DK3055105T3 - CONTROL ORGANIZATION DRIVER TOOLS INCLUDING A REVERSE TRIGGER - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Field of the invention [0001] The invention relates to processes for the conversion of biomass into carbohydrates, notable fermentable sugars. It provides methods for increasing the yield of enzymatic digestion of a biomass, in particular in those cases where cellulose is converted into sugars, using a mixture of cellulose-degrading enzymes and a laccase, which is the Bacillus spore coat protein CotA.

Background of the invention [0002] Cellulose and lignin from plants are among the most prominent renewable carbon sources. These molecules are comprised in plants as lignocellulose structures; fibers of cellulose polymers entangled in a network of lignin polymers. Lignocellulose is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin may make up to 25% of the lignocellulosic biomass. For fermentable sugar production, Miscanthus grass species, wood chips and the byproducts of lawn and tree maintenance are some of the more popular lignocellulosic materials. Corn stover, Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) and Miscanthus are the major biomass materials being studied today, due to their high productivity per acre. Cellulose, however, is contained in nearly every natural, free-growing plant, tree, and bush, in meadows, forests, and fields all over the world without agricultural effort or cost needed to make it grow.

[0003] The cellulose fraction of various lignocelluloses is a uniform structure consisting of β-1,4 linked glucose units. However, the biodegradability of cellulose may vary between plants, depending on the strength of association of the cellulose with other plant compounds. The composition and proportion of hemicellulose and lignin are highly dependent on the nature of the material. There is more lignin in softwoods (for example, spruce) than in hardwoods (for example, willow) or agricultural residues (for example, wheat straw or sugarcane bagasse), which makes softwood a particularly challenging material for ethanol production. The major hemicellulose component of hardwood and agricultural residues is xylan, while that of softwood is mostly mannan.

[0004] There are essentially two ways of producing ethanol from cellulose. First there are cellulolysis processes which consist of hydrolysis of sometimes pretreated lignocellulosic materials, using enzymes to break complex cellulose into simple sugars such as glucose, followed by fermentation and distillation. Second, there is also gasification that transforms the lignocellulosic raw material into gaseous carbon monoxide and hydrogen. These gases can then be converted to ethanol by fermentation or chemical catalysis.

[0005] The process involving cellulolysis can typically be divided into several stages: first, there may be a "pretreatment" phase, to make the lignocellulosic material such as wood or straw more amenable to hydrolysis. A hydrolysis (the actual cellulolysis) step, to break down the molecules into sugars followed by the separation of the sugar solution from the residual materials, notably lignin, followed by microbial fermentation of the sugar solution and distillation to produce roughly 95% pure alcohol.

[0006] Although lignocellulose is the most abundant plant material resource, its susceptibility has been curtailed by its rigid structure. As the result, an effective pretreatment is needed to liberate the cellulose from the lignin seal and its crystalline structure so as to render it accessible for a subsequent hydrolysis step. By far, most pretreatments are done through physical or chemical means.

[0007] Physical pretreatment is often called size reduction to reduce biomass physical size. Chemical pretreatment is to remove chemical barriers so the enzymes can have access to cellulose for enzymatic destruction.

[0008] To date, the available pretreatment techniques include acid hydrolysis, steam explosion, ammonia fiber expansion, organosolve, sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose, alkaline wet oxidation and ozone pretreatment.

[0009] In acid-catalyzed pretreatment, the major part of the hemicellulose is degraded, and the cellulose has to be hydrolyzed by the use of cellulases, whereas in alkali-catalyzed pretreatment, part of the lignin is removed, and in addition to cellulases, hemicellulases are also needed to hydrolyze the remaining polysaccharides.

[0010] The complete hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose requires a well-designed cocktail of enzymes consisting of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, β-glucosidases, xylanases, mannanases and various enzymes acting on side chains of xylans and mannans.

[0011] Due to the recalcitrant structure of lignocelluloses, a pretreatment step may be required prior to enzymatic hydrolysis in order to make the cellulose more accessible to the enzymes. Despite of the above developments, most pretreatment processes are not effective when applied to feedstocks with high lignin content, such as forest biomass. The present invention addresses this problem.

Summary of the invention [0012] We found that a Bacillus subtilis spore coat protein termed CotA could greatly improve the yield of the enzymatic digestion of lignocellulose material. The invention therewith relates to a method for producing a fermentable sugar from a lignocellulosic material wherein the lignocellulosic material is contacted with a laccase and a mixture of cellulose-degrading enzymes either simultaneously or in a sequentially deferred fashion, wherein the laccase is the Bacillus spore coat protein CotA.

