DK173739B1 - Safety circuit breaker - Google Patents

Safety circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
DK173739B1
DK173739B1 DK29393A DK29393A DK173739B1 DK 173739 B1 DK173739 B1 DK 173739B1 DK 29393 A DK29393 A DK 29393A DK 29393 A DK29393 A DK 29393A DK 173739 B1 DK173739 B1 DK 173739B1
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DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
conductor
safety switch
current
phase
transformer
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DK29393A
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Danish (da)
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DK29393D0 (en
DK29393A (en
Inventor
Egon Geertsen
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Egon Geertsen
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Priority to DK29393A priority Critical patent/DK173739B1/en
Publication of DK29393D0 publication Critical patent/DK29393D0/en
Publication of DK29393A publication Critical patent/DK29393A/en
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  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Description

DK 173739 B1DK 173739 B1

Sikkerheds afbryderSafety switch

Opfindelsen angår et apparat der, sammen med et fejlstrømsrelæ, totalt afbryder strømmen for at undgå eksplosioner fra elektriske gnister (gnist fra køleskabets relæ når det går i gang, andre relæer, fra kullene i en elmotor, etc.) i en uønsket situation som f.eks. gasudslip, røg, ild, væskeudsivning, overtryk og uønskede 5 temperaturer.The invention relates to an apparatus which, together with a fault current relay, totally switches off the power to avoid explosions from electrical sparks (spark from the refrigerator relay when it starts, other relays, from the coals of an electric motor, etc.) in an undesirable situation such as .g. gas emissions, smoke, fire, fluid leakage, overpressure and unwanted temperatures.

Fra DE offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 3.230.549 kendes der et apparat af den art, der er angivet i indledningen til krav 1. Ved dette apparat bruges en fase og en modstand til via sensoren at skabe en forbindelse til jord f.eks.: Radiator, vandrør, jordspyd.From DE Publication No. 3,230,549, an apparatus of the kind specified in the preamble of claim 1. is known. This apparatus uses a phase and a resistor to make a connection to the ground via the sensor, for example: water pipes, earth spears.

1010

En sådan farlig spænding på jordlederen undgås med opfindelsen ved, at transformerens primærvikling er tilsluttet fase- og nulleder, og ved, at transformerens sekundærvikling indgår i et seriekredsløb med udløseren imellem nullederen og beskyttetseslederen. Herved opnås, at der ved en fejlsituation alene er sekundær-15 viklingens spænding, der tilføres beskyttelseslederen, og ved en passende dimensionering vil denne spænding levere den strøm, der kræves for at udløse fejlstrømsafbryderen, ved en ufarlig spænding.Such a dangerous voltage on the ground conductor is avoided with the invention by the fact that the primary winding of the transformer is connected to phase and neutral conductors, and that the secondary winding of the transformer forms part of a series circuit with the trigger between the neutral conductor and the protective conductor. Hereby it is obtained that in the event of a fault situation, only the voltage of the secondary winding is supplied to the protective conductor and, by appropriate dimensioning, this voltage will supply the current required to trigger the fault current switch at a harmless voltage.

Formålet med opfindelsen er, at den ved montering i et ledningsnet med fejl-20 strømsafbryder og med mindst én faseleder, en nulleder og en beskyttelsesleder via en sensor/detektor, der - via en fejlsituation - kan afbryde strømmen for at undgå eksplosioner i uønskede farlige situationer som f.eks.: • gaseksplosioner, • kedeleksplosioner, 25 · skadevirkninger ved giftige luftartsudslip, • skadevirkninger ved overophedning af maskiner, • skadevirkninger ved overtryk i kedler, kompressorer, etc., • skadevirkninger ved manglende lys (afbryde farlige maskiner), • skadevirkninger ved væskeudsivning (olie, benzin, syre, vand, etc.).The object of the invention is that, when mounted in a wiring harness with a fault circuit breaker and with at least one phase conductor, a neutral conductor and a protective conductor via a sensor / detector, which - through a fault situation - can interrupt the current to avoid explosions in undesirable dangerous situations such as: • gas explosions, • boiler explosions, 25 · harmful effects of toxic gaseous emissions, • damage effects of machine overheating, • damage effects of boilers, compressors, etc., • damage effects due to lack of light (switch off dangerous machines), • adverse effects of fluid leakage (oil, gasoline, acid, water, etc.).

3030

Apparatet kan udføres så det kan tilsluttes en almindelig stikkontakt m. jord. Uden jord i stikkontakt skal en forbindelse via en ledning etableres til jord.The appliance can be designed so that it can be connected to an ordinary grounded socket. Without ground in a socket, a connection must be established to ground via a cable.

