DK3228797T3

DK3228797T3 - Align the sliding door

Info

Publication number: DK3228797T3
Application number: DK17165532.7T
Authority: DK
Inventors: Candido Luigi De
Original assignee: Elkuch Eisenring Ag
Priority date: 2016-04-08
Filing date: 2017-04-07
Publication date: 2019-04-23
Also published as: EP3228797A1; EP3228797B8; CH712328A1; EP3228797B1

Description

Sliding escape doer

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a sliding escape door for separating a tube of a traffic tunnel from an escape route according to the preamble of claim 1.

Prior art

Escape doors are known from the prior art which separate the tube of a traffic tunnel from escape routes. The separation is important here because in the escape routes during normal operation an excess pressure of approximately 50 to 80 Pa is present, if there is an incident, such as a tunnel fire, the excess pressure in the escape route is raised to 450 to 500 Pa, to keep the escape route free of smoke in case of fire.

Sliding doors are preferably used as escape doors, since if there is an incident the excess pressure acts perpendicularly to the direction of opening. This makes the sliding force for opening the escape door less than the opening force necessary for opening a conventional revolving door. But when the sliding door is opened if there is an incident a pressure equalisation between the two sides of the door necessarily takes place. The suction that occurs here acts against the opening force. As a result, sliding doors used as escape doors are very hard to open over the first 100 mm of the opening travel, since the pressure equalisation occurs during this opening travel.

Such sliding escape doors in tunnels also have an automatic closing mechanism, via which a counterweight pulls the sliding door shut. To brake the speed of the sliding door at the end of the closing operation, a hydraulic brake or a hydraulic run controller is provided, in which oil is compressed in a cylinder through constriction. The viscosity of the oil is temperature-dependent and so at low temperatures in a tunnel it may happen that the run controller prevents the sliding escape door from closing fully.

Object of the invention

Based on the disadvantages of the prior art described, the object behind the present invention is to improve a generic sliding escape door. It is particularly intended that this should always be closed automatically regardless of temperature or temperature fluctuations and, in normal operation and if there is an incident, be opened using little force.

Description

The stated object is achieved with a sliding escape door in that the run controller is implemented as a first pressure chamber of a pressure chamber of a pneumatic cylinder, from which air can discharge in a damped manner and in that the pneumatic cylinder as a result of the pressurisation of the first pressure chamber works as an actuator for opening the door panel. By damping the discharging of the air from the first pressure chamber, the closing speed of the door panel is damped. Since the air always Hows out of the first pressure chamber at the same speed irrespective of the tunnel temperature, the closing speed at which the counterweight pulls the door panel shut is independent of the temperature. Conversely, the use of hydraulic fluids for the damping, is temperature dependent, since the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid increases as the temperature decreases.

In addition, the pneumatic cylinder acts not only as an attenuator for the run control of the door panel but it also acts as an opening assistance for sliding the door panel in the opening direction. Therefore, the pneumatic cylinder is used to improve the opening and closing of the sliding escape door.

The invention is preferably characterised in that a compression spring is integrated into the pneumatic cylinder. The opening assistance, due to the compression spring being compressed in the closed state of the door panel, is immediately available at the start of the sliding of the door panel in the opening direction. The compression spring boosts the opening assistance at the stab of the opening travel, when the opening force is at its maximum due to the suction. When after approximately 100 mm the compression spring has fully extended, the suction effect will also have declined due to the increase in size of the aperture, it has proven expedient if the pneumatic cylinder comprises a cylinder housing, a piston and a piston rod, wherein the piston rod connected to the door panel is retracted, when the door panel is in the closed position. This allows the door panel to be pushed open as the piston rod extends.

Expediently, the cylinder housing is stationary and the piston rod together with the door panel is displaceable. This arrangement leads to a reliable opening assistance and an effective closing damping with just one actuator.