[0013] Also provided herein is an isolated nucleic acid encoding a protein useful in the above method, the protein having laccase activity and a primary amino acid sequence that is at least 93% identical with the sequence of COT1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2, WO 2013/038062)). The description also provides an isolated polypeptide having laccase activity encoded by an isolated DNA sequence as described above or an isolated polypeptide having laccase activity with a primary amino acid sequence that is at least 93% identical with the sequence of COT1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2).

Detailed description of the invention [0014] We surprisingly found that the yield of an enzymatic process for producing fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic material may greatly be improved when a Bacillus spore coat protein called CotA is added to the lignocellulosic material together or in a sequentially deferred fashion with a mixture of cellulose-degrading enzymes. In a series of experiments we were able to show that this CotA protein outperformed other laccases, both from bacterial and fungal origin.

[0015] Furtado et al., Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 26: 15 - 23 (2013) describe a recombinant bifunctional enzyme created by fusing two bacillus subtilis enzymes: the beta-1,3-1,4 glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73) and a CotA laccase (EC 1.10.3.2). The fusion enzyme showed both laccase and glucanase activity. However, an improved sugar release from milled sugarcane bagasse could only be shown when ABTS was added to the reaction mixture.

[0016] Moilanen et al., Enzyme and Microbial Technology 49 (2011) 492-498 discloses the use of lignin-modifying enzymes such as laccases in conjunction with cellulases in order to modify or partially remove lignin from biomass. It exemplifies the use of Cerrena unicolor PM 170798 (FBCC 387) laccase and a laccase from Trametes hirsuta VTT D-443. Cerrena and Trametes are both species of the kingdom of Fungi.

[0017] Hence, the description provides a method for producing a fermentable sugar from a lignocellulosic material wherein the lignocellulosic material is incubated with a laccase and a mixture of cellulose-degrading enzymes, either simultaneously or in a sequentially deferred fashion, wherein the laccase is the Bacillus spore coat protein CotA.

[0018] Examples of a lignocellulosic material that may advantageously be treated with the methods as described herein, include materials comprising corn stovers, bioenergy crops, agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, yard waste, wood and forestry waste, sugar cane, switchgrass, wheat straw, hay, barley, barley straw, rice straw, grasses, waste paper, sludge or byproducts from paper manufacture, corn grain, corn cobs, corn husks, wheat, sugar cane bagasse, sorghum, soy, trees, branches, wood chips, sawdust and any combination thereof.

[0019] Also provided herein is a method as described above wherein the lignocellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of corn stovers, bioenergy crops, agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, industrial solid waste, yard waste, wood and forestry waste, sugar cane, switchgrass, wheat straw, hay, barley, barley straw, rice straw, grasses, waste paper, sludge or byproducts from paper manufacture, corn grain, corn cobs, corn husks, grasses, wheat, wheat straw, hay, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse, sorghum, soy, trees, branches, wood chips, sawdust and any combination thereof.

[0020] The term lignocellulosic material refers to a material that comprises (1) cellulose, hemicellulose, or a combination and (2) lignin. Throughout this disclosure, it is understood that cellulose may refer to cellulose, hemicellulose, or a combination thereof. Cellulase may refer to cellulase, hemi-cellulase, or a combination thereof.

[0021] We also found that the action of a multitude of cellulose degrading enzymes could be improved. Provided herein is a method as described above, wherein the mixture of cellulosedegrading enzymes is selected from the group consisting of cellulase; hemi-cellulase; [beta] 1-4 endoglucanases (E.C. 3.2.1.4), [beta] 1-4 exoglucanases (E.C. 3.2.1.9.1), [beta]-glucosidases (E.C. 3.2.1.2.1), endoxylanase, and combinations thereof.

[0022] Cellulose-degrading enzymes are known in the art and commercially available. They are usually offered in combination preparations, for example, CELLIC CTEC3™ or CTEC2™ preparations (from Novozymes, Denmark) which are compositions of enzymes comprising cellulases, [beta]-glucosidases and hemi-cellulase; or CELLIC HTEC3™ or HTEC2™ (also from Novozymes, Denmark) which is a composition of enzymes comprising endoxylanase and cellulase.