Apparatet kan også udføres til indbygning i et gasfyr, elektriske apparater, 3 5 kompressorer og andre steder, hvor man ønsker denne sikkerhed.The appliance can also be designed for installation in a gas boiler, electrical appliances, compressors and other places where this safety is desired.

DK 173739 B1DK 173739 B1

Apparatet kan også udføres med en detektor for jordforbindelse, der indikerer om korrekt forbindelse til jord er etableret.The apparatus may also be equipped with a grounding detector indicating that proper connection to ground has been established.

5 Apparatet kan også udføres med en fasedetektor, der detekterer den korrekte tilslutning til fase- og nulforbindelse.The apparatus can also be designed with a phase detector that detects the correct phase and zero connection.

Sikkerhedsafbryderen kræver i "Udgave med dobbelt detektor for fase" intet værktøj eller nogen som helst kendskab til el-arbejde for at kunne bruges. Den skal 10 blot sættes til et almindelig 220-volts stik (eller anden spænding) og sikkerhedsafbryderen jordforbindes (hvis ikke i samme stik). De andre udgaver til indbygning kræver fagkundskab ved montering.In the "Double Phase Detector Edition", the safety switch requires no tools or any knowledge of electrical work to be used. It should simply be plugged into a standard 220-volt plug (or other voltage) and the safety switch grounded (if not in the same connector). The other versions for installation require specialist knowledge in assembly.

Der kan sættes et vilkårligt antal sikkerhedsafbrydere op under samme fejlstrøms-15 relæ.Any number of safety switches can be set up under the same fault current relay 15.

Forklaring og virkemåde.Explanation and operation.

På fig. 1 er øverst (over den punkterede linie) vist dele af et bestående elektrisk anlæg. Under den punkterede linie er sikkerhedsafbryderen vist som principskitse.In FIG. 1 is a top view (above the dotted line) of parts of an existing electrical system. Below the dotted line, the safety switch is shown as a principle sketch.

2020

Fig. 3 viser sikkerhedsafbryderen tilsluttet et ledningsnet, hvor sikkerhedsafbryderen er i en udformning, hvor en detektor sørger for den korrekte tilslutning til fase-og nulforbindelse og hvor transformeren har to sekundærviklinger.FIG. 3 shows the safety switch connected to a wiring harness where the safety switch is in a configuration where a detector provides the correct phase and zero connection and where the transformer has two secondary windings.

2 5 Fig. 4 viser en udløser, hvortil der er flere impulsindgange.FIG. 4 shows a trigger for which there are several pulse inputs.

Fig. 5 viser en kobling, hvor der er flere udløsere i parallel, og hvor hver udløser kan have flere impulsindgange.FIG. 5 shows a coupling where there are multiple triggers in parallel and each trigger can have multiple pulse inputs.

30 Sikkerhedsafbryderen i Fig. 3 er i en udformning, hvor en fasedetektor (Detektor for fase og jordforbindelse) sørger for den korrekte tilslutning til nulforbindelsen af transformerens sekundærvikling. Ved tilslutning af fase og nul 'vil kontakten K1 være sluttet og en strøm vil følge pilen. Ved omvendt tilslutning af fase og nul vil K2 være sluttet.30 The safety switch in FIG. 3 is in a design in which a phase detector (phase and grounding detector) provides the correct connection to the zero connection of the transformer secondary winding. When phase and zero are connected, switch K1 will be closed and a current will follow the arrow. By reverse phase and zero connection, K2 will be connected.

35 DK 173739 B1 Hændelsesforløb ved en uønsket situation.35 DK 173739 B1 Event sequence in an undesirable situation.

1. Når sensoren/detektoren sporer en uønsket situation (f.eks. gasudslip) sender den en strøm til udløseren over "impulsindgange" (6).1. When the sensor / detector detects an undesirable situation (eg gas leak) it sends a current to the trigger over "impulse inputs" (6).

5 2. Udløseren sender en strøm større end fejlstrømsrelæets udløsestrøm gen nem en modstand ved en for mennesker ufarlig spænding - mindre end eller lig med 50 volt - til en jordforbindelse. Jordforbindelsen kan være en jord i en stikkontakt, en radiator, et vandrør, et jordspyd, etc. (blot kræves jordforbindelse). Herefter vil der intet strøm være i huset p.g.a. fejlstrømsrelæet har 1 o slået fra. Sikkerhedsafbryderen kan om nødvendig - helt eller delvis - udføres i en eksplosionssikker udførelse.5 2. The trigger sends a current greater than the fault current relay current through a resistance at a non-hazardous voltage - less than or equal to 50 volts - to an earth connection. The ground connection can be a ground in a wall socket, a radiator, a water pipe, a ground spike, etc. (just grounding is required). After that, there will be no power in the house because the fault current relay has 1 o switched off. The safety switch can, if necessary - in whole or in part - be carried out in an explosion-proof version.