The invention is also preferably characterised in that the compression spring in the compressed state can operate with a first auxiliary force of from 7 to 13 N and preferably from 9 to 11 N in the opening direction of the door panel. The opening force is sufficiently boosted by the compression spring and the spring can despite this be compressed by the counterweight, until the door panel is fully closed. In normal operation, it only low excess pressure is present in the escape route, the first auxiliary force can be sufficient to open the sliding door with low force. The auxiliary force of the first pressure chamber is not then needed for opening the sliding door. in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, in the first pressure chamber a second auxiliary force of 80 to 500 N and preferably of 100 to 450 N can be generated, which can act in the opening direction of the door panel. The opening force, which is needed to push open the door panel, can be reduced by this second auxiliary force to below 50 N. Thus, even if there is an incident with maximum suction effect, the door panel can be easily pushed open. The level of the second auxiliary force can be adjusted for the excess pressure prevailing in the escape route if there is an incident. The greater the excess pressure, the greater the second auxiliary force must also be, in order io compensate for the suction effect when opening the sliding door.

An air compressor preferably supplies a pressure tank, which is able to fill the first pressure chamber at least 10 times without itself needing to be refilled. Therefore, the opening assistance remains effective even if there is a power outage, in particular if there is an incident which might lead to a power outage, this results in an increase in the safety and reliability of the sliding escape door according to the invention. Expediently, the second auxiliary force is adjustable by a pressure regulator which regulates the pressure in the pressure tank. The second auxiliary force can be made conditional on the air pressure in the pressure tank. It is also conceivable for the pressure regulator to allow' more or less compressed air to flow from the pressure tank info the first pressure chamber as a function of the excess pressure prevailing in the escape route. in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first pressure chamber has an airflow connection with a first air inlet valve and a throttle check valve acting as a first air discharge valve. Providing valves allows the opening assistance and closing speed to be precisely adjusted, irrespective of the size and weight of the door panel, the suction effect and the temperature, the desired opening and closing parameters can be rapidly set.

Expediently, the air throughput of the throttle check valves is adjustable. This allows the desired closing speed to be precisely implemented. Therefore, due to the accurate adjustment possibilities for the throttle check valve and the automatic closing operation brought about by the counterweight, the sliding door cannot be left open. In addition, the size of the counterweight can be optimised by a suitable choice of weight plates.

To further optimise the adjustability, the pneumatic cylinder comprises a second pressure chamber, which is physically separated by the piston from the first pressure chamber and has an airflow connection with a second air inlet valve and a second air discharge valve. The second air inlet and air discharge valve allow the piston rod to be extended and retracted with as little resistance as possible, without contamination being sucked into the second pressure chamber. But it is also conceivable for the air throughput of these second valves to be adjustable, to optimise the opening and closing movement of the door panel. it has proven advantageous if the door panel comprises a tilt handle, operation of which brings about the filling of the first pressure chamber with compressed air and removes a release pin. in this way, the second auxiliary force is immediately available when the door panel is pushed open. As opening commences, the auxiliary force overcomes the initial friction, which is caused by the increased air pressure on the escape route side. When the suction effect is at its greatest, after the sliding door has been opened by approximately 50 to 100 mm, the first and second auxiliary force are also close to their maximum. The auxiliary forces drop as the door continues to open, since the volume of the first pressure chamber increases and the compression spring relaxes. The suction effect abates as the sliding door opens further. The decrease in the auxiliary forces does not pose any problem, since the force necessary/ for opening the sliding door also drops as the aperture increases.

Expediently, the first pressure chamber can be pressurised as a function of the air pressure in the escape route, in this way the opening force is available as a function of the excess pressure in the escape route or the level of the suction effect and can therefore be held constant independently of external parameters. in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the controller for sliding the door panel between the two positions is a pneumatic controller and is independent of any power supply. The design of the pneumatic controller is preferably fully and purely mechanical. The door panel can therefore be opened in the event of a power outage by using the first and second auxiliary force. in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary force, acting in the opening direction of the door panel, is formed by the first auxiliary force or the sum of the first and the second auxiliary force. In normal operation, the first auxiliary force, acting through the expansion of the compression spring, can be sufficient on its own to satisfactorily facilitate the opening of the door panel, in this case, the first pressure chamber does not have to be pressurised with compressed air. If there is an incident, the first and the second auxiliary force are required to ensure adequate support for opening the door panel.

