates containing modules for raw material loading, preheating, thermal shock, holding and cooling, as well as forms installed on trolleys that can be moved in modules and heaters (ed. St. USSR № 1546442). Heaters are made in the form of flat and ring inductors installed successively in succession in the preheating zone, and systems of combined inductors located in the area of thermal shock, and the chamber is equipped with a device for deepening the forms in the inductors.

This device has the following significant disadvantages. Forms must be made of a material with a high operating temperature. The use of induction heating greatly complicates the design and increases the cost of the process due to high energy consumption. During induction heating of the raw material, the melt must be present in the entire volume of the workpiece, which reduces the quality of the final product, since the lighter fractions float to the surface, forming various defects on it.

In the present invention, these drawbacks are eliminated by the fact that in the device for producing glass-grain plates containing the feedstock loading modules, preheating, thermal shock, holding, annealing, cooling, as well as molds mounted on carriages with the ability to move in modules, and heaters made in the form of gas burners installed in the side walls of the chamber of the preheating module below the bottom of the molds so that the gas flame is located in the gap between the bottom of the molds and the surface Strongly trolley, and in the roof of the preheating chamber module has channels for the exit of combustion products which are connected with the external insulated conduit pipe connected upstream flue channels located in the roof of the cooling unit chamber.

FIG. 1 shows a general line diagram with consecutive modules; in fig. 2 - pre-heating module design; in fig. 3 is a diagram of the location of the projections on the mobile carriage.

The line for the production of glass-silica plates contains successively located modules for loading raw materials 1, preheating 2, thermal shock 3, controlled annealing 4, extracts 5 and cooling 6. The heat chamber of preheating contains forms 7 with initial loading 8 located on a movable trolley 9. Flame flame 1 0 from the gas burners 11 is directed into the gap under the bottom of the molds, the chambers are insulated from the surrounding space by the walls 1 2, the moving carts are moved inside by means of moving mechanisms, placed in the roof insulation channels 1 to 3 for the flue gases. The protrusions 1 4 are made on the surface of the mobile carriage, on which the forms with the initial load are placed. Channels 13 are communicated by an external heat-insulated gas pipeline 1 3 with a flat-slot gas channel 1 6 located in the roof of the cooling module 6. The output of channel 1 6 is connected to the discharge pipe 1 7.

The line works as follows. Forms 7, located on movable carriages 9 in module 1, are loaded with raw material in one or several layers. The raw material is a granulated silica material, a battle of various glass, sand, etc. After loading the carriage with the forms, it is transferred to the preheating module 2 containing one or several chambers in which the bottom of the forms is heated by means of gas-flame torches 1 0. Time heating and temperature are chosen so that they are sufficient to eliminate gas inclusions from the initial load both from the intervals between the granules and newly formed as a result of chemical reactions. The sintering of the feedstock in the forms starts from the bottom to the surface, which ensures the displacement of gases through the surface of the initial load. Emitted gases are discharged through the exhaust ducts in the roof of the chamber. Then the carts with forms are moved to the thermal shock module, where intense heating of the surface layer of the workpiece takes place until a thin layer of the melt is produced and a mirror surface is formed. After that, the cart is located in the module exposure, where the temperature is maintained, providing the most favorable conditions for the crystallization of the surface and the germination of crystals in the inner layers of the plate. At the end of this process, the carts are moved to the controlled annealing module, where the process of responsible cooling of the plates from the upper annealing temperature to the lower one is carried out. Then the carts enter the cooling module, in which to preliminarily abruptly reduce the temperature, flat channels are placed in the vault for the circulation of hot gases sent to these channels from the preheating module. After cooling the molds with the plates, the carts exit the line to unload the finished products.

The advantages of the invention are as follows. The use of a preheating chamber of this design makes it possible to economically implement the sintering process with guaranteed elimination of gas inclusions, which significantly improves the quality of the plates and reduces the scrap rate. The secondary use of the products of combustion of the flares prevents the plates from cracking during the transition from annealing to cooling.

When materials with a higher sintering temperature are used as raw materials, the temperature of the flares in the preheating chambers increases, which leads to an increase in temperature in the cooling chambers. Thus, there is no need to use any additional means of regulating the cooling process.

Claims (1)

CLAIM A device for producing glass-silica plates containing modules for loading raw materials, preheating, thermal shock, holding, annealing, cooling, as well as forms installed on trolleys that can be moved in modules, and heaters, characterized in that the heaters are made in the form of gas burners, installed in the side walls of the preheating module chamber below the bottom of the forms, so that the gas flame is located in the gap between the bottom of the forms and the surface of the carriage, and in the vault of the mod A preheating channels for the exit of combustion products, which communicate with the external insulated conduit pipe connected upstream flue channels located in the roof of the cooling unit chamber.