DK179933B1

DK179933B1 - Method and apparatus for deploying/retrieving tubular string from offshore rig

Info

Publication number: DK179933B1
Application number: DKPA201700361A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Golovinskij Nikolaj
Original assignee: Maersk Drilling A/S
Priority date: 2017-06-19
Filing date: 2017-06-19
Publication date: 2019-10-11
Also published as: NO20191470A1; GB2577424A; GB201917953D0; WO2018233783A1; GB2577424B; DK201700361A1

Abstract

A method and apparatus for deploying a tubular string from an offshore rig is disclosed, wherein the rig comprises a hull and a cantilever, the cantilever defining a well centre and being extendable over a side of the hull. A support structure is provided separately from the cantilever, wherein the support structure extends from a side of the hull, and multiple components are assembled to form a tubular string suspended from the support structure into a body of water, wherein the tubular string is off-set from the well centre of the cantilever. The tubular string is then aligned with the well centre of thecantilever. Also disclosed is a method and apparatus for retrieving a tubular string.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DEPLOYING/RETRIEVING TUBULAR STRING

FROM OFFSHORE RIG

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for performing offshore operations, including deploying and/or retrieving a tubular string from an offshore rig.

BACKGROUND

In the offshore oil and gas industry well operations are performed from specialised platforms or vessels, known colloquially as “rigs”. Multiple types of rig exist, such as fixed platforms, jack-ups, semi-submersibles, ships, barges and the like. The particular type of rig used can depend on a number of factors, such as water depth, rig availability, expected longevity of the associated reservoir, operational requirements and the like.

Offshore rigs typically define a well centre, wherein operations, such as drilling, deploying/retrieving equipment and the like, are performed along the well centre. The well centre therefore defines a critical work path, and many operations which require the facilities provided on the well centre, such as a derrick hoisting system, must necessarily be performed after the preceding operation has been completed. Such sequential performance of operations may therefore dictate the required rig time, and thus associated rig costs.

WO 2016/105187 discloses a vessel adapted to perform subsea wellbore related operations involving a riser string that is assembled from releasably interconnected riser sections and extends between a subsea wellbore and the vessel.

SUMMARY

There is provided an aspect of the present disclosure relating to a method for deploying a tubular string from an offshore rig according to claim 1.

Accordingly, the tubular string may be assembled at a location which is off-set from the well centre, and thus without occupying the well centre, saving operational time on this critical work path. While the tubular string is being assembled, other operations, such as drilling operations, assembling equipment, deploying equipment and the like, may be performed on the well centre. This may assist to reduce necessary rig time. Whenever operations require use of the assembled tubular string, said string may be aligned with the well centre.

Extending the tubular string into the body of water during assembly may permit extended lengths of tubular string to be formed. The ability to extend the tubular string into the body of water from the support structure may avoid limitations which might otherwise exist in relation to the available lifting height of lifting or hoisting equipment provided on the rig, the rig storage capacity and the like. This may allow tubular strings to be prepared for use which are of a length otherwise typically not permitted on an offshore rig, unless formed on the well centre. For example, while rigs may accommodate preassembled stands of tubulars, such as pre-connected lengths of riser, conductor pipe, casing and the like, these are typically restricted to the lifting height of the rig's hoisting equipment and/or the capacity of the storage bay. In some examples, the length of preassembled tubular stands provided on a rig may be limited to, for example, between 25 and 30 meters. In the present method, a tubular string may be assembled which significantly exceeds this otherwise restricted length, for example restricted only by the depth of the body of water.

The method may comprise assembling multiple tubular components together to define or form the tubular string. The method may comprise assembling individual lengths of tubular together. The method may comprise assembling together multiple stands of tubulars together, wherein each stand comprises two or more pre-assembled tubulars.

Individual components may be secured together by any desired method, such as threaded connection, quick-connector type connection, and the like. The method may comprise securing individual components together on or at the level of the support structure. The support structure may include or support appropriate equipment for use in securing individual components together, such as threading tongs, spiders (e.g., a riser spider) and the like.

The tubular string may comprise any form of tubular string for use in supporting well operations, including drilling operations, well casing operations, completion operations, intervention operations and/or the like.

