DK2436356T3 - CLOSE ACTION FOR A PORTABLE urinal TO PREVENT THE SMELL RELEASE - Google Patents

CLOSE ACTION FOR A PORTABLE urinal TO PREVENT THE SMELL RELEASE Download PDF

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Publication number
DK2436356T3
DK2436356T3 DK11183664.9T DK11183664T DK2436356T3 DK 2436356 T3 DK2436356 T3 DK 2436356T3 DK 11183664 T DK11183664 T DK 11183664T DK 2436356 T3 DK2436356 T3 DK 2436356T3
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Denmark
Prior art keywords
funnel
urine
opening
closure insert
positioning mechanism
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DK11183664.9T
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Danish (da)
Inventor
Christine Walter
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Aalborg Sygehus Region Nordjylland
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G9/00—Bed-pans, urinals or other sanitary devices for bed-ridden persons; Cleaning devices therefor, e.g. combined with toilet-urinals
    • A61G9/006—Urinals

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)

Description

DESCRIPTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to handheld urinals and in particular to a closing insert for avoiding odour leaks of urinals. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Clinical personal may experience odour leaks from handheld urinals very unpleasant. Since urinals may not be closed after use, odours from urinals may accumulate and create a strong urine odour in the hospital room during a short time. On the other hand urinals must be easy to use since patients are often too weak or ill to manage even simple closure mechanisms.
[0003] Accordingly, there is a need for a urinal which reduces odour leaks from urinals and which are easy to use.
[0004] US 5,839,123 discloses an insert for handheld urinals for eliminating backflow and spillage of urine includes a funnel portion adapted for securement within a standard handheld urinal bottle. The funnel portion has a central cylindrical portion and an upwardly extending tapered portion. The central cylindrical portion is positionable within an upwardly extending neck of the urinal bottle. The central cylindrical portion has a peripheral gasket disposed on an upper end thereof. The peripheral gasket engages an open mouth of the urinal bottle.
[0005] Whereas US 5,839,123 discloses an improved urinal this reference does not provide a solution for efficiently reducing odour leaks from urinals. Therefore, the inventor of the present invention has devised the present invention.
[0006] GB 30413 discloses a portable urinal with ports that can be open or closed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] It would be advantageous to achieve improvements of handheld urinals. In particular, it may be seen as an object of the present invention to provide a solution that solves the above mentioned problems with odour leaks, or other problems, of the prior art.
[0008] To better address one or more of these concerns, in a first aspect of the invention a closing insert configured to be inserted into a funnel comprised by an associated urinal for urine collection according to the claim 1 is presented.
[0009] Since the closing insert has a closing feature or is shaped to enable closing of the opening of the funnel, odour leaks from the urinal can be eliminated or reduced. This odour reduction capability of the insert is achieved without causing any complication of use of the urinal since the closing insert is simply inserted as an inner funnel into another funnel. The other funnel may be an original funnel which is used with the urine bottle and not designed for use with the closing insert, or the other funnel may be a funnel which is particularly designed for use with the closing insert, e.g. the funnel may be provided with fastening features which matches corresponding fastening features of the closing insert. The closing insert as well as the funnel may be disposable or reusable.
[0010] In an embodiment the closing may comprise a connector for providing an odour proof connection with the funnel. The connector may be formed as a thread or other suitable locking means such as a click-on locking mechanism. The connector may be comprised by the positioning mechanism. For example, a thread may both facilitate connection of the closing insert with the funnel and positioning of the insert relative to the funnel.
[0011] In an embodiment the positioning mechanism may enable displacement of the closing insert relative to the funnel along a longitudinal direction of the closing insert or the funnel.
[0012] In an embodiment the positioning mechanism may comprise positioning features shaped to interact with matching positioning features of the funnel so as to provide displacement of the closing mechanism between the first and second positions. The positioning features of the funnel may have other primary functions of the funnel such as hand grips for inserting the funnel into the urinal bottle.
