DK200600153U3 - Natural remedy based on quinoa for use in plant production - Google Patents

Description

DK 2006 00153 U3

Title: Natural remedy based on quinoa for use in plant production Technical area

The present invention relates to an agent based on natural or natural identical active substances for use in plant production.

Technical background

It is well known that fungal diseases can have major economic consequences in, for example, orchards and in vegetable cultivation. An example is apple scab caused by the fungus Venturia inaequafis, which is the culprit that most often prevents a good external quality of apples. Scab is due to brown to black spots on the fruit and may attack for years and on some varieties so vigorously that the apples become very small, malformed and completely unfit for eating. This fungal disease is the cause of a large yield and a very large decline in quality in both organic and conventional production.

Some organic growers use organic pesticides in trying to control the fungal disease. In Denmark, only the use of spray sulfur is approved, and this does not work curatively on apple scab. In other European countries, the more efficient sulfur lime and copper agents in organic apple production are allowed. The use of copper has been banned in organic apple growing in Denmark for over 10 years and is being phased out in the EU. Therefore, there is a great need for alternatives.

Also in the conventional production of fruits and vegetables, fungal diseases are a major problem, and chemical pesticides are widely used to limit damage. Some of these pesticides, such as pyrimethanil and tolyl fluanide have been declared as environmentally hazardous, toxic and irritating, but are nevertheless increasingly used. The use of such pesticides can cause residues in fruits and vegetables, and a recent statement from the National Food Agency has shown that 61 percent of the apples tested contained residues of fungal toxins.

Alternatives to copper and sulfur and chemical pesticides can be found in natural remedies. It is known that many plants contain various functional, fungicidal and / or antibacterial agents, including saponins, flavonoids, tannins, hydroxycymenes and terpenes, and it is also known to utilize such active substances from plant materials in humans. and animals. Another mechanism of action is based on activating the plant's natural defense mechanisms, also known as "Induced resistance".

An example of such a plant is quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). In vitro antifungal activity of saponins has been found in quinoa (Favel et al., 1994: In vitro antifungal activity of triterpenoid saponins. Plant Med 60, 50-53.). Oleano-10 lic acid saponins, also found in quinoa, also showed effects against insects (Mexican bean beettle larvae) (Marquina et al. 2001: Bioactive oleanolic acid saponins and other constituents from the roots of Viguiera decurrens. Phytoche-mistry 56 (1), 93-97).

15 Various patents describe quinoa as a basis for protecting plants against bacterial diseases (US 2003162731 and US2005261129 and CA2482090) and as protection against both bacterial and fungal diseases (W00160153). However, none of the patents describe a yield enhancing effect. Also, no effect was noted against fungi from the following classes, orders, families, genera and species 20 covered by this utility model (Table 1).

3DK 2006 00153 U3

Table 1. Systematic breakdown of pathogens not covered by the above patent (Danish names in brackets).

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4 DK 2006 00153 U3

Especially quinoa can be thought partly to have an effect on the aforementioned mushrooms and partly to a yield enhancing effect.

Furthermore, many of the known pesticides based on synthetic products are costly and not always effective. Thus, a cost-effective alternative is needed.

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Also fungal diseases other than apple curd can have major economic consequences for organic and traditional cultivation of, among other things. fruit and vegetables. By way of example

Leaf Plains judgments such as the apple basket (Venturia inaequalis),

Cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii)

Rose radish (Marssonina rosae) Pear basket (Venturia pirina)

Mildew and various plants such as Rosemary (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. Pannosa)

Begonia mildew (Microsphaera begoniae) Applesauce (Podosphaera leucotricha)

Gooseberry killer (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) attacking black currant and gooseberry {Ribes spp.)

Strawberry mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis)

Wine moth (Uncinula necator)

Potato mildew, basket flower mildew and others. (eg, Erysiphe cichoracearum)

Other mildew that attacks pumpkin (Cucurbita) and cucumber (Cucumis spp.).

Other mildew pathogens on other plants

Inventory inventory on fruit like

Yellow and gray fruit mold (Monilia fructigena, M. laxa)

Brush mold (Penicillium expansum)

Gloeosporium and bitterness (Pezicula alba, P. malicorticis) 5 DK 2006 00153 U3

Other serious plant diseases such as

Soot stain (Gloeodes pomigena) and fly spotted (Zygophiala jamaicensis) on apple Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on various plants such as geraniums Bladder disease (Taphrina deformans) on peach

Grid rust (Gymnosporangium sabinae / G. fuscum) on pear Cancer (Nectria galligena) on fruit trees

Rose rust (Phragmidium tuberculatum and other Phragmidium species)

mold

Fungal-like pathogenic organisms in Oomycota, especially the fungal family (.Peronosporaceae), which cause mold, among others.

