DK173239B1 - Method and means of disinfecting equipment in the food industry, preferably equipment used during slaughtering or processing of meat - Google Patents

Method and means of disinfecting equipment in the food industry, preferably equipment used during slaughtering or processing of meat Download PDF

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DK173239B1
DK173239B1 DK199800830A DKPA199800830A DK173239B1 DK 173239 B1 DK173239 B1 DK 173239B1 DK 199800830 A DK199800830 A DK 199800830A DK PA199800830 A DKPA199800830 A DK PA199800830A DK 173239 B1 DK173239 B1 DK 173239B1
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reuterin
medium
equipment
meat
lactic acid
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DK199800830A
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Danish (da)
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Mogens Jakobsen
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Danske Slagterier
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  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)

Description

i DK 173239 B1in DK 173239 B1

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til desinficering af udstyr i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder, fortrinsvis udstyr, der anvendes ved slagtning eller kødforarbejdning.The present invention relates to a method for disinfecting equipment in food establishments, preferably equipment used for slaughter or meat processing.

Ved slagtning og forarbejdning af kød på slagterier råder høj hygiejne, hvilket bl.a. opnås ved hyppig rengøring af lokaler og udstyr. Desuden får operatørerne særlige arbejds-5 instruktioner, der fremmer hygiejnen, og slagteriet tilrettelægger arbejdet så hygiejnen bliver optimal. Alligevel kan det ikke undgås, at der sker en vis bakteriel forurening af kødet. Det skyldes bl.a., at det ikke altid er praktisk muligt at sterilisere udstyret mellem hvert emne, og derfor sker det, at bakterier overføres fra et behandlet emne til efterfølgende emner. Følgerne af forureningerne søges bl.a. imødegået ved indførelse af såkaldte hurdler, 10 hvor kødemnerne og udstyret, der kommer i kontakt med emnerne, udsættes for et miljø, så bakteriernes udvikling sættes i stå for en tid. Bakterierne slås ikke helt ihjel, men væksten hæmmes af hurdlerne, så bakteriernes niveau forbliver uskadeligt.In the slaughter and processing of meat at slaughterhouses, high hygiene prevails. is achieved by frequent cleaning of premises and equipment. In addition, the operators receive special work-5 instructions that promote hygiene, and the slaughterhouse organizes the work so that the hygiene becomes optimal. Nevertheless, some bacterial contamination of the meat cannot be avoided. This is partly due to the fact that it is not always practically possible to sterilize the equipment between each item, and therefore bacteria are transferred from a treated item to subsequent items. The consequences of the pollution are sought, among other things. counteracted by the introduction of so-called hurdles, 10 where the meat items and equipment that come into contact with the items are exposed to an environment, so that the development of the bacteria is put on hold for a time. The bacteria are not completely killed, but the growth is hampered by the hurdles, so that the level of the bacteria remains harmless.

Når det er muligt at sterilisere udstyret mellem hvert emne, sker dette i vid udstrækning, f.eks. ved neddypning af knive i skoldende vand. Herved foretages ikke nogen rengøring 15 af værktøjet, og der kan derfor ske en påbrænding af organiske rester, som kan give grobund for bakterievækst. Der kan anvendes kemiske desinfektionsmidler, men de har hver nogle ulemper, der udelukker dem eller begrænser deres brug i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder. F.eks. er chlor stærkt korroderende, og det inaktiveres ved kontakt med organisk materiale.When it is possible to sterilize the equipment between each item, this is done extensively, e.g. by immersing knives in scalding water. In this way, no cleaning of the tool is carried out, and therefore there can be incineration of organic residues, which can give rise to bacterial growth. Chemical disinfectants can be used, but they each have some disadvantages that exclude them or limit their use in food businesses. Eg. chlorine is highly corrosive and it is inactivated by contact with organic matter.

20 En af forureningskilderne i slagterimiljø er den film af mikroorganismer og levnedsmiddeldele, som findes på overfladen af udstyret. Denne såkaldte biofilm forekommer på alle typer udstyr og kan være vanskelig at fjerne ved almindelig rengøring eller desinfektion med skoldende vand.20 One of the sources of pollution in the slaughterhouse environment is the film of microorganisms and food items found on the surface of the equipment. This so-called biofilm occurs on all types of equipment and can be difficult to remove by ordinary cleaning or disinfecting with scalding water.

Formålet med opfindelsen er at tilvejebringe en ny fremgangsmåde til desinficering af 25 udstyr i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder, som udviser væsentlige fordele i forhold til de kendte metoder, og f.eks. muliggør tilvejebringelse af et mikrobiologisk nulpunkt for udstyret mindst én gang om dagen.The object of the invention is to provide a new method for disinfecting equipment in food establishments which exhibits significant advantages over the known methods, and e.g. enables the provision of a microbiological zero point for the equipment at least once a day.

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Det er specielt formålet med opfindelsen at tilvejebringe en fremgangsmåde, der kan anvendes til desinficering af udstyr til slagtning og forarbejdning af kødemner, og ved hvilken der ikke forekommer påbrænding. Udstyret skal kunne anvendes umiddelbart efter desinficeringen, uden at påvirke kødemnets egenskaber (udseende, smag og funktionalitet).In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a method that can be used to disinfect equipment for slaughter and processing of meat blanks and in which no burning occurs. The equipment must be able to be used immediately after disinfection, without affecting the characteristics of the meat (appearance, taste and functionality).

5 De angivne formål opfyldes af fremgangsmåde ifølge opfindelsen, der er kendetegnet ved, at et vandigt medium indeholdende reuterin påføres på overfladen af udstyret.The stated objects are met by the method according to the invention, characterized in that an aqueous medium containing reuterin is applied to the surface of the equipment.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen bygger på den overraskende iagttagelse, at det kendte stof reuterin er effektivt mod bakterier, der sidder på overfladen af levnedsmiddeludstyr, og på såvel kort som langt sigt er i stand til at nedsætte bakterietallet. Reuterin er virksomt 10 ved de temperaturer der råder i arbejdslokalerne i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder. Det påvirker desuden ikke levnedsmidlernes egenskaber, såsom kødegenskaber, og ibrugtagning af levnedsmiddeludstyret efter behandling med reuterin kræver derfor ingen eller kun let afskylning. Reuterin er derfor et nyt desinfektionsmiddel, der er specielt egnet til brug på udstyr, der anvendes ved slagtning eller kødforarbejdning.The process according to the invention is based on the surprising observation that the known substance reuterin is effective against bacteria that sit on the surface of food equipment and is capable of reducing the number of bacteria in both the short and the long term. Reuterin is effective at the temperatures prevailing in the food business premises. In addition, it does not affect the properties of the food, such as meat characteristics, and the commissioning of the food equipment after reuterin treatment therefore requires no or only light rinsing. Reuterin is therefore a new disinfectant, especially suitable for use on equipment used for slaughter or meat processing.

15 Ved hjælp af den foreliggende opfindelse er det blevet muligt at forebygge biofilm i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder, et problem, som det hidtil ikke har været praktisk muligt at løse med traditionelle midler.By means of the present invention, it has become possible to prevent biofilm in food establishments, a problem which has not hitherto been practically possible to solve by traditional means.

Ved påføringen af det vandige medium indeholdende reuterin på udstyrets overflade nedsættes bakterietallet næsten øjeblikkeligt til et lavt niveau. Reuterin er bredspektret, så 20 det påvirker alle bakterietyper. Det viser sig virksomt over for organismer, der hæfter til udstyrets overflade, og det hæmmer bakteriers kolonisering af en overflade. Reuterin tåler varme. Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen tilvejebringer således en ny metode til at højne hygiejnen på levnedsmiddelvirksomheder.Upon application of the aqueous medium containing reuterin to the surface of the equipment, the bacterial number is almost immediately reduced to a low level. Reuterin is the broad spectrum, so it affects all types of bacteria. It is found to be effective against organisms that adhere to the surface of the equipment, and it inhibits the colonization of a surface by bacteria. Reuterin can withstand heat. Thus, the process of the invention provides a new method of raising the hygiene of food businesses.