[0013] The positioning features of the positioning mechanism and the funnel may be configured according to anyone of: a pair of matching threads, a bayonet coupling, a click coupling or a gliding coupling.
[0014] In an embodiment the part of the closing insert may be configured to close the opening of the funnel has an outer surface dimensioned to make contact with at least part of an inner surface of the funnel when the positioning mechanism is in the first position so as to enable part of the outer surface of the closing insert to close the opening of the funnel, where the opening constitutes a radial opening. For example, the opening or openings of the funnel may consist of one or more holes formed in the shell of the funnel.
[0015] In an embodiment the part of the closing insert may be configured to close the opening of the funnel is a plug shaped to close the opening of the funnel, where the opening constitutes an axial opening and/or a radial opening, when the positioning mechanism is in the first position, and where holes provided in the shell of the closing insert provides passage of the urine into the container when the positioning mechanism is in the second position. The plug may be dimensioned to fit to the inner surface of the funnel so that the odour passage through the axial opening and/or a radial opening or openings is inhibited. Holes may be provided in the closing insert above the plug to provide a liquid passage in the gap between the plug and the inner surface of the funnel.
[0016] A second aspect of the invention relates to a urinal assembly for urine collection according to the claim 8.
[0017] The container and the funnel may be integrally formed in a single piece of material or the container and the funnel may be separate component which are connectable by a connector such as a thread.
[0018] A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for ose of a urinal assembly for urine collection according to the claim 9.
[0019] In general the various aspects of the invention may be combined and coupled in any way possible within the scope of the invention. These and other aspects, features and/or advantages of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Embodiments of the invention will be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a urinal bottle,
Fig. 2 shows examples of funnels,
Fig. 3 shows a closing insert,
Fig. 4 shows a urinal assembly,
Fig. 5 shows a detail view of the funnel and the closing insert,
Fig. 6 shows on open-closed indicator,
Fig. 7 shows a closing insert with a plug,
Fig. 8 shows operation of the closing insert with the plug,
Fig. 9 shows a funnel with a bottle connector formed as a press fitting,
Fig. 10 shows an alternative positioning mechanism of the closing insert,
Fig. 11 shows bayonet positioning mechanism, and Fig. 12 shows a click or gliding positioning mechanism.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0021] Fig. 1 shows a side view of urinal bottle 100 and a cross sectional view 101 of the urinal. The urinal bottle 100 comprises a container 102 for storage of urine. The urinal bottle may have a thread 103 or other connection means for fixation of a funnel for guiding urine into the container 102.
[0022] Fig. 2 shows a first example of a funnel 201 and a second example of a funnel 202 for guiding urine into the container 102. The funnel is formed as a pipe such as a conic pipe or a differently shaped pipe which generally has an opening 206 in one end and where the inner diameter generally decreases along the longitudinal direction from a maximum diameter at the opening 206 to a smaller diameter at the termination end 207. The opening 206 constitutes the receiving end for receiving urine. The termination end 207 has an opening 208 for passage of the urine into the container. In the first funnel 201 the opening 208 is provided by a radial opening provided in the wall of the pipe. In the second funnel 202 the opening 218 is provided by an axial opening provided at the end of the pipe.
[0023] The funnel 201,202 may be provided with a bottle connector 204, here a thread, which matches the thread 103 of the urinal bottle 100 for connecting the funnel to the urinal bottle so that the termination end 207 is positioned within the cavity of the container 102.
[0024] The top view 203 of the funnel 201, 202 shows that the outer periphery of the funnel may be provided with protruding members or hand grips 220 for eased attachment of the funnel to the urinal bottle.
[0025] The funnel 201 may ease the use of the urinal bottle; however, most importantly the funnel acts as a one-way valve which ensures that urine stored in the container 102 cannot easily escape from the container in case the urinal is dropped on the floor or turned around.
[0026] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a closing insert 301. The closing insert 301 makes it possible to close the opening 208 of the funnel so that odour leaks from the container 102 is eliminated.