[0023] In an alternative method the CotA laccase is added to the lignocellulose material together with or before the cellulose-degrading enzymes. In another alternative, the method may be employed to increase the yield of fermentable sugars obtained from a lignocellulose with a high content of lignin.

[0024] In certain processes, the temperature of the biomass or lignocellulosic material to be treated may be in excess of the enzyme inactivation temperature. Since a high temperature may inactivate enzymes by denaturing its amino acid chain, the enzymes may advantageously be added to the biomass at a point below the enzyme inactivation temperature. The enzymes may be added within the functional temperature range(s) or at the optimal temperature(s) of the enzyme. To save energy, the enzymes may be added after the biomass has cooled below the inactivation temperature and that the enzymatic process is completed sufficiently before the temperature has dropped below the optimal functional temperature of the enzyme. Naturally, it is also an option to maintain a desired temperature by cooling or heating the biomass or lignocellulosic material. Adding a dilution liquid, such as water at a certain temperature, may be used to cool the biomass.

[0025] In an alternative method, the enzyme pretreatment process may be performed at a specific temperature such as, for example at from 30 degrees C to 60 degrees C; 40 degrees C to 55 degrees C; or 45 degrees C to 50 degrees C, or at room temperature or lower.

[0026] The contacting of the biomass with the enzymes can be performed for a period of time up to one day. While longer enzymatic digestions are possible, a shorter period of time such as 60 minutes, 10 hours, 20 hours, 30 hours, 40 hours, 60 hours or 72 hours or any time less than these values or any time between any of two of these values may be used for practical or economic reasons. In another alternative method, the enzymatic digestions can take 50, 100, 150 or 200 hours or any time less than these values or any time between any of two of these values. See, e.g., the examples section. In one alternative, a preferred period of enzyme contact is about 3 days or less.

[0027] In a method as described herein, the lignocellulose material may advantageously be pretreated. The term "pretreated" as used herein refers to a treament that occurs before the enzymatic treatment, either laccases or cellulose-degrading enzymes or both. Pretreatment may consist of a steam treatment, such as a dilute acid steam treatment or a steam explosion treatment is applied to the biomass or lignocellulose material. One of the goals of the steam treatment is to depolymerize the lignin in the biomass to a sufficient extent to allow an enzyme or mixture of enzymes to convert the cellulose and hemi-cellulose in the biomass into less complex sugars in a subsequent step.

[0028] Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are enzymes having a wide taxonomic distribution and belonging to the group of multicopper oxidases. Laccases are eco-friendly catalysts, which use molecular oxygen from air to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic lignin-related compounds as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants, and produce water as the only side-product. These natural "green" catalysts are used for diverse industrial applications including the detoxification of industrial effluents, mostly from the paper and pulp, textile and petrochemical industries, use as bioremediation agent to clean up herbicides, pesticides and certain explosives in soil. Laccases are also used as cleaning agents for certain water purification systems. In addition, their capacity to remove xenobiotic substances and produce polymeric products makes them a useful tool for bioremediation purposes.

[0029] Laccases were originally discovered in fungi, they are particularly well studied in White- rot fungi and Brown-rot fungi. Later on, laccases were also found in plants and bacteria. Laccases have broad substrate specificity; though different laccases can have somewhat different substrate preferences. Main characteristic of laccase enzyme is its redox potential, and according to this parameter all laccases can be divided in three groups (see, for example, Morozova, O. V., Shumakovich, G. R, Gorbacheva, M. a., Shleev, S. V., &amp; Yaropolov, a. I. (2007). "Blue" laccases. Biochemistry (Moscow), 72(10), 1136-1150. doi: 10.1134/S0006297907100112): high redox potential laccases (0.7-0.8 V), medium redox potential laccases (0.4-0.7 V) and low redox potential laccases (<0.4V). It is believed that low redox potential limits the scope of substrates which the enzyme can possibly oxidize, and vice versa. All high redox potential laccases and the upper part of the medium redox potential laccases are fungal laccases. Industrial application of laccases is mostly if not entirely relying on fungal laccases.

