DK181537B1 - A method for recovering proteins from a plant material - Google Patents
A method for recovering proteins from a plant material Download PDFInfo
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- DK181537B1 DK181537B1 DKPA202270462A DKPA202270462A DK181537B1 DK 181537 B1 DK181537 B1 DK 181537B1 DK PA202270462 A DKPA202270462 A DK PA202270462A DK PA202270462 A DKPA202270462 A DK PA202270462A DK 181537 B1 DK181537 B1 DK 181537B1
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- juice
- plant material
- proteins
- lactic acid
- water
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 28
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 79
- 101100449439 Drosophila melanogaster grass gene Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 229940077731 carbohydrate nutrients Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 8
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000010624 Medicago sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940070376 protein Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 ny Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000019587 texture Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 101710138460 Leaf protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940046545 animal allergen extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000727 fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/006—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from vegetable materials
- A23J1/007—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from vegetable materials from leafy vegetables, e.g. alfalfa, clover, grass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
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Abstract
A method (1000) for recovering proteins from a plant material (10) for protein feed for mono-gastric animals, the method (1000) comprises steps of - providing (1100) the plant material (10) comprising plant cells with cell walls and at least 5 weight% water-soluble protein, - first fermenting (1200) the plant material (10) using homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria forming lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propionic acid, - pressing (1300) the plant material (10) thereby dividing the plant material into a pulp (20) and a juice (30) comprising the water-soluble protein and carbohydrates, - transferring (1400) the juice (30) to a reservoir, - second fermenting (1500) the juice (30) using homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria to catabolize the carbohydrates yielding lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propionic acid, wherein the water-soluble protein denatures and precipitates as a result of the decreasing pH-value, and - filtering (1600) the fermented juice (40), where the denatured proteins (50) are separated from the fermented juice (40), and the denatured protein and a filtered fermented juice is recovered.
Description
DK 181537 B1 1
A method for recovering proteins from a plant material
The present invention relates to a method for recovering proteins from a plant materi- al, for protein feed for mono-gastric animals.
Many mono-gastric animals are not adapted for assimilating proteins directly from plants such as grass, clover grass, and lucerne. The agricultural industry has thus for many years imported soya to use the soya protein as feed for the animals. Europe for example imports around 31 million tons soya a year. Considering that the majority of the global soya production originates from Argentina, Brazil, USA, and China, the importation of soya protein to e.g., Europe is not very sustainable. Furthermore, a sig- nificant part of the current soya production contributes to deforestation or the loss of other areas of natural vegetation. The use of soya protein for feed in the agricultural industry thus has a major negative climate footprint.
Methods have been developed to try and recover protein from plants such as grass, clover grass, and lucerne, that would allow mono-gastric animal to assimilate these grass proteins. The production of plant materials such as grass, clover grass, and lu- cerne is more sustainable than the production of soya plants, considering that these plant materials bind more CO» than forest per square meter. The production can fur- thermore be carried out locally, so that import over great distances is avoided.
Present day methods utilise fresh grass which is chopped and thereafter pressed to recover a juice containing the soluble proteins of the plant and a pulp containing fibres and insoluble proteins. The pulp is ill-suited as feed for ruminants e.g., cattle and is thus utilised at biogas plants. The juice either undergoes a heat treatment or an acidic treatment, where the juice is either heated to around 80 degrees Celsius or added sul- furic acid thereby decreasing the pH-value of the juice. Both heating and acidifying the acid causes the soluble proteins to denature, and the denatured proteins are re- trieved for feed for mono-gastric animals. Adding sulfuric acid has the downside of being expensive and preventing the recovered denatured soluble proteins from being classified as organic. The residual juice after retrieving the denatured soluble proteins
DK 181537 B1 2 has a high carbohydrate content and is currently only utilised in fertilizer or spread directly onto a field.
WO 2015/197078 Al describes a method for the isolation of leaf proteins for food and feed for monogastric animals, wherein freshly harvested green plant material is pressed immediately after harvest and at most three hours after harvest for obtaining a press cake and a green juice. The green juice is then added lactic acid bacteria and subjected to lactic acid fermentation, thereby obtaining a leaf protein concentrate and a brown juice.
