DK170466B1

DK170466B1 - Process for lubricating a surface such as a mould for producing glass objects

Info

Publication number: DK170466B1
Application number: DK599787A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Franck Virey
Original assignee: Air Liquide
Priority date: 1986-03-17
Filing date: 1987-11-16
Publication date: 1995-09-11
Also published as: DK599787A; DK599787D0

Description

DK 170466 B1DK 170466 B1

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til smøring af en overflade, såsom en støbeform, et transportbånd osv. til fremstilling af glasgenstande, såsom kar, og af den i krav 1's indledning angivne art.The present invention relates to a method for lubricating a surface, such as a mold, a conveyor belt, etc., for the production of glass objects such as vessels, and of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1.

5 Fremstilling af glasgenstande, især hule glasgenstande, såsom flasker, kolber osv. udføres sædvanligvis på to måder:Preparation of glassware, especially hollow glassware, such as bottles, flasks, etc., is usually carried out in two ways:

Den første fremgangsmåde kaldet "blæst-blæst", ved hvilken man danner et råemne ved blæsning i en før-10 ste støbeform, idet råemnet derpå overføres til en anden form, i hvilken det blæses, så det antager sin endelige form.The first method, called "blown-blown", in which a blank is formed by blowing in a first mold, the blank then being transferred to a second mold in which it is blown to assume its final shape.

Den anden fremgangsmåde kaldet "presset-blæst", ved hvilken der dannes et råemne ved at presse en glas-15 dråbe eller glasmasse gennem en tragt ned i en form, i-det dette råemne derpå overføres til en blæseform, hvor det hule råemne blæses, så det antager sin endelige form.The second method, called "pressed-blown," in which a blank is formed by pressing a drop of glass or glass through a funnel into a mold, is then transferred to a blow mold in which the hollow blank is blown. , so it assumes its final form.

Flade glasgenstande fremstilles sædvanligvis ved 20 presning.Flat glass articles are usually manufactured at pressing.

Uanset hvilken fremgangsmåde der anvendes, smøres de indvendige vægge af formene, hvori råemnerne dannes, regelmæssigt for at tillade en forbedret gennemtrængning af glasset og undgå visse overfladedefekter 25 af råemnet, hvilke defekter forbliver på det færdige kar. Den teknik, der for nærværende stadigvæk hyppigt anvendes i glasværker, er en teknik, som indbefatter manuel smøring af formene, hvilket ikke er uden fare for dem, som udfører smøringen. Denne smøring udføres sædvan-30 ligvis med en olie indeholdende grafit i suspension.Regardless of the method used, the interior walls of the molds in which the blanks are formed are periodically lubricated to allow an improved penetration of the glass and avoid certain surface defects 25 of the blank which defects remain on the finished vessel. The technique still widely used in glassworks at present is a technique which involves manual lubrication of the molds, which is not without danger to those who perform the lubrication. This lubrication is usually carried out with an oil containing graphite in suspension.

Ved en sådan manuel fremgangsmåde har operatøren en tendens til at afsætte en stor mængde olie for at reducere smøringsfrekvensen. Dette medfører tilsmudsning af de første råemner, som fremstilles efter hver smø-35 ring og forøger tabene på fremstillingslinien betragteligt. Desuden dannes der en stor mængde røg i arbejdsområdet.In such a manual approach, the operator tends to deposit a large amount of oil to reduce the lubrication frequency. This results in soiling of the first blanks which are produced after each lubrication and considerably increases the losses on the production line. In addition, a large amount of smoke is formed in the work area.

2 DK 170466 B12 DK 170466 B1

Man har i lang tid forsøgt at erstatte den manuelle smøring med en automatisk smøring ved fremstillingslinierne for glasbeholdere, hidtil uden succes. *For a long time they have tried to replace the manual lubrication with an automatic lubrication at the glass container manufacturing lines, so far without success. *

Det franske patentskrift nr. 1.285.586 beskriver 5 en automatisk smøringsproces til en lukket form, ved hvilken støbningsindretningen er forsynet med smøringskanaler, gennem hvilke man indsprøjter olie i formen, før glasmassen introduceres i denne.French Patent Specification No. 1,285,586 discloses an automatic lubrication process for a closed mold, wherein the molding device is provided with lubrication channels through which oil is injected into the mold before the glass mass is introduced into it.