[0030] CotA is a bacterial laccase and is a component of the outer coat layers of bacillus endospore. It is a 65-kDa protein encoded by the cotAgene (Martins, 0., Soares, M., Pereira, Μ. M., Teixeira, M., Costa, T., Jones, G. H., &amp; Henriques, A. O. (2002). Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of a Highly Stable Bacterial Laccase That Occurs as a Structural Component of the Bacillus subtilis Endospore Coat. Biochemistry, 277(21), 18849 -18859. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200827200). CotA belongs to a diverse group of multi-copper "blue" oxidases that includes the laccases. This protein demonstrates high thermostability, and resistance to various hazardous elements in accordance with the survival abilities of the endospore. The redox-potential of this protein has been reported to be around 0.5 mV, which places it in the range of medium-redox-potential laccases.

[0031] In terms of primary structure, laccases are divers. In many cases laccases may have no significant sequence homology at all to other members of multi-copper oxidases.

[0032] CotA laccases represent a rather compact and well defined group of sequences. We performed Blast search of sequences from the Protein databank (http://blast.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastp&amp;BLAST_PROG RAM S=blast p&amp;PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch&amp;SHOW_DEFAULTS=on&amp;LINK_LOC=blasthome) having homology to a preferred sequences of this patent application termed COT1 protein (SEQ ID NO: 1) and COT2 protein (SEQ ID NO: 2).

[0033] This search revealed a highly compact group of sequences showing between 98% and 91% identity to the COT2 sequence. Another group of sequences consisted exclusively of Bacillus species spore coat laccases, which had an identity between 78% and 82% to the COT1 sequence.

[0034] CN102154150 discloses a Bacillus subtilis WN01 laccase (CGMCC No.4265), its nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) and its amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2). SEQ ID NO: 2 of CN 102154150 is 97% identical with COT1 of the present application (SEQ ID NO: 1) and 99% identical with COT2 of the present application (SEQ ID NO: 2).

[0035] In the group of sequences with an identity of 60% or higher, all sequences were spore coat proteins from Bacillus species, products of corresponding CotA genes.

[0036] Alignment of COTA laccase, GenBank: BAA22774.1 with fungal Trametes versicolor laccase (GenBank: CAA77015) using "Blast 2 sequences" online resource (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PAGE=Proteins&amp;PROGRAM=blastp&amp;BLAST_P ROGRAMS=blastp&amp;PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch&amp;BLAST_SPEC=blast2seq) shows that only 54% of the sequence length could be aligned with an identity in the aligned section of 22%. Alignment of COT2 (SEQ ID NO: 2, a preferred CotA enzyme) to another bacterial laccase -CuEO from E.coli (zip_03034325.1) showed 29% identity. So it can be said that CotA laccase has no significant identity or homology to other laccases.

[0037] For the purpose of this invention, CotA is defined herein as an isolated protein with laccase activity with a primary amino acid structure that is at least 60% identical to the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. Preferably, CotA has a primary structure that is at least 60% identical to the sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2, such as at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or even 100%.

[0038] The description also provides enzymes and methods for its use. Hence, the description also provides a method as described above wherein the CotA laccase has a primary amino acid structure that is at least 60% identical to the sequence of COT1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2). In a further improvement of the method, the CotA laccase is COT1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2).

[0039] The description also provides an isolated nucleic acid encoding a protein having laccase activity and a primary amino acid sequence that is at least 93% identical with the sequence of COT1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2).

[0040] The description also provides an isolated polypeptide having laccase activity encoded by an isolated DNA sequence as described above. The description also provides an isolated polypeptide having laccase activity with a primary amino acid sequence that is at least 60% identical with the sequence of COT 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2).

Legend to the figure [0041] Figure 1 Effect of laccases on reducing sugar yield from lignocellulosic biomass. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic material (old corrugated cardboard) was performed using commercial cellulase cocktail for biofuel applications under recommended conditions, with or without laccases. Laccases were added (as indicated) at the concentration 1 ukat/g (60 units/g) of dry substrate, directly to the hydrolysis mixtures together with cellulases. Following laccases were used: "Fungal laccase 1" from Trametes versicolor, "fungal laccase 2" from Pleurotus ostreatus, and "CotA" spore coat protein from Bacillus subtilis. Reducing sugar yields were determined by DNS-method. Yield of the control reaction without laccase, ("cellulase") was taken as 100% and the relative yields for the corresponding samples containing laccases were calculated.

Examples

Example 1:Effect of different laccases on sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic substrate.

