Claims (10)
1. Transportsystem med et antal elektrisk drevne køretøjer (1), og et antal til disse hørende, fast opstillede ladestationer (20), hvilket transportsystem primært er beregnet til opgaver, hvor de pågældende køretøjer, eksempelvis bybusser, typisk kører i rutefart mellem et antal faste destinationer, som kan være stoppesteder eller stationer, og som er beliggende i relativ kort indbyrdes afstand, kendetegnet ved, - at hvert køretøj (1) er indrettet med et elektrisk drivsystem, hvori indgår: • et genopladeligt batteri (12, 14), eksempelvis i form af et Li-ion batteri, • EDLC-kondensator (11, 13), • et strømaftastersystem bestående af en eller flere strømaftastere (7, 8, 28), - at hver ladestation (20) er indrettet med en strømterminal (22, 25), som er anbragt i en position i forhold til køretøjets strømaftastersystem som betyder, at der opstår en fysisk, og dermed også elektrisk, kontakt mellem strømterminalen og strømaftasteme under køretøjets ophold ved den pågældende ladestation, og - at ladesystemet er indrettet således, at der via strømterminalen (22, 25) og strømaftastersystemet (7, 8, 28) overføres elektrisk energi fra et fast el-forsyningsnet til køretøjet under opholdet ved den pågældende ladestation.1. A transport system comprising a number of electrically driven vehicles (1) and a number of these fixed stationary charging stations (20), which transport system is primarily intended for tasks where the vehicles concerned, such as city buses, typically run in scheduled service between a number of fixed destinations, which may be stops or stations, located at a relatively short distance, characterized in that - each vehicle (1) is equipped with an electric drive system which includes: • a rechargeable battery (12, 14); for example in the form of a Li-ion battery, • EDLC capacitor (11, 13), • a current sensing system consisting of one or more current sensors (7, 8, 28) - that each charging station (20) is provided with a current terminal ( 22, 25), which are positioned in relation to the vehicle pantograph system which means that a physical, and thus also electrical, contact occurs between the power terminal and the power sensors during the vehicle maintenance. d at the charging station concerned, and - the charging system is arranged so that electrical energy is transferred from the fixed electricity supply network to the vehicle during the stay at the charging station via the current terminal (22, 25) and the pantograph system (7, 8, 28).
2. Transportsystem ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at strømaftasteme (7, 8, 28) er elektrisk forbundet med superkondensatoren (11, 13), hvilken er dimensioneret med en elektrisk kapacitet, hvis energiindhold mindst svarer til køretøjets energiforbrug under kørslen frem til næste ladestation på ruten.Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the current sensors (7, 8, 28) are electrically connected to the supercapacitor (11, 13), which is dimensioned with an electrical capacity whose energy content corresponds at least to the energy consumption of the vehicle while driving to the next. charging station on the route.
3. Transportsystem ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at superkondensatoren (11, 13) er koblet til køretøjets elektriske drivmotorer (9,17) via en dertil egnet reguleringsmekanisme (16), og samtidig til det genopladelige batteri (12,14) via en laderegulator (15), som på i og for sig kendt vis reguler (begrænser) ladestrømmen til batteriet for genopladning af dette, efterhånden som energien herfra forbruges til drift af køretøjet.Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the supercapacitor (11, 13) is coupled to the electric drive motors (9,17) of the vehicle via a suitable control mechanism (16), and at the same time to the rechargeable battery (12,14) via a a charge regulator (15), which in a known manner regulates (limits) the charge current of the battery for recharging it as the energy from it is consumed to operate the vehicle.
4. Transportsystem ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det genopladelige batteris (12,14) primære funktion i køretøjets elektriske system er som reservekapacitet (backup) i tilfælde, hvor superkondensatoren (11, 13) er tømt for energi, inden køretøjet har nået næste ladestation på ruten.Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary function of the rechargeable battery (12,14) in the electrical system of the vehicle is as backup capacity (backup) in cases where the supercapacitor (11, 13) is depleted of energy before the vehicle has reached next charging station on the route.
5. Transportsystem ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at køretøjets elektriske drivsystem omfatter et regenerativt bremsesystem, hvor den ved bremsning frembragte elektriske strøm ledes retur til superkondensatoren (11, 13).Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric drive system of the vehicle comprises a regenerative braking system, in which the electric current generated by braking is returned to the supercapacitor (11, 13).