Indførelsen af olie ved en manuel eller automa-10 tisk fremgangsmåde medfører stor lokal forurening, eftersom olien brænder ved kontakt med formene og afgiver en tyk sort røg indeholdende polyaromatiske kulbrinter.The introduction of oil by a manual or automatic process causes great local contamination as the oil burns upon contact with the molds and emits a thick black smoke containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons.

Denne forurening genfindes på glasgenstandene, idet disse dækkes af aflejringer fra ufuldstændig forbrænding af 15 olien, som ikke brænder i luft på trods af den høje temperatur ved hvilken råemnet forlader formen, hvilket i praksis udelukker smøring før hver indførelse af glasmasse. Hvis denne smøring ikke udføres før hver indførelse, er der en hurtig formindskelse i forureningen, 20 men en tilsvarende forøgelse i overfladedefekter på glasgenstanden.This contamination is found on the glass articles, as they are covered by deposits of incomplete combustion of the oil which does not burn in air despite the high temperature at which the blank leaves the mold, which in practice precludes lubrication before each introduction of glass mass. If this lubrication is not performed before each insertion, there is a rapid reduction in contamination, but a corresponding increase in surface defects on the glass article.

Ifølge det amerikanske patentskrift nr.According to U.S. Pat.

4.165.-974 foreslås en løsning, som indbefatter beklædning af den indvendige overflade af formene med et kar-25 bonfluorid, således at der dannes et antiadherent lag på denne overflade. Denne fremgangsmåde nødvendiggør afmontering af hver form, behandling af formen, hvorpå denne underkastes en varmebehandling inden den igen monteres på maskinen. Skønt den nævnte varighed af smørin-30 gen er på flere timer, kræver en sådan fremgangsmåde i praksis, at der permanent er en person til stede ved produktionsmaskinen med den opgave hyppigt at standse maskinen for at afmontere formerne, smøre dem, remontere ' dem osv., hvilket resulterer i uoverkommelige produk-35 tionsomkostninger.4.165.-974, a solution is proposed which includes coating the inner surface of the molds with a carbon fluoride so as to form an anti-adherent layer on that surface. This process necessitates the removal of each mold, treatment of the mold, and then it is subjected to a heat treatment before being re-mounted on the machine. Although the said duration of the lubrication is several hours, such a practice in practice requires that a person be permanently present at the production machine with the task of frequently stopping the machine to remove the molds, lubricate them, remount them, etc. which results in prohibitive production costs.

Det amerikanske patent nr. 4.409.010 beskriver en fremgangsmåde til smøring af forme ved sprøjtning af 3 DK 170466 B1 flydende olie på de indvendige overflader af formene, men den beskrevne fremgangsmåde undgår ikke de ulemper, som er forbundet med anvendelsen af olie til smøringen.U.S. Patent No. 4,409,010 discloses a method for lubricating molds by spraying liquid oil on the inner surfaces of the molds, but the disclosed method does not avoid the disadvantages associated with the use of oil for lubrication.