[0042] Pieces ofold corrugated cardboard were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. We carried out parallel experiments where hydrolysis of cellulose was performed in the absence of laccase or in the presence of one of the three laccases: 1.(1) Spore coat protein from Bacillus subtilis CotA (COT2 (SEQ ID NO:2, recombinantly expressed in E.coli), (2) commercially available fungal laccase from from white-rot-fungi Trametes versicolor (available from Sigma-Aldrich), and (3) laccase from white-rot-fungi Pleurotus ostreatus recombinantly expressed in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Piscitelli, A., Giardina, R, Mazzoni, C., &amp; Sannia, G. (2005). Recombinant expression of Pleurotus ostreatus laccases in Kluyveromyces lactis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 69(4), 428-39. doi:10.1007/s00253-005-0004-z).

[0043] Pieces of old corrugated cardboard were pre-treated with 0,5 % NaOH at 15 % consistency (consistency means percentage of dry matter in the slurry, w/v) for 1 h at 90 degrees Celcius, then the material was washed with water, dried, and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at 5% consistency in 100 mM Succinic acid (pH 5.0).

[0044] Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was carried out using commercially available cellulase cocktail for biofuel applications, CMAX (Alternafuel) from Diadick using manufacturer recommended concentration of cellulases.

[0045] All laccases were used at concentration 1 microkatal/g (60 units/g, of dry feedstock. One katal is defined as the amount of enzyme needed to convert 1 mole of substrate (ABTS) in 1 sec. A catalytic unit is defined as the amount of enzyme needed to convert 1 micromole of substrate (ABTS) in 1 min) and added directly to the hydrolysis reaction.

[0046] Hydrolysis was carried out at 60 degrees Celsius for 72 h. After the hydrolysis, reducing sugar levels were determined by Dinitrosalicylic Acid Method (DNS method, Sadasivam S., Manickam A., "Carbohydrates'' in Biochemical methods, New Age Internatioal Ltd Publishers, 2nd edition, 2005, p.6).

[0047] The results are shown in figure 1. We observed a large increase in yield when the lignocellulosic material was incubated simultaneously with CotA and the cellulase enzymes. An increase of approximately 250% was achieved in comparison to cellulases combined with white-rot-fungi Trametes versicolor or laccase from white-rot-fungi Pleurotus ostreatus. Very similar results were obtained when the laccase treatment was performed before the cellulase treatment.

Example 2: Enzvmatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic feedstocks [0048] Enzymatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic feedstocks was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of CotA laccase treatment on sugar yield (Table 1).

[0049] The following ligno-cellulosic substrates were used:

Steam exploded wheet straw : steam explosion was performed in a steam explosion instrument at 200 degrees Celsius for 2.5 min, the slurry after steam explosion was washed with water and dried. Old corrugated cardboard was treated with 0,5 % NaOH at 15 % consistency for 1 h at 90 degrees Celsius, then the material was washed with water and dried. Eucalyptus pulp is pulp (wood fibers) obtained by chemical pulping (kraft pulping) and collected after bleaching step. It is practically pure cellulose fibers with small traces of lignin.Blow pulp Soft wood (Spruce) and Blow pulp, Hard wood (birch) are pulps (wood fibers) obtained by chemical pulping (kraft pulping) collected before bleaching step from the Blow tank which drys pulp after chemical cooking. These pulps contain about 3% lignin and 97% cellulose. Pine pulp is pulp obtained from pine by thermomechanical pulping process, it was collected before bleaching and contains about 25% lignin and 75% cellulose.

[0050] Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was carried out using commercially available cellulase cocktail for biofuel applications, CMAX (Alternafuel) from Diadick. Dried lignocellulosic substrates as described above were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at 5% consistency in 100 mM Succinic acid (pH 5.0) using manufacturer recommended concentration of cellulases. CotA laccase (where indicated) was added to the hydrolysis reactions at concentration 1 microkatal/g of dry feedstock (which corresponds to 60 units/g. One katal is defined as the amount of enzyme needed to convert 1 mole of substrate (ABTS) in 1 sec, catalytic unit is defined as the amount of enzyme needed to convert 1 micromole of substrate (ABTS) in 1 min). Hydrolysis was carried out at 60 degrees Celsius for 72 h.

[0051] After the hydrolysis, reducing sugar levels were determined by Dinitrosalicylic Acid Method (DNS method, Sadasivam, 2005). Results are shown in table 1.

[0052] It was concluded that the yields of the cellulase were greatly improved upon the addition of a CotA laccase to the reaction mixture, regardless of the source of the lignocellulose.