US 4349570 A describes a process of treating the juice of squeezed vegetable material with a view to producing alimentary proteins and super-nitrogenated protein food that can be consumed by e.g. animals, wherein the squeezing juice obtained from pressing fresh vegetable material is submitted to an inoculation with mesophile homofer- mentive lactic acid bacteria. The inoculated juice is maintained at a temperature of 28- 35°C for 15-20 hours, thereby obtaining a suspension constituted by an insoluble frac- tion of proteins and a residual liquid phase.
The problem with present day methods is that they are energy heavy and expensive processes, where the production cost is around 2-4 €/kg protein. Comparing this to the cost of soya protein which is around 0.4 €/kg, there is no financial incentive for choos- ing the more sustainable grass protein.
There is a need in the art for a method for recovering proteins from plant material such as grass, clover grass, or lucerne, that is sustainable and cost efficient, so that the pro- duction cost is competitive with the price of soya protein.
Object of the Invention
The object of the invention is to provide a method for recovering proteins from plant material that is sustainable and cost-efficient, thereby providing a method that is com- petitive with the present methods and at the same time is sustainable.
DK 181537 B1 3
An object of the invention is achieved by a method for recovering proteins from a plant material for protein feed for mono-gastric animals. The method comprises steps of - providing the plant material comprising plant cells with cell walls and at least 5 weight% water-soluble protein, - first fermenting the plant material using homo and/or hetero lactic acid bac- teria forming lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propionic acid, - pressing the plant material, thereby dividing the plant material into a pulp and a juice comprising the water-soluble protein and carbohydrates, - transferring the juice to a reservoir, - second fermenting the juice using homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria to catabolize the carbohydrates yielding lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propionic acid, wherein the water-soluble protein denatures and precipitates as a result of the decreasing pH-value, and - filtering the fermented juice, where the denatured proteins are separated from the fermented juice, and the denatured protein and a filtered fermented juice is recovered.
The plant material may be grass, clover, clover grass, lucerne, or any other plant mate- rial with a high protein content.
In some embodiments the plant material may be a plant material that comprises at least 5 weight% water-soluble protein or at least 10 weight% water-soluble protein or at least 15 weight% water-soluble protein or at least 20 weight% water-soluble pro- tein.
The mono-gastric animals may be pigs, sheep, goats, poultry, and/or humans.
The step of first fermenting may be a step of first fermenting the plant material, where a pre-fermentation of the plant material is achieved. By performing a pre- fermentation, the step of second fermentation may be accelerated further as the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria are already active and multiplying.
DK 181537 B1 4
In some embodiments the step of first fermenting may be at step of first fermenting where the fermentation process is 3% completed.
The step of pressing may be a step of pressing the plant material comprising plant cells with cell walls, thereby breaking down the cell walls of the plant cells. When the cell walls are broken the plant material is divided into a pulp that comprises fibers and insoluble proteins, and a juice of that comprises water-soluble proteins and carbohy- drates, which are released from within the plant cells when the cell walls are broken.
In some embodiments the step of pressing may be a step of extruding the plant materi- al, thereby tearing the plant material more.
The pulp may be an insoluble fibrous mass that comprises insoluble proteins released from the plant cells.
The step of transferring may be a step of only transferring the juice. Thereby, only fluids and water-soluble substances are transferred to a reservoir.
The step of second fermenting may be a step of second fermentation of the juice re- covered from the step of pressing, where the use of homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria to catabolize the carbohydrates comprised in the juice yields lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propionic acid. The increasing acid concentration decreases the pH values of the juice, thereby changing the physical conditions of the water-soluble pro- teins comprised in the juice, causing the water-soluble proteins to denature and precip- itate. Thereby it is possible to recover the water-soluble proteins from the juice.
In some embodiments the step of first and/or second fermenting may be performed without external heating of the plant material and the juice. Thereby death of the ho- mo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria caused by heating may be avoided.
An advantage of this is that the energy required for the production is reduced and thus a more cost-efficient production is achieved.