Further advantages and features are indicated by the following description of an exemplary embodiment by reference to the schematic representations. These show, not to scale, as follows:

Fig. 1: A front overall view of a sliding escape door;

Fig. 2: A sectional view of the closed sliding escape door with a pneumatic cylinder built into the sliding door;

Fig. 3: An axonometric detailed view of the pneumatic cylinder from Fig. 2 built into the sliding door;

Fig. 4; A frontal view of a detail of the sliding door in the open position;

Fig. 5: A first axonometric detailed view of the pneumatic cylinder with the sliding door open;

Fig. 8: A second axonometric detailed view of the pneumatic cylinder with the sliding door open; and

Fig. 7: A cross section through the sliding escape door.

Figs. 1 io 7 show a sliding escape door, designated in its entirety by the reference numeral 11. The sliding escape door 11 comprises a door panel 13, displaceable between an open position and a closed position. The door panel 13 closes off an escape route from the tube of a traffic tunnel. The door panel 13 runs along a slide rail 15. in normal operation a lower excess pressure prevails in the escape route than in the tunnel tube. But, if there is an incident, by way of example if a fire breaks out or smoke develops in the tunnel tube, then the air pressure in the escape route increases. As a result, when the door panel is opened smoke is driven out of the escape route. To ensure that the smoke is reliably driven out the excess pressure in the escape route is increased from approximately 50 Pa to between 450 and 500 Pa. When the door panel is opened, during the first 100 mm of the displacement path, air is sucked between the escape route and the tunnel tube. If the door panel 13 is opened further, then the air pressure drops and the air suction abates relatively quickly. The air suction means that an opening force of up to 120 N is required. Not all users of a tunnel can be expected to deliver such a high opening force. In addition, such a high opening force can have the further disadvantage of leading to panic behaviour among the persons escaping.

The sliding escape door 11 according to the invention therefore has an opening assistance, which keeps the opening force below 50 N both in normal operation and if there is an incident. To this end, along the slide rail 15 a pneumatic cylinder 17 is provided. The pneumatic cylinder 17 comprises a cylinder housing 19. in the cylinder housing 19 a piston 21 and a piston rod 23 secured thereto are able to displace. The pneumatic cylinder 17 performs three tasks and is able to meet the demands of normal operation and if there is an incident. in the pneumatic cylinder 17 a first pressure chamber 25 is provided, facing away from the piston rod 23. The first pressure chamber 25 acts as a run controller, controlling the closing speed of the door panel 13 during closing. The open door panel 13 is pulled shut by a counterweight 27, which when the door panel is opened is raised against the force of gravity. The free end 29 of the piston rod 23 has a fixed connection with the door panel 13. When the door panel 13 is opened, via a first air inlet valve 31, air is sucked into the first pressure chamber 25, in that the piston 21 and the piston rod 23 are drawn from the cylinder housing 19. If the door panel 13 is automatically closed by the failing counterweight 27, then the piston rod 23 and the piston 21 are pushed by the door panel 13 into the cylinder housing 19, in doing so the air present in the first pressure chamber 25 is pushed through a first air discharge valve 33 and is damped in the precess. The first air discharge valve 33 is configured as an adjustable throttle check valve. The quantity of air emerging is therefore adjustable, as a result of which the door panel is closed in a damped manner. By adjusting the flow rate of the air leaving the valve 33 the dosing speed of the door panel can be set. Unlike a hydraulic fluid, the compressed air is almost independent of temperature, This has the advantage that the flow rate of the air leaving the pneumatic cylinder 17 is independent of the temperature in the tunnel tube. With a hydraulic brake fluid, on the other hand, the closing speed of the door panel 13 changes. At low temperatures in the tunnel tube this can actually lead to the viscosity of a hydraulic fluid increasing to such an extent that the door panel no longer fully closes. The pneumatic cylinder 17, on the other hand, ensures that the door panel 13, independently of the prevailing temperature, is always closed at the same speed.