Reuterin, dets fremstilling og konserverende virkning i kød og brug som antibiotikum er 25 beskrevet flere steder i litteraturen, f.eks. i EP 0 357 673 Bl og den tilsvarende danske DK 173239 B1 3 patentansøgning PA 1989 05428, som også omtaler en reuterinproducerende stamme benævnt ATCC 53 608.Reuterin, its preparation and preservative effect in meat and antibiotic use are described in several places in the literature, e.g. in EP 0 357 673 B1 and the corresponding Danish DK 173239 B1 3 patent application PA 1989 05428, which also discloses a reuterin producing strain called ATCC 53 608.

I alle anvendelser og undersøgelser, der er angivet i PA 1989 05428, er reuterin “langsomt” virkende. F.eks. viser fig. 14, at reuterin så at sige ingen virkning har i oksekød det første 5 døgn. Virkningen blev først markant efter tre dage. På fig. 15 ses, at virkningen (i oksekød) efter én dag er ca. 1 log-enhed, og at den kraftige virkning først indtræder efter 2-3 dage.In all uses and studies listed in PA 1989 05428, reuterin is "slow" in effect. Eg. FIG. 14 that reuterin has virtually no effect in beef for the first 5 days. The effect became significant only after three days. In FIG. 15 it can be seen that the effect (in beef) after one day is approx. 1 log unit and that the strong effect only occurs after 2-3 days.

En særlig egenskab ved desinfektionsmidler er, at de skal være hurtigt virkende, så de behandlede flader er “rene” umiddelbart efter behandlingen, og reuterin synes derfor ifølge den kendte teknik være uegnet som desinfektionsmiddel.A special feature of disinfectants is that they must be fast-acting, so that the treated surfaces are "clean" immediately after treatment, and therefore, according to the prior art, reuterin seems unsuitable as a disinfectant.

10 Den foreliggende opfindelse er baseret på den overraskende iagttagelse, at reuterin er hurtigt virkende ved påføring på overfladen af udstyr. Det er desuden tilstrækkeligt virksomt mod bakterier i det kolde miljø, der er på overfladen af udstyr på f.eks. slagterier.The present invention is based on the surprising observation that reuterin is rapidly acting upon application to the surface of equipment. It is also sufficiently effective against bacteria in the cold environment that are on the surface of equipment on e.g. slaughterhouses.

Ud over disse iagttagne egenskaber har reuterin andre egenskaber, der gør det særdeles attraktivt i forhold til kendte desinfektionsmidler inden for fødevareindustrien. Især skal 15 nævnes, at reuterin ikke har lugtproblemer, ikke giver påbrændingsproblemer og har lang eftervirkningstid på overfladen af udstyr. Reuterin påvirker heller ikke køds pH, farve eller tekstur og kan derfor få lov af blive siddende på kødbehandlingsudstyr når dette ibrugtages efter desinfektion.In addition to these observed properties, reuterin has other properties that make it particularly attractive in comparison to known disinfectants in the food industry. In particular, 15 should be mentioned that reuterin does not have odor problems, does not cause burn problems and has long after-effects on the surface of equipment. Also, reuterin does not affect the pH, color or texture of the meat and can therefore be allowed to sit on meat processing equipment when used after disinfection.

Ved en udførelsesform af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen påføres det vandige medium 20 mindst én gang dagligt, således at der opnås et bakterielt “nulpunkt” mindst én gang dagligt.In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the aqueous medium 20 is applied at least once daily, so that a bacterial "zero point" is obtained at least once daily.

Behandlingen er mest effektiv, når det vandige medium påføres i det mindste umiddelbart efter (daglig) rengøring af udstyret.The treatment is most effective when the aqueous medium is applied at least immediately after (daily) cleaning of the equipment.

Det vandige medium kan påføres i forbindelse med arbejdspauser eller holdskift.The aqueous medium can be applied in connection with work breaks or team changes.

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Det vandige medium kan påføres 1 til 24 gange dagligt med et tidsinterval på 1 til 24 timer eller for hvert n antal emner, der behandles, hvor n er lig 10 til 10.000.The aqueous medium can be applied 1 to 24 times daily with a time interval of 1 to 24 hours or for every n number of items treated where n equals 10 to 10,000.

Mediet kan påføres som spray (tåge), væskefilm eller stråle.The medium can be applied as a spray (mist), liquid film or jet.

Mediet kan påføres med eller uden efterfølgende aftørring inden udstyret anvendes igen.The medium can be applied with or without subsequent wiping before using the equipment again.

5 Mediet kan yderligere indeholde glycerol og en reuterinproducerende bakteriestamme, således at der produceres mere reuterin over en tidsperiode. Mediet indeholder da desuden fortrinsvis glucose i en koncentration på £ 20 mM. Mediet kan indeholde 105 til 107 CFU/ml reuterinproducerende bakteriestamme.The medium may further contain glycerol and a reuterin-producing bacterial strain, so that more reuterin is produced over a period of time. Furthermore, the medium preferably contains glucose at a concentration of 20 mM. The medium may contain 105 to 107 CFU / ml reuterin producing bacterial strain.

Mediet kan yderligere indeholde mindst en af følgende bestanddele: fortykkelsesmiddel, 10 tensid eller mælkesyre.The medium may further contain at least one of the following ingredients: thickener, surfactant or lactic acid.

Mediet kan indeholde 1-500 AU reuterin pr. ml.The medium may contain 1-500 AU reuterin per day. ml.

Opfindelsen angår desuden et middel til desinficering af udstyr i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder. Det er kendetegnet ved, at det omfatter et vandigt medium indeholdende reuterin.The invention further relates to a means for disinfecting equipment in food establishments. It is characterized in that it comprises an aqueous medium containing reuterin.

15 Mediet indeholder fortrinsvis 1-500 AU reuterin pr. ml.The medium preferably contains 1-500 AU reuterin per ml. ml.

Mediet kan yderligere indeholde glycerol og en reuterinproducerende bakteriestamme, fortrinsvis 105 til 107 CFU/ml reuterinproducerende bakteriestamme. Mediet kan da desuden indeholde glucose i en koncentration på < 20 mM.The medium may further contain glycerol and a reuterin-producing bacterial strain, preferably 105 to 107 CFU / ml reuterin-producing bacterial strain. In addition, the medium may contain glucose at a concentration of <20 mM.

Mediet kan yderligere indeholde mindst en af følgende bestanddele: fortykkelsesmiddel, 20 tensid eller mælkesyre.The medium may further contain at least one of the following ingredients: thickener, surfactant or lactic acid.

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Ved reuterin skal i foreliggende beskrivelse især forstås en ligevægtsblanding af monomer, hydreret monomer og cykliske dimere former af β-hydroxypropionaldehyd.In the present specification, reuterin is understood to mean an equilibrium mixture of monomer, hydrated monomer and cyclic dimeric forms of β-hydroxypropionaldehyde.

Reuterinet, der anvendes ved fremgangsmåden og i midlet ifølge opfindelsen, kan fremstilles ved dyrkning af en stamme af Lactobacillus reuteri. Ifølge den kendte 5 produktions-metode fremstilles reuterin i to trin. I første frin dyrkes en sådan stamme først under betingelser, der er gunstige for cellevækst. Når der er opnået en tilstrækkelig cellemasse, høstes cellerne, og de dyrkes under anaerobe forhold (trin 2) i et nyt medium, der indeholder glycerol. Cellemassen kan fjernes fra dyrkningsmediet ved sterilfiltrering.The reuterin used in the method and in the agent of the invention can be prepared by growing a strain of Lactobacillus reuteri. According to the known production method, reuterin is prepared in two stages. In the first stage, such a strain is first grown under conditions favorable to cell growth. When sufficient cell mass is obtained, the cells are harvested and grown under anaerobic conditions (step 2) in a new medium containing glycerol. The cell mass can be removed from the culture medium by sterile filtration.

