DK3002394T3

DK3002394T3 - MAST WITH SUSPENSION

Info

Publication number: DK3002394T3
Application number: DK15002814.0T
Authority: DK
Inventors: Carsten Ropeter
Original assignee: Ge Net Gmbh
Priority date: 2014-10-01
Filing date: 2015-09-28
Publication date: 2018-01-02
Also published as: PL3002394T3; EP3002394A1; DE102014014311A1; EP3002394B1; ES2653738T3

Description

The present invention relates to a mast having at least two uprights which are mechanically connected to one another and which can be braced by tensioning cables.

Masts having a plurality of uprights, generally also called corner bars, which are mechanically connected to one another by means of struts or the like are generally known. Masts of this type are usually known as lattice masts. They can be used flexibly such as, for example, as antenna masts, for the placement of measuring devices at the correct height such as, for example, to determine wind speed, air temperature, air humidity or the like.

Depending on the case of application, such masts can have very different lengths. From a certain length it is appropriate or necessary to provide one or more bracings. The operating safety can be significantly increased by this means, in particular when corresponding loads are acting due to wind. These act substantially linearly on the masts so that this can be inclined towards a direction facing away from the wind. However, it is additionally also possible that a torsional force acts on the masts due to the influence of wind or similar with the result that this is twisted accordingly and possibly can also be damaged.

Various masts with corresponding bracings are known, for example, from the International PCT Publication WO 01/36766 Al, the European Patent Specification EP 1 270 848 Bl, from the German Patent Specification 316 956 and the appurtenant additional patent 429 237 as well as from the US Patent Specification 2,761,531, the European Patent Application EP 2 735 673 Al and the British Patent Specification GB 205,744.

The patent US 2,761,631 relates to a mast with a bracing cable plate which has lateral extensions. Holes are located in these extensions in order to be able to receive one or more bracing cables. The bracing cable plates provided there have a hole in their centre in which the shaft for an antenna can optionally be rotatably mounted.

Known from EP 2 735 673 A1 is a mast arrangement in a timber framework design. A plurality of columns are provided in this case. In a particular configuration these columns are provided with connecting profiles which have a flange on the outside to which a bracing cable for bracing the mast arrangement is fastened in each case.

Known from GB 205 744 is a mast which has three uprights. Located between these uprights is an element which is adapted so that three bracing cables can be fastened to a central point.

The patent 316 956 relates to a mast for wireless telegraphy which, for example, can have a triangular or a square outline. The subject matter of the invention there is a bracing which eliminates this moment by means of a cable bifurcation whilst retaining the rotation prevention feature. To this end, rods are laid through the centre of gravity of the cross-section of the mast at the bracing points. At these, tension cables are fastened through a bifurcation so that the tension cables are directed after tubular uprightthis centre of gravity. In the additional patent 429 237 it is additionally provided that only one cable or a part of the cables is connected to the mast with a bifurcation whilst the other cables without forks act directly in the centre of gravity of the mast cross-section .

However, this already-known solution has the disadvantage that no torque-free bracing is possible.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to avoid this disadvantage.

This object is solved by the invention according to the main claim. Advantageous further developments are specified by the subclaims .

The present invention is based on the following findings. In the invention specified in the patent 429 237, at least one cable must have a bifurcation and thus be fastened to the mast so that the connecting line of the fastening points leads through the geometric centre of gravity of the horizontal mast geometry. Under real conditions this nevertheless results in a non-uniform distribution of the forces on the individual tubular uprights of the mast since as a result of the inflow to the tension cables transversely to the bracing direction an additional force component is obtained which is distributed non-unif ormly to the two cables of the bifurcation. As a result, the purpose of the invention described there is no longer achieved.

In the present invention on the other hand, there are cables on the one hand which are used as tension cables and which are fastened at the geometric centre of gravity of the horizontal mast geometry. In this case, the horizontal mast geometry relates to the vertical masts, which is used in normal operation. In addition, there are auxiliary cables which exclusively take over the function of the prevention of twisting which may be required. The auxiliary cables can thus be fastened so that they prevent an inadmissible twisting of the mast and need not absorb any tension forces of the bracing cable. These auxiliary cables can therefore have a slack. That means that in normal operation of the mast they are braced so far that a mechanical stress only occurs at them when torsional forces which exceed a specific magnitude act on the masts .

As a result of the functional separation of tension cables and auxiliary cables according to the invention, it is achieved that the introduction of force of the tension cables is always accomplished at the geometric centre of gravity of the horizontal mast geometry not only under ideal but also under real conditions. It is thereby achieved that all the forces which are diverted by the cables in the axial direction of the mast are always distributed uniformly to each tubular upright.