In some examples, the tubular string may be provided to extend between subsea equipment and the rig. The subsea equipment may comprise, for example, a wellhead, a Xmas tree, a BOP and the like. The tubular string may define a riser, such as a high pressure riser. The tubular string may define a drilling riser. In such an example the tubular string may be formed by connecting together multiple riser joints. Each rise joint may comprise at least a primary tubular structure. Each riser joint may comprise one or more secondary tubular structures externally of the primary tubular structure.

The tubular string may comprise a conductor. A lower end of said conductor may extend below a seabed, and an upper end may extend above the body of water.

The tubular string may be provided to extend below the seabed, for example into a wellbore. In such an example the method may comprise extending the tubular string into the wellbore from the cantilever and along the well centre. The tubular string may define a casing string, liner string or the like.

The method may comprise completely assembling the tubular string prior to aligning with the well centre. In such an arrangement the tubular string may be ready for immediate use following alignment with the well centre. Alternatively, the method may comprise partially assembling the tubular string prior to aligning with the well centre, and subsequently completing the assembly while aligned on the well centre. For example, upper components of the tubular string, such as tension joints, diverters and the like may be assembled once aligned with the well centre. In some examples an upper end of the tubular string may be secured to a BOP stack provided on or in the cantilever. Completion of the assembly may be supported by or from the cantilever.

The method may comprise supporting the tubular string from the cantilever once said tubular string is aligned with the well centre. The method may comprise transferring support from the support structure to the cantilever. The method may comprise securing the tubular string to a lifting system of the cantilever once said tubular string is aligned with the well centre.

The method may comprise assembling components and progressively extending the length of the tubular string into the body of water. The method may comprise assembling components to progressively extend the tubular string to a required length. When at the required length the tubular string may extend to a desired depth within the body of water. In some examples the tubular string may be assembled such that a lower end is located in proximity to subsea equipment, such as a wellhead, Xmas tree, BOP or the like. In such an example the tubular string may be coupled to subsea equipment before or after being aligned with the well centre. The method may comprise installing suitable equipment at the lower end of the tubular string to facilitate connection with subsea equipment. Such equipment may be the first equipment assembled during the forming of the tubular string. Such equipment may include, for example, a connector, a connector landing frame and the like. In some examples other equipment may include stress joints and the like.

The method may comprise providing a tubular support apparatus on the support structure. The tubular support apparatus may function to support the tubular string during and after its assembly. That is, the tubular string may be at least partially suspended from the tubular support apparatus. The method may therefore comprise supporting the tubular string from the support apparatus provided on the support structure.

The tubular support apparatus may be an integral part of the support structure. Alternatively, the tubular support apparatus may be provided separately from the support structure and mounted thereon.

The tubular support apparatus may provide functionality to connect together components of the tubular string. As such, the method may comprise securing together adjacent components of the tubular string using the tubular support apparatus.

The tubular support apparatus may comprise a spider, such as a riser spider. The tubular support apparatus may comprise a slip apparatus.

Multiple individual components may be provided in a storage position, for example on the rig and/or on a separate service rig or vessel. In some examples multiple individual components may be stored on or above a main deck of the rig. Individual components may be stored within a storage bay, such as a tubular storage bay, for example a riser storage bay.

The method may comprise moving individual components from a storage position to be presented for assembly, for example presented for connection to a prior assembled component. The rig may comprise a transfer arrangement for transferring a component to be presented for assembly. In some examples the transfer arrangement may comprise a deck crane which may be utilised to transfer individual components to be presented for assembly. The transfer arrangement may comprise one or more winches or the like.

In some examples the support structure may be positioned or positionable so as to be within an operational envelope of a transfer arrangement, such as a deck crane.

The method may comprise stabilising an individual component during connection with another component. For example, the method may comprise stabilising an upper region of an individual component during connection to another component. A stabilising guide may be provided on the rig. In some examples the stabilising guide may be provided on the support structure. The stabilising guide may be provided separately from the support structure, for example extending from a deck, such as a main deck, of the rig.