Den reuterinholdige væske kan anvendes som den er (evt. efter tilsætning afhjælpestoffer), 10 eller den kan lyofiliseres (frysetørres), så der opnås fast reuterin, som efterfølgende opløses i et vandigt medium inden det appliceres på udstyret.The reuterin-containing liquid may be used as is (possibly after additives), or it may be lyophilized (lyophilized) to obtain solid reuterin, which is subsequently dissolved in an aqueous medium before being applied to the equipment.

I dansk patentansøgning PA 1999 01800 er beskrevet en ny fremgangsmåde til produktion af reuterin, som muliggør opformering af celler og produktion af reuterin i samme trin. Fremgangsmåden består i, at en Lactobacillus reuteri-stamme dyrkes i batch i et vandigt 15 medium indeholdende s 20 mM glucose (f.eks. s. 15 mM glucose) og > 50 mM glycerol (f.eks. > 75 mM glycerol), eller dyrkes i et vandigt medium indeholdende s 20 mM glucose (f.eks. ^ 15 mM glucose), hvilket medium kontinuerligt tilsættes > 50 mM glycerol (f.eks. > 75 mM glycerol) under dyrkningen. Reuterinet kan produceres ved såvel batchfermenteringer som ved kontinuerlige (chemostat) fermenteringer. Chemostat-20 fermenteringer tillader en kontinuerlig produktion af reuterin.Danish patent application PA 1999 01800 discloses a new method for producing reuterin, which enables cell proliferation and production of reuterin in the same step. The process consists in growing a Lactobacillus reuteri strain in batch in an aqueous medium containing s 20 mM glucose (e.g., p. 15 mM glucose) and> 50 mM glycerol (e.g.,> 75 mM glycerol). or grown in an aqueous medium containing s 20 mM glucose (e.g., 15 mM glucose), which medium is continuously added> 50 mM glycerol (e.g.,> 75 mM glycerol) during culture. The reuterin can be produced by batch fermentations as well as by continuous (chemostat) fermentations. Chemostat fermentations allow for continuous production of reuterin.

Det er særlig fordelagtigt at anvende en højtydende stamme til produktionen af reuterinet, såsom Lactobacillus reuteri 12002, der er deponeret i Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH under betegnelsen DSM 12246. Denne stamme har vist sig at have en væsentligt større produktion af reuterin end kendte Lactobacillus 25 reuteri-stammer, f.eks. LMG 9213.It is particularly advantageous to use a high performance strain for the production of the reuterin, such as Lactobacillus reuteri 12002, which is deposited in Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH under the designation DSM 12246. This strain has been found to have a significantly higher production of reuterin than known. Lactobacillus reuteri strains, e.g. LMG 9213.

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Ved udstyr skal der i foreliggende sammenhæng især forstås knive, værktøjer, borde, behandlingsaggregater og andre indretninger, som anvendes i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder og har en overflade, der kommer i kontakt med skiftende levnedsmiddelemner.In the present context, equipment means in particular, knives, tools, tables, processing units and other devices used in food establishments and having a surface that comes into contact with changing food items.

Ved den omhandlede anvendelse af reuterin til desinficering af levnedsmiddeludstyr er 5 følgende forhold vigtige:In the present application of reuterin for the disinfection of food equipment, the following five factors are important:

Reuterin er en naturlig forbindelse, der er vandopløselig og stabil i pH-området fra 2 til 9.Reuterin is a natural compound that is water soluble and stable in the pH range from 2 to 9.

Ved neutral eller sur pH iagttages ingen formindskelse af aktiviteten efter flere måneder ved 5 °C, og ved temperaturer op til 37 °C er aktiviteten konstant i adskillige uger. Hvis pH er over 9 mister reuterin hurtigt sin virkning (dvs. tilbageværende reuterin på levneds-10 middeludstyr kan om ønsket inaktiveres med en base).At neutral or acidic pH, no decrease in activity is observed after several months at 5 ° C, and at temperatures up to 37 ° C the activity is constant for several weeks. If the pH is above 9, reuterin rapidly loses its effect (i.e., residual reuterin on food equipment can be inactivated with a base if desired).

Reuterin tåler varmebehandling ved 100 °C i 5 minutter uden at miste virkning.Reuterin can withstand heat treatment at 100 ° C for 5 minutes without losing effect.

Opfindelsen beskrives nærmere i de følgende eksempler under henvisning til tegningen, hvori 15 - fig. 1 viser overlevelseskurver for E. coli 0157.Ή7 og L. monocytogenes, der udsættes for 500 AU reuterin/ml i Butterfield phosphatbuffer ved stuetemperatur, - fig. 2 den gennemsnitlige nedsættelse af CFU/cm2 af E. coli 0157.Ή7 stamme MKR 1452 podet på overfladen af kogt skinke ved behandling med forskellige midler efter 15 sekunder og 24 timer, og 20 - fig. 3 tilsvarende resultater for L. monocytogenes stamme.The invention is described in more detail in the following examples with reference to the drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows survival curves for E. coli 0157.Ή7 and L. monocytogenes exposed to 500 AU reuterin / ml in Butterfield phosphate buffer at room temperature; 2 shows the average reduction in CFU / cm 2 of E. coli 0157.Ή7 strain MKR 1452 seeded on the surface of cooked ham by treatment with various agents after 15 seconds and 24 hours, and 20 - fig. 3 similar results for L. monocytogenes strain.

I eksemplerne er de angive procenter vægt/volumen-procenter (w/v), med mindre andet er angivet.In the examples, the percentages are weight / volume percentages (w / v), unless otherwise stated.

Reuterins desinficerende virkning på knive i DK 173239 B1Reuterin's disinfecting effect on knives in DK 173239 B1

Eksempel 1 7 I dette forsøg undersøges reuterins desinficerende virkning på knive. Forsøget er gennemført under produktionsforhold på et svineslagteri.Example 1 7 In this experiment, the disinfecting effect of reuter on knives is investigated. The experiment was carried out under production conditions at a pig slaughterhouse.

5 Efter at knivene er afskyllet med ca. 40 °C varmt vand i 1-2 sekunder, udsættes de for en af følgende desinficerende opløsninger: 1) 5 %'s bufferet mælkesyreopløsning med en temperatur på 82 °C. Knivene neddyppes i den varme opløsning (pH 2,5-3,5) i 10 sek.5 After rinsing the blades with approx. 40 ° C hot water for 1-2 seconds, they are exposed to any of the following disinfecting solutions: 1) 5% buffered lactic acid solution at a temperature of 82 ° C. The blades are immersed in the hot solution (pH 2.5-3.5) for 10 sec.

2) 250 AU reuter in i 5 %’s bufferet mælkesyreopløsning med en temperatur på ca. 20 °C.2) 250 AU reuter into 5% buffered lactic acid solution at a temperature of approx. 20 ° C.

10 Knivene holdes på siden og påsprøjtes ca. 2 ml opløsning. Virketiden er 10 sekunder, hvorefter opløsningen slås af kniven.10 The blades are held on the side and sprayed approx. 2 ml solution. The operating time is 10 seconds, after which the solution is turned off by the knife.

3) 250 AU reuterin i vandig opløsning med en temperatur på ca. 20 °C. Knivene holdes på siden og påsprøjtes ca. 2 ml opløsning. Virketiden er 10 sekunder, hvorefter opløsningen slås af kniven.3) 250 AU reuterin in aqueous solution with a temperature of approx. 20 ° C. The blades are held on the side and sprayed approx. 2 ml solution. The operating time is 10 seconds, after which the solution is turned off by the knife.

