DK171281B1

DK171281B1 - A method of producing a terrain ribbed deck and an element for use in the practice of the method.

Info

Publication number: DK171281B1
Application number: DK118290A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Erik Thelberg
Original assignee: Sundolitt Ab
Priority date: 1990-05-10
Filing date: 1990-05-10
Publication date: 1996-08-19
Also published as: DK118290D0; DK118290A

Description

DK 171281 B1DK 171281 B1

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til frembringelse af en fundamentsplade af beton, med mellem terrænnet og fundamentspladen beliggende varmeisolering.The present invention relates to a method for producing a concrete foundation plate, with thermal insulation located between the terrain and the foundation plate.

US-A 1,133,801 viser fremstilling af en armeret betonkon-5 struktion, som omfatter et antal rækker med teglsten mellem hvilke armering placeres på rette sted, før udstøbning af beton mellem stenene. Teglsten kan næppe anses for at være varmeisolerende i særlig stor grad, såsom celleplast er det.US-A 1,133,801 discloses the preparation of a reinforced concrete structure comprising a number of rows of bricks between which reinforcement is placed in the proper place before casting concrete between the stones. Bricks can hardly be considered to be heat insulating to a particularly great extent, such as cellular plastic.

US-A 1,793,892 og 3,290,843 viser tillige betonplader udlo støbt på teglsten, henholdsvis betonbjælker.US-A 1,793,892 and 3,290,843 also show concrete slabs cast on brick or concrete beams, respectively.

Fra EP-patentskrift 14 294 er det kendt at udstøbe en betonplade ved oven på en fiberplade at anbringe løse elementer af celleplast i indbyrdes afstand fra hinanden. Ved udstøb-ningen kan celleplastelementerne forskyde sig, ligesom der 15 ikke er isolering under betonen mellem disse.It is known from EP patent 14 294 to cast a concrete slab by spacing loose elements of cellular plastic at a distance from one another. In the molding, the cellular plastic elements can displace, just as there is no insulation under the concrete between them.

Således kan man ikke frembringe en fundamentsplade af beton, som er varmeisolerende nedadtil, og som kan gøres bøjningsstiv, let og billig.Thus, it is not possible to produce a concrete slab that is heat insulating downwards and which can be made rigid, light and inexpensive.

Formålet med foreliggende opfindelse er at angive en 20 fremgangsmåde, som bl.a. muliggør frembringelse af meget lette bjælkelag og undgå fugtproblemer fra terrænet. Yderligere fordele, der muliggøres at opnå, er: mindsket pilotering, mindsket egenvægt samt mulighed for at opnå store spændvidder.The object of the present invention is to provide a method which, inter alia, enables the creation of very light joists and avoids moisture problems from the terrain. Other advantages that can be achieved are: reduced piloting, reduced self-weight and the possibility of achieving wide ranges.

25 Nævnte formål opnås ved en fremgangsmåde ifølge forelig gende opfindelse, som er kendetegnet ved, at der på et bærende underlag f.eks. terræn udlægges varmeisoleringselementer, som helt eller i det mindste hvis overdele består af celleplastmateriale, og som ved undersiden har i sideværts 30 retning, fortrinsvis langs hele omkredsen udskydende partier af isolerende materiale for dannelse af et mellemrum oven over de udskydende partier, og mellem de ind mod hinanden udlagte isoleringselementer for modtagelse af armering og beton ved efterfølgende udstøbning af betonplade og bjælker oven på 35 de udlagte elementer henholdsvis mellem disses overdele. Ved opfindelsen er man således fri for en separat forskalling, idet denne dannes af de varmeisolerende elementer, der kan anbringes direkte på et afrettet underlag eller fra terræn DK 171281 B1 2 opragende bærende dele. I sidstnævnte tilfælde opnås tillige en ventilering under det varmeisolerende lag.Said object is achieved by a method according to the present invention, characterized in that on a supporting substrate e.g. on the ground, thermal insulation elements are laid out, wholly or at least the upper parts of which are made of cellular plastic material, and which have a lateral 30 laterally extending portion, preferably along the whole circumferential insulating material, to form a space above the projecting portions and between against each other insulation elements for receiving reinforcement and concrete by subsequent casting of concrete slab and beams on top of the laid elements respectively between their upper parts. Accordingly, the invention is free of a separate formwork as it is formed by the heat-insulating elements which can be placed directly on a leveled surface or bearing parts projecting from terrain DK 171281 B1 2. In the latter case, ventilation is also obtained under the heat insulating layer.

