DK176345B1 - Process and holder for bit handling - Google Patents

Process and holder for bit handling Download PDF

Info

Publication number
DK176345B1
DK176345B1 DK200400132A DKPA200400132A DK176345B1 DK 176345 B1 DK176345 B1 DK 176345B1 DK 200400132 A DK200400132 A DK 200400132A DK PA200400132 A DKPA200400132 A DK PA200400132A DK 176345 B1 DK176345 B1 DK 176345B1
Authority
DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
bit
screw
holder
bit holder
bits
Prior art date
Application number
DK200400132A
Other languages
Danish (da)
Inventor
Morten Zwergius
Original Assignee
Morten Zwergius
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Morten Zwergius filed Critical Morten Zwergius
Priority to DK200400132A priority Critical patent/DK176345B1/en
Priority to CNB200580003476XA priority patent/CN100436078C/en
Priority to EP05700597A priority patent/EP1713625A1/en
Priority to AU2005209039A priority patent/AU2005209039A1/en
Priority to CA002554130A priority patent/CA2554130A1/en
Priority to US10/597,401 priority patent/US20090188823A1/en
Priority to PCT/DK2005/000047 priority patent/WO2005072915A1/en
Publication of DK200400132A publication Critical patent/DK200400132A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK176345B1 publication Critical patent/DK176345B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25HWORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
    • B25H3/00Storage means or arrangements for workshops facilitating access to, or handling of, work tools or instruments
    • B25H3/003Holders for drill bits or the like

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Workshop Equipment, Work Benches, Supports, Or Storage Means (AREA)
  • Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Description

-1- DK 176345 B1-1 DK 176345 B1

Fremgangsmåde og holder til bit-håndtering.Process and holder for bit handling.

Den foreliggende opfindelse omhandler en fremgangsmåde til isætning og udtagning af skmebits fra en bitholder, og en bitholder til gennemførelse af 5 fremgangsmåden.The present invention relates to a method for inserting and removing schmebits from a bit holder and a bit holder for carrying out the method.

Fra US 5.188.242 kendes en bitholder, der er udformet som en klods med et antal gennemgående huller, i hvilke en skruebit kan indsættes fra oversiden af bitholderen og tages ud fra undersiden. Bitholderen har en tykkelse på 5/8” -3/4”, 15,8 -19 mm. En skruebit har en længde på 25 mm, hvoraf soklen har en 10 længde på ca. 15 mm. Dersom en skruebit skal tages ud af bitholderen fra neden ved at soklen fastgøres i en skruemaskine eller andet værktøj, skal soklen rage 11 mm neden for bitholderens underside. Den resterende længde 25 + 11 - 14 mm er placeret i bitholderen. Med en tykkelse af bitholderen på 15,8 -19 mm bliver spidsen af skruebitten ikke synlig. Da en skruebit indsættes fra oven i 15 bitholderen med spidsen øverst og soklen nederst, skal den presses ned i bitholderen ved håndkraft, hvilket er besværligt og kræver arbejdshandsker eller andet udstyr, da spidsen har skarpe kanter. Endvidere skal skruebitten skydes et stykke ned i et hul i bitholderen, så oversiden af spidsen har en afstand på 1,8 -4 mm fra oversiden af bitholderen, hvilket kræver et hjælpeværktøj. Bitholderen 20 er fremstillet af et elastisk materiale, og huller har en lidt mindre diameter end en skruebit, hvorved bittene kan fastholdes i bitholderen.From US 5,188,242 there is known a bit holder which is designed as a block with a number of through holes in which a screw bit can be inserted from the top of the bit holder and taken out from the underside. The bit holder has a thickness of 5/8 ”-3/4”, 15.8 -19 mm. A screw bit has a length of 25 mm, of which the base has a length of approx. 15 mm. If a screw bit is to be removed from the bit holder from below by attaching the base to a screwdriver or other tool, the base must protrude 11 mm below the underside of the bit holder. The remaining length 25 + 11 - 14 mm is placed in the bit holder. With a thickness of the bit holder of 15.8 -19 mm, the tip of the screw bit will not be visible. Since a screw bit is inserted from the top into the bit holder with the tip at the top and the base at the bottom, it must be pressed down into the bit holder by hand, which is cumbersome and requires work gloves or other equipment as the tip has sharp edges. Furthermore, the screw bit must be pushed down a bit into a hole in the bit holder so that the top of the tip has a distance of 1.8 -4 mm from the top of the bit holder, which requires an auxiliary tool. The bit holder 20 is made of an elastic material and holes have a slightly smaller diameter than a screw bit, whereby the bits can be retained in the bit holder.