15 Efter behandlingen tages prøver fra hele den ene side af knivbladet (med særlig vægt lagt på området omkring skæftet) og 2 cm op ad skæftet.15 After treatment, samples are taken from one side of the knife blade (with special emphasis on the area around the shank) and 2 cm up the shank.

Behandling 1): Det aerobe kimtal bestemmes ved 72 timers inkubation af prøverne på petrifilm, type AC ved 25 °C. Behandling 2) og 3): Prøverne underkastes membran-filtrering umiddelbart efter udtagningen. Membranfiltrene dyrkes på PCA i 72 timer ved 20 25 °C, hvorefter det aerobe kimtal bestemmes. Petrifilmundersøgelse kan ikke anvendes ved behandling 2) og 3), fordi de små mængder reuterin, der overføres til filmen, kan hæmme fremvæksten af tilstedeværende kim.Treatment 1): The aerobic seed count is determined by 72 hours incubation of the samples on petrifilm, type AC at 25 ° C. Treatment 2) and 3): The samples are subjected to membrane filtration immediately after sampling. The membrane filters are grown on PCA for 72 hours at 25 ° C, after which the aerobic seed count is determined. Petroleum film screening cannot be used in treatments 2) and 3) because the small amounts of reuterin transferred to the film can inhibit the growth of the germs present.

DK 173239 B1 8DK 173239 B1 8

Efter behandling 1) med skoldende mælkesyreopløsning findes et kimtal på 1,43 (log 10) ±0,57, dvs. 0,46-log-enheder lavere end ved traditionel desinficering (13 sekunders neddypning i 82 °C varmt vand, hvilket giver et kimtal på 1,89 (log 10) ±0,87). Der opnås således en lille reduktion alene ved behandling med skoldende mælkesyreopløsning, men 5 der er stor forskel på de individuelle prøvers kimtal. Arbejdet med varm mælkesyre-opløsning kan give arbejdsmiljømæssige problemer, da dampene generer luftvejene.After treatment 1) with scalding lactic acid solution, a seed count of 1.43 (log 10) ± 0.57 is found, ie. 0.46-log units lower than traditional disinfection (13 second immersion in 82 ° C hot water, giving a germination rate of 1.89 (log 10) ± 0.87). Thus, a small reduction is obtained only by treatment with scalding lactic acid solution, but there is a large difference in the germ numbers of the individual samples. Working with hot lactic acid solution can cause working environment problems as the vapors are causing the respiratory tract.

Efter behandling 2) med reuterin i kold mælkesyreopløsning findes et kimtal på 1,20 (log 10) ±0,60. Der er således opnået et fald i kimtallet på 0,69 log-enheder i forhold til traditionel desinficering, dvs. behandlingen er væsentligt mere effektiv end traditionel 10 skoldning, men der er dog store forskelle på de enkelte prøvers kimtal.After treatment 2) with reuterin in cold lactic acid solution, a seed count of 1.20 (log 10) ± 0.60 is found. Thus, a decrease in the number of germs of 0.69 log units has been achieved compared to traditional disinfection, ie. The treatment is significantly more effective than traditional 10 scalding, but there are large differences in the germs of the individual samples.

Efter behandling 3) med reuterin i kold vandig opløsning er kimtallet 1,81 (log 10) ±0,38. Kimtallet svarer til det, der opnås ved en traditionel desinficering med varmt vand. En kold reuterinopløsning er altså lige så effektiv til desinficering som en traditionel desinficering af knive med 82 °C varmt vand og giver ingen påbrændingsproblemer.After treatment 3) with reuterine in cold aqueous solution, the seed count is 1.81 (log 10) ± 0.38. The germ count is similar to that achieved with a traditional hot water disinfection. A cold reuterine solution is thus just as effective for disinfection as a traditional disinfection of blades with 82 ° C hot water and does not cause any burning problems.

15 Eksempel 2Example 2

Reuterins desinficerende virkning på plader af rustfrit stålThe disinfecting effect of Reuterin on stainless steel plates

Formålet med dette forsøg er at undersøge reuterins desinficerende virkning på overflader af rustfrit stål, der er tilsmudset med svinekød og fedt, og derefter podet med L. monocytogenes.The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the disinfecting effect of reuterin on stainless steel surfaces soiled with pork and fat, and then seeded with L. monocytogenes.

20 Polerede plader af rustfrit stål steriliseres ved 121 °C i 15 minutter. Pladerne opdeles i tre grupper med fire plader i hver gruppe. Én gruppe gnides med svinekød og én med spæk.20 Polished stainless steel sheets are sterilized at 121 ° C for 15 minutes. The plates are divided into three groups with four plates in each group. One group is rubbed with pork and one with lard.

Denne behandling giver en tynd film af kød og fedt. Den sidste gruppe plader forbliver ubehandlet.This treatment produces a thin film of meat and fat. The last batch of sheets remains untreated.

> DK 173239 B1 9> DK 173239 B1 9

Ved hjælp af en steril, L-formet glasstav podes pladerne med L. monocytogenes 11139, idet der udspredes 0,1 ml afen 18 timers kultur i BHI, så der fås et forureningsniveau på ca.Using a sterile L-shaped glass rod, the plates are seeded with L. monocytogenes 11139, spreading 0.1 ml of an 18-hour culture in BHI to obtain a contamination level of approx.

Ι,ΟχΙΟ4 CFU pr. plade. Cellerne får lov at vedhæfte i 30 minutter ved stuetemperatur (ca.Ι, ΟχΙΟ4 CFU pr. plate. The cells are allowed to attach for 30 minutes at room temperature (ca.

20 °C). Nogle plader behandles med 250 μΐ reuterin-opløsning (500 AU), medens andre 5 ikke behandles (kontrol). Pladerne opbevares i otte timer ved stuetemperatur og 100 % relativ fugtighed.20 ° C). Some plates are treated with 250 μΐ reuterine solution (500 AU), while others 5 are not treated (control). The plates are stored for eight hours at room temperature and 100% relative humidity.

Antallet af L. monocytogenes-kim bestemmes inden opbevaringen og efter 8 timers opbevaring. Der anvendes følgende metode til bestemmelse af kimtallet: Pladerne skylles med en vandig pepton-opløsning (0,8 % NaCl og 0,1 % pepton (pH 7,2)). 1 ml af passende 10 1 O-gangsfortyndinger overføres til petriskåle med 10 ml blodagar, og der inkuberes ved 37 °C. De typiske kolonier tælles efter 24 og 48 timer.The number of L. monocytogenes germs is determined before storage and after 8 hours of storage. The following method is used to determine the seed count: The plates are rinsed with an aqueous peptone solution (0.8% NaCl and 0.1% peptone (pH 7.2)). Transfer 1 ml of appropriate 10 1 O dilutions to Petri dishes with 10 ml blood agar and incubate at 37 ° C. The typical colonies are counted after 24 and 48 hours.

Resultaterne er vist i nedenstående tabel.The results are shown in the table below.

Kimtal (CFU pr. plade) for ubehandlede og reuterinbehandlede pladerKimtal (CFU per plate) for untreated and reuterin treated plates

Tid Tilsmudsning Behandling 15 Kontrol 500 AU reuterin 0 timer Ingen 2,4xl04 ±0,3 2,6xl04 ±0,3Time Soiling Treatment 15 Control 500 AU reuterin 0 hours None 2.4x104 ± 0.3 2.6x104 ± 0.3

Fedt 8,3xl04 ±0,3 2,0xl04 ±0,2 Kød 2,4x10" ±0,2 2,3xl04 ±0,2 20 8 timer Ingen l,3xl04 ±0,7 < 103Fat 8.3x104 ± 0.3 2.0x104 ± 0.2 Meat 2.4x10 "± 0.2 2.3x104 ± 0.2 20 8 hours None 1.3x104 ± 0.7 <103

Fedt 4,0xl04 ±0,9 < 103 Kød 3,3xl04 ±0,8 < 103Fat 4.0x104 ± 0.9 <103 Meat 3.3x104 ± 0.8 <103

Det ses, at overfladebehandling med reuterin inaktiverer bakterier, der har hæftet til polerede plader af rustfrit stål. Ved forsøg med upolerede plader af rustfrit stål er opnået 25 lignende resultater.It is seen that reuterin surface treatment inactivates bacteria that have adhered to polished stainless steel sheets. 25 similar results have been obtained with experiments with unpolished stainless steel sheets.