Der er ligeledes et andet problem forbundet med 5 anvendelse af en af førnævnte fremgangsmåder: når glas beholderne forlader formen uden spor af fedtet forurening, er deres råfladetilstand sædvanligvis ringe, naturligvis afhængig af kvaliteten af overfladen af stålformen. Selv om denne kvalitet overvåges, har beholder-10 ne sædvanligvis, når de forlader produktionslinien, en mat fremtoning af typen "appelsinskal", hvilket er u-tilfredsstillende for kunden. Derfor er der udviklet en fremgangsmåde til polering af overfladen af glasgenstande, som er beskrevet i det europæiske patent nr. 136.934, 15 ved hvilken det er muligt at give disse genstande en skinnene overfladefremtoning. En sådan fremgangsmåde, som især kræves, når der produceres beholdere af høj kvalitet, fx inden for parfume-området, forøger nødvendigvis fabrikationsomkostningerne, og det er ønskeligt, 20 for fabrikanten af glasflasker eller -beholdere, for hvem kravene til overfladekvalitet er mindre strenge, direkte fra formen at opnå en beholder, hvis overfladetilstand er acceptabel for kunden.There is also another problem associated with using one of the aforementioned methods: when the glass containers leave the mold without traces of greasy contamination, their raw surface condition is usually poor, obviously dependent on the quality of the surface of the steel mold. Although this quality is monitored, the containers usually when leaving the production line have a matte appearance of the "orange peel" type, which is unsatisfactory to the customer. Therefore, a method has been developed for polishing the surface of glass objects described in European Patent No. 136,934, 15 in which it is possible to give these objects a shiny surface appearance. Such a method, which is especially required when producing high quality containers, for example in the field of perfume, necessarily increases the cost of manufacture, and it is desirable, for the manufacturer of glass bottles or containers, for which the requirements for surface quality are less stringent; directly from the mold to obtain a container whose surface condition is acceptable to the customer.

Der beskrives ligeledes i det amerikanske patent 25 skrift nr. 4.412.974 en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af kønrøg, ved hvilken en acetylenstråle krakkes i en i luft eller oxygen brændbar flairme, Denne fremgangsmåde har talrige anvendelsesmuligheder; en består i at aflejre et lag kønrøg på væggene af en form, idet dette 30 lag har gode smørende og isolerende egenskaber. En sådan fremgangsmåde er anvendelig inden for glasværksområdet navnlig til isolering overfor termiske og mekaniske chokpåvirkninger fra båndene, der overfører glasgenstanden, som udgår fra formningsmaskinen og fx føres 35 til maskinen, som udfører en overfladepolering med den førnævnte flamme. Man undgår på denne måde skadelige termiske og/eller mekaniske påvirkninger af glasbehol- DK 170466 B1 4 derne, som forlader formene, som følge af de isolerende egenskaber af den frembragte kulafsætning.Also disclosed in U.S. Patent 25, No. 4,412,974, a process for the production of carbon black, in which an acetylene jet is cracked in an air or oxygen combustible flame. This process has numerous applications; one consists of depositing a layer of carbon black on the walls of a mold, this 30 layer having good lubricating and insulating properties. Such a method is applicable in the field of glassworks, in particular for insulation against thermal and mechanical shock effects from the strips transferring the glass article emanating from the forming machine and for example being fed to the machine which performs a surface polishing with the aforementioned flame. In this way, harmful thermal and / or mechanical stresses of the glass containers which leave the molds are avoided due to the insulating properties of the produced coal deposit.

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Det har imidlertid vist sig, at der ved anvendelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge det amerikanske patent-5 skrift 4.412.974 til fremstilling af glasbeholdere blev * opnået resultater, som i det væsentlige svarer til de, som er opnået ved den hidtil beskrevne teknik: Afsætningerne af kulholdigt materiale giver almindeligvis en god smøring, men udviser den ulempe, at formene hurtigt til-10 smudses, og der frembringes fedtede afsætninger på overfladen af glasgenstanden, som det var tilfældet ved anvendelse af olie. Der viste sig imidlertid ingen forbedring af overfladetilstanden af beholderen, som forlader formen, i forhold til fremgangsmåder til indsmøring af 15 aftrykkene fra formen. På den anden side har det vist . sig, som beskrevet i det franske patentskrift nr.* 25.70.364, at anvendelsen af fremgangsmåden ifølge det amerikanske patentskrift nr. 4.412.974 muliggjorde, at de tomme forme blev korrekt indsmurt under den periode, 20 hvor de normalt var åbne, sådan at enhver vedhæftning af glasmassen til væggene af formen undgås.However, it has been found that, using the method of U.S. Patent No. 4,412,974 to the manufacture of glass containers, * results were obtained which are substantially similar to those obtained by the technique described so far: carbonaceous material generally provides good lubrication, but exhibits the disadvantage that molds are quickly soiled and greasy deposits are produced on the surface of the glass article, as was the case with oil. However, there was no improvement in the surface condition of the container leaving the mold as compared to methods for lubricating the prints from the mold. On the other hand, it has shown. say, as described in French Patent No. 25,70,364, that the application of the method of U.S. Patent No. 4,412,974 enabled the blank molds to be properly lubricated during the period when they were normally open, such that any adhesion of the glass to the walls of the mold is avoided.