The opening assistance is firstly implemented by means of a compression spring 35, which acts in particular in the first 100 mm of the opening travel of the door panel 13 and constitutes a first auxiliary force. The compression spring 35 is integrated into the first pressure chamber 25 and in the closed position of the door panel 13 is compressed by the piston 21. When the door panel 13 is opened by sliding in the opening direction the compression spring 35 pushes at the start of relaxation with an opening assistance or auxiliary force of approximately 10 N. The compressed compression spring is preferably released by operation of a tilt handle 36. The tilt handle 36 opens a release pin, as a result of which the door panel 13 is released and the compression spring 35 helps the door panel 13 to push open. In normal operation the relaxation of the compression spring 35 is usually sufficient to keep the opening force below a certain limit.

For a greater opening force, needed in particular if there is an incident, the compressive force of the compression spring 35 is too low to provide sufficient opening force. Therefore, in the pneumatic cylinder 17 a further, stronger opening assistance is incorporated, which constitutes a second auxiliary force.

An air compressor 37 delivers compressed air to an air reservoir (pressure tank) 39. Compressed air is drawn from the air reservoir 39, to activate the further opening assistance. The air reservoir 39 is dimensioned such that in the air reservoir 39 sufficient compressed air is available to operate the further opening assistance at least 10 times, without the air reservoir 39 having to be refilled. Therefore, the further opening assistance functions even if the compressor 37 is not producing compressed air duo to a power outage.

The compressed air is able to fiow from the air reservoir 39 into the first pressure chamber 25 and pushes the piston 21 and the piston rod 23 in the opening direction of the door panel 13. If there is an incident, involving the presence of an excess pressure of approximately 500 Pa in the escape route, the opening force is lowered by the further opening assistance from 120 N to less than 50 N.

Operation of the sliding escape door 11 is as follows: Firstly, an escaping person operates the tilt handle 38, This generates a pulse in the compressed air line and compressed air flows from the air reservoir 39 into the first pressure chamber 25. At the same time the tilt handle 38 removes the release pin, such that the compression spring 35 is able to extend in the opening direction. The compression spring 35 acts as an opening assistance until it has fully extended. The compression spring 35 acts in the first 100 mm of the opening travel of the door panel 13. The compressed air flowing into the first pressure chamber 25 and the compression spring 35 push the piston 21 in the opening direction and the piston rod 23 out of the cylinder housing 19. The door panel 13 is secured to the free end 29 of the piston rod and is pushed by the piston rod 23 in the opening direction. During the opening movement the first pressure chamber 25 expands. A second pressure chamber 41 is physically separated by the piston 21 from the first pressure chamber 25. The second pressure chamber 41 is formed by the cylinder housing 19 and the piston side, which faces towards the piston rod 23. During the displacement of the door panel 13 in the opening direction the second pressure chamber 41 contracts. The second pressure chamber 41 has an airflow connection with a second air discharge valve 43. The air can be blown via the second air discharge valve 43 from the second pressure chamber 41. The second air discharge valve 43 can conceivably damp the air discharge. Should the opening force, for example in normal operation, be too great, this can be reduced by the second air discharge valve. During opening of the door panel 13 the counterweight 27, which is connected to the door panel 13 by a rope 45, is pulled upwards against the force of gravity. if an escaping person lets go of the tilt handle 36, then the counterweight 27 fails in the direction of gravity and pulls the door panel 13 into the closed position. The piston rad 23 is pushed into the cylinder housing 19. In the process, the first pressure chamber 25 shrinks and the second pressure chamber 41 expands. The air in the first pressure chamber 25 is damped by the throttle check valve 33 and compressed air must overcome a resistance. This damps the closing speed of the door panel 13. The resistance is adjustable on the throttle check valve 33, in order to achieve the appropriate closing speed. Air is drawn into the second pressure chamber 41 via a second air inlet valve 47. This preferably takes place with the lowest possible resistance. But it is also conceivable for the air to be sucked against an adjustable resistance into the second air discharge valve 43, as a result of which the door panel 13 is damped further during closing.