Reuterins virkning på køds pHThe effect of Reuterin on the pH of meat

DK 173239 B1 10DK 173239 B1 10

Eksempel 3Example 3

Til dette forsøg anvendes prøver af kogt skinke, der behandles med forskellige midler, som anført i tabellen nedenfor.For this experiment, cooked ham samples treated with various agents are used as listed in the table below.

5 Prøvernes pH bestemmes før og umiddelbart efter reuterinbehandling samt efter 24 timers opbevaring. Der anvendes et pH-meter til målingen.5 The pH of the samples is determined before and immediately after reuterin treatment and after 24 hours storage. A pH meter is used for the measurement.

Overflade-pH af behandlede kødprøver ved 7 °CSurface pH of treated meat samples at 7 ° C

Behandlingsmiddel 15 sek. 24 timer 10 Kontrol 6,18±0,02 6,19±0,01Treatment means 15 sec. 24 h 10 Control 6.18 ± 0.02 6.19 ± 0.01

Reuterin (500 AU/ml) 6,10±0,012 6,19±0,02Reuterin (500 AU / ml) 6.10 ± 0.012 6.19 ± 0.02

Reuter in (500 AU/ml) + 5,14±0,02 5,35±0,02 mælkesyre (5 %)Reuter in (500 AU / ml) + 5.14 ± 0.02 5.35 ± 0.02 lactic acid (5%)

Reuterin (500 AU/ml) + 5,36 ±0,04 5,41 ±0,03 15 mælkesyre (5 %) + ethanol (40 % (v/v)) Mælkesyre (5 %) + 5,31 ±0,10 5,39±0,15 ethanol (40% (v/v)) Målingerne viser, at reuterin ikke ændrer kødoverfladens pH, hvorimod dette er tilfældet 20 for mælkesyre. Ethanol synes at formindske mælkesyrens syrevirkning.Reuterin (500 AU / ml) + 5.36 ± 0.04 5.41 ± 0.03 lactic acid (5%) + ethanol (40% (v / v)) Lactic acid (5%) + 5.31 ± 0 , 5.39 ± 0.15 ethanol (40% (v / v)) The measurements show that reuterin does not change the pH of the meat surface, whereas this is the case for lactic acid. Ethanol seems to decrease the acidity of the lactic acid.

Eksempel 4Example 4

Reuterins indflydelse på kødkvaliteten (farve, tekstur) DK 173239 B1 11 I dette forsøg undersøges forskellige behandlingsmidlers indflydelse på svinekøds sensoriske egenskaber.The influence of Reuterin on the quality of meat (color, texture) DK 173239 B1 11 In this experiment, the influence of various processing agents on the sensory properties of pork is investigated.

5 Ferske svinekødsfileter dyppes i opløsninger af behandlingsmidlerne. De behandlede prøvers farve, tekstur og samlede kvalitet bedømmes efter 24 timers lagring ved 7 °C. 18 dommere bedømmer prøverne efter en beskrivende skala med hensyn til farve (1 = lys, meget uønsket farve; 9=meget ønsket farve), tekstur (1 =ekstrem tør; 9 = saftig) og samlet kvalitet (1 = yderst uønsket; 9=yderst ønsket).5 Fresh pork fillets are dipped in solutions of the treating agents. The color, texture and overall quality of the treated samples are assessed after 24 hours storage at 7 ° C. 18 judges rated the samples on a descriptive scale in terms of color (1 = light, very undesirable color; 9 = very desirable color), texture (1 = extremely dry; 9 = juicy), and overall quality (1 = extremely undesirable; 9 = highly desired).

10 De forskellige behandlingsmidlers virkning på farven, teksturen og den samlede kvalitet er vist i nedenstående tabel.10 The effect of the various agents on the color, texture and overall quality is shown in the table below.

Sensoriske egenskaber af behandlede kødprøverSensory properties of processed meat samples

Behandlingsmiddel Farve Tekstur Samlet kvalitet 15 Kontrol 7,5 ±1 7,3 ±1,3 7,6 ±0,6Processing agent Color Texture Overall quality 15 Control 7.5 ± 1 7.3 ± 1.3 7.6 ± 0.6

Reuterin (500 AU/ml) 6,6 ±1,1 6,6 ±1,1 6,8 ±1 Mælkesyre (5 %) 4,3 ±1,6 4,9 ±2,4 4,3 ±1,7Reuterin (500 AU / ml) 6.6 ± 1.1 6.6 ± 1.1 6.8 ± 1 Lactic acid (5%) 4.3 ± 1.6 4.9 ± 2.4 4.3 ± 1 , 7

Reuterin (500 AU/ml) + 4,4 ±1,5 4,3 ±1,6 4,3 ±1,6 mælkesyre (5 %) 20 Reuterin (500 AU/ml) + 5,2 ±1,3 5,9 ±1,3 5,3 ±1,1 mælkesyre (5 %) + ethanol (40 % (v/v)) DK 173239 B1 12Reuterin (500 AU / ml) + 4.4 ± 1.5 4.3 ± 1.6 4.3 ± 1.6 lactic acid (5%) Reuterin (500 AU / ml) + 5.2 ± 1.3 5.9 ± 1.3 5.3 ± 1.1 lactic acid (5%) + ethanol (40% (v / v)) DK 173239 B1 12

Som det ses, forårsager reuterin ikke væsentlige ændringer af kødets kvalitet. Mælkesyre alene eller mælkesyre i kombination med reuterin bevirker misfarvning af kødet og giver uacceptabel tekstur og kvalitet. Ethanol synes at formindske mælkesyres skadelige virkning.As can be seen, reuterin does not cause significant changes in the quality of the meat. Lactic acid alone or lactic acid in combination with reuterin causes discolouration of the meat and provides unacceptable texture and quality. Ethanol seems to diminish the damaging effect of lactic acid.

5 Eksempel 5Example 5

Reuterins væksthæmning og inaktivering afL. monocytogenes og E. coli 0157:H7 in vitroReuterin's growth inhibition and inactivation of L. monocytogenes and E. coli 0157: H7 in vitro

Formålet med dette forsøg er at undersøge, hvilken virkning reuterin har på kort sigt på bakterier i suspension.The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the short-term effect of reuterin on bacteria in suspension.

L. monocytogenes stamme 121 og E. coli 0157.Ή7 stamme MKR 1542 suspenderes i 10 Butterfield phosphatbuffer ved stuetemperatur. Bakteriesuspension (ca. 8 (log 10) CFU/ml) anvendes til at pode 10 ml reuterinopløsning (500 AU/ml). Efter en virketid på 10, 20 og 30 sekunder samt 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 og 30 minutter ved stuetemperatur overføres 1 ml af opløsningen til en quenchingopløsning indeholdende 0,5 % pepton, 0,8 % NaCI og ca. 0,1 ml 15 %’s K3P04-opløsning (pH 9,0). Levedygtige celler bestemmes ved dybdeudsæd i 15 Plate Count Agar (PCA), der inkuberes ved 37 °C i 48 timer.L. monocytogenes strain 121 and E. coli 0157.Ή7 strain MKR 1542 are suspended in 10 Butterfield phosphate buffer at room temperature. Bacterial suspension (about 8 (log 10) CFU / ml) is used to seed 10 ml of reuterine solution (500 AU / ml). After a working time of 10, 20 and 30 seconds as well as 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes at room temperature, 1 ml of the solution is transferred to a quenching solution containing 0.5% peptone, 0.8% NaCl and ca. 0.1 ml of 15% K3 PO4 solution (pH 9.0). Viable cells are determined by deep seed in 15 Plate Count Agar (PCA), incubated at 37 ° C for 48 hours.