The rig may comprise any form of rig or vessel. In some examples the rig may be a jackup rig. For example, the rig may comprise a plurality of legs arranged to be extended downwardly from the hull to engage the seabed and lift the hull above the surface of the body of water. The rig may be a drilling rig. In such an example the cantilever may comprise a drilling cantilever extendable over a side of the hull.

In some examples the cantilever and/or the support structure may extend outwardly, away from a rig centre. In alternative examples the cantilever and/or the support structure may extend over a moon-pool region of the rig.

The support structure may comprise a deck region. The deck region may provide a support surface, for example for the support and/or storage of equipment, components and the like. The deck region may permit personnel access.

The support structure may permit downward passage of the tubular string and/or individual components therethrough. The support structure may define an aperture therein to facilitate passage of the tubular string. In some examples the support structure may include multiple components arranged side-by-side, with a lateral separation gap therebetween to permit passage of the tubular string. In some examples a support apparatus for supporting the tubular string may extend between separate components of the support structure.

The support structure may be provided on the same side of the hull and the cantilever. As such, the support structure may be laterally off-set from the well centre of the cantilever in the direction of the side of the hull.

The support structure may be permanently extended over the side of the hull. Alternatively, the support structure may be extendable and retractable over the side of the hull.

The support structure may be mounted on a deck surface of the rig, and extended from the deck surface over the side of the hull. In some example the support structure may be skiddable relative to the deck surface to be selectively extended and retracted over the side of the hull.

The support structure may be mounted to a side region of the hull. In one example the support structure may be positioned below a main deck level of the rig, at least when the support structure is in operation.

The support structure may be pivotally mounted relative to the hull of the rig to permit the support structure to be selectively extended and retracted.

The support structure may be retrofitted to an existing rig.

The support structure may be provided by an existing structure of the rig. In some examples the support structure may be provided by a secondary deployable deck. The support structure may be provided by a Texas deck on the rig.

The method may comprise positioning the tubular string below the cantilever to be aligned with the well centre. A sufficient air gap may be provided to permit the tubular string to be positioned below the cantilever.

The method may comprise moving at least one of the well centre and the assembled tubular string to permit the tubular string to be aligned with the well centre.

In one example the method may comprise moving the assembled tubular string relative to the well centre to permit the tubular string to be aligned with the well centre. The tubular string may be moved separately from the support structure. Alternatively, the support structure with the tubular string suspended therefrom may be moved relative to the well centre/cantilever. The support structure may be skiddable relative to the hull.

In some examples the method may comprise transferring the support of the tubular string to the cantilever and subsequently moving the support structure to a retracted position.

The method may comprise moving, for example skidding the cantilever relative to the assembled tubular string to permit the tubular string to be aligned with the well centre. The method may comprise transferring the support of the tubular string to the cantilever and then moving the cantilever to a desired position.

There is provided another aspect of the present disclosure relating to an apparatus for the offshore deployment of a tubular string according to claim 14.

The support structure may be moveable relative to the cantilever to provide alignment of a suspended tubular string with the well centre.

The cantilever may be moveable relative to the support structure to provide alignment of a suspended tubular string with the well centre.

The apparatus may be provided to perform the method according to any other aspect. As such, features defined in relation to the method of any other aspect may form part of the apparatus of the present aspect.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for retrieving a tubular string from an offshore rig comprising a hull and a cantilever, the cantilever defining a well centre and being extendable over a side of the hull, the method comprising:

supporting the tubular string on the cantilever along the well centre and into a body of water;

providing a support structure separately from the cantilever, wherein the support structure extends from a side of the hull;

transferring support of the tubular string from the cantilever to the support structure;

moving the tubular string to a position which is off-set form the work centre while said tubular string remains extended into the body of water; and disassembling individual components from the tubular string.

The method for retrieving a tubular string may be performed using the same apparatus to initially deploy the tubular string, for example as defined in relation to any other apparatus or method aspect herein.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for the offshore retrieval of a tubular string, comprising:

a rig comprising a hull:

a cantilever defining a well centre and being extendable over a side of the hull; and a support structure provided separately from the cantilever, wherein the support structure extends from a side of the hull and facilitates disassembly of multiple components of a tubular string suspended from the support structure into a body of water;

wherein the well centre is alignable with a tubular string suspended from the support structure.