[0027] The closing insert 301 is shaped as a pipe of arbitrary shape, e.g. conic, with dimensions enabling it to be inserted into the funnel 201, 202. The pipe comprises a funnel-shaped passageway 302 with a receiving end 306 for receiving urine and a termination end 307 with an opening 308 for passage of the urine.
[0028] The insert 301 further comprises a positioning mechanism 304 which enables displacement of the closing insert relative to the funnel along a longitudinal direction of the closing insert or the funnel. As shown in Fig. 3, the positioning mechanism 304 may be embodied by a thread provided at the inner periphery of a flange 310 dimensioned to match a corresponding thread 205 provided at the outer periphery of the funnel's receiving end 206.
[0029] The positioning means 304 also embodies a connector for providing an odour proof or liquid proof connection with the funnel.
[0030] Fig. 4 shows a urinal assembly 400 comprising the urinal bottle 100, the funnel 201, 202 and the closing insert 301. The top view of Fig. 4 shows the urinal assembly 400 where the positioning mechanism 304 defines a first position of the closing insert relative to the funnel where a part of the outer periphery of the narrow end of the closing insert covers the opening 208 formed radially in the shell of the funnel. Accordingly, the closing insert 301 is configured to close the opening 208 of the funnel by dimensioning the outer surface at the narrow end of the closing insert to make contact with at least part of an inner surface of the funnel when the positioning mechanism 304 is in the first position.
[0031] The bottom view of Fig. 4 shows the urinal assembly 400 where the positioning mechanism 205 defines a second position of the closing insert relative to the funnel where the narrow end-part of the closing insert is withdrawn so that urine is able to pass through the opening 308 of the closing insert and trough the opening 208 of the funnel into the container 102.
[0032] By operating the positioning mechanism 304, the user is able to close the urine passage opening 208 after use of the urinal bottle 100 so that odour leaks from urine stored in the container 102 is reduced or eliminated.
[0033] The urinal bottle 100 may be integrally formed with the funnel 201, 202 in a single piece of material as a urinal, or the urinal bottle 100 and the funnel 201, 202 may be assembled via connection means such as threads 103, 204 into a urinal.
[0034] For eased operation of the positioning mechanism 304, the closing insert 301 may be provided with an open-closed indicator 311. The open-closed indicator 311 may be embodied by a window or hole provided in the flange 310 of the insert 301 -as shown by the perspective view 320 of the flange part of the insert in Fig. 3 - in combination with open-closed indicators provided at the outer periphery of the flange 210 of the funnel 201,202.
[0035] Fig. 5 shows the closing operation of the closing insert in detail, where in the top figure the closing insert 301 is positioned in the first position so that an end-part 501 of the narrow end of the pipe closes the opening 208 of the funnel, and where in the bottom figure the insert 301 is positioned in the second recessed position so that at least part of the opening 208 is open.
[0036] Fig. 6 shows an assembly of the funnel 201, 202 and the closing insert 301 where the open-closed indicator is visible through the window 311.
[0037] Fig. 7 shows a different embodiment of a closing insert 701 which is designed to be inserted into the second example of a funnel 202 and to enable closure of the axial opening 218. For that purpose the closing insert 701 is designed so that the end part 307 is configured as a plug 709 shaped to close the axial opening 218 of the funnel 202 when the closing insert 701 is in the first position. The outer periphery of the plug 709 is dimensioned to make contact with the inner periphery of the funnel 202 near the axial opening 218 when the plug 709 is displaced towards the axial opening 218 so as to make an odour proof connection. In order to enable passage of urine through the axial opening 218 when the positioning mechanism 304 is in the second position, the closing insert 701 is provided with one or more radial openings 708 above the plug 709 so that a passage is provided between the outer surface of the plug 709 and the inner surface of the funnel 202 when the closing insert 701 is recessed to the second position.