2. Detektor for fase ogjord.2. Phase and ground detector.

Detektor for fase er en forstærker der føler om der kan gå en strøm Id«It til jord 15 - går der en strøm vil forstærkeren trække et relæ - her K1 eller K2.Phase detector is an amplifier that senses if a current can go Id «It to ground 15 - if a current goes on, the amplifier will draw a relay - here K1 or K2.

Id = detektor strømId = detector current

If = fejlstrømsrelæets udløsestrøm P.g.a. den meget lille strøm vil den være ufarlig.If = fault current relay current P.g.a. the very small current it will be harmless.

Der indikeres med en lysdiode om der er etableret korrekt jordforbindelse 20 2.A. Udgave med dobbelt detektor for fase.An LED indicates if a proper grounding has been established 20 2.A. Edition with dual phase detector.

Tilslutning af fase og nul kan være vilkårlig. Når ON-lampen lyser vil sikkerhedsafbryderen være driftsklar. Der er aldrig farlig spænding ud på jordledning.Phase and zero connection can be arbitrary. When the ON lamp is lit, the safety switch will be ready for operation. There is never a dangerous voltage on the ground wire.

25 2. B. Udgave med enkel detektor for fase.25 2. B. Single phase detector version.

Tilslutning af fase og nul skal være korrekt. Når ON-lampen lyser, vil sikkerhedsafbryderen være driftsklar.Phase and zero connection must be correct. When the ON lamp is lit, the safety switch will be ready for operation.

30 2.C Udgave uden detektor for fase.30 2.C Edition without phase detector.

Tilslutning af fase og nul skal være korrekt for ikke at få farlig spænding ud på jordledning.Connection of phase and zero must be correct so as not to get dangerous voltage out to ground wire.

3. Udløser.3. Triggers.

DK 173739 B1 fejlstrøm kan opstå for udkobling af fejlstrømsrelæet.DK 173739 B1 fault current can occur for switching off the fault current relay.

Udløser kan være med parallelle indgange (se fig. 4) eller med parallelle udløsere (se fig. 5).The trigger may be with parallel inputs (see Fig. 4) or with parallel triggers (see Fig. 5).

Der kan være mindre eller mere end de 3 viste indgange. Udløser kan være et 5 relæ, optokobler, eller triac, thyristor. Triac og thyristor via optokobler eller impulstransformer. Der er galvanisk adskillelse i udløser imellem sikkerhedsafbryderens øvrige komponenter og impulsindgange til udløser. Typiske værdier for udløsning er5V-10Vog5mA-10mAThere may be less or more than the 3 inputs shown. The trigger may be a relay, optocoupler, or triac, thyristor. Triac and thyristor via optocoupler or pulse transformer. There is galvanic separation in the trigger between the other components of the safety switch and the pulse inputs for the trigger. Typical trigger values are 5V-10Vog5mA-10mA

10 4. Strømhegrænser.10 4. Power Limits.

Modstandene med betegnelse R1 og R2 begrænser fejlstrømmen fra spændingen U1. Modstandene kan udskiftes med PTC-modstande for nemt at tilpasse et større område for fejlstrømmen ved lille transformereffekt.The resistors denoted by R1 and R2 limit the fault current from voltage U1. The resistors can be replaced with PTC resistors to easily adjust a larger area of the fault current at low transformer power.

15 Ved evt. fejl på fejlstrømsrelæet vil transformeren derved være beskyttet mod overlast. Udløseren vil kunne fungere ved strømme > 1mA til ubegrænset - i praksis op til 1A.15 If possible. failure of the fault current relay will thereby protect the transformer from overload. The trigger will work at currents> 1mA to unlimited - in practice up to 1A.

fi. Transformer.fi. Transformer.