Det er en ulempe ved denne bitholder og andre kendte bitholdere, f.eks. i form af æsker, at bitten skiftes med fingrene fra holder eller æske til magnetbitholder eller omvendt, når man skifter til skruer med anderledes kærv. Det kræver to 25 hænder at tilvejebringe skiftet. Skiftet er besværligt og tidskrævende. Bittene er små og kan være vanskelige at holde fast i. Ofte ender bittene i lommen sammen med andre bit, hvor man så har problemet med at finde den rigtige bit næste gang, der skal skiftes.It is a disadvantage of this bit holder and other known bit holders, e.g. in the form of boxes that the bit is changed with the fingers from holder or box to magnetic bit holder or vice versa when changing to screws with different notches. It takes two 25 hands to provide the change. The shift is cumbersome and time consuming. The bits are small and can be difficult to hold. Often the bits end up in the pocket along with other bits, where you then have the problem of finding the right bit the next time you need to change.

Det er et formål med den foreliggende opfindelse at anvise en fremgangsmåde til 30 håndtering af skruebits fra en bitholder, ved hvilken de nævnte ulemper undgås.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for handling screw bits from a bit holder, avoiding said drawbacks.

Dette opnås ved den i krav 1 angivne fremgangsmåde.This is achieved by the method of claim 1.

Krav 2 omhandler en fremgangsmåde til afsætning afen skruebit i et hul i en bitholder.Claim 2 relates to a method of depositing a screw bit into a hole in a bit holder.

DK 176345 B1 -2-DK 176345 B1 -2-

Krav 3 omhandler en bitholder til gennemførelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen.Claim 3 discloses a bit holder for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Krav 4 omhandler en udførelsesform for en bitholder ifølge opfindelsen.Claim 4 relates to an embodiment of a bit holder according to the invention.

5 Krav 5 omhandler et foretrukket materiale til fremstilling af en bitholder ifølge opfindelsen, og krav 6 omhandler midler til fastgørelse af en bitholder ifølge opfindelsen.Claim 5 relates to a preferred material for preparing a bit holder according to the invention, and claim 6 relates to means for attaching a bit holder according to the invention.

Opfindelsen skal forklares nærmere i det følgende under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken 10 fig. 1 viser i fuld størrelse, i delvist snit og set fra siden, en holder til skruebits ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 viser i mindre målestok en holder til skruebits ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 3 viser en magnetbitholder, og fig. 4 viser en skruemaskine.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a full-scale, partial sectional side view of a screw bit holder according to the invention; FIG. Fig. 2 shows on a smaller scale a screw bit holder according to the invention; 3 shows a magnetic bit holder and FIG. 4 shows a screwdriver.

15 Det særlige, man opnår ved opfindelsen, er at holde bittene 2 samlet, samt at en bit 2 kan skiftes uden, at man skal have fat i den med fingrene. Man kan beholde skruemaskinen i brugerhånden og tage holderen 1 i den anden hånd.The special thing that is achieved by the invention is to hold the bits 2 together and that a bit 2 can be changed without having to grasp it with your fingers. You can keep the screwdriver in the user's hand and take the holder 1 in the other hand.