DK 181537 B1
In other embodiments the step of first and/or second fermenting may be performed with external heating of the plant material and the juice, thereby controlling the growth of the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria and thus the speed of the fer- mentation process. 5
An advantage of this is that the optimal conditions for homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria multiplication and thus catabolic processes of homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria may be obtained, and the death of the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria may be avoided.
The temperature of the juice during the first and/or second step of fermenting may be between 5 and 40 degrees Celsius. The first and/or second step of fermenting is to be performed with as little heating as possible as the cost of heating is high. Thus, exter- nal heating is only applied to prevent the juice or plant material from freezing other- wise the juice or plant material should just have approximately the same temperature as the ambient temperature.
The second step of fermenting may result in a double fermentation of the plant materi- al.
The step of filtering may be a step filtering the fermented juice, where the denatured proteins are precipitated are separated from the fermented juice, thereby recovering a paste of the denatured proteins that may be used as protein feed for mono-gastric ani- mals and other animals e.g., cattle.
The filtrated fermented juice recovered from the step of second fermenting, may be a juice of a lower carbohydrate concentration compared to the juice before the step of second fermenting, as the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria have catabolized the carbohydrates present in the juice.
In some embodiments the filtrated fermented juice may undergo a step of refinement.
The filtrated fermented juice may undergo a step of recycling, where the filtrated fer- mented juice is transferred back to the plant material at the step of first fermenting,
DK 181537 B1 6 thereby utilising the active homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria in the filtrated fer- mented juice in the first fermentation process, thereby accelerating the fermentation process and obtaining a cyclic process.
The homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria may be contained in the plant material, so that only the plant material is added to the method and the natural catabolic processes of the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria comprised in the plant material is ex- ploited. This may include the catabolizing carbohydrates comprised in the plant cells yielding lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propionic acid and the denaturing and precipitation of water-soluble protein comprised in the plant cells under acidic condi- tions. Thereby the method may be carried out by only adding plant material and no other components.
An advantage of this is that the method is energy efficient and cheap with a produc- tion price of round 0.4 €/kg recovered soluble protein, which is cost competitive with imported soya protein.
The plant material utilised may be organic thereby the method produces organic pro- tein feed.
In an aspect of the method, the method may further comprise a step of - adding homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria to the plant material before the step of pressing, and/or - adding homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria to the juice before the step of fermenting.
The step of adding homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria before the step of ferment- ing may be step of pre-fermentation. By performing a pre-fermentation, the step of second fermentation may be accelerated further as the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria are already active and multiplying.
In some embodiments the pre-fermentation may be carried out, such that the fermenta- tion process is 3% completed.
DK 181537 B1 7
The second step of fermenting may result in a double fermentation of the plant materi- al.
In an aspect of the method, the plant material may comprise grass and/or clover and/or lucerne.
In an aspect of the method, the step of pressing may be or may include a step of ex- truding the plant material. Thereby the plant material may be torn more, resulting in a better and more efficient decomposition of the cell walls of the plant cells comprised in the plant material, and thus recovering a greater amount of water-soluble proteins.
An advantage of the step of pressing being a step of extruding is that the texture of the resulting pulp may be controlled in such a way that it becomes suited for e.g., cattle feed. This is due to the pulp keeping a greater level of texture compared to pulp made from prior art solutions where plant material is shredded before being pressed.
In an aspect of the method, the step of second fermenting may be performed until the pH-value of the juice is decreased to a pH of 3.5-3.9 or the pH-value of the juice is decreased relative to an initial pH-value.
The water-soluble protein may begin to denature when the pH-value of the juice de- creases relative to the initial pH-value of the juice, as the pH conditions are changing from the optimum pH conditions of the water-soluble protein.
Decreasing the pH-value of the juice to 3.5-3.9 may result in the majority of the wa- ter-soluble proteins denaturing and precipitating, thereby recovering the majority of the water-soluble proteins from the plant material.
In an aspect of the method, the method further comprises steps of - collecting the pulp recovered from the step of pressing, - storing the pulp while performing the steps of transferring, fermenting, and filtering the juice,
DK 181537 B1 8 - transferring a filtered fermented juice to the pulp, wherein the filtered fer- mented juice comprises a lower carbohydrate concentration compared to the juice before the step of second fermenting, - mixing the filtered fermented juice with the pulp.