Wine mold {Plasmopara viticola)

Cucumber mold (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Onion mold (Peronospora destructor)

Other molds on other plants

The fungal family (Pythiaceae), which causes potato mold in plants belonging to the Night Shadow family (Sotanaceae), i.a. potato mold Phytophthora infestans that attacks potatoes and tomatoes.

It has now surprisingly been found that a product in the form of natural active ingredients from Quinoa is an excellent solution to this problem probably due to the content of saponins. However, it is believed that other unknown mechanisms also contribute to the surprising effect of using Quinoa as a pesticide.

The present invention is based on this discovery.

Brief Description of the Invention

The present invention relates to a natural agent for use as a pesticide against specific fungi and as a production promoter in plant production, which, in addition to any conventional adjuvants or additives, contains natural and / or natural identical active substances which can be recovered from a plant material derived from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa).

The invention further relates to a method for controlling fungal diseases in plant production, preferably in the orchard and vegetable production, preferably apple curd caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, and other diseases, preferably:

Leaf blemishes such as the apple basket (Venturia inaequalis),

Cherry leaf patch [Blumerielta jaapi)

Rose radish (Marssonina rosae) Pear basket (Venturia pirina)

Mildew on various plants such as Rosemary (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. Pannosa)

Begonia mildew (Microsphaera begoniae) Apple mildew Podosphaera leucotricha

Gooseberry killer (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) attacking black currant and gooseberry (Ribes spp.)

Strawberry mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis)

Wine moth (Uncinula necator)

Potato mildew, basket flower mildew and others. (eg Erysiphe cichoracearum)

Other mildew that attacks pumpkin (Cucurbita) and cucumber (Cucumis spp.).

Other mildew pathogens on other plants

Lower sweat on fruit like

Yellow and gray fruit mold (Monilia fructigena, M. taxa)

Brush mold (Penicillium expansum)

Gloeosporium advice and bitterness {Pezicula alba, P. malicorticis)

Other serious plant diseases such as 7 DK 2006 00153 U3

Soot stain (Gloeodes pomigena) and fly spotted (Zygophiala jamaicensis) on apple Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on various plants such as geraniums Bladder disease (Taphrina deformans) on peach

Grid rust (G. sabinae / G. fuscum) on pear Cancer (Nectri galligena) on fruit trees

Rose rust (Phragmidium tuberculatum and other Phragmidium arterj Mold)

Fungal-like pathogenic organisms in Oomycota, especially the fungal family (Peronosporaceae), which cause mold, among others.

Wine mold (Plasmopara viticola)

Cucumber mold (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Onion mold (Peronospora destructor)

Other molds on other plants

The fungal family (Pythiaceae), which causes potato mold blight in plants belonging to the Night Shadow family (Solanaceae), i.a. potato mold Phy-tophthora infestans that attack potatoes and tomatoes.

The agent is even partly based on waste products that currently have no other practical use, which makes the active components very cheap and cost-effective and simplifies the preparation of the agent.

The scope of the applicability of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. However, it is to be understood that the detailed description and specific examples which indicate preferred embodiments of the invention are provided by way of illustration only, as various changes and modifications within the scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description.

Detailed description of the invention

Quinoa included in the composition of the invention can be obtained from some by-products obtained from the manufacture of conventional plant products.

8 DK 2006 00153 U3

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) originates in the highlands around Lake Titicaca. Quinoa has been cultivated since 5000 BC. and is thus one of the oldest crops in the world. It is one of the most important crops in the Andean region, where it is used as a food of high nutritional value. The quinoa seed contains a core that is covered with a bitter saponin-high shell, which must be removed before using quinoa in cooking and forage. It is estimated that 10% of the harvested yield is made of shell flour. The shell is removed by grinding by mechanical action. The saponins can also be washed out of the untreated quinoa (including shell), using water. The saponin content is estimated to be 10-15% in the oatmeal.