Holderen 1 kan eventuelt også fastgøres til beklædning, bælte, arm med videre. Fastgørelsen kan eventuelt ske ved hjælp af clips, spænde, velcro eller lignende.The holder 1 can optionally also be attached to the clothing, belt, arm and so on. The attachment can optionally be made using clips, buckles, velcro or the like.

20 Det muliggør, at skiftet kan udføres med kun en hånd, nemlig hånden med skruemaskinen 4. Det kan være vigtigt, hvis man f.eks. har brug for den anden hånd til at holde fast med, ved f.eks. arbejde på en stige.20 It is possible that the change can be performed with only one hand, namely the hand with the screwdriver 4. It may be important if, for example, the need the other hand to hold on to, for example. work on a ladder.

Skiftet bliver hurtigt, og det er nemt at finde den rigtige bit, da spidsen 4 af bitten 2 er synlig.The shift becomes fast and it is easy to find the right bit as the tip 4 of the bit 2 is visible.

25 DK 176345 Bl -3-DK 176345 Bl -3-

Holderen 1 er udført af et elastisk materiale, der genvinder sin form og er slidstærkt.The holder 1 is made of an elastic material which regains its shape and is durable.

5 Holderen kan udføres af en elastomer som f.eks. PUR.The holder may be made of an elastomer, e.g. PUR.

I holderen 1 er der udført huller 1’ i en dimension, som kan holde bittene, ca. 6 mm. Bittene 2 anbringes med soklen 3 udad, så det er muligt at få fat i soklen med magnetbitholderen 6, og med spidsen 4 synlig indad.In the holder 1, holes 1 'are provided in a dimension which can hold the bits, approx. 6 mm. The bits 2 are positioned with the base 3 outwards, so that it is possible to grasp the base with the magnetic bit holder 6 and with the tip 4 visible inwards.

10 Holderen kan antage forskellige former afhængigt af, om den skal være i lommen, i bæltet, om den skal fastgøres til beklædning eller eventuelt til selve skruemaskinen 6 etc. Bittene fastholdes i holderen 1, fordi hullet har en mindre diameter end den enkelte bit 2, hvorved det elastiske materiale klemmer omkring bitten 2 og fastholder denne i holderen 1. Ved afsætning af bitten 2 i holderen 1 15 sættes bittens 2 spids 4 i hullet på holderen 1, og man lader skruemaskinen 5 rotere ganske lidt og presser bitten 2 ind i hullet. Når bitten 2 roterer, bliver friktionen mindre mellem bitten 2 og det elastiske materiale, og man kan let presse bitten 2 ind på plads i holderen 1, hvor den sidder fast, når rotationen stopper, tilstrækkelig fast til, at magnet- bitholderen kan frigøres fra bitten 2, som 20 så sidder tilbage i holderen 1.10 The holder can take different shapes depending on whether it should be in the pocket, in the belt, whether it should be attached to the cladding or possibly to the screwdriver 6, etc. The bits are retained in the holder 1 because the hole has a smaller diameter than the individual bit 2. whereby the elastic material clamps around the bit 2 and retains it in the holder 1. By depositing the bit 2 in the holder 1, the tip 4 of the bit 2 is inserted into the hole of the holder 1 and the screwdriver 5 is rotated quite a bit and the bit 2 is pressed into the the hole. As the bit 2 rotates, the friction decreases between the bit 2 and the elastic material, and the bit 2 can easily be pressed into place in the holder 1, where it is stuck when the rotation stops, sufficiently firmly for the magnetic bit holder to be released from the bit 2, which 20 then sits back in the holder 1.