[0053] It was remarkably found that a biomass containing virtually no lignin or no lignin at all (such as eucalyptus pulp) could also serve as a substrate in a method as described herein. Even with those materials, the yield of the cellulose was greatly improved when a CotA laccase was used in combination with the cellulase. As shown in table 1, the yield from eucalyptus pulp increased with 157% to a yield that was 92% of the theoretical yield.

Table 1 Improvement of sugar yield with CotA laccase.

SEQUENCE LISTING

[0054] <110> MetGen Oy

<120> METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE FERMENTABLE SUGAR YIELD FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES

<130> 255 WOPO <160> 2 <170> Patentln version 3.5 <210> 1 <211> 513

<212> PRT <213> Bacillus subtilis <400> 1

Met Thr Leu Glu Lys Phe Val Asp Ala Leu Pro He Pro Asp Thr Leu 1 5 10 15

Lys Pro Val Gin Gin Thr Thr Glu Lys Thr Tyr Tyr Glu Val Thr Met 20 25 30

Glu Glu Cys Ala His Gin Leu His Arg Asp Leu Pro Pro Thr Arg Leu 35 40 45

Trp Gly Tyr Asn Gly Leu Phe Pro Gly Pro Thr Ile Glu Val Lys Arg 50 55 60

Asn Glu Asn Val Tyr Val Lys Trp Mét Asn Asn Leu Pro Ser Glu His 65 70 75 80

Phe Leu Pro Ile Asp His Thr Ile His His Ser Asp Ser Gin His Glu 85 90 95

Glu Pro Glu Val Lys Thr Val Val His Leu His Gly Gly Val Thr Pro 100 105 110

Asp Asp Ser Asp Gly Tyr Pro Glu Ala Trp Phe Ser Lys Asp Phe Glu 115 120 125

Gin Thr Gly Pro Tyr Phe Lys Arg Glu Val Tyr His Tyr Pro Asn Gin 130 135 140

Gin Arg Gly Ala Ile Leu Trp Tyr His Asp His Ala Met Ala Leu Thr 145 150 155 160

Arg Leu Asn Val Tyr Ala Gly Leu Val Gly Asp Tyr Ile Ile His Asp 165 170 175

Pro Lys Glu Lys Arg Leu Lys Leu Pro Ser Gly Glu Tyr Asp Val Pro 180 185 190 Léu Leu Ile Thr Asp Arg Thr Ile Asn Glu Asp Gly Ser Leu Phe Tyr 195 200 205

Pro Ser Gly Pro Glu Asn Pro Ser Pro Ser Leu Pro Lys Pro Ser ile: 210 215 22:0

Val Pro Ala Phe Gys Gly Asp Thr Ile Leu Val Asn Gly Lys Val Trp 225 230 235 240

Pro Tyr Leu Glu val Glu Pro Arg Lys Tyr Arg Phe Arg Val ile Asn 245 250 255

Ala Ser Asn Thr Arg Thr Tyr Asn Len Ser Leu Asp Asn Gly Gly Glu 260 265 270

Phe Ile Gin Ilo Gly Ser Asp Gly Gly Leu Lou Pro Arg Ser Val Lys 275 280 285

Leu Asn Ser Phe Ser Leu Ala Pro Ala Glu Arg Tyr Asp Ile Ile Ile 290 295 300

Asp phe Thr Ala Tyr Glu Gly Glu Ser Ile Ile Léu Ala Asn Ser Glu 305 310 315 320

Gly Cys Gly Gly Asp Ala Asn Pro Glu Thr Asp Ala Asn ile Met Gin 325: 330 335

Phe Arg Val Thr Lys Pro Leu Ala Gin Lys Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Pro 340 345 35 0

Lys Tyr Leu Ala Ser Tyr Pro Ser Val Gin Asri Glu Arg Ile Gin Asn 355 360 365

Ile Arg Thr Leu Lys Leu Ala Gly Thr Gin Asp GlU Tyr Gly Arg Pro 370 375 380

Val Leu Leu Leu Asn Asn Lys Arg Trp His Asp Pro Val Thr Glu Ala 385 390 395 400

Pro: Lys Ala Gly Thr Thr Glu Ile Trp Ser Ile: Val Asn Pro Thr Gin 405 410 415

Gly Thr His Pro Ile His Leu His Leu Val Ser Phe Arg Val Leii Asp 420 425 430

Arg Arg Pro Phe Asp ile Ala Arg Tyr Gin Glu Arg Gly Glu Leu Ser 435 440 445

Tyr Thr Gly Pro Ala Val Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Glu Lys Gly Trp Lys 450 455 460