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for the offshore deployment/retrieval of a tubular string, comprising:

a rig comprising a hull:

a cantilever defining a well centre and being extendable over a side of the hull; and a support structure provided separately from the cantilever, wherein the support structure extends from a side of the hull and facilitates assembly/disassembly of multiple components of a tubular string suspended from the support structure into a body of water;

An aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for retro-fitting an offshore rig which comprises a hull and a cantilever defining a well centre and being extendable over a side of the hull, the method comprising:

installing a support structure which extends over a side of a hull, wherein the support structure is configured to facilitate assembly and disassembly of a tubular string which extends from the support structure and into a body of water, wherein the support structure and cantilever are moveable relative to each other between a first configuration in which the tubular string is off-set form the well centre, and a second configuration in which the tubular string supported by the support structure is aligned with the well centre.

Further aspects of the present disclosure may relate to methods and/or apparatus for deploying and/or retrieving an elongate body to/from an offshore rig. In this respect, references to a tubular string and individual components thereof in any aspect presented above may be substituted for any elongate body, tubular or otherwise.

It should be understood that features defined in relation to one aspect may be applied in combination with any other aspect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other aspects of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 illustrates an example offshore jack-up rig;

Figure 2 diagrammatically illustrates a front view of the rig of Figure 1, with a cantilever extended;

Figures 3 to 9 diagrammatically illustrate sequential stages in the deployment of a tubular string from the rig of Figure 1, wherein the rig is shown in side view in each of Figures 3 to 9; and

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate alternative sequential stages in the deployment of a tubular string from the rig of Figure 1.

DETAILED DESCRITPION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for deploying and or retrieving a tubular string from an offshore rig. Any form of rig may be utilised. However, for the illustrative purposes only, the following description is provided with reference to a cantilever style jack-up drilling rig.

Figure 1 illustrates a jack-up drilling rig, generally identified by reference numeral 10. The rig 10 comprises a hull 12 and multiple jack legs 14 (three in the specific example disclosed) which extend downwardly through the hull 12 via respective jacking mechanisms 14. In Figure 1 the rig 10 is illustrated with the legs 14 fully jacked in a retracted position, such that the hull may float on the surface 16 of a body of water 18, and thus transported to a desired location.

The rig 10 further comprises a drilling cantilever 20 which is mounted on a deck surface 22 of the hull 12. The cantilever 20 is skiddable on the deck surface 22 so as to be extendable over a side of the hull 12 to preform desired operations. In the configuration of Figure 1, however, the cantilever 20 is shown in a fully retracted position.

The cantilever 20 carries a derrick 24 which incorporates various equipment known in the art, such as a lifting or hoisting system 26. The cantilever 20 defines a well centre 28 wherein operations, such as drilling, deploying/retrieving equipment and the like, are performed along the well centre 28, normally utilising the hoisting system 26.

The rig 10 further comprises a retractable deck structure 30 mounted to the side of the hull 12 via hinged connections 32 at a location below the deck surface 22. In the present example the deck structure 30 includes two deck halves 30a, 30b which are illustrated in Figure 1 in a retracted position, specifically folded upwardly (pivoted about hinged connections 32). Various terms may be used in the art for such a deck structure 30, and in some examples the deck structure 30 may be referred to as a Texas deck. As will be described in further detail below, the deck structure 30 defines a support structure when extended.

The rig 10 further comprises various deck equipment, such as a deck crane 34.

Reference is now made to Figure 2 which diagrammatically illustrates the rig 10 of Figure 1 in front elevation view, and in an operational configuration. In this respect the legs 14 are jacked downwardly to engage the sea bed 36 and to raise the hull 12 above the surface 16 of the body of water 18. The cantilever 20 is extended over the side of the hull 12, and for illustrative purposes only is shown performing an operation, such as a drilling operation, along the well centre 28. The deck structure 30 is also shown deployed, extending generally perpendicularly from the side of the hull 12, and being located vertically below the level of the cantilever 20. However, as will become apparent from the following description, the cantilever 20 and the deck structure 30 are capable of being horizontally or laterally off-set from each other.