Når bitten 2 skal frigøres fra holderen 1, sættes magnetbitholderen 6 igen på bitten 2, og man lader skmemaskinen 5 rotere ganske lidt. Når bitten 2 roterer, vil det elastiske materiale - sammen med et let træk - på grund af bittens 2 form automatisk trække bitten 2 fri af holderen 1, og bitten 2 sidder igen i 25 magnetbitholderen 6.When the bit 2 is to be released from the holder 1, the magnetic bit holder 6 is again put on the bit 2 and the sewing machine 5 is allowed to rotate quite a bit. As the bit 2 rotates, the resilient material - along with a slight pull - will automatically pull the bit 2 free from the holder 1, and the bit 2 again sits in the magnetic bit holder 6.

Holderen 1 kan udføres i en elastomersom f.eks. PUR. Den afbildede holder 1, fig, 1, er udført ved at fræse form og huller ud af en 15 m/m plade i materialet PUR. Ved eventuel produktion kan holderen sprøjtestøbes i samme materiale.The holder 1 can be made in an elastomer if e.g. PUR. The depicted holder 1, Fig. 1, is made by milling molds and holes out of a 15 m / m plate in the material PUR. In case of possible production, the holder can be injection molded in the same material.

Holderen er udviklet til at fungere sammen med bits 2 og magnetbitholdere 6, der 30 findes på markedet i dag.The holder is designed to work with bits 2 and magnetic bit holders 6, which 30 are on the market today.

Holderen kan antage mange alternative former og udstyres med clips, spænde eller andet, der muliggør, at den kan fastgøres til beklædning, bælte m.v. Der eventuelt præges tekst på holderen såsom størrelse på bit m.v.The holder can take many alternative forms and is equipped with clips, buckles or other means that allow it to be fastened to clothing, belt etc. Optionally, text is embossed on the holder such as size of bits etc.

Claims (6)