Ved ifølge krav 3 at isoleringselementerne udlægges på bjælkebunddannende dele, der hæver sig op fra terrænet, og 5 som består af isolerende materiale, kan der udelukkende gøres brug af rektangulære elementer.According to claim 3, the insulation elements are laid on beam-forming parts which rise from the ground and 5 consisting of insulating material, only rectangular elements can be used.

Ifølge krav 4 anvendes der bjælkebunddannende dele med partier, der går ind mellem de herpå udlagte elementer, således at afstanden mellem disse er givet af disse partier.According to claim 4, beam-forming parts are used with portions which go in between the elements laid out thereon, so that the distance between them is given by these portions.

10 Et yderligere formål med foreliggende opfindelse er at frembringe et isoleringselement for gennemførsel af fremgangsmåden .A further object of the present invention is to provide an insulating element for carrying out the process.

Nævnte yderligere formål opnås ved hjælp af et element ifølge foreliggende opfindelse, og som er kendetegnet derved, 15 at elementet er skiveformet, og som helt eller i det mindste hvis overdel består af celleplastmateriale, og som ved undersiden, fortrinsvis langs hele omkredsen har i sideværts retning udskydende partier af isolerende materiale for dannelse af mellemrum oven over de udskydende partier, og mellem de 20 indtil hinanden liggende elementer for dannelse af støbeunderlag eller -form for udstøbning af fundamentspladen og bjælkerne fremstillet af beton.Said further object is achieved by means of an element according to the present invention, characterized in that the element is disc-shaped and which consists entirely or at least the upper part of which is made of cellular plastic material and which, at the underside, preferably along the entire circumference direction of projecting portions of insulating material to form spaces above the projecting portions, and between the 20 adjacent elements for forming casting substrate or mold for casting the foundation board and beams made of concrete.

Anvendelsesområdet for opfindelsen er ifølge følgende: fundamentsplader på terræn, fundamentsplader på piloterings-25 pæle, fundamentsplader på kohesionspæle, forstærkede fundamentsplader for at undgå pilotering, og kompensationsopførte huse med meget stiv fundamentsplade. Fordele, der opnås ved opfindelsen er ifølge følgende: mindsket pilotering, reduceret egenvægt, mindsket beton- og armeringsmængde og opnåelse 30 af store spændvidder. Bedre udnyttelse af pælene medfører mindsket piloteringsomkostninger. Højeffektive pæle kan anvendes. En meget stiv fundamentsplade kan bygges med lille deformation. Forbedret varmeisolering giver bedre komfort og lavere driftomkostninger. Ved betonudstøbningen synker beton-35 massen ikke ned i stenlaget, dvs. at der intet spild forekommer. Celleplasten er et stift materiale, hvilket indebærer, at der ikke sker noget spild af beton, og det gøres muligt at opnå bedre planhed af betonpladen. Distancering af armeringen forenkles. Fundamentsbjælker og pælehoveder kan undgås, vi- DK 171281 B1 3 brering og ekstra beton på grund af fundamentsrender bortfalder, hvilket medfører enkel vibrering. Der behøves heller ingen formarbejde og rationelle arbejdsmetoder kan tillempes.The field of application of the invention is as follows: foundation plates on terrain, foundation plates on piloting 25 piles, foundation plates on cohesion piles, reinforced foundation plates to avoid piloting, and compensated erected houses with very rigid foundation plate. Advantages obtained by the invention are as follows: reduced piloting, reduced weight, reduced concrete and reinforcement amount and the attainment of large spans. Better utilization of the poles results in lower pilot costs. High-efficiency piles can be used. A very rigid foundation plate can be built with little deformation. Improved thermal insulation provides better comfort and lower operating costs. During concrete pouring, the concrete mass does not sink into the rock layer, ie. that there is no waste. The cellular plastic is a rigid material, which means that there is no waste of concrete, and it is possible to achieve better flatness of the concrete slab. Distribution of the reinforcement is simplified. Foundation beams and pile heads can be avoided, as well as bracing and extra concrete due to foundation gutter lapses, resulting in simple vibration. Also, no formwork is needed and rational working methods can be applied.