Legend: 11 Sliding escape door 13 Door panel 15 Slide rail 17 Pneumatic cylinder 19 Cylinder housing 21 Piston 23 Piston rod 25 First pressure chamber 27 Counterweight 29 Free end of the piston rod 31 First air inlet valve 33 First air discharge valve, throttle check valve 35 Compression spring 36 Tilt handle 37 Air compressor 39 Ar reservoir, pressure tank 41 Second pressure chamber 43 Second air discharge valve 45 Rope 47 Second air inlet valve

Claims

A flight sliding door (11) for separating a pipe in a traffic tunnel from an escape route, said flight sliding door comprising: - a door leaf (13) which can be displaced between an open position and a closed position, - a running rail (15) along which the door leaf (13) can be displaced between the two positions, - a counterweight (27) by which the door leaf (13) can be pulled from the open position to the closed position, and - a running regulator (17) which can brake the door leaf (13) below closure by means of the counterweight (25), characterized in that the runner regulator is implemented by a first pressure chamber (25) of a pneumatic cylinder (17) from which air can be regulatedly released and the pneumatic cylinder (17) acts as an actuator for opening of the door leaf (13) as a result of the pressure load of the first pressure chamber (25).

Sliding door according to claim 1, characterized in that a compression spring (35) is integrated into the first pressure chamber of the pneumatic cylinder (17).

Sliding door according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder (17) comprises a cylinder housing (19), a piston (21) and a piston rod (23), wherein the piston rod (23) connected to the door leaf (13) is retracted when the door leaf (13) is in the closed position.

Sliding door according to claim 3, characterized in that the cylinder housing (19) is stationary and the piston rod (23) can be displaced together with the door leaf (13).

Sliding door according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the compression spring (35) can act in the compressed state with a first auxiliary force of 7 to 13 N and preferably 9 to 11 Ni the opening direction of the door leaf (13).

Sliding door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second auxiliary force of 80 to 500 N and preferably 100 to 450 N can be generated in the first pressure chamber (25) which can act in the opening direction of the door leaf (13 ).

Sliding door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compressed air compressor (37) supplies a pressure accumulator (39) which can fill the first pressure chamber (25) at least ten times without having to be refilled.

Sliding door according to claim 7, characterized in that the second auxiliary force can be adjusted by means of a pressure regulator which regulates the pressure in the pressure accumulator (39).

Sliding door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first pressure chamber (25) is air-conductively connected to a first air inlet valve (31) and a throttle control valve (33) as a first air outlet valve.

Sliding door according to claim 9, characterized in that the air flow velocity of the throttle check valve (33) is adjustable.

Sliding door according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder (17) comprises a second pressure chamber (41) which is spatially separated from the first pressure chamber (25) by the piston (21), and which is air conductive to another air inlet valve (47) and another air outlet valve (43).

Sliding door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door leaf (13) comprises a rocker handle (36), the activation of which causes filling of the first pressure chamber (25) with compressed air and release of a release button.

Sliding door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first pressure chamber (25) can be pressurized depending on the air pressure in the escape route.

Sliding door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control for displacing the door leaf (13) between the two positions is a pneumatic control and is independent of a power supply.

Sliding door according to any one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the auxiliary force acting in the opening direction of the door leaf (13) is formed either from the first auxiliary force or the sum of the first and second auxiliary forces.