By washing the untreated quinoa seed (including shell), the liquid product obtained can be dried to a water content of not more than 8-15%, usually to a maximum water content of 10% water, or it can be preserved, for example by adding 0 to 30 weight % NaCl, or another salt, and then stored for later drying. To further ensure shelf life, it is advantageous to add 0 to 5% of an acid acceptable in plant production, such as citric acid, tartaric acid or lactic acid or a mixture thereof, which addition has a positive influence on the product's effect. Other possible substances to increase durability may be e.g. potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and calcium propionate.

The skimmed flour product can be further concentrated as necessary by removing part of the water in the product. This can be done by filtration, by extraction, by centrifugation, and by other conventional methods.

The component of the invention thus relates to a product based on dried and ground quinoa skull flour, or an extract thereof, or a concentrated liquid arising from washing the untreated quinoa seed (incl. Shell).

Quinoa contains a number of interesting active substances. Among the most important are triterpene saponins, besides polyphenols.

The agent according to the invention has, inter alia, the following beneficial effects: • Protection against fungi in plant production, preferably in fruit and green matter 9 DK 2006 00153 U3 case production. The protection can be preventive as well as therapeutic.

• Yield enhancement / growth promoting • Healthier appearance, greener and glossier leaves and plant parts 5

The cause of the protection has not yet been fully established, but is believed to be based on, among other things, a surface-relaxing effect, a fungicidal effect and / or induced resistance.

The agent according to the invention can be used with great yield in the fruit and vegetable production. By way of example

Leaf spot judgments as apple basket (Venturia inaequalis), 15 Cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii)

Rose radish (Marssonina rosae) Pear basket (Venturia pirina)

Mildew on various plants such as 20 rose mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. Pannosa)

Begonia mildew (Microsphaera begoniae) Applesauce (Podosphaera leucotricha)

Gooseberry killer (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) attacking black currant and gooseberry (Ribes spp.) 25 Strawberry mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis)

Wine moth (Uncinula necator)

Potato mildew, basket flower mildew and others. {eg. Erysiphe cichoracearum)

Other mildew that attacks pumpkin (Cucurbita) and cucumber (Cucumis spp.).

Other mildew pathogens on other plants 30

Thigh injury on fruit like

Yellow and gray fruit mold (Monilia fructigena, M. laxa) 10 DK 2006 00153 U3

Brush mold (Penicillium expansum)

Gloeosporium advice and bitterness {Pezicula alba, P. malicorticis)

Other serious plant diseases such as

Soot stain (Gloeodes pomigena) and fly spotted (Zygophiala jamaicensis) on apple Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on various plants such as geraniums Bladder disease (Taphrina deformans) on peach

Grid rust {Gymnosporangium sabinae / G. fuscum) on pear Cancer (Nectria galligena) on fruit trees

Rose rust (Phragmidium tuberculatum and other Phragmidium species)

mold

Fungal-like pathogenic organisms in Oomycota, especially the fungal family (Peronosporaceae), which cause mold, among others.

Wine mold (Plasmopara viticola)

Cucumber mold (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Onion mold (Peronospora destructor)

Other molds on other plants

The fungal fungi (Pythiaceae), which cause potato mold in plants belonging to the Night Shadow fungi (Solanaceae), i.a. potato mold Phytophthora infestans that attack potatoes and tomatoes ..

Formulation of commercial products with the agent of the invention

Depending on the concentration and variation therein of the active substances relevant to the agent according to the invention, it may be necessary to mix the raw material with an appropriate carrier so that a final product which is reasonably standardized and partly in a technical form is obtained. appropriate form that is not too concentrated for mixing in products directly from the pesticide manufacturers, and partly for use by the fruit grower or farmer himself.

In order to achieve the said properties of the commercial agent, suitable carriers or anti-caking agents are primarily mineral carriers in the form of silicas, clay minerals and zeolites - especially sepiolite, clinoptilolite and Sipemat - and secondary vegetable carriers such as wheat flour, wheat flour, wheat flour, wheat flour, wheat flour, wheat flour, wheat flour, wheat flour, wheat flour, wheat flour, etc. Calcium carbonate can also be a useful carrier, not so much because of its technical properties, but because of its low cost. The same goes for grapefruit flour, which is a known carrier used frequently in animal feed. Maltodextrin is also a frequently used technical adjuvant.

The dosage will typically be 0.1 to 100 kg or liter calculated as dried extract used per day. ha, such as 1 - 50 kg or liter, especially 10 - 50 kg or liter.