Asp Thr Ile Gin Ala His Ala Gly Glu Val Leu Arg Ile Ala Val Thr 465 470 475 480

Phe Gly Pro Tyr Ser Gly Arg Tyr Val Trp His Gys His Ile Leu Glu 485 490 495

His Glu Asp Tyr Asp Met Met Arg Pro Met Asp Ile Thr Asp Pro His 500 505 510

Lys <210> 2 <211 > 539

<212> PRT <213> Bacillus subtilis <400>2

Met Thr LpU Glu Lys Phe Val Asp Ala Leu Pro Ile Pro Asp Thr Leu 1 5 10 15

Lys Pro Val Gin Gin Ser Lys Glu Lys Thr Tyr Tyr Glu Val Thr Met 20 25 30

Glu Glu Cys Thr His Gin Leu His Arg Asp Leu Pro Pro Thr Arg Leu 35 40 45

Trp Gly Tyr Asn Gly Leu Phe Pro Gly Pro Thr Ile Glu Val Lys Arg 50 55 60

Asn Glu Asn Val Tyr Val Lys Trp Mét Asn Asn Leu Pro Ser Thr His 65: 70 75 80

Phe Lew Pro Ile Asp His Thr Ile His His Ser Asp Ser Gin His Glu 85 90 95

Glu Pro Glu Val Lys Thr Val Val His Leu His Gly Gly Val Thr Pro 100 105 110

Asp Asp Ser Asp Gly Tyr Pro Glu Ala Trp Phe Ser Lys Asp Phe Glu 115 120 125

Gin Thr Gly Pro Tyr Phe Lys Arg Glu Val Tyr His Tyr Pro Asn Gin 130 135 140

Gin Arg Gly Ala lie Leu Trp Tyr His Asp His Ala Met Ala Leu Thr 145 ISO 155 160

Arg Leu Asn Val Tyr Ala Gly Leu Val Gly Ala Tyr lie lie His Asp 165 170 175

Pro Lys Glu Lys Arg Leu Lys Leu Pro Ser Glu Glu Tyr Asp Val Pro 180 185 190

Leu Leu Ile Thr Asp Arg Thr Ile Asn Glu Asp Gly Sér Leu Phe Tyr 195 200 205

Pro Ser Gly Pro Glu Asn Pro Ser Pro Ser Leu Pro Asn Pro Ser lie 210 215 220

Val Pro Ala Phe Cys Gly Glu Thr lie Leu Val Asn Gly Lys Val Trp 225 230 235 240

Pro Tyr Leu Glu Val Glu Pro Arg Lys Tyr Arg Phe Arg Val Lie Asn 245 250 255

Ala Ser Asn Thr Arg Thr Tyr Asn Leu Ser Leu Asp Asn Gly Gly Glu 260 265 270

Phe lie Gin lie Gly Ser Asp Gly Gly Leu Leu Pro Arg Ser Val Lys 275 280 285

Leu Thr Ser Phe Ser Leu Ala Pro Ala Glu Arg Tyr Asp lie lie lie 290 295 300

Asp Phe Thr Ala Tyr Glu Gly Gin Ser lie lie Leu Ala Asn Ser Ala 305 310 315 320

Gly Cys Gly Gly Asp Val Asn Pro Glu Thr Asp Ala Asn lie Met Gin 325 330 335

Phe Arg Val Thr Lys Pro Leu Ala Gin Lys Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Pro 340 345 350

Lys Tyr Leu Ala Ser Tyr Pro Ser Val Gin Asn Glu Arg lie Gin Asn 355 360 365 ±ie Arg xnr Leu Lys Leu aia u±y inr win asp uiu ryr isxy Arg Fro 370 375 380

Val Leu Leu Leu Asn Asn Lys Arg Trp His Asp Pro Val Thr GLu Ala 385 390 395 400

Prq Lys Ala Gly Thr Thr Glu He Trp Ser lie lie Asn Pro Thr Arg 405 410 415

Gly Thr His: Pro He His Leu His Leu Val Ser Phe Arg Val He Asp 420 425 430

Arg Arg Pro Phe Asp lie Ala His Tyr Gin Glu Ser Gly Ala Leu Ser 435 440 445

Tyr Thr Gly Pro Ala Val Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Glu Lys Gly Trp Lys 450 455 460

Asp Thr He Gin Ala His Ala Gly Glu Val Leu Arg lie Ala Ala Thr 465 470 475 480

Phe Gly Pro Tyr Ser Gly Arg Tyr Val Trp His Cys His He Leu Glu 485 490 495

His Glu Asp Tyr Asp Met Met Arg Pro Met Asp He Thr Asp Pro His 500 505 510

Lys Ser Asp Pro Asn Ser Ser Ser Val Asp Lys Leu His Arg Thr Arg 515 520 525

Ala Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Leu Arg Ser Gly Cys 530 535

REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.