In order to implement the present invention, the mast which can have two, three, four or more uprights (corner bars) which are connected to one another by means of corresponding struts, can have a mechanical element which is connected to at least two of these uprights. This element contains a connecting element which is situated substantially centrally in the geometric centre of gravity of the horizontal mast geometry. The connecting element can be flexibly designed such as, for example as a ring bolt, as an arcuate element or the like. In this case, it is particularly advantageous if it allows the tension cables fastened thereon by means of appurtenant fastening elements to be fastened in an articulated manner.

The individual elements of the mast preferably consist of steel, stainless steel or another suitable material. The tension cables and auxiliary cables consist of material having suitable strength such as steel, stainless steel, plastic or the like.

In a preferred embodiment the mast according to the invention is composed of a plurality of mast elements. It can thus achieve very different lengths as required. In this case, it has proved useful if the mechanical element to which the said cables are fastened is arranged between these two mast elements .

Further details and advantages of the present invention will be explained hereinafter with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments with relevant figures. In the figures

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a lattice mast with bracing

Fig. 2 shows a side view of the lattice mast with bracing

Fig. 3 shows essential elements of the bracing unit Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the bracing unit

Fig. 5 shows a symbolic sectional view along the line A-A from Fig. 4

Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a cable star

Fig. 7 shows a plan view of a cable star with bracing

Fig. 8 shows an enlarged view of the connecting region 136 from Fig. 7.

Fig. 1 shows in perspective view a lattice mast 10 with a bracing, Fig. 2 shows - in side view - a section around the bracing, wherein more details are provided with reference numbers. In this case, means which are present in multiple form are in some cases provided with a single reference (as for example 14 for the transverse struts) . However, as far as seems appropriate for the understanding of the present invention, differentiated reference numbers were also used (such as, for example 16a, 16b, 16c for the various tension cables etc.) .

The lattice mast 10 shown in Fig. 1 has three uprights 12 which are generally also called corner bars and are connected to one another by a series of transverse struts 14. The lattice mast 10 consists, depending on its length, of a plurality of substantially structurally the same mast elements of which an upper mask element 10a and a lower mast element 10b are marked symbolically here. The lattice mast 10 stands in the operational state on a surface (not shown here) such as, for example the ground, a building or the like. It is suitable for carrying various devices (not shown here) such as, for example, measuring devices, radio antennae and/or the like. The lattice mast 10 is braced by three tension cables 16a, 16b, 16c. These consist of material having suitable strength such as steel, stainless steel, plastic or the like and are fastened with their upper end to a cable plate 18 and specifically to a fastening point 20 which will be discussed in further detail below. The lower ends of the tension cables 16a, 16b, 16c are connected at suitable points and by means of suitable devices to the ground or other points which have the necessary stability to absorb the forces for the bracing.

In the preferred embodiment, each of the tension cables 16a, 16b, 16c is additionally connected to two auxiliary cables 22 each, of which in the figures only the auxiliary cables 22al and 22a2 which lead to the tension cable 16a are provided with reference numbers. The upper ends of the auxiliary cables 22 are each connected with their upper end via a cable tensioner 24 to holders 26 which are located in the outer region of the cable plate 18 (see also Figs. 2, 3, 4). Each of the tension cables 16a, 16b, 16c has an upper cable clip 28a and a lower cable clip 28b. These cable clips 28 are used to connect one of the tension cables 16 to the appurtenant pair of auxiliary cables 22. That is therefore that the tension cable 16a is connected to the two auxiliary cables 22al and 22a2 which are wound around the tension cable 16a between the cable clips 28a and 28b and/or run parallel to this. The same applies to the other tension cables 16b and 16c or the appurtenant auxiliary cables to these.

Fig. 2 shows a side view of the lattice mast 10. Means which have already been described will only be discussed here insofar as it is important for the understanding of the present invention. In particular, a region 30 is marked in Fig. 2 which shows elements for mounting the tension cables 16 and the auxiliary cables 22 and will be designated hereinafter as bracing unit. Essential elements of this bracing unit 30 are also shown in enlarged form in Fig. 3. Thus, for the following explanations, reference is made both to Fig. 2 and also to Fig. 3. In addition, a coordinate cross x, y, z is depicted in Fig. 2 to which reference is always made in the further figures when it is appropriate for the description of the invention. As shown, the lattice mast 10 runs along the z axis and the cable plate 18 runs substantially in the x-y plane. The bracing unit 30 in particular comprises the cable plate 18 as well as three flanges 32a, b, c which are configured in such a manner that they can receive the uprights 12 of the upper mast element 10a from above and the uprights 12 of the lower part of the mast element 10b from below. The flanges 32a, b, c and the appurtenant uprights 12a, b, c can be fixed by means of appurtenant screw connections 34. A ring bolt with a screw head 36 (which covers the lower part of the flange 32b in Figs. 2, 3) and with a ring 38 is screwed into the cable plate 18 at the fastening point 20. A ring-like fastening element 40a, b, c is fastened to each of the tension cables 16a, 16b, 16c at its upper end, by means of which the appurtenant tension cable 16 can be connected to the ring 38. Preferably a shackle is provided for this. However carabiners or the like are also feasible.

Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the bracing unit 30, wherein this diagram has been turned with respect to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, which can also be identified by means of the coordinate cross x-y and the reference number. It can be further identified that the cable plate 18 has a plurality of openings such as a central opening 131 which is located in the region of the fastening point 20 and therefore at the geometric centre of gravity of the horizontal mast geometry and which can receive the ring bolt with the head 36, three openings 132a, b, c through which the uprights 12a, b, c can be guided in Figs. 1 and 2 and three openings 133a, 133b, 133c which can then be used when the cable plate 18 is additionally used as a reducing plate or when a mast element is used whose uprights 12 have a corresponding geometry.

Fig. 5 shows as a symbolic cross-sectional view along the line A-A (Fig. 4) the fastening of the tension cables 16a, 16b, 16c to the cable plate 18 at the fastening point 20. The exemplary embodiment described enables a bracing in which the three tension cables 16 are all fastened at the geometric centre of gravity of the mast geometry in the x-y plane; in the case of a perpendicularly erect mast, this therefore corresponds to the centre of gravity of the horizontal mast geometry. As a result, it is possible that the introduction of force of the tension cables 16 always takes place in this centre of gravity not only under ideal conditions but also under real conditions. As a result of the auxiliary cables 22, it is also possible that an impermissible twisting of the lattice mast 10 is prevented. By means of the cable tensioner 24 the tension of the auxiliary cables 22 is adjusted so that in normal operation of the lattice masts 10 these are initially - that is without the action of a torsional force on the lattice mast 10 - mounted without mechanical tension and therefore do not receive any tension forces. However, when such a torsional force occurs - for example in the clockwise direction, the corresponding auxiliary cables 22 - in the said example the auxiliary cables 22al, 22bl, 22cl have the effect that only a limiting turning of the lattice mast 10 is possible and an extensive impermissible turning of the lattice mast 10 can be prevented. In the preferred exemplary embodiment, the auxiliary cables 22 are therefore mounted in such a manner that they have a slack.

Figs. 6, 7 show an alternative solution to the cable plate 18, namely a star-like element 110 which is hereinafter called cable star and preferably consists of metal. Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of the cable star 110 and Fig. 7 shows a plan view thereof with appurtenant bracing.

The cable star 110 has three wing elements 112 which are configured to be substantially the same and arranged at an angle of 120 degrees from one another. On the upper side of the cable star 110, a tube 114 is provided centrally, around which three stiffening elements 115 are arranged in such a manner that they run substantially centrally along the wing elements 112. Located on the underside of the cable star 110 are three arcuate retaining elements 118 which on the one hand are firmly fastened to the base plate of the cable star 110 and on the other hand are firmly fastened to a round element or rod 120. The fastenings are preferably made by soldering, by welding and/or the like. The retaining elements 118 are arranged in such a manner that they are turned by 60 degrees with respect to the stiffening elements 115. Three openings 121 are formed through the arcuate structure of which only two are visible in Fig. 6. A fastening element such as a shackle, eye or the like can be guided through each of these openings 121 in order to thus fasten one of the three tension cables 16a, 16b, 16c (see Fig. 7) .

Two elongate holes 126 are located in each case in the outer region of the wing elements 112. These are used to connect auxiliary cables 122 to the cable star 110. For reasons of clarity only the two auxiliary cables 122al and 122a2 thereof are provided with reference numbers in Fig. 7. Furthermore each wing element 112 has a ventilation opening 128 about which three screw openings 130 are arranged in each case. It is thereby possible that tubular uprights of a mast element present above the cable star 110 and/or tubular uprights of a mast element present below the cable star 110 can be placed onto the cable star from above or below and can be fastened by means of suitable screws which are guided through the screw holes 130. The ventilation holes 128 serve to ensure that the usually open ends of these tubular uprights also remain open in the region of the cable star 110 so that moisture, liquid or the like does not accumulate and therefore cannot cause any corrosion. In the case of the tubular uprights described here, it is assumed that they each have a flange at the ends which projects laterally in the form of a collar, as is indicated by the three flanges 132 in Fig. 7. In addition, three struts 134 are shown in Fig. 7 which pertain to the mast section present above the cable star 10. The point marked by 200 corresponds to the geometric centre of gravity of the cable star 110 inside the x-y plane and therefore of the appurtenant horizontal section (relative to the normal operation) of the lattice mast 10.