Bjælkelag kan takket være opfindelsen udføres meget let 5 med reduceret betonmængde. Dette opnås ved at tværsnittet bliver T-formet, såkaldt ribbedæk eller kuppeldæk. Den mindskede vægt giver tillige mindsket armeringsmængde.Beam layers, thanks to the invention, can be carried out very easily with reduced concrete volume. This is achieved by the cross-section being T-shaped, so-called ribbed or dome tires. The reduced weight also gives a reduced amount of reinforcement.

Fugtproblemer fra terrænet undgås ved, at det varmeisolerende materiale hæves fra terræn, så der fremkommer en venti-10 leret spalte eller ved, at elementerne har et nedadtil åbent ventilationshulrum, som strækker sig ud til to modstående sidekanter. Takket være denne konstruktion kan det sædvanlige dræningslag sløjfes.Moisture problems from the terrain are avoided by raising the heat insulating material from the terrain to produce a ventilated slit or by the elements having a downwardly open ventilation cavity extending to two opposite side edges. Thanks to this construction, the usual drainage layer can be looped.

Opfindelsen beskrives i det følgende i form af et antal 15 foretrukne udførelseseksempler med henvisning til medfølgende tegninger, på hvilke: fig. 1-5 viser tværsnit gennem bjælkelag af forskellige slags, fig. 6 viser en udformning med højt beliggende ventileret 20 hulrum, fig. 7-10 og 12 viser perspektiviske billeder af isole-ringselemneter, og fig. 11 viser et tværsnit gennem et yderligere bjælkelag.The invention is described below in the form of a number of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 1-5 show cross sections through beam layers of various kinds; 6 shows a configuration with highly located ventilated 20 cavities; FIG. 7-10 and 12 show perspective views of insulating elements, and FIGS. 11 shows a cross section through a further beam layer.

Den bærende ide i opfindelsen er, at varmeisoleringen 3 25 dels danner et spareelement, dels at den udnyttes som afstandsorgan mod terræn for at opnå et ventileret hulrum.The basic idea of the invention is that the thermal insulation 3 forms part of a spare element and partly that it is used as a spacer against terrain to obtain a ventilated cavity.

Fig. 1-5 viser forskellige tværsnit gennem bjælkelag I-V, hvor varmeisoleringsmaterialet 3 danner spareelementer og afstandsorgan mod terræn 1, mens der i fig. 6 er vist en ud-30 formning af bjælkelag VI med større ventileret hulrum ΙΟ6. I fig. 7-9 er vist perspektiviske billeder af kombinerede spare- og isoleringselementer 3 med forskellige udformninger.FIG. 1-5 show various cross sections through beam layers I-V, where the thermal insulation material 3 forms spare elements and spacer against terrain 1, whereas in FIG. 6, there is shown a configuration of beam layer VI with larger ventilated cavity ΙΟ6. In FIG. 7-9 are perspective views of combined spare and insulating elements 3 of different designs.