An advantage of mixing the pulp and the filtered fermented juice is that it can be uti- lised as feed for ruminants such as cattle. Another advantage is that is contains 25- 28% more nutrition than the raw plant material.
A system for recovering proteins from a plant material for protein feed for mono- gastric animals by the method according to the invention comprises - a pressing mechanism configured for pressing the plant material, thereby dividing the plant material into a pulp and a juice comprising water-soluble proteins and carbohydrates, - a reservoir for fermenting the juice recovered from the pressing mechanism, - a filter configured for separating denatured water-soluble proteins from fermented juice.
The plant material may be grass, clover, clover grass, lucerne, or any other plant mate- rial with a high protein content.
The mono-gastric animals may be pigs, sheep, goats, poultry, and/or humans.
The pressing mechanism may press the plant material comprising plant cells with cell walls, thereby breaking down the cell walls of the plant cells. When the cell walls are broken the plant material is divided into a pulp that comprises fibers and insoluble proteins, and a juice that comprises water-soluble proteins and carbohydrates, which are released from within the plant cells when the cell walls are broken.
The pulp may be an insoluble fibrous mass that comprises insoluble proteins released from the plant cells.
The filtering may separate the fermented juice from the denatured proteins that are precipitated, thereby recovering a paste of the denatured proteins that may be used as protein feed for mono-gastric animals and/or other animals e.g., cattle.
DK 181537 B1 9
The filtrated fermented juice recovered from the step of fermenting, may be a juice of a lower carbohydrate concentration compared to the juice before the step of second fermenting, as the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria have catabolized the carbo- hydrates present in the juice.
The plant material utilised may be organic so that the method produces organic pro- tein feed.
In an embodiment of the system, the system may further comprise a container for stor- ing the pulp recovered from the pressing mechanism and for mixing the pulp with filtered fermented juice.
An advantage of this is that the mix of pulp with filtered fermented juice is that it can be utilised as feed for ruminants such as cattle. Another advantage is that is contains 25-28% more nutrition than the raw plant material.
In an embodiment of the system, the pressing mechanism may be an extruder or a press.
By using an extruder, the plant material may be torn more, resulting in a better and more efficient decomposition of the cell walls of the plant cells comprised in the plant material, and thus recovering a greater amount of water-soluble proteins.
An advantage of utilising an extruder for extruding the plant material is that the tex- ture of the resulting pulp may be controlled such that it becomes suited for e.g., cattle feed.
The juice made from the method according to anyone of claims 1-6 can be usedfor fermenting plant material comprising plant cells with cell walls and at least 5 weight% water-soluble protein.
Embodiments of the invention will be described in the figures, whereon:
DK 181537 B1 10
Fig. 1 illustrates a method for recovering proteins from a plant material for protein feed for mono-gastric animals
Figure 1 illustrates a method 1000 for recovering proteins from a plant material 10 for protein feed for mono-gastric animals. The method comprises a step of providing 1100 the plant material 10 comprising plant cells with cell walls and at least 5 weight% water-soluble protein
The plant material 10 may be grass, clover, clover grass, lucerne, or any other plant material with a high protein content.
In some embodiments the plant material 10 may be a plant material 10 that comprises 5 weight% water-soluble protein or 10 weight% water-soluble protein or 15 weight% water-soluble protein or 20 weight% water-soluble protein.
DK 181537 B1 11
The mono-gastric animals may be pigs, sheep, goats, poultry, and/or humans.
After providing 1100 the plant material 10, a step of first fermenting 1200 is initiated, where the plant material 10 uses homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria forming lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propionic acid.
The step of first fermenting 1200 may be a step of first fermenting 1200 the plant ma- terial 10, where a pre-fermentation of the plant material 10 is achieved. By performing a pre-fermentation 10, the step of second fermentation 1500 may be accelerated fur- ther as the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria are already active and multiplying.
In some embodiments the step of first fermenting 1200 may be at step of first ferment- ing 1200 where the fermentation process is 3% completed.