It is also shown in Fig. 7 that the connection between the tension cables 116 and the appurtenant auxiliary cables 122 is different from that in the previous exemplary embodiment (Fig. 1-5) . For illustration Fig. 8 shows an enlarged view of the region 136 marked in Fig. 7.

As can be clearly seen in particular in Fig. 8, the tension cable 116a does not run continuously from the geometric centre of gravity of the mast to a region near the ground. Instead, the tension cable consists of an upper part 116a and a lower part 216a which are connected to one another inside the connection region 136. In this exemplary embodiment the upper part 116a has an eye 150a and the lower part has an eye 250a. Both eyes 150a, 250a are connected to one another via a shackle 138a. The lower part of the auxiliary cable 122al is connected to an eye 152al and the lower part of the auxiliary cable 122a2 is connected to an eye 152a2. The two eyes 152al, 152a2 are also connected to the shackle 138. As a result of these connections of the eyes 150a, 250a, 152al, 152a2 to the shackle 138a, the auxiliary cables 122al, 122a2 are therefore also connected to the tension cable 116a, 216a. The same applies to the connections between the tension cable 116b with the appurtenant auxiliary cables 122bl, 122b2 (in the figures without reference numbers). In this exemplary embodiment, the tension cable 116c has no appurtenant auxiliary cables. It is therefore possible to ascend the mast 10 very easily on the relevant side.

Similarly as in the previous exemplary embodiment (Figs. 1 to 5) here also the auxiliary cables 122 are tensioned by means of the appurtenant cable tensioner 124 in such a manner than only a limited turning of the lattice mast 10 is possible and an extensive impermissible turning of the lattice mast 10 can be prevented. That is, the auxiliary cables 122 are also mounted in such a manner that they have a slack.

The exemplary embodiment described is a preferred embodiment. It is understood however that numerous modifications are possible. This includes in particular:

Instead of the cable plate 18 or the cable star 10, a different mechanical element can also be used which enables a connection between the uprights 12 and the fastening point 20 or 200 which is located in the aforesaid centre of gravity.

Depending on the mast geometry, it is possible that only individual ones of the tension cables 16, 116 are connected to the appurtenant auxiliary cables 22 or 122.

It is also possible that at least individual ones of the tension cables 16, 116 is only connected to one of the auxiliary cables 22, 122.

Reference list 10 Lattice mast 10a,b Mast elements 12a,b,c Uprights 14 Transverse struts 16a,b,c Tension cables 18 Cable plate 20 Fastening point 22 Auxiliary cables (general) 22al,a2 Auxiliary cables for 16a 24 Cable tensioner 26 Holder for 22 28a,b Cable clips 30 Bracing unit 32a,b,c Flanges 34 Screw connections 36 Screw head of ring bolt 38 Ring of ring bolt 40 Fastening element for 22 42 Openings 110 Cable star 111 Wing elements 114 Tube 115a,b,c Stiffening elements 116a,b,c Tension cables 118 Retaining elements 120 Rod or round element 121 Openings 122a,b Auxiliary cables 124 Cable tensioner 126 Elongate holes 128 Ventilation openings 130 Screw openings 132 Flanges 134 Struts 136 Connecting region 138 Shackle 150a,b Eyes of 116a, b 152a,b Eyes of 122a, b 216a,b Lower part of tension cables 116a, b 250a,b Eyes of 216a, b

Claims

A mast (10) with at least two supporting posts (12) extending along a first direction (z) and connected mechanically to each other by means of inclined struts (14; 134), the mast (10) containing a mechanical element (18; 110) connected to at least two of the supporting posts (12) and having a connecting element (36, 38; 118) substantially in the middle of the geometric mast center of gravity at a level (xy) extending vertically in the first direction (z), providing pull cables (16, 116) which are attached to the connecting member (36, 38; 118), characterized in that at least one is provided. auxiliary wire (22; 122) which - at one end is connected to the mechanical element (18; 110), - at the other end is connected to one of the pulling cables (16; 116), - by means of tensioning means (24; 124) in normal operation of the mast (10) is tensioned so that it is first subjected to a mechanical stress if a torsional force of to the masters (10).

Mast (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the pulling wires (16; 116) is connected to two auxiliary wires (22; 122).

Mast (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (36, 38; 118) is designed as an eye bolt (36, 38).

Mast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (36, 38; 118) is formed as an arcuate element (118).

Mast (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the pulling cables (16; 116) is fixedly hinged on the connecting element (36, 38; 118).

A mast (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mast (10) consists of individual mast elements (10a, 10b), one of these mast elements (10a) being located on one side of the mechanical element (10). 18; 110) and another of these mast members (10b) is located on the other side of it.

Mast (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mechanical element (18; 110) has openings (128) which are positioned so as to allow moisture to escape from the inner part of tubular support posts ( 12), which is connected to the mechanical element (18; 110).