Varmeisoleringsmaterialet 3 kan leveres skræddersyet til byggepladsen med valgfri udformning. Forskellige typer af 35 isoleringsmaterialer kan kombineres, dvs. sammenlimes for at opnå bedre funktion. Således kan det nederste lag 3Ά bestå af mineraluld, sådan som det vises i fig. 8, 10 og 11, og som ikke har nogen kapillær stigehøjde, og i fig. 8-10 vises et DK 171281 B1 4 lamineret isoleringslegeme 3 bestående af f.eks. celleplast 3B med underside af mineraluld 3A.The thermal insulation material 3 can be supplied tailor-made for the construction site of any design. Different types of 35 insulating materials can be combined, viz. are glued together for better function. Thus, the lower layer 3Ά may consist of mineral wool as shown in FIG. 8, 10 and 11, and having no capillary rise height, and in FIG. 8-10, a DK 171281 B1 4 laminated insulating body 3 consisting of e.g. cell plastic 3B with underside of mineral wool 3A.

Isoleringsenhederne 3 kan tillige udføres ved udskæring af bjælkekroppen i isoleringselementet som vist i fig. 7.The insulating units 3 can also be made by cutting the beam body of the insulating element as shown in FIG. 7th

5 Fig. 9 viser et kvadratisk isoleringselement 3 for opnå else af kuppelbjælkelag.FIG. 9 shows a square insulating element 3 for obtaining dome beam layers.

Fig. 11 og 12 viser et isoleringselement 3 for opnåelse af luftspalte og materialebesparelse. Hvert isoleringselement 3 kan være opbygget af samme materiale eller forskellige ma-10 terialer for at opnå ønsket funktion.FIG. 11 and 12 show an insulating element 3 for obtaining air gap and material saving. Each insulating element 3 may be constructed of the same material or different materials to achieve the desired function.

Nedenfor redegøres for en fremgangsmåde for frembringelse af en fundamentsplade 7 med mellem terrænet 1 og pladen 7 beliggende varmeisolering. På terrænet 1, eller på et dræningslag 2 eller på et varmeisolerende og kapillærbrydende lag 9, 15 udlægger man spare- og isoleringselementerne 3 i en vis afstand, således at der dannes et mellemrum 4 mellem fra underlaget 1; 2; 9 udskydende overdele 3B. Armering 6 udlægges i form af stænger og af bøjlearmering i mellemrummene 4 før ud-støbning af beton på isoleringselementerne 3 og i mellemrum-20 mene 4 før dannelse af betonplade 7 og bjælker 5. Varmeisoleringen 3 er anordnet til dels at danne spareelementer for betonen, og dels til at udnyttes som afstandsorgan mod underlaget for at opnå et ventileret hulrum under fundamentspladen 7.A method for producing a foundation plate 7 with thermal insulation between the terrain 1 and the plate 7 is described below. On the terrain 1, or on a drainage layer 2 or on a heat insulating and capillary breaking layer 9, 15, the saving and insulating elements 3 are placed at a certain distance, so that a space 4 is formed between from the substrate 1; 2; 9 protruding tops 3B. Reinforcement 6 is laid out in the form of rods and of buoy reinforcement in the spaces 4 before casting concrete on the insulating elements 3 and in the spaces 20 before forming concrete slab 7 and beams 5. The thermal insulation 3 is arranged in part to form spare elements for the concrete. and partly to be utilized as a spacer against the substrate to obtain a ventilated cavity beneath the base plate 7.

25 Elementerne 3 kan fastholdes mod forskydning ved, at der slås stænger 8 ned i terrænet l, som det er vist i fig. 1.The elements 3 can be restrained against displacement by knocking down bars 8 into the terrain 1, as shown in FIG. First

I fig. 3 vises, hvorledes dræningslaget erstattes af et varmeisolerende og kapillærbrydende lag 9.In FIG. 3 is shown how the drainage layer is replaced by a heat insulating and capillary breaking layer 9.

I fig. 4 vises en udformning for opnåelse af et ventile-30 ret hulrum 10. Isolerings- og spareelementerne 3 udlægges på kapillærbrydende og varmeisolerende af standsorganer 11 som tillige danner bjælkebunden, hvorved betonen ikke får kontakt med terræn 1.In FIG. 4, there is shown a design for obtaining a vented cavity 10. The insulating and saving elements 3 are laid on capillary breaking and heat insulating of stand members 11 which also form the beam floor, thereby preventing the concrete from contacting terrain 1.