The percentages given above refer to dried extracts. If the plant material is used in another form, e.g. if the component is in the form of dried, ground leaves or in the form of a liquid extract, its amount should be such that it contains a corresponding amount of active substances.

The agent of the invention has been found to have a significant and surprising effect on the control of fungal diseases. It is to be expected that the agent also has an effect on the control of other plant diseases.

examples

To verify the agent, a series of tests on apple seedlings grown under controlled conditions in growth chambers have been conducted.

Materials and method:

Apple seeds (Malus x domestica 'Golden delicious') are stratified at 4 ° C for approx. 3 weeks, individually dotted in soil in pots and grown at 15 ° C (12 hours light / 12 hours dark) for approx. 4 weeks until the plants have a minimum of 4 leaves.

Inoculum of a single pore isolate of Venturia inaequalis is prepared (1.5 x 105 conidia / ml) by Williams method (Williams, EB 1978. Handling the apple scab organism in laboratory and greenhouse. Proceedings of Apple and Pear Scab Workshop, Kansas City, Missouri, July 1976. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. Special Report 28: 16-18) and stored at -18 ° C until use,

Extracts of plant products are tested individually or in combinations.

12 DK 2006 00153 U3

Aqueous suspensions of liquid plant products are prepared at concentrations e.g. 5%, 2½% and 1% (v / v). Aqueous extracts of ground plant products are prepared at concentrations e.g. 5%, 2½% and 1% (w / v) and filtered through polyester tissue. Combinations of products are tested at concentrations 2½%. Sulfur (0.27% w / v) and water (control) are used as 5 reference treatments.

Apple plants are inoculated by hand spray and incubate under tightly sealed plastic cover without light for 2 days. The day before (preventive testing) or the day after (curative testing) is applied by hand sprayed extracts of plant products (8 plants per treatment). The plants are incubated at 15 ° C for (12 hours light / 12 hours 10 dark) under clear plastic cover with ventilation holes for two weeks after inoculation, after which symptoms of apple scab are determined on inoculated and treated leaves by means of a scale 0-7 (0 = No symptoms; 7 = More than 75% affected leaf area). Effect of treatments is analyzed statistically by SAS, version 8.2 (Statistical Analysis System, SAS Institute, Cary, NC).

15

Example 1

RESULTS

The following products have been tested individually and in combinations: • QUINOA powder: liquid aqueous extract of quinoa flour

The results below are from 2 preventative and one curative trial of quinoa tested individually where the overall wife. has been 2.5%.

20 13 DK 2006 00153 U3

Preventive treatments L ·. 4) S O O V) JSJ o. O. <

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Figure 1. Apple scab symptoms (0 = no symptoms, 7 = more than 75% scab leaves) on apple plants treated preventively with 2.5% extracts of the plant product Quinoa (Q) compared to water (control) or sulfur (0.27%). The two figures show 2 separate attempts.

14 DK 2006 00153 U3

Curative treatments

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Figure 2. Apple scab symptoms (0 = no symptoms, 7 = more than 75% scab leaves) on apple plants treated curatively with 2.5% extracts of plant product Quinoa (Q) compared to water (control) or sulfur (0.27% ).

The experiments showed that Quinoa had a beneficial effect on control and as a preventive treatment had an effect on the level of sulfur, while quinoa had a significantly better effect than sulfur tested as curative treatments.

10

Now that the invention has been described, it will be apparent that it will be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be considered as a departure from the scope of the invention, and all such modifications which will be apparent to those skilled in the art are also to be understood as encompassed by the scope of the following claims.

Claims (6)

15 DK 2006 00153 U3 1. Natural remedy for use as a pesticide against fungal diseases and as a production promoter in plant production, which, in addition to any conventional adjuvants or additives, contains natural and / or natural identical active substances which can be extracted from a plant material derived from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) . An agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the active component is derived from quinoa or from a by-product based on quinoa, or an extract thereof or from a combination of two or more quinoa products. An agent according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in an amount of agent calculated at 0.1 to 100 kg or liter calculated as dried extract used per ha, such as 1 - 50 kg or liter, especially 10-50 kg. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a carrier material acceptable for plant production. Use of an agent according to one or more of claims 1 to 4 for the protection of plants. Use of an agent according to one or more of claims 1 to 4 to achieve a growth-promoting effect in plants.