[0038] Fig. 8 shows the operation of the closing insert 701 with a plug and the assembly of the funnel 202 and the closing insert 701. In illustration 801 the closing insert is in a first position where the conic plug 708 is pressed against the inner conic surface of the funnel 202 and, thereby, closes the axial opening 218 of the funnel 202. In illustration 802 the plug is recessed to the second position so that the urine is able to pass through the passage provided between the outer plug surface and the inner surface of the funnel 202 as illustrated by flow lines 810 in the close up illustration 803. Instead of a single axial opening 218, the funnel 202 may alternatively be provided with a plurality of smaller holes provided axially and/or radially in the funnel shell forming the termination end 207 and where the holes are arranged below the plug 209 when the closing insert 701 is in the first position so passage via any the plurality of holes is inhibited.
[0039] Fig. 9 shows a funnel 901 which only differs from the funnel 201 in Fig. 2 by the bottle connector 904 which is configured as a press fitting in Fig. 9. For improved attachment the press fitting may comprise click locking means (not shown). The funnel 901 may be a commercially available funnel which is not provided with any specific connection means for attachment of the closing insert.
[0040] Fig. 10 shows a closing insert 1001 which only differs from the closing insert 301 in Fig. 3 by the positioning mechanism 1004 which in Fig. 10 is comprises first and second notches 1002, 1003 instead of the thread of the positioning mechanism 304. The first and second notches 1002, 1003 are provided on the inner periphery of the flange of the positioning mechanism 1004, and are shaped so that the protruding members or hand grips 220 of the funnel are able to mesh with the notches 1002, 1003, so that the first and second notches 1002, 1003 defines first and second positions of the closing insert relative to the funnel.
[0041] Fig. 10 shows that the closing insert is in the first position in the upper illustration where the opening 208 of the funnel is closed, and in the second position in the lower illustration where the opening 208 is open. The positioning mechanism 1004 may be configured as a bayonet mechanism where a switch between the first and second notches 1002, 1003 and, thereby, the first and second positions, is enabled by a longitudinal notch which guides the protruding member 220 to translate between the first and second notches 1002, 1003. Alternatively, the positioning mechanism 1004 may be configured as simple click mechanism where a switch between the first and second notches and, thereby, the closed and open configurations of the urinal is possible by simply pushing or pulling the closing insert 1001.
[0042] Fig. 11 shows the closing insert 1001 of Fig. 10 where the positioning mechanism 1004 is configured as a bayonet coupling with first and second positioning notches 1002, 1003 and a guiding notch 1105. A switch between the first and second positions is performed by rotating the insert 1001 clockwise or counter clockwise, and pulling or pushing the insert followed by a rotation in opposite direction.
[0043] Fig. 12 shows the closing insert 1001 of Fig. 10 where the positioning mechanism 1004 is configured as a click coupling, i.e. a push-pull coupling, where a switch between the first and second positioning notches 1002, 1003 is accomplished by exerting a push or pull force to the closing insert 1001 to switch between the closed and open configurations of the urinal. Astep 1201 is provided between the first and second notches 1002, 1003 to facilitate a perceptible switch between the first and second positions.
[0044] In an alternative embodiment the positioning mechanism is configured as a gliding coupling where the switch between the first and second positions of the insert relative to the funnel is accomplished simply by pushing the closing insert to a bottom stop for closing the opening 208 of the funnel and by pulling the insert to a top stop for opening the opening 208.
[0045] Any of the closing inserts 1001 may be configured as the closing insert 701 in Fig. 7 with a plug 709 for closing the opening of the funnel. Any of the positioning mechanisms 1004 as well as the described gliding coupling may additionally provide the required odour proof connection and attachment with the funnel.