A sequence of operations for deploying a tubular string from the rig 10 will now be described with reference to Figures 3 to 9, which diagrammatically illustrate the rig 10 in side elevation, specifically the side of the rig 10 from which the cantilever 20 and support deck 30 extend. In the specific example the tubular string being deployed is a high pressure drilling riser, and reference to such will be made. However, it should be recognised that any form or type of tubular string may alternatively/additionally be deployed, such as a conductor, casing string, liner string or the like. Further, while the specific example of a tubular string being deployed is presented, it should be recognised that the present disclosure may also be used to deploy and elongate body, tubular or otherwise.

Referring first to Figure 3, the deck structure 30 (or support structure) is moved, for example via a skidding system (not shown), laterally along the side of the hull 12 to be laterally off-set from the well centre 28 of the cantilever 20. For illustrative purposes only, the cantilever 20 is shown performing an operation, such as a drilling operation, along the well centre 28, in which a structure 38 (such as a drilling string etc.) is suspended from the hoisting system 26 of the derrick 24, extending to and/or through subsea equipment 40 mounted on the seabed 36. The drilling operation may be performed to drill an initial surface bore, for example.

As will be described below, the deck structure 30 permits a drilling riser to be assembled without occupying the well centre 28, thus allowing simultaneous operations to be performed. This may provide time efficiencies, reducing required rig time and associated costs.

As noted above, the deck structure 30 is positioned to be laterally off-set from the well centre 28, as illustrated in Figure 3. In the specific example the two deck halves 30a, 30b are arranged with a lateral separation gap therebetween, and a tubular support apparatus in the form of a riser spider 42 is positioned to span across the gap. In other examples the tubular support apparatus may comprise a slip assembly or the like. The deck crane 34 may be utilised to place components which are intended to make up a lower portion of the drilling riser on the deck structure 30 (for example on one of the deck halves 30a, 30b), such as a lower connector package 44 and a stress joint 46. Once the stress joint 46 is connected to the lower connector package 44 and pressure tested if desired, the formed sub-assembly may be extended below the deck structure 30, and through the riser spider 42, using the deck crane 34, with a guide structure 48 optionally used to assist to guide and stabilise the upper region of the stress joint 46 during deployment. The riser spider 42 may function to support the stress joint 46, thus suspending the sub-assembly from the deck structure 30.

In a subsequent step, illustrated in Figure 4, a first intermediate riser joint 50a may be moved by the deck crane 34 from a storage bay 54 on the rig 10 and be presented, via the guide structure 48, to the upper end of the stress joint 46, with a connection between the stress joint 46 and the first intermediate joint 50 being made-up, for example by the riser spider 42, or any alternative connection mechanism. The created sub-assembly may then be lowered through the riser spider 42 via the deck crane 34, with the weight of the sub-assembly being transferred to the riser spider 42. At this stage, depending on the length of the individual components and the height of the hull 12 above the water surface 16, a lower end of the sub-assembly may be immersed within the body of water 18.

As illustrated in Figure 5, a second riser joint 50b is transferred from the storage bay 54 and connected, via the riser spider 42, to the upper end of the first intermediate joint 50a, with the sub-assembly then lowered further and suspended from the riser spider 42. This process of adding additional intermediate joints 50c-e transferred from the storage bay 54 may be repeated, as illustrated in Figure 6, until a desired length of a riser 56 is formed and suspended from the deck structure 30 into the body of water 18. In the present example the riser 56 is formed to have a sufficient length which places the lower connector package 44 approximately at the depth of the subsea equipment 40.

Subsequently, as illustrated in Figure 7, operations along the well centre 28 may be terminated with any deployed equipment retrieved, and the deck structure 30 and supported drilling riser 56 translated below the cantilever 20 such that the drilling riser 56 is generally aligned with the well centre 28. When in this position the lower connector package 44 is generally aligned over the subsea equipment 40.