På en helt uventet måde medfører fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen især, at der ved smøring af formene opnås en kulstofholdig afsætning, som giver en kvalitet -25 af glasoverfladen, som er meget bedre end den der kendes fra de hidtidige fremgangsmåder, og ikke nødvendigvis kræver en overfladebehandling af beholderen, når den forlader formen.In a totally unexpected way, the process according to the invention in particular results in the lubrication of the molds obtaining a carbonaceous deposit which gives a quality -25 of the glass surface which is much better than that known from the previous methods and does not necessarily require a surface treatment of the container as it leaves the mold.

Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendomme-30 lig ved, at der frembringes et smøremiddellag ved hjælp af en varmekilde i form af en flamme med en temperatur over 2000 K, gennem hvilken der indsprøjtes en gasformig kulbrinte eller en blanding af gasformige kulbrinter som indeholder mindst 15% af en bestanddel for hvis vedkom-35 mende forholdet mellem antallet af kulstofatomer og an- 5 DK 170466 B1 tallet af hydrogenatomer, C/H, er større end 0,75, idet flammen er frembragt ved forbrænding af en blanding mellem kulbrinter og oxygen med en oxygenfaktor på over 1, og idet indsprøjtningshastigheden af kulbrinten gennem 5 flammen og temperaturen af denne styres på en sådan måde at der opnås et porøst lag af kulholdige partikler.The process according to the invention is characterized in that a lubricant layer is produced by means of a heat source in the form of a flame having a temperature above 2000 K, through which a gaseous hydrocarbon or a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons containing at least 15% is injected. of a component whose ratio between the number of carbon atoms and the number of hydrogen atoms, C / H, is greater than 0.75, the flame being generated by combustion of a hydrocarbon-oxygen mixture with an oxygen factor greater than 1, and the injection rate of the hydrocarbon through the flame and its temperature are controlled in such a way as to obtain a porous layer of carbonaceous particles.

Anvendelse af en superstøkiometrisk flamme, det vil sige med et overskud af oxygen i forhold til den støkiometriske mængde, muliggør, at der undgås den krak-10 ning af brændstoffet, som er ansvarlig for tilstedeværelsen af fedtede partikler. Desuden muliggør regulering af oxygenfaktoren, dvs. forholdet mellem rumfangsmængden af oxygen i den anvendte flamme og i den støkiometriske flamme ved normale temperatur- og trykbetingel-15 ser, at der indvirkes på temperaturen af flammen, idet denne har en tendens til at aftage, når oxygenfaktoren forøges. Det er derfor i hvert fald nødvendigt at drage · omsorg for, at temperaturen af flammen forbliver højere end 2000 K, fortrinsvis højere end 2500 K. Den opnåede 20 kulstofholdige afsætning er således et porøst lag, som efter sammenpresning af glasmassen i formen er en smule termisk isolerende, hvilket muliggør en ensartet afkøling af overfladen af glasbeholderen ved afkøling af formen, men tilstrækkelig termisk isolerende til at und-25 gå en temperaturgradient i glasset, som kunne frembringe indvendige spændinger i væggene af beholderen, og således gøre den mere skrøbelig. Det er kendt, at kvaliteten af overfladen af beholderen opnået fra formen, influerer på modstandsevnen af beholderen over for tryk.The use of a super-stoichiometric flame, that is, with an excess of oxygen relative to the stoichiometric amount, allows the cracking of the fuel responsible for the presence of greasy particles to be avoided. In addition, regulation of the oxygen factor, i.e. the ratio of the volume of oxygen in the flame used to that of the stoichiometric flame under normal temperature and pressure conditions influences the temperature of the flame as it tends to decrease as the oxygen factor increases. Therefore, it is at least necessary to ensure that the temperature of the flame remains higher than 2000 K, preferably higher than 2500 K. The obtained 20 carbonaceous deposit is thus a porous layer which, after compressing the glass mass in the mold, is slightly thermal insulating, which allows uniform cooling of the surface of the glass container by cooling the mold, but sufficient thermal insulation to avoid a temperature gradient in the glass which could produce internal stresses in the walls of the container and thus make it more fragile. It is known that the quality of the surface of the container obtained from the mold influences the resistance of the container to pressure.