1. Fremgangsmåde til håndtering af skruebits (2), hvor skrue- bittene (2) er anbragt i en bitholder (1) af elastisk materiale, som er udformet med et antal 5 gennemgående huller (1’), i hvilke skruebittene (2) placeres, og som har en lidt mindre diameter end den udvendige diameter af en skruebit (2), hvilken bitholder (1) har en mindre tykkelse (t) i hullernes (1’) længderetning end længden af en skruebit (2), kendetegnet ved, at 10 en skruebit (2) indsættes med sin sokkel (3) i en magnetbitholder (6), der er fastspændt i en skruemaskine (5), og at en skruebit (2) ved hjælp af skruemaskinen (5) indsættes med sin spids (4) i et hul (1’) i en sådan stilling, at skruebittens (2) spids (4) rager uden for bitholderen (1) på den modsatte side og dermed er synlig, og at skruebitten (2) tages ud af bithoideren (1) fra samme 15 side, hvor den blev sat ind ved at magnetbitholderen (6) bringes i indgreb med skruebittens sokkel (3) og skruebitten (2) trækkes ud, medens den roteres langsomt ved hjælp af skruemaskinen (5) og tages ud ved hjælp af skrue-maskinen i en retning væk fra bitholderen (1) og modsat den retning, i hvilken den blev sat ind.A method of handling screw bits (2), wherein the screw bits (2) are arranged in a bit holder (1) of elastic material formed with a number of 5 through holes (1 ') in which the screw bits (2) positioned and having a slightly smaller diameter than the outside diameter of a screw bit (2), the bit holder (1) having a smaller thickness (t) in the longitudinal direction of the holes (1 ') than the length of a screw bit (2), characterized by inserting a screw bit (2) with its base (3) into a magnetic bit holder (6) clamped in a screw machine (5) and inserting a screw bit (2) with the screw machine (5) with its tip (4) in a hole (1 ') in such a position that the tip (4) of the screw bit (2) projects outside the bit holder (1) on the opposite side and is thus visible and the screw bit (2) is removed from the bitoid (1) from the same side where it was inserted by engaging the magnetic bit holder (6) with the screw bit base (3) and the screw bit (2) being pulled out while rotating is slowly removed by means of the screwdriver (5) and removed by means of the screwdriver in a direction away from the bit holder (1) and opposite to the direction in which it was inserted. 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved,at skruemaskinen (5) ved indsætning afen skruebit (2) i et hul (1’) bringes til at rotere langsomt samtidig med, at bitten (2) presses ind i hullet (V), indtil enden (7) af magnetbitholderen (6) ligger an mod bitholderen (1).Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, by inserting a screw bit (2) into a hole (1 '), the screw machine (5) is slowly rotated at the same time as the bit (2) is pressed into the hole (V), until the end (7) of the magnetic bit holder (6) abuts the bit holder (1). 3. Bitholder til gennemførelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1 - 2, der er udformet i elastisk materiale og forsynet med et antal huller (1’), som har en lidt mindre diameter end en skruebit (2), kendetegnet ved, at bitholderen (1) i hullernes længderetning har en tykkelse (t), der muliggør, at 30 soklen (3) og spidsen (4) af skruebittene (2) rager uden for henholdsvis under-og oversiden af bitholderen (1).Bit holder for carrying out the method according to claims 1 - 2, which is formed of elastic material and provided with a number of holes (1 ') having a slightly smaller diameter than a screw bit (2), characterized in that the bit holder (1) ) in the longitudinal direction of the holes has a thickness (t) which allows the base (3) and the tip (4) of the screw bits (2) to protrude outside the bottom and upper side of the bit holder (1), respectively. 4. Bitholder ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved, at 35 bitholderen (1) er udformet som et ringformet element, hvor afstanden mellem yder- og indersiden er (t), i det mindste i områder, hvor der er huller (1’). DK 176345 B1 -5-Bit holder according to claim 3, characterized in that the bit holder (1) is formed as an annular element, the distance between the outer and the inside being (t), at least in areas where there are holes (1 '). DK 176345 B1 -5- 5. Bithotder ifølge krav 3-4, kendetegnet ved, at bitholderen (1) er fremstillet afen elastomer, f.eks. PUR.Bit bits according to claims 3-4, characterized in that the bit holder (1) is made of an elastomer, e.g. PUR. 6. Bitholder ifølge krav 3-4, kendetegnet ved, at bitholderen (1) er udformet med fastgørelsesmidler, eksempelvis clips, spænde eller velcro, så den kan fastgøres til en beklasdning, et bælte eller en arm.Bit holder according to claims 3-4, characterized in that the bit holder (1) is formed with fasteners, for example clips, buckles or velcro, so that it can be fastened to a casing, belt or arm.
DK200400132A 2004-01-30 2004-01-30 Process and holder for bit handling DK176345B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK200400132A DK176345B1 (en) 2004-01-30 2004-01-30 Process and holder for bit handling
CNB200580003476XA CN100436078C (en) 2004-01-30 2005-01-24 Drill bit holder/bit change-over device
EP05700597A EP1713625A1 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-01-24 Drill bit holder/bit change-over device
AU2005209039A AU2005209039A1 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-01-24 Drill bit holder/bit change-over device
CA002554130A CA2554130A1 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-01-24 Drill bit holder/bit change-over device
US10/597,401 US20090188823A1 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-01-24 Drill bit holder/bit change-over device
PCT/DK2005/000047 WO2005072915A1 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-01-24 Drill bit holder/bit change-over device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK200400132 2004-01-30
DK200400132A DK176345B1 (en) 2004-01-30 2004-01-30 Process and holder for bit handling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK200400132A DK200400132A (en) 2005-10-25
DK176345B1 true DK176345B1 (en) 2007-09-03

Family

ID=34814045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK200400132A DK176345B1 (en) 2004-01-30 2004-01-30 Process and holder for bit handling