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description • US5839123A .[00041 [0005] • GB30413A [0006]

Claims (9)

1. Lukkeindsats (301, 701, 1001) konfigureret til at blive indsat i en tragt (201, 202, 901) omfattet af et forbundet urinal (100) til urinopsamling, hvor tragten har en modtageende (206) til at modtage urin og en afslutningsende (207) med en åbning (208) for passage af urinen ind i en beholder (102) omfattende urinalet, hvor lukkeindsatsen omfatter - en tragtformet passage (302) med en modtageende (306) til at modtage urin og en afslutningsende (307) med en åbning (308) til passage af urinen, - en positioneringsmekanisme (304, 1004) der definerer mindst første og anden positioner af lukkeindsatsen i forhold til tragten, hvor positioneringsmekanismen muliggør forskydning aflukkeindsatsen i forhold til tragten langs en langsgående retning af lukkeindsatsen eller tragten mellem de første og anden positioner, hvor en del af lukkeindsatsen er konfigureret til at lukke åbningen af tragten når positioneringsmekanismen er i den første position, og til at muliggøre passage af urinen ind i beholderen når positioneringsmekanismen er i den anden position.A closure insert (301, 701, 1001) configured to be inserted into a funnel (201, 202, 901) comprised of a connected urine collection (100), the funnel having a receiving end (206) for receiving urine and a end end (207) having an opening (208) for passage of the urine into a container (102) comprising the urinal, the closure insert comprising - a funnel-shaped passage (302) with a receiving end (306) for receiving urine and a closing end (307) with a passage (308) for passage of the urine, - a positioning mechanism (304, 1004) defining at least first and second positions of the closure insert relative to the hopper, the positioning mechanism permitting displacement of the closure insert relative to the hopper along a longitudinal direction of the closure insert or funnel. between the first and second positions where a portion of the closure insert is configured to close the opening of the funnel when the positioning mechanism is in the first position, and to allow passage of the urine into the container when the positioning mechanism is in the second position. 2. Lukkeindsats ifølge krav 1, omfattende et forbindelsesstykke til at tilvejebringe en lufttæt forbindelse med tragten.A closure insert according to claim 1, comprising a connector to provide an airtight connection to the hopper. 3. Lukkeindsats ifølge krav 2, hvor forbindelsesstykket er omfattet af positioneringsmekanismen.The closure insert of claim 2, wherein the connector is comprised by the positioning mechanism. 4. Lukkeindsats ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor positioneringsmekanismen omfatter positioneringskendetegn formet til at samvirke med overensstemmende positioneringskendetegn af tragten for at tilvejebringe forskydning af lukkemekanismen mellem de første og anden positioner.A closure insert according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the positioning mechanism comprises positioning features shaped to cooperate with corresponding positioning features of the hopper to provide displacement of the closing mechanism between the first and second positions. 5. Lukkeindsats ifølge krav 4, hvor positioneringsegenskaberne af positioneringsmekanismen og tragten omfatter en hvilken som helst af: et par sampassende gevind, en bajonetkobling, en click-kobling eller en glidekobling.The closure insert of claim 4, wherein the positioning properties of the positioning mechanism and the hopper comprise any of: a pair of matching threads, a bayonet coupling, a click coupling or a sliding coupling. 6. Lukkeindsats ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor delen af lukkeindsatsen konfigureret til at lukke åbningen af tragten haren ydre flade dimensioneret til at komme i kontakt med mindst en del af en indre flade af tragten når positioneringsmekanismen er i den første position for at muliggøre en del af den ydre flade af lukkeindsatsen at lukke åbningen af tragten, hvor åbningen udgør en radial åbning.A closure insert according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the portion of the closure insert configured to close the opening of the hopper has an outer surface dimensioned to contact at least a portion of an inner surface of the hopper when the positioning mechanism is in the first position. to allow a portion of the outer surface of the closure insert to close the opening of the hopper, the opening forming a radial opening. 