30 Denne parameter er meget vigtig for beholdere, som navnlig indeholder gasholdige drikke. Fremgangsmåden i henhold til opfindelsen muliggør ved forbedring af kvaliteten af overfladen af beholderen, som direkte udgår fra formen, en forøgelse i modstandsevnen ovenfor tryk af 3 5 beholderen på ca. 25% eller mere, hvilket er betragte- 6 DK 170466 B1 ligt. Ved visse anvendelser muliggør dette, at tykkelsen af glasvæggen formindskes ved en given styrke.30 This parameter is very important for containers that contain mainly gas-containing beverages. The method according to the invention, by improving the quality of the surface of the container directly starting from the mold, allows an increase in the resistance to pressure above the container of approx. 25% or more, which is significant 6 DK 170466 B1. In certain applications, this enables the thickness of the glass wall to be reduced at a given strength.

Den opnåede kulho.ldige aflejring har ligeledes » i praksis et meget vigtigt træk, eftersom det har vist 5 sig, at den brænder i luft, når den er afsat på glasrå-emnet: På denne måde har de færdige beholdere ingen spor af forurening, hvilket forøger fabrikationsudbyttet be-trageligt. Endvidere kan formene simpelthen renses ved hjælp af en klud, hvis dette er nødvendigt..The resulting carbon-containing deposit also has "a very important feature" in practice, since it has been found to burn in air when deposited on the glass raw material: in this way the finished containers have no trace of contamination. which increases the fabrication yield considerably. Furthermore, the molds can simply be cleaned using a cloth if needed.

10 Det er en betydelig fordel ved opfindelsen at den tillader anvendelse af formene uden at de underkastes nogen polering eller lakering på deres indvendige overflader, hvilke operationer er meget kostbare. De fremkomne beholdere fra sådanne forme uden polering, og 15 smurt i overensstemmelse med opfindelsen har faktisk en overfladekvalitet, som er bedre end den på beholdere opnået fra polerede eller lakerede forme forsynet med "et smøremiddellag i henhold til hidtil kendt teknik.It is a significant advantage of the invention that it allows the use of the molds without being subjected to any polishing or varnishing on their interior surfaces, which operations are very costly. The resulting containers from such molds without polishing and lubricated in accordance with the invention actually have a surface quality which is better than that on containers obtained from polished or lacquered molds provided with "a lubricant layer according to the prior art.

Ydermere bevirker dette sædvanligvis en forøget 20 levetid af formene.Furthermore, this usually results in an increased life of the molds.

Som en varmekilde i stand til at producere en temperatur større end : 2000 K anvendes der fortrinsvis en oxyacetylenflamme. Dog er enhver varmekilde med en temperatur højere end 2000 K egnet, såsom plasma.As a heat source capable of producing a temperature greater than: 2000 K, an oxyacetylene flame is preferably used. However, any heat source with a temperature higher than 2000 K is suitable, such as plasma.