Reuterinkoncentrationen, der kræves for at hæmme væksten af E. coli 0157:H7-stammen er 4 AU/ml, medens den for L. monocytogenes-stammen er 8 AU/ml under optimale betingelser for organismerne.The reuterin concentration required to inhibit the growth of E. coli 0157: H7 strain is 4 AU / ml, whereas that of L. monocytogenes strain is 8 AU / ml under optimal conditions for the organisms.

I fig. 1 er vist stammernes overlevelseskurver i Butterfield phosphatbuffer, der er tilsat 500 20 AU reuterin/ml. Kontrolforsøg uden reuterin viser ingen signifikant formindskelse af bakterietallet, medens forsøgene med reuterin ved en virketid på $ 1 min. viser en øjeblikkelig virkning med ti ganges formindskelse af antallet for begge organismer (i fig.In FIG. Figure 1 shows the survival curves of the strains in Butterfield phosphate buffer added to 500 20 AU reuterin / ml. Control trials without reuterin show no significant decrease in bacterial counts, whereas trials with reuterin at an operating time of $ 1 min. shows an immediate effect of ten times the decrease of the number for both organisms (in fig.

1 vist til tiden 0 min.). Ved en virketid af reuterin på op til 30 min. reduceres antallet af levedygtige celler med 3 (log 10) og 5 (log 10) (henholdsvis E. coli 0157.Ή7 og L.1 shown on time 0 min). At an operating time of reuterin of up to 30 min. reduce the number of viable cells by 3 (log 10) and 5 (log 10) (E. coli 0157.Ή7 and L, respectively).

DK 173239 B1 13 monocytogenes). Reuterin har derfor på kort sigt en betydelig virkning på bakterier i suspension.DK 173239 B1 13 monocytogenes). Therefore, in the short term, reuterin has a significant effect on bacteria in suspension.

Eksempel 6Example 6

Reuterins inaktivering afL. monocytogenes og E. coli Q157:H7på kødoverflader ved 7 °CReuterin inactivation of L. monocytogenes and E. coli Q157: H7 on meat surfaces at 7 ° C

5 Formålet med dette forsøg er at undersøge forskellige midlers hæmmende virkning på kort og langt sigt over for organismer på kødoverflader.5 The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the inhibitory effects of various agents in the short and long term against organisms on meat surfaces.

Blokke af kogt skinke, der er hentet fra et slagteri umiddelbart efter varmebehandlingen, udskæres aseptisk i stykker på 5x5x0,5 cm og lagres ved 7 °C i en time inden brug. Prøverne indeholder mindre end 10 CFU/g (bestemt efter 48 timers inkubation ved 30 °C 10 ved dybdeudsæd i PCA). Rodoverfladerne podes med E. coli 0157.Ή7 stamme 1542 eller L. monocytogenes stamme 121, idet der ved hjælp af en steril L-formet glasstav udspredes 75 μ\ af en 18 timers kultur i BHI, så der opnås et forureningsniveau på ca. 5 (log 10) CFU/cm2. Cellevedhæftning får lov at forløbe i 30 minutter ved 7 °C. Kødoverfladen desinficeres ved 7 °C ved neddypning af kødstykkerne i 15 sekunder i 25 ml opløsning 15 indeholdende i) reuterin, ii) reuterin og mælkesyre, iii) reuterin, mælkesyre og ethanol, eller iv) mælkesyre og ethanol. De anvendte koncentrationer er: 500 AU reuterin/ml, 5 % (v/v) mælkesyre (L(+)-mælkesyre, 80 % (w/w)) og 40 % (viv) ethanol. Behandlede prøver og ubehandlede kontrolprøver opbevares i tætlukkede petriskåle ved 7 °C. Prøverne undersøges for overlevelse af E. coli 0157.Ή7 og L. monocytogenes straks (15 sek.) efter 20 behandlingen og igen efter 24 timer. Hver skive skæres i to lige store dele, der overføres til sterile Stomacher-poser og homogeniseres med bufferet pepton-saltopløsning (0,1 g/1 pepton og 8,5 g/1 NaCl) i en Stomacher i 2 minutter. De homogeniserede prøver fortyndes 10 gange i PBS og spredes på plader af Blood Agar Base (Merck) tilsat 5 % defibrineret hesteblod (Difco) (L. monocytogenes) eller på Tryptone Glucose Beef Extract Agar (Difco) 25 (E. coli 0157.Ή7). Antallet af kolonier tælles efter inkubation af pladerne i 48 timer ved 37 °C og kontrolleres ved haemolyse, kolonimorfologi og mikroskopi.Blocks of cooked ham extracted from a slaughterhouse immediately after the heat treatment are aseptically cut into 5x5x0.5 cm pieces and stored at 7 ° C for one hour before use. The samples contain less than 10 CFU / g (determined after 48 hours incubation at 30 ° C at deep seed in PCA). The root surfaces are seeded with E. coli 0157.Ή7 strain 1542 or L. monocytogenes strain 121, using a sterile L-shaped glass rod, spreading 75 µl of an 18 hour culture in BHI to achieve a pollution level of approx. 5 (log 10) CFU / cm 2. Cell attachment is allowed to proceed for 30 minutes at 7 ° C. The meat surface is disinfected at 7 ° C by immersing the pieces of meat for 15 seconds in 25 ml of solution 15 containing i) reuterin, ii) reuterin and lactic acid, iii) reuterin, lactic acid and ethanol, or iv) lactic acid and ethanol. The concentrations used are: 500 AU reuterin / ml, 5% (v / v) lactic acid (L (+) - lactic acid, 80% (w / w)) and 40% (viv) ethanol. Treated samples and untreated control samples are stored in tightly closed Petri dishes at 7 ° C. The samples are examined for survival of E. coli 0157.Ή7 and L. monocytogenes immediately (15 sec) after the 20 treatment and again after 24 hours. Each slice is cut into two equal portions, transferred to sterile Stomacher bags and homogenized with buffered peptone saline (0.1 g / l peptone and 8.5 g / l NaCl) in a Stomacher for 2 minutes. The homogenized samples are diluted 10 times in PBS and spread on plates of Blood Agar Base (Merck) with 5% defibrinated horse blood (Difco) (L. monocytogenes) or on Tryptone Glucose Beef Extract Agar (Difco) 25 (E. coli 0157.Ή7 ). The number of colonies is counted after incubation of the plates for 48 hours at 37 ° C and checked by haemolysis, colony morphology and microscopy.

DK 173239 B1 14DK 173239 B1 14

En trevejs ANOVA-analyse viser, at behandlingsmidlet, tid og organismetype har signifikans (P s 0,05). Fig. 2 og 3 viser resultaterne for henholdsvis E.coli og L. monocytogenes. Som det ses har behandlinger med reuterin såvel en korttids- som en langtidsvirkning ved 7 °C.A three-way ANOVA analysis shows that the agent, time and organism type have significance (P s 0.05). FIG. 2 and 3 show the results for E.coli and L. monocytogenes, respectively. As seen, treatments with reuterin have both a short-term and a long-term effect at 7 ° C.

5 Eksempel 7Example 7

Reuterins virkning på levedygtigheden af E. coli 0157.Ή7på oksekødoverflader 1. Formålet med nedenstående forsøg er at undersøge reuterins virkning på celle-kolonisering af kødoverflader.The effect of Reuterin on the viability of E. coli 0157.Ή7 on beef surfaces 1. The purpose of the experiments below is to investigate the effect of Reuterin on cell colonization of meat surfaces.