I fig. 5 vises samme udførelse, men hvor afstandsorganer-35 ne 11 er udformet med en i bjælkebunden opragende del 12, som giver låsning af elementerne 3.In FIG. 5, the same embodiment is shown, but in which the spacers 11 are formed with a part 12 projecting into the beam floor which provides locking of the elements 3.

Ifølge opfindelsen udlægger man isolering, så varmeisolering opnås helt ud til fundamentspladens ydre afgrænsning, og der opnås luftspalte mellem terræn og isolering. Man kan som DK 171281 B1 5 nævnt udlægge isoleringselementer 3, der nedadtil har i sideværts retning udskydende partier 3A for dannelse af et mellemrum 4 ovenover disse hos indtil hinanden udlagte isoleringselementer 3, og man kan tillige lade isoleringen 3 bæres 5 oppe af fra terrænet opragende bjælkebunddannende dele 11, 12, og som består af isoleringsmateriale, hvorved man kan låse isoleringen 3 med fra terrænet opstikkende dele 12 ved at lade disse skyde ind mellem isoleringen 3.According to the invention, insulation is laid out so that thermal insulation is achieved all the way to the outer boundary of the foundation plate and an air gap between the terrain and insulation is obtained. As mentioned DK 171281 B1 5, insulating elements 3 having downwardly projecting portions 3A to form a gap 4 may be laid down over these of insulated elements 3 laid out, and the insulation 3 may also be carried upwards from the terrain projecting beam-forming parts 11, 12, and consisting of insulation material, whereby the insulation 3 can be locked with parts 12 protruding from the terrain by letting them slide in between the insulation 3.

Terrænribbedæk kan således bygges op af celleplast ele-10 menter 3, i hvilke der kan findes udfræsede spor i en eller to retninger, som danner selve bjælkeformen. Undersiden kan være forsynet med spor for dræning. Terrænribbedæk kan bygges som et krydsarmeret ribbedæk eller som et enkeltspændt ribbedæk.Thus, terrain ribbed decks can be built up of cellular plastic elements 3, in which milled grooves can be found in one or two directions which form the beam shape itself. The underside may be provided with traces of drainage. The terrain rib deck can be built as a cross-reinforced rib deck or as a single-tensioned rib deck.

15 Spareelementernes højde kan varieres, og bjælkebredden kan vælges op til valgfri dimension.15 The height of the spare elements can be varied and the beam width can be selected up to an optional dimension.

Claims

A method of producing a concrete foundation plate (7), with heat insulation located between the terrain (1) and the foundation plate (7), characterized in that on a load-bearing substrate, e.g. terrain (1), thermal insulation elements are laid out, wholly or at least the upper parts of which consist of cellular plastic material, which at the underside preferably have 10 portions (3A) of insulating material projecting along the entire circumference, to form a space (4) above the projecting portions, and between the insulated elements (3) laid out against each other for receiving reinforcement (6) and concrete by subsequent casting of concrete slab (7) and beams (5) on top of the laid elements (3) respectively between them uppers (3A).

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that insulation is laid out so that heat insulation is achieved completely with the outer boundary of the foundation plate and an air gap between the terrain and the insulation.

Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the insulating elements (3) are laid on beam-forming parts (11, 12) which rise from the ground and which consist of insulating material.

Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulating elements (3) are locked with the parts (12) projecting from the terrain, in that they have portions entering between the insulating elements (3).

5. An element for carrying out a method for producing a concrete foundation plate with a terrain and 30 foundation plate thermal insulation according to any of the above-mentioned patent claims, characterized in that the element is slab-shaped and as a whole or at least the upper part ( 3B) consists of cellular plastic material which has downwardly projecting portions (3A) of insulating material downwardly and preferably along the entire circumference, to form spaces above the projecting portions, and between adjacent elements (3) to form casting base or mold for casting the foundation plate (7) and the beams (5) made of concrete. DK 171281 B1 7

Element according to claim 5, characterized in that there is a downwardly open ventilation cavity (10) below the center of the insulating element and which extends to two opposite side edges.