20 Transformerens primærvikling forbindes mellem fase- og nulleder. Forbindelsen fra nulleder til beskyttelsesleder udføres af transformerens sekundærvikling som indgår i et seriekredsløb med udløseren imellem nullederen og beskyttelseslederen. Når viklingen med spændingen U1 bliver faset rigtig vil maks. spænding ud på jordledning blive 0,5 X fasespænding - U1 ved fejl på een eller begge af kontakter-25 ne K1 og K2. De to modstande R1 og R2 vil dele fasespændingen.20 The primary winding of the transformer is connected between phase and neutral conductors. The connection from zero conductor to protective conductor is carried out by the secondary winding of the transformer which forms part of a series circuit with the trigger between the neutral conductor and the protective conductor. When the winding with voltage U1 is phased correctly, the maximum voltage on the ground wire will be 0.5 X phase voltage - U1 in case of failure of one or both of contacts K1 and K2. The two resistors R1 and R2 will divide the phase voltage.

Sikkerhedsafbryderen kan også i en simplificeret udgave konstrueres med en transformer med een sekundær vikling.The safety switch can also be constructed in a simplified version with a transformer with a secondary winding.

Modstandene R1 og R2 kan erstattes af een modstand R.Resistors R1 and R2 can be replaced by one resistor R.

3030

Claims (3)

1. Sikkerhedsafbryder til montering (1) i et ledningsnet med mindst én faseleder 5 (2), en nulleder (3) og en beskyttelsesleder (4), i hvilket ledningsnet, der er en eksisterende fejlstrømsafbryder (5). Sikkerhedsafbryderen indeholder eller har en eller flere indgange (6) for ekstern tilslutning af sensorer/detektorer for fx ild, røg, damp, temperatur, gas, vandstand, tryk, lys, mørke og indeholder en skille-transformator (7) for forsyning af udløsestrømkredsløb til sekundært at afgive 10 an ufarlig udløsestrøm gennem en fejlstrømsafbryder når der etableres strømgennemgang i en eller flere sensorer og er kendetegnet ved at transformerens sekundærvikling indgår i serie med nulleder, udiøseenhed, frigøringsrelæ k1 eller k2 og beskyttelsesleder.A safety switch for mounting (1) in a wiring harness with at least one phase conductor 5 (2), a neutral conductor (3) and a protective conductor (4), in which the wiring harness is an existing fault current switch (5). The safety switch contains or has one or more inputs (6) for external connection of sensors / detectors for eg fire, smoke, vapor, temperature, gas, water level, pressure, light, darkness and includes a separator transformer (7) for supply of circuit current for supplying 10 a non-hazardous trigger current secondary to a fault circuit breaker when current flow is established in one or more sensors and is characterized by the transformer's secondary winding being included in series with zero conductor, output unit, release relay k1 or k2 and protection conductor. 2. Sikkerhedsafbryder ifølge krav 1 kendetegnet ved, at være forsynet med stikforbindelser, således at den kan tilsluttes en stikkontakt (S) i et ledningsnet uden at kræve nogen ændring i bestående installation.Safety switch according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with plug connections so that it can be connected to an outlet (S) in a wiring harness without requiring any change in existing installation. 3. Sikkerhedsafbryder ifølge krav 1 eller 2 kendetegnet ved at indeholde en 2 0 detektor (9) for tilslutningsmåde af faseleder, nulleder og beskyttelsesieder, der aktivere et frigøringsrelæ k1 eller k2 i udløsekredsen.Safety switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a 20 detector (9) is provided for phase conductor, neutral conductor and protective conductors activating a release relay k1 or k2 in the triggering circuit.
DK29393A 1993-03-15 1993-03-15 Safety circuit breaker DK173739B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK29393A DK173739B1 (en) 1993-03-15 1993-03-15 Safety circuit breaker

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK29393A DK173739B1 (en) 1993-03-15 1993-03-15 Safety circuit breaker
DK29393 1993-03-15

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DK29393D0 DK29393D0 (en) 1993-03-15
DK29393A DK29393A (en) 1994-12-09
DK173739B1 true DK173739B1 (en) 2001-08-27

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007122296A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-11-01 Innohome Oy System for controlling a power, water or gas supply
GB2477954A (en) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-24 Haven Ltd Explosive gas detection unit and electrical fitting including such a unit
WO2011124224A1 (en) 2010-04-06 2011-10-13 Energimidt A system for turning off a power supply in a predetermined part of an electrical system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO307727B1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-05-15 Siemens As Procedure and system for serial protection

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007122296A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-11-01 Innohome Oy System for controlling a power, water or gas supply
NO341256B1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2017-09-25 Innohome Oy System for controlling a power, water or gas supply
GB2477954A (en) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-24 Haven Ltd Explosive gas detection unit and electrical fitting including such a unit
WO2011124224A1 (en) 2010-04-06 2011-10-13 Energimidt A system for turning off a power supply in a predetermined part of an electrical system

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Publication number Publication date
DK29393D0 (en) 1993-03-15
DK29393A (en) 1994-12-09

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