The method 1000 further comprises a step of pressing 1300 the plant material 10.
When pressing the plant material 10, which comprises plant cells with cell walls, the cell walls of the plant cells are broken. Thereby plant material 10 is divided into a pulp 20 that comprises fibres and insoluble proteins from the plant cells, and a juice 30 that comprises water-soluble proteins and carbohydrates, which are released from within the plant cells when the cell walls are broken.
In some embodiments the step of pressing may be a step of extruding the plant materi- al, thereby tearing the plant material more.
This is followed by a step of transferring 1400 the juice 30 to a reservoir. The step of transferring may be a step of only transferring the juice, thereby only transferring flu- ids and water-soluble substances to a reservoir.
In the reservoir a step of second fermenting 1500 is carried out, where the juice 30 is fermented using homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria to catabolize the carbohy- drates yielding lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propionic acid, wherein the water- soluble protein denature and precipitate as a result of the decreasing pH-value.
During the second fermentation of the juice 30 recovered from the step of pressing 1300, the use of homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria will catabolize the carbohy- drates comprised in the juice 30 yielding lactic acid and/or acetic acid and/or propion-
DK 181537 B1 12 ic acid. The increasing acid concentration decreases the pH values of the juice 30, thereby changing the physical conditions of the water-soluble proteins comprised in the juice 30, causing the water-soluble proteins to denature and precipitate. Thereby it is possible to recover the water-soluble proteins from the juice 30.
In some embodiments the step of first and/or second fermenting 1200,1500 may be performed without external heating of the plant material 10 or the juice 30. Thereby death of the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria caused by heating may be avoid- ed.
In other embodiments the step of first and/or second fermenting 1200,1500 may be performed with external heating of the plant material 10 or the juice 30, thereby con- trolling the growth of the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria and thus the speed of the fermentation process.
The second step of fermenting 1500 may result in a double fermentation of the plant material 10.
The step of second fermenting 1500 is followed by a step of filtering 1600 the fer- mented juice 40, where the denatured proteins 50 that are precipitated are separated from the fermented juice 40, thereby recovering a paste of the denatured proteins 50 that may be used as protein feed for mono-gastric animals and other animals e.g., cat- tle.
The filtrated fermented juice 40 recovered from the step of second fermenting 1500, may be a juice of a lower carbohydrate concentration compared to the juice 30 before the step of second fermenting 1500, as the homo and/or hetero lactic acid bacteria have catabolized the carbohydrates present in the juice 30.
In some embodiments the filtrated fermented juice 40 may undergo a step of refine- ment 1800.
The filtrated fermented juice 40 may undergo a step of recycling 1900, where the fer- mented juice 40 is recycled. The filtrated fermented juice 40 may be transferred back to the plant material 10, thereby utilising the active homo and/or hetero lactic acid
DK 181537 B1 13 bacteria in the filtrated fermented juice 40 in the first fermentation process 1200, ac- celerating the fermentation process and obtaining a cyclic process.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA202270462A DK181537B1 (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | A method for recovering proteins from a plant material |
| PCT/DK2023/050228 WO2024061435A1 (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-22 | A method and a system for recovering proteins from a plant material |
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| DKPA202270462A DK181537B1 (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | A method for recovering proteins from a plant material |
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| DK181537B1 true DK181537B1 (en) | 2024-04-10 |
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| ID23153A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 2000-03-23 | 2B Ag | METHOD OF USE OF BIOMAS COMING FROM GROWTH AND PRES-SCREW TOOLS TO COMPLETE SUCH METHODS |
| CN101744106B (en) * | 2009-12-26 | 2015-02-25 | 马林栋 | Process for preparing lactobacillus forced fermentation technique with pasture medium and versatile walk type pasture processing |
| US20180206523A1 (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2018-07-26 | Biotest Aps | A method of providing functional proteins from a plant material |
| CN104543393A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-29 | 邳州市东方养殖有限公司 | Processing method of comprehensive utilization of edible-medicinal fungi mushroom bran |
| CN110199014A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2019-09-03 | 维姆德拉特咨询有限公司 | Single cell protein from thermophilic fungal |
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