25 Som følge af den korte indsprøjtningsperiode af kulbrinten, som for acetylenets vedkommende fx ikke overstiger et sekund, afledes der ingen glasdråbe fra formen således at en smøring muliggøres: denne smøring kan udføres mellem udstødningen af råemnet og ihældnin-30 gen af en ny glasdråbe.Due to the short hydrocarbon injection period, which does not exceed, for example, the acetylene, no glass drop is derived from the mold so that a lubrication is possible: this lubrication can be performed between the ejection of the blank and the pouring of a new glass drop.

Kulbrinter som er egnede til produktion af et * pulverformigt kulstofholdigt materiale ved termisk krakning, kan alene eller i blanding udvælges blandt acety- w len, propyn, propadien, benzen, acetylen-ætylenblandin-35 ger, blandinger bestående af propyl, propadien, propy-len og andre C^- eller C4~kulbrinter, såsom butadien, buten og propan. Blandinger indeholdende mindst 15% ace- 7 DK 170466 B1 tylen er egnede til udførelse af opfindelsen; der kan blandt andet nævnes acetylen-ætylenblandinger, navnlig de blandinger, som sælges under handelsesnavnet "Crylen" og indeholder ca. 20 rumfangsi acetylen og ca.Hydrocarbons suitable for the production of a powdered carbonaceous material by thermal cracking may be selected alone or in admixture from acetylene, propyne, propadiene, benzene, acetylene-ethylene mixtures, mixtures of propyl, propadiene, propylene, and other C1 or C4 hydrocarbons such as butadiene, butene and propane. Mixtures containing at least 15% acetylene are suitable for carrying out the invention; Among other things, mention may be made of acetylene-ethylene mixtures, in particular those which are sold under the trade name "Crylen" and contain approx. 20 volumes of acetylene and approx.

5 80 rumfangs! ætylen. De blandinger som kendes under hån- delsesnavnet "Tetrene"® og indeholder propyn, propadien, propylen, butadien, buten, propan med et indhold af 20-25 rumfangs! propyn, 15-20 rumfangs! propadien, 45-60 rumfangs! propylen, 2-5 rumfangs! butadien, 2-5 rumfangs-10 % buten og 5-8 rumfangs! propan, er ligeledes velegnede.5 80 volumes! ethylene. The mixtures known under the operating name "Tetrene" ® and containing propyne, propadiene, propylene, butadiene, butene, propane with a content of 20-25 volumes! propine, 15-20 volumes! propadiene, 45-60 volumes! propylene, 2-5 volumes! butadiene, 2-5 volumes -10% butene and 5-8 volumes! propane is also suitable.

Der anvendes fortrinsvis acetylen, når den til rådighed værende tid til smøring af formen er mindre end ca. 1 sekund. Almindeligvis kan der udføres prøver med forskellige kulbrinter for at bestemme, om den tid, 15 som er til rådighed, er tilstrækkelig til at opnå et lag med gode egenskaber. Når der anvendes kulbrinter af "Crylen"- eller "Tetrene'^-typen, foretrækkes det at have en flamme, hvis temperatur er højere end 2200 K og at sænke indsprøjtningshastigheden i forhold til 20 acetylen. Fagfolk inden for området kan bestemme de optimale betingelser ved simple rutinemålinger.Preferably, acetylene is used when the time available for lubricating the mold is less than approx. 1 second. Generally, tests with different hydrocarbons may be performed to determine if the time available is sufficient to obtain a layer of good properties. When using the "Crylene" or "Tetrene" type hydrocarbons, it is preferred to have a flame whose temperature is higher than 2200 K and to lower the injection rate relative to 20 acetylene. by simple routine measurements.