7. Lukkeindsats ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor delen af lukkeindsatsen konfigureret til at lukke åbningen af tragten er en prop formet til at lukke åbningen af tragten, hvor åbningen udgør en aksial åbning og/eller en radial åbning, når positioneringsmekanismen er i den første position, og hvor huller tilvejebragt i skallen af lukkeindsatsen tilvejebringer passage af urinen ind i beholderen når positioneringsmekanismen er i den anden position.A closure insert according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the portion of the closure insert configured to close the opening of the hopper is a plug shaped to close the opening of the hopper, the opening being an axial opening and / or a radial opening when the positioning mechanism is in the first position and where holes provided in the shell of the closure insert provide passage of the urine into the vessel when the positioning mechanism is in the second position. 8. Urinalindretning (400) til urinopsamling, hvilken urinalindretning omfatter - en beholder til opbevaring af urin, - en tragt med en modtageende til at modtage urin og en afslutningsende med en åbning for passage af urinen ind i beholderen, - en tragtformet lukkeindretning ifølge krav 1.A urinal collection device (400) comprising a urinal device - a container for storing urine, - a funnel with a receiving end for receiving urine and a closing end with an opening for passage of the urine into the container, - a funnel-shaped closure device according to claim first 9. Fremgangsmåde til anvendelse afen urinalindretning (400) til urinopsamling, hvilken fremgangsmåde omfatter, - tilvejebringe en beholder (102) til opsamling af urin, - tilvejebringe en tragt (201,202) med en modtageende (206) til at modtage urin og en afslutningsende (207) med en åbning (208) for passage af urinen ind i beholderen, - tilvejebringe en tragtformet lukkeindsats (301, 701, 1001) konfigureret til at blive indsat i tragten (201, 202), hvor lukkeindsatsen omfatter - en tragtformet passage (302) med en modtageende (306) til at modtage urin og en afslutningsende (307) med en åbning (308) for passage af urinen, og - en positioneringsmekanisme (304, 1004) der definerer mindst første og anden positioner af lukkeindsatsen i forhold til tragten, hvor positioneringsmekanismen muliggør forskydning aflukkeindsatsen i forhold til tragten langs en langsgående retning af lukkeindsatsen eller tragten mellem de første og anden positioner, - lukning af åbningen (208) af tragten (201,202) ved at bevæge lukkeindretningen til en første position, og - muliggøre passage af urinen ind i beholderen (102) ved at bevæge lukkeindretningen til en anden position.A method of using a urinal collection device (400) for urine collection, comprising: - providing a container (102) for collecting urine, - providing a funnel (201,202) with a receiving end (206) for receiving urine and a terminating end ( 207) having an opening (208) for passage of the urine into the container, - providing a funnel-shaped closure insert (301, 701, 1001) configured to be inserted into the funnel (201, 202), the closure insert comprising - a funnel-shaped passage (302) ) having a receiving end (306) for receiving urine and a terminating end (307) having an opening (308) for passing the urine; and - a positioning mechanism (304, 1004) defining at least first and second positions of the closure insert relative to the funnel. wherein the positioning mechanism enables the closure insert to be displaced relative to the hopper along a longitudinal direction of the closure insert or hopper between the first and second positions, - closing the opening (208) of the hopper (2 01.202) by moving the closure device to a first position, and - enabling passage of the urine into the container (102) by moving the closure device to a second position.
DK11183664.9T 2010-10-03 2011-10-03 CLOSE ACTION FOR A PORTABLE urinal TO PREVENT THE SMELL RELEASE DK2436356T3 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201000892 2010-10-03

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUA20161892A1 (en) * 2016-03-22 2017-09-22 Gaetano Antonio Anselmo PORTABLE URINAL
US20170312157A1 (en) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Anthony Solazzo Urinal

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR318019A (en) * 1902-01-23 1902-10-03 Jaenel Improvements to sick bottles
GB190930413A (en) * 1909-12-29 1910-12-22 John Edward Sears Improvements in and relating to Surgical Appliances such as Portable Urinals or the like.
US5839123A (en) 1997-09-30 1998-11-24 Dunham, Sr.; David J. Insert for handheld urinals

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EP2436356A2 (en) 2012-04-04
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