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20090188823A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1713625A1 (en)
CN (1) CN100436078C (en)
AU (1) AU2005209039A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2554130A1 (en)
DK (1) DK176345B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005072915A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008058345A1 (en) * 2006-11-16 2008-05-22 Demain Technology Pty Ltd An apparatus for facilitating an in use connection of an accessory and a drill
NL2000745C2 (en) 2007-07-11 2009-01-13 B H M B V Bit holder with bit magazine.
DE102008007217B4 (en) * 2008-02-01 2020-02-13 Christian Dombrowsky toolholder
FI121438B (en) * 2008-06-23 2010-11-15 Sandvik Mining & Constr Oy Drill bit magazine, drill bit holder and method for changing drill bit in rock drilling machine
US10085547B1 (en) 2016-07-05 2018-10-02 Kareem Cummings Step bit pouch
DE102022101733A1 (en) 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 Peter Külzer Bit magazine, method of storing and removing bits
DE102022101734A1 (en) 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 Peter Külzer Bit magazine, method of storing and removing bits
USD979369S1 (en) * 2022-08-05 2023-02-28 Shenzhen Kaduo Industrial Co., Ltd. Drill bit holder

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3709429A (en) * 1970-10-19 1973-01-09 Kenzie D Mc Centrifuges
US4503972A (en) * 1983-05-23 1985-03-12 Federal-Mogul Corporation Microdrill package
DE8417648U1 (en) * 1984-06-09 1984-09-13 Gebra-Plastik Gebr. Raderschad Gmbh & Co Kg, 5202 Hennef ARM BELT FOR STORING TOOL INSERTS
DE8803962U1 (en) * 1988-03-24 1988-06-01 Fa. Robert Schroeder, 5600 Wuppertal, De
US4867332A (en) * 1988-10-17 1989-09-19 Mains Gregory T Tool holder
DE8902475U1 (en) * 1989-03-02 1989-05-11 Beargrip Gereedschappenfabriek B.V., Echten, Nl
US5188242A (en) * 1991-11-01 1993-02-23 Smith David J Self-adhesive bit holder
US5368164A (en) * 1993-11-30 1994-11-29 Allied Wholesale, Inc. Tool set apparatus
US6112897A (en) * 1998-08-17 2000-09-05 Hu; Bobby Tool holders
FI114150B (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-08-31 Inion Ltd Magazine for surgical fixation instruments and arrangement for a magazine for surgical fixation instruments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2554130A1 (en) 2005-08-11
US20090188823A1 (en) 2009-07-30
WO2005072915A1 (en) 2005-08-11
AU2005209039A1 (en) 2005-08-11
DK200400132A (en) 2005-10-25
CN100436078C (en) 2008-11-26
CN1914007A (en) 2007-02-14
EP1713625A1 (en) 2006-10-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DK176345B1 (en) Process and holder for bit handling
US4646913A (en) Key pack
US2842260A (en) Portable holder for small tools
US2589593A (en) Drill case
US9448537B2 (en) Reversible coin holder
US3040802A (en) Hand tool for removing a protective backing from adhesive surfaces
ATE29978T1 (en) POCKET TOOLS, IN PARTICULAR POCKET KNIVES OR SIMILAR FOLDING TOOLS.
US2693384A (en) Philatelic tool
US8247674B2 (en) Slide bar holder
US2463024A (en) Hand tool for cutting circular openings
JP6087807B2 (en) Writing instrument storage with pencil sharpener
JP3188756U (en) Writing instrument storage
US2535170A (en) Bobby pin opener
US931992A (en) Pocket saw-jointer.
US3085527A (en) Needle setter and threader
US3365011A (en) Letter balance
RU2017139247A (en) Multifunction knife
US2783469A (en) Dispenser
JP2018129780A (en) Gripping tool for portable electronic equipment such as smartphone
US20080083794A1 (en) Coin pocket bottle carrier
US20160271713A1 (en) Chainsaw file storage and filing kit, chainsaw file storage unit, and related methods
US913161A (en) Knife-handle.
JP6619722B2 (en) Golf marker holder
US2664629A (en) Button remover
TR2022002649Y (en) EASY TAPE CUTTING DEVICE

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PPF Opposition filed
PBP Patent lapsed

Effective date: 20120131