Det kulholdige materiale, der er opnået på væggene inden neddrypning af glasmassen i formen, er opbygget af kugleformige aggregater med meget lille dia-25 meter mellem 5 og 50 nm, almindeligvis mellem 10 og 25 nm. Disse partikler er synligt uregelmæssigt anbragt og er ikke som nogen kendt struktur af kulmateriale, såsom grafit osv. Undertiden ses makrostrukturer af filamenttypen med længde på 0,5-5 ym, diameter på 0,1-0,5 30 ym, som forekommer på tilfældig måde. Det hele danner en yderst pulveragtig afsætning med en meget stor tilsyneladende porøsitet (før neddrypning af glasmassen) , på 90-98%, fortrinsvis på 95-98%. Tykkelsen af filmen afhænger navnlig af kulbrinte-indsprøjtningens varig-35 hed og der kan fx på en metalisk overflade opnås afsætninger af 1-50 ym tykkelse. Kemisk har de kugleformede partikler alle de egenskaber, som sod har, der er dan- 8 DK 170466 B1 net ved forkulning i gasfasen. De er således dannet af fast kulstof, hvorpå der mere eller mindre er adsorbe-ret forskellige kulbrinter, såsom polyaromatiske kul- * brinter, der eventuelt indeholder heteroatomer -0, H, 5 S. Alt i alt er vægtandelen af kulstof større end 0,99. i I henhold til en variation af opfindelsen er det muligt at smøre ikke de indvendige vægge af formen før neddrypning af glasmassen i denne, men selve glasmassen, før den neddryppes i formen.The carbonaceous material obtained on the walls prior to immersion of the glass mass in the mold is made up of spherical aggregates with very small diameters of 25 meters between 5 and 50 nm, usually between 10 and 25 nm. These particles are visibly irregularly placed and are not like any known carbon material structure, such as graphite, etc. Occasionally, macro-structures of the filament type having a length of 0.5-5 µm, a diameter of 0.1-0.5 random way. It all forms an extremely powdery deposit with a very large apparent porosity (before dropping the glass mass), of 90-98%, preferably 95-98%. In particular, the thickness of the film depends on the duration of the hydrocarbon injection and, for example, on a metallic surface, deposits of 1-50 µm thickness can be obtained. Chemically, the spherical particles have all the properties of soot which are formed by carbonization in the gas phase. Thus, they are formed of solid carbon upon which various hydrocarbons are more or less adsorbed, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, optionally containing heteroatoms -0, H, 5 S. In total, the weight ratio of carbon is greater than 0. 99th According to a variation of the invention, it is possible to lubricate not the interior walls of the mold before dipping the glass mass therein, but the glass mass itself before dipping it into the mold.

10 I henhold til en anden udførelsesform ifølge op findelsen kan den overflade, som skal smøres, være et transportbånd til glasgenstanden, når denne forlader formen og ledes til en ny station på maskinen for der at blive underkastet et nyt fabrikationstrin (genopvarm-15 ning osv.). Da glasgenstanden stadigvæk er varm under denne overførsel (temperaturen sædvanligvis højere end ca. 500°C), opnås der de samme forbedringer som ved form-området, dvs. der er ingen fedtede afsætninger, og der opretholdes en fortrinlig overfladetilstand.According to another embodiment of the invention, the surface to be lubricated may be a conveyor belt for the glass article as it leaves the mold and is led to a new station on the machine to be subjected to a new fabrication step (reheating, etc. .). Since the glass article is still warm during this transfer (the temperature is usually higher than about 500 ° C), the same improvements are achieved as with the molding area, ie. there are no greasy deposits and an excellent surface condition is maintained.