10 Forsøget udføres som beskrevet at Chung et al.: Effects of nisin on growth of bacteria attached to meat, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1329-1333 (1989). Koncentreret reuterin-opløsning fortyndes i 10 mM HC1 indeholdende 0,75 % NaCl (pH 5,5) til en slut-koncentration på 200 AU/ml. Frosne oksekødsprøver optøs ved 7 °C i 15 timer og udskæres ved hjælp af en steril skalpel i stykker på 1x1x0,5 cm.The experiment is performed as described by Chung et al: Effects of nisin on growth of bacteria attached to meat, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1329-1333 (1989). Concentrated reuterine solution is diluted in 10 mM HCl containing 0.75% NaCl (pH 5.5) to a final concentration of 200 AU / ml. Frozen beef samples are thawed at 7 ° C for 15 hours and cut using a sterile scalpel into 1x1x0.5 cm pieces.

15 Kødstykkerne nedsænkes i reuterinopløsningen i indtil 10 minutter. Kødet dyppes derefter i en cellesuspension af E. coli 0157.Ή7 (106 CFU/ml), og der inkuberes i 0, 2, 5 og 10 minutter. Med passende tidsintervaller skylles prøverne forsigtigt med fysiologisk saltopløsning. Desuden udføres kontrolforsøg uden reuterinbehandling.15 The pieces of meat are immersed in the reuterine solution for up to 10 minutes. The meat is then dipped in a cell suspension of E. coli 0157.Ή7 (106 CFU / ml) and incubated for 0, 2, 5 and 10 minutes. At appropriate time intervals, the samples are gently rinsed with physiological saline solution. In addition, control experiments are performed without reuterin treatment.

Forsøgene viser, at E. coli 0157:H7's vedhæftning til kød når sit maksimum efter 2 20 minutters neddypning i podemediet. Forlængelse af neddypningstiden til 10 minuter forøger ikke niveauet af vedhæftede celler.The experiments show that E. coli 0157: H7's adherence to meat reaches its maximum after 2 20 minutes of immersion in the seed medium. Extending the immersion time to 10 minutes does not increase the level of adherent cells.

Når kødet er blevet neddyppet i reuterinopløsning, vedhæfter et færre antal E. coli 0157:H7-ce\ler. Den procentvise nedsættelse af vedhæftede celler efter at kødet er blevet neddyppet i reuterinopløsning i 2, 5 og 10 minutter er henholdsvis 43,7, 77,5 og 85,8 %.When the meat has been immersed in reuterine solution, a smaller number of E. coli 0157: H7 cells attach. The percentage reduction in adherent cells after immersion in reuterine solution for 2, 5 and 10 minutes is 43.7, 77.5 and 85.8%, respectively.

v DK 173239 B1 15v DK 173239 B1 15

Der findes ikke vedhæftede E. coli 0157:H7-celler, når neddypningstiden forlænges til 40 minutter.There are no attached E. coli 0157: H7 cells when the immersion time is extended to 40 minutes.

Forsøgene viser således, at en forudgående reuterinbehandling kan hindre eller hæmme cellevedhæftning på kødoverflader.Thus, the experiments show that prior reuterin treatment can prevent or inhibit cell adhesion to meat surfaces.

5 2. Formålet med nedenstående forsøg er at undersøge reuterins virkning på vedhæftede celler.5 2. The purpose of the experiments below is to investigate the effect of reuterin on adherent cells.

Kødoverfladen podes med cellesuspension, og der inkuberes i 10 minutter. Prøverne skylles med fysiologisk saltopløsning og neddyppes i reuterinopløsning (200 AU/ml). Prøver udtages efter 0, 2, 5, og 10 minutter. Kontrolforsøg udføres samtidig under anvendelse af 10 den samme neddypningsopløsning, men uden reuterin. Forsøgene udføres ved stuetemperatur.The meat surface is seeded with cell suspension and incubated for 10 minutes. The samples are rinsed with physiological saline and immersed in reuterine solution (200 AU / ml). Samples are taken after 0, 2, 5, and 10 minutes. Control experiments are performed simultaneously using the same immersion solution, but without reuterin. The tests are carried out at room temperature.

Forsøgene viser, at reuterin har en virkning på vedhæftede E. coli 0157:H7-cel\er, men at den er lavere end når cellerne er under vedhæftning. Den procentvise formindskelse i antallet af levedygtige celler efter 2, 5 og 10 minutters neddypning er henholdsvis 40, 49 15 og 49%.The experiments show that reuterin has an effect on attached E. coli 0157: H7 cells, but is lower than when the cells are attached. The percentage decrease in the number of viable cells after 2, 5 and 10 minutes of immersion is 40, 49 15 and 49%, respectively.

Eksempel 8Example 8

Produktion af reuterin ved hjalp afLb. reuteri 12002Production of reuterin by aided by Lb. reuteri 12002

Lb. reuteri 12002 inkuberes ved 37 °C i 18 timer i MRS-bouillon indeholdende 40 mM glycerol. Kulturen centrifugeres, vaskes to gange med 50 mM phosphatbuffer (pH 7,0) og 20 suspenderes i en sterilfiltreret blanding af vand og glycerol (250 mM glycerol). Kulturen inkuberes i 3 timer ved 37 °C under anaerobe forhold. Efter inkubation lyofiliseres den sterilfiltrerede supernatant, og indholdet af reuterin bestemmes i arbitrære enheder (AU) ved MIC-assay ved hjælp af E. coli IMG 8223 som indikatorstamme (jvf. Chung et al.: In vivo studies on reuterin synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri, Microb. Ecol. Health and Des., DK 173239 B1 16 2, 137-144 (1989)). Reuterinkoncentrationen defineres som den reciprokke værdi af den højeste fortynding, som ikke tillader synlig vækst af indikatorstammen.Lb. Reuteri 12002 is incubated at 37 ° C for 18 hours in MRS broth containing 40 mM glycerol. The culture is centrifuged, washed twice with 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and suspended in a sterile filtered mixture of water and glycerol (250 mM glycerol). The culture is incubated for 3 hours at 37 ° C under anaerobic conditions. After incubation, the sterile-filtered supernatant is lyophilized and the content of reuterin determined in arbitrary units (AU) by MIC assay using E. coli IMG 8223 as indicator strain (cf. Chung et al.: In vivo studies on reuterin synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri Microb. Ecol. Health and Des., DK 173239 B1 16 2, 137-144 (1989)). The reuterine concentration is defined as the reciprocal value of the highest dilution, which does not allow visible growth of the indicator strain.

Efter 3 timers inkubation af Lb. reuteri 12002 ved 37 °C findes koncentrationen af reuterin at være 128-256 AU/ml. Forlængelse af inkubationstiden forøger ikke slutkoncentrationen.After 3 hours of incubation of Lb. reuteri 12002 at 37 ° C, the concentration of reuterin is found to be 128-256 AU / ml. Extending the incubation time does not increase the final concentration.

5 I dyrknings-blandingen kan kun detekteres tre forbindelser: Glycerol, 1,3-propandiol og reuterin.Only three compounds can be detected in the culture mixture: glycerol, 1,3-propanediol and reuterin.

Eksempel 9Example 9

Reuterinproduktion I dette forsøg anvendes Lb. reuteri stamme 12002 til produktion af reuterin ved en 10 totrinsproces.Reuterine Production In this experiment, Lb. reuteri strain 12002 for the production of reuterin by a 10 step process.