Patent documents cited in the description • WQ2013038062A f00131 • CN102154150 Γ00341 [00341

Non-patent literature cited in the description

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Claims (13)

An attachment means drive tool (112) comprising: an enclosure (114); a contact member (116) for a workpiece movably connected to the enclosure, the contact member for the workpiece being movable between a resting position and an activated position; a trigger (136) movably connected to the enclosure, the trigger being movable between a resting position and an activated position; a control valve (122) including an activating pin; an actuating rod (130) movably connected to the trigger, said actuating rod being movable between a resting position and an activating position adjacent to said activating pin; and a trigger control mechanism (110) connected to the actuator rod and configured to move and hold the actuator rod in the actuating position, characterized in that in a power-operated mode, the actuator actuator causes the actuator rod to move and remain in the actuating position such that the tool is actuated each time the contact element of the workpiece touches a workpiece and moves to the activated position, causing the actuating rod to touch the activating pin and initiates an activation of the tool; and wherein, in a non-powered working condition, the actuating rod does not move to the actuating position such that the tool is actuated each time, respectively, the workpiece contact member and the trigger are moved from the resting position to the actuated position in a designated sequence. The tool (112) of claim 1, wherein the trigger control mechanism (110) includes a magnet on each of the actuating rod (130) and the trigger (136), and adjacent sides of the magnets have a common polarity such that the magnets repel each other in the power mode. . The tool (112) of claim 2, wherein one of the magnets is an electromagnet (134) which is powered and forms polarity in the power supply mode and is not powered in the non-power mode mode. The tool (112) of claim 2, wherein each of the magnets is an electromagnet (134) and is powered and forms polarity in the power supply mode and is not power supply in the non-power mode mode. The tool (112) of claim 1, wherein the control valve (122) includes a biasing element surrounding the actuating pin and an electromagnet attached to one end of the biasing element and wherein the electromagnet is energized and attracts the actuation rod in the power supply mode. . The tool (112) of claim 5, wherein the biasing member is a coil spring (200). The tool (112) of claim 1, wherein the trigger control mechanism (110) includes a pin configured to move reciprocally relative to the enclosure between a retracted position and an extended position wherein the pin is in the extended position. located adjacent to the actuating rod to hold the actuating rod in the actuating position. The tool (112) of claim 7, wherein the trigger control mechanism (110) further includes a piston housing attached to the housing and a piston configured to move reciprocally within the piston housing, said pin being secured to piston. The tool (112) of claim 1, wherein the actuating rod (130) includes a biasing member configured to bias the actuating rod to the resting position. The tool (112) of claim 1, wherein: the contact member of the workpiece includes a fixed portion and an end portion movably connected to the fixed portion and movable between a first position and a second position, wherein, in the first position, the fixed portion and the end portion are generally aligned and the end portion is not configured to touch the actuating rod when the trigger is in the actuated position and the workpiece contact member is moved to the actuated position and wherein, in the second position, the end portion is at a designated angle to the fixed portion and is configured to touch the actuating rod when the trigger is in the actuated position and the workpiece contact member is moved to the actuated position; wherein the end portion of the power-operated mode moves to the second position such that the tool is actuated each time the contact member of the workpiece touches a workpiece and moves to the activated position, causing the end portion to touch the actuating rod and the actuating rod touching the actuating rod. rigid and initiating an activation of the tool; and wherein the end portion of the non-powered mode is in the first position such that the tool is activated each time, respectively, the contact element of the workpiece and the trigger are moved from the resting position to the activated position in a designated sequence. The tool of claim 10, wherein the end portion is pivotally connected to the fixed portion. The tool of claim 10, wherein the contact member for the workpiece includes a guide member and the end portion is slidably connected to the guide member and slides between the first position and the second position relative to the fixed portion. The tool of claim 10, wherein the actuating rod includes a biasing member configured to bias the actuating rod to the resting position.