6. Transportsystem ifølge krav 1,kendetegnet ved, at køretøjets strømaftastersystem omfatter en hævbar kontaktarm eller pantograf (7, 28) anbragt på taget (6) af køretøjet (1), og en sænkbar kontaktarm (8) monteret på undersiden af køretøjet, og at de forskellige strømaftastere (7, 8,28) er fjedrende og/eller bevægelige op og ned v hj af elektriske aktuatorer eller lignende pneumatiske, hydrauliske eller mekaniske aktiveringsmekanismer.Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle pantograph system comprises a swivel contact arm or pantograph (7, 28) arranged on the roof (6) of the vehicle (1) and a lowerable contact arm (8) mounted on the underside of the vehicle, and that the various current sensors (7, 8,28) are resilient and / or movable up and down by electric actuators or similar pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical actuation mechanisms.
7. Transportsystem ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at hver ladestation i hovedsagen består af en lodret stander (20), der bærer en vandret kontaktskinne (23) i passende frihøjde over vejbanen (21), hvilken kontaktskinne udgør den ene strømterminal eller pol i ladestationen, og en anden strømterminal i form af en i vejbanen (21) nedfældet, metallisk jordkontaktskinne (24), hvilket udgør jordforbindelsen i det elektriske kredsløb, hvori køretøjet indgår under ladeprocessen, og at de to terminaler (23,24) er placeret således i forhold til hinanden, at køretøjets strømaftastere (7, 8) er i kontakt med de respektive terminaler, når køretøjet befinder sig i holdeposition ved stoppestedet/] adestationen.Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that each charging station consists essentially of a vertical stand (20) carrying a horizontal contact rail (23) at a suitable clearance above the roadway (21), the contact rail constituting one current terminal or pole in the the charging station, and another power terminal in the form of a metallic ground contact rail (24), which is deposited in the roadway (21), which constitutes the grounding of the electrical circuit in which the vehicle forms part of the charging process and that the two terminals (23,24) are located thus in relation to each other, that the vehicle power sensors (7, 8) are in contact with the respective terminals when the vehicle is in the holding position at the stop / / the station.
8. Transportsystem ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at hver ladestation i hovedsagen består af en lodret stander (20), som i passende frihøjde over vejbanen (21) bærer en to- eller flerpolet kontaktskinne (26, 27), og at hvert køretøj (1) er udstyret med en til denne kontaktskinne korresponderende flerpolet strømaftaster (28, 29, 30) anbragt på taget (6) af køretøjet (1).Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that each charging station consists essentially of a vertical stand (20) which carries at appropriate height above the roadway (21) a two or multiple pole contact rail (26, 27) and that each vehicle (1) is provided with a multi-pole power sensor (28, 29, 30) corresponding to this contact rail mounted on the roof (6) of the vehicle (1).
9. Transportsystem ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at køretøjet foruden det beskrevne elektriske drivsystem baseret på genopladelige batterier og superkondensatorer beregnet til jævnlige genopladninger ved stoppesteder eller ladestationer, er forsynet med en mindre hjælpemotor (benzin, diesel, eller gasmotor), som er koblet til en elektrisk generator, og at denne generator er indrettet til at supplere strømforsyningen fra det genopladeligt batteri og superkondensatoren efter behov, eksempelvis på længere kørestrækninger.Transport system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle, in addition to the described electric drive system based on rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors intended for regular recharges at stops or charging stations, is equipped with a small auxiliary engine (gasoline, diesel or gas engine) which is coupled to an electrical generator, and that this generator is adapted to supplement the power supply from the rechargeable battery and supercapacitor as needed, for example on longer journeys.
10. Transportsystem ifølge krav 9, kendetegnet ved, at køretøjet er en kombination af den teknik, der kendes fra hybridbusser og hybridbiler, og den teknik baseret på energilagring i superkondensatorer og genopladelige batterier, der er omhandlet i de foregående krav.Transport system according to claim 9, characterized in that the vehicle is a combination of the technique known from hybrid buses and hybrid vehicles, and the technique based on energy storage in supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries as claimed in the preceding claims.