1. Til produktion af biomasse af Lb. reuteri udføres batchfermenteringer i en 15 liters Applikon-fermentor med en Applikon ADI 1020 styreenhed. Der dyrkes i modificeret MRS-bouillon, der pr. liter destilleret vand indeholder 10 pepton (Merck), 8 g kødekstrakt (Merck), 4 g gærekstrakt (Difco), 1,5 g natriumacetat, 2 g K2HP04, 1,2 g Tween 80 15 (Sigma), 2 g (NH4)2 HQI^O,, 0,2 g MgS04 (7^10), 0,02 g Mn$0 og 0,25 g anti-skummemiddel (pH 4,3).1. For the production of biomass of Lb. reuteri, batch fermentations are performed in a 15 liter Applikon fermentor with an Applikon ADI 1020 controller. It is grown in modified MRS broth, which per. liter of distilled water contains 10 peptone (Merck), 8 g of meat extract (Merck), 4 g of yeast extract (Difco), 1.5 g of sodium acetate, 2 g of K2HPO4, 1.2 g of Tween 80 15 (Sigma), 2 g (NH4) 2 HQl 2 O, 0.2 g MgSO 4 (7 ^ 10), 0.02 g Mn $ 0 and 0.25 g anti-foaming agent (pH 4.3).

Efter autoklavering af mediet ved 121 °C i 15 minutter tilsættes steril filtreret glucose (Sigma) i en mængde på 60 mM. Fermenteren podes med en suspension af Lb. reuteri 12002, der er tilberedt som beskrevet i eksempel 8. Det effektive fermentervolumen er 14 20 1, omrøringshastigheden 250 omdr./min., og temperaturen 37 °C. pH overvåges og holdes ved tilsætning af 6 N NaOH eller 3 N H3P04. Der skylles med 60 ml/min. sterilfiltreret nitrogen så anaerobe forhold opretholdes. Cellerne høstes efter 20 timer ved centrifugering (7000 G, 10 min., 4 °C), og der vaskes to gange med phosphatbuffer (pH 7,2, 50 mM).After autoclaving the medium at 121 ° C for 15 minutes, sterile filtered glucose (Sigma) is added in an amount of 60 mM. The fermenter is seeded with a suspension of Lb. reuteri 12002 prepared as described in Example 8. The effective fermenter volume is 14 20 l, the stirring speed 250 rpm, and the temperature 37 ° C. The pH is monitored and maintained by the addition of 6N NaOH or 3N H3 PO4. Rinse at 60 ml / min. sterile filtered nitrogen so that anaerobic conditions are maintained. Cells are harvested after 20 hours by centrifugation (7000 G, 10 min, 4 ° C) and washed twice with phosphate buffer (pH 7.2, 50 mM).

DK 173239 B1 17 2. De vaskede celler inkuberes i en vandig glycerolopløsning (250 mM glycerol) under anaerobe forhold (skylning med nitrogen). Den resulterende supernatant steriliseres ved filtrering og lyofiliseres derefter til formindsket volumen. Det lyofiliserede reuterin opbevares ved 4 °C og kan holde sig i mere end et år uden tab af aktivitet.DK 173239 B1 17 2. The washed cells are incubated in an aqueous glycerol solution (250 mM glycerol) under anaerobic conditions (rinse with nitrogen). The resulting supernatant is sterilized by filtration and then lyophilized to reduced volume. The lyophilized reuterin is stored at 4 ° C and can remain for more than a year without loss of activity.

Claims (18)

1. Fremgangsmåde til desinficering af udstyr i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder, fortrinsvis udstyr, der anvendes ved slagtning og kødforarbejdning, kendetegnet ved, at et vandigt medium indeholdende reuterin påføres på overfladen af udstyret.A method of disinfecting equipment in food establishments, preferably equipment used for slaughter and meat processing, characterized in that an aqueous medium containing reuterin is applied to the surface of the equipment. 2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det vandige medium påføres mindst én gang dagligt.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous medium is applied at least once daily. 3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det vandige medium påføres i det mindste umiddelbart efter (daglig) rengøring af udstyret.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous medium is applied at least immediately after (daily) cleaning of the equipment. 4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det vandige medium påføres i 10 forbindelse med arbejdspauser eller holdskift.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous medium is applied in connection with working breaks or hold changes. 5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det vandige medium påføres 1 til 24 gange dagligt med et tidsinterval på 1 til 24 timer eller for hvert n antal emner, der behandles, hvor n er lig 10 til 10.000.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous medium is applied 1 to 24 times daily with a time interval of 1 to 24 hours or for every n number of items treated, where n equals 10 to 10,000. 6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at mediet påføres som spray (tåge), 15 væskefilm eller stråle.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium is applied as a spray (mist), liquid film or jet. 7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at mediet påføres med eller uden efterfølgende aftørring inden udstyret anvendes igen.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium is applied with or without subsequent wiping before the equipment is used again. 8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at mediet yderligere indeholder glycerol og en reuterinproducerende bakteriestamme.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium further contains glycerol and a reuterin-producing bacterial strain. 9. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at mediet desuden indeholder glucose i en koncentration på s 20 mM. 19 DK 173239 B1Process according to claim 8, characterized in that the medium further contains glucose at a concentration of s 20 mM. 19 DK 173239 B1 10. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at mediet yderligere indeholder mindst en af følgende bestanddele: fortykkelsesmiddel, tensid eller mælkesyre.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium further contains at least one of the following components: thickener, surfactant or lactic acid. 11. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at mediet indeholder 1-500 AU reuterin pr. ml.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium contains 1-500 AU reuterin per ml. ml. 12. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at mediet indeholder 105 til 107 CFU/ml reuterinproducerende bakteriestamme.Process according to claim 8, characterized in that the medium contains 105 to 107 CFU / ml reuterin-producing bacterial strain. 13. Middel til desinficering af udstyr i levnedsmiddelvirksomheder, fortrinsvis udstyr, der anvendes ved slagtning eller kødforarbejdning, kendetegnet ved, at det omfatter et vandigt medium indeholdende reuterin.A means for disinfecting equipment in food establishments, preferably equipment used for slaughter or meat processing, characterized in that it comprises an aqueous medium containing reuterin. 14. Middel ifølge krav 13, kendetegnet ved, at mediet yderligere indeholder glycerol og en reuterinproducerende bakteriestamme.Agent according to claim 13, characterized in that the medium further contains glycerol and a reuterin producing bacterial strain. 15. Middel ifølge krav 13, kendetegnet ved, at mediet indeholder 1-500 AU reuterin pr. ml.The agent according to claim 13, characterized in that the medium contains 1-500 AU reuterin per ml. ml. 16. Middel ifølge krav 14, kendetegnet ved, at mediet indeholder 105 til 107 CFU/ml 15 reuterinproducerende bakteriestamme.Agent according to claim 14, characterized in that the medium contains 105 to 107 CFU / ml 15 reuterin producing bacterial strain. 17. Middel ifølge krav 14, kendetegnet ved, at mediet desuden indeholder glucose i en koncentration på s 20 mM.Agent according to claim 14, characterized in that the medium further contains glucose at a concentration of s 20 mM. 18. Middel ifølge krav 13, kendetegnet ved, at mediet yderligere indeholder mindst en af følgende bestanddele: fortykkelsesmiddel, tensid eller mælkesyre.Agent according to claim 13, characterized in that the medium further contains at least one of the following components: thickener, surfactant or lactic acid.
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EP2158813A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-03 Omya Development AG Stabilisation of aqueous mineral preparations by reuterin

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US8617537B2 (en) * 2008-06-10 2013-12-31 Biogaia Ab Controlled activation of the reuterin-production machinery of lactobacillus
DE102009002811A1 (en) 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Enzymatic process for the preparation of aldehydes

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2158813A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-03 Omya Development AG Stabilisation of aqueous mineral preparations by reuterin
WO2010023143A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Omya Development Ag Stabilisation of aqueous mineral preparations by reuterin
US8187589B2 (en) 2008-08-28 2012-05-29 Omya Development Ag Stabilisation of aqueous mineral preparations by reuterin

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