As illustrated in Figure 8, the drilling riser 56 is then coupled to the hoisting system 26 of the derrick, such that the weight of the drilling string 56 may be transferred from the deck structure 30 to the cantilever 20. The deck structure 30 may remain in this position to support any operations to complete the assembly of the drilling riser 56, for example to include upper riser components such as a tension joint 58.

As illustrated in Figure 9, the completed drilling riser 56 may be secured to the subsea equipment 40 by establishing a connection via the lower connector package 44, and the deck structure 30 may optionally be moved or retracted from beneath the cantilever 20.

In the example presented above the formed drilling riser 56 is aligned with the well centre 28 of the cantilever 20 by moving the deck structure 30. However, in an alternative example, where the rig 10 permits, the cantilever 20 may be laterally translated over the deck structure 30 and suspended drilling riser 56, as shown in Figure 10. The drilling riser 56 may be secured to the hoisting system 26 and, as illustrated in Figure 11, the cantilever 20 moved to position the drilling riser as required, for example to be finally deployed as shown in Figure 9.

The examples presented above illustrate the deployment of a tubular member. However, it should be recognised that the present disclosure extends to retrieval of a deployed tubular member. In this respect, the same apparatus may be used, generally in reverse operation, to permit retrieval.

Further, in some examples multiple tubular strings may be created and stored at an offset position.

It should be understood that the examples provided above are presented only for illustrative purposes of the present disclosure, and that various modifications may be made thereto. Further, the drawings presented are diagrammatic, and may not reflect actual scale.

Claims

P a t e n t k r a v:

A method of using a tubular string from an offshore drilling rig (10) comprising a hull (12) and a cantilever lever (20), the cantilever defining a well center (28) which can be extended over a side of the hull (12), the method comprising:

providing a support structure (30) separate from the cantilever (20), the support structure (30) extending from one side of the hull (12);

assembling several components to form a tubular string (38) suspended from the support structure (30) into a body of water, the tubular string (38) being offset from the well center (28) of the cantilever (20) and adjusting the tubular string (38 ) to the well center (28) of the boom (20), characterized in that:

the offshore rig (10) is an offshore jack-up drilling rig, the outrigger (20) is a drilling outrigger, and the drilling outrigger (20) is mounted on the cover surface (22) of the hull (12) where it can be slid out.

The method of claim 1, comprising assembling a plurality of tubular components to define or form the tubular string (38) and securing individual components to each other at or level with the support structure (30).

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure (30) comprises equipment for use in attaching individual components to each other.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tubular string (38) is provided to extend between subsea equipment and the rig and optionally into a borehole.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tubular string (38) comprises at least one of a riser, a conductor, a casing string and a liner string.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, which method comprises partially assembling the tubular string (38) before fitting it to the well center (28) and subsequently completing the assembly while fitting it to the well center (28).

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, which method comprises providing a tubular support device on the support structure (30), wherein the tubular support device is intended to support the tubular string (38) during and after its assembly, wherein it tubular support apparatus comprises at least one of a spider apparatus and a slip apparatus.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure (30) is provided on the same side of the hull and the drill cantilever (20).

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure (30) is mounted on a side area of the hull (12).

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure (30) is placed below a level of the main deck of the rig (10), at least when the support structure (30) is in operation.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure (30) is provided by a Texas deck on the rig.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, which method comprises placing the tubular string (38) below the cantilever (20) so that the tubular string (38) can be adapted to the well center (28).

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises moving at least one of the well center (28) and the pre-assembled tubular string (38) to enable the tubular string (38) to be fitted to the well center. (28).

An apparatus for offshore use of a tubular string (38), the apparatus comprising:

a rig (10) comprising a hull (12):

a cantilever (20) defining a well center (28) and extendable over one side of the hull (12); and

10 a support structure (30) provided separately from the cantilever (20), the support structure (30) extending from one side of the hull (12) and making it possible to assemble several components to form a tubular string (38) suspended from the support structure ( 30) into a body of water;

where the well center (28) can be adapted to a tubular string (38) suspended from

15 the support structure (30), characterized in that:

the rig (10) is a jack-up rig, the cantilever (20) is a drilling cantilever and the drilling cantilever (20) is mounted on a deck surface (22) of the hull (12) where it can be slid out.