20 Opfindelsen belyses nærmere ved hjælp af de ef terfølgende eksempler.The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Eksempel 1 25 Flammen produceres med en oxygen-naturgasblan- ding, hvis oxygenfaktor er lig med 1,35. Flammen rettes parallelt med akslen af formene, og smøringen udføres, mens formen er lukket, mellem udstødning af det forrige råemne og indføring af en ny glasdråbe. Ventilationen 2Q er standset under smøringen. En impuls af acetylen finder sted for hver n fabrikationsperioder, idet 5 < η ϋ <10; varigheden af hver impuls er på 0,8 sekund, den tilsvarende ydelse er ca. lig med 600 ml med en ind- t sprøjtningshastighed af acetylen i flammen i størrelses-25 ordenen 240 m/sekund.Example 1 The flame is produced with an oxygen-natural gas mixture whose oxygen factor is equal to 1.35. The flame is directed parallel to the shaft of the molds, and the lubrication is carried out while the mold is closed, between ejecting the previous blank and introducing a new drop of glass. Ventilation 2Q is stopped during lubrication. An impulse of acetylene takes place for each n of fabrication periods, with 5 <η ϋ <10; the duration of each pulse is 0.8 seconds; the corresponding output is approx. equal to 600 ml with an internal injection rate of acetylene in the flame in the order of 240 m / second.

Hvert produceret råemne blæses derpå til form af en flaske. De flasker, som er produceret på denne måde, 9 DK 170466 B1 sammenlignes med sådanne, der er opnået ved samme betingelser, men ved anvendelse af grafiteret olie til smøring af aftrykkene af formen i henhold til traditionel teknik.Each produced blank is then blown into the form of a bottle. The bottles produced in this way are compared with those obtained under the same conditions, but using graphitized oil to lubricate the prints of the mold according to conventional techniques.

5 Der konstateres en væsentlig forbedring i kvali teten af overfladen af flasken, hvilket ses af en meget mere skinnene fremtoning af denne, når den forlader formen, og en forøgelse i modstandsevne over for tryk af flasken, som gennemsnitlig er højere end 25% (i en batch 10 på 10 flasker) for de flasker, som er opnået i henhold til fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen.5 A significant improvement in the quality of the surface of the bottle is seen, which is seen by a much shinier appearance of it as it leaves the mold, and an increase in resistance to pressure of the bottle which is on average higher than 25% (in a batch 10 of 10 bottles) for the bottles obtained according to the method of the invention.

Eksempel 2 ^ Der anvendes en oxygen-propanblanding, hvis oxy genfaktor er lig med 1,2. Acetylenimpulsen finder sted for hver n fabrikationsperioder, idet 5 < n < 10; varigheden af hver impuls er 0,75 sekund, den tilsvarende ydelse af lig med ca. 450 ml, indsprøjtningshastighe-2Q den af acetylen er i størrelsesordenen 170 m/s. Smøringen udføres, når formen er åben i overensstemmelse med det franske patentskrift nr. 25.70.364. Ventilation til afkøling af formene er fortrinsvis afbrudt under smøringen.Example 2 An oxygen-propane mixture whose oxy gene factor is equal to 1.2 is used. The acetylene pulse occurs for every n periods of manufacture, with 5 <n <10; the duration of each pulse is 0.75 seconds, the corresponding output equal to approx. 450 ml, the injection rate 2Q of acetylene is on the order of 170 m / s. The lubrication is carried out when the mold is open in accordance with French Patent No. 25,70,364. Ventilation for cooling the molds is preferably interrupted during lubrication.

2^ Der opnås de samme forbedringer som før både med hensyn til kvaliteten af overfladen og modstandsevnen mod tryk.2 ^ The same improvements are achieved as before both in terms of the quality of the surface and the resistance to pressure.

Eksempel 3 3 0Example 3 3 0

Dette eksempel viser den forbedring der opnås, med hensyn til transportbåndet, der er anbragt ved udgangssiden af I.S.-maskinen.This example shows the improvement achieved with respect to the conveyor belt disposed at the output side of the I.S. machine.

Der anvendes en oxygen-naturgasflamme, hvis oxygenfaktor er lig med 1,1. Der frembringes et forhæng af 35 flammer (en flamme for ca. 8 mm), som er regelmæssigt adskilt fra hinanden, vinkelret på transportbåndet (ca.An oxygen-natural gas flame whose oxygen factor is equal to 1.1 is used. A curtain of 35 flames (a flame for about 8 mm), which is regularly spaced apart, is produced perpendicular to the conveyor belt (approx.

DK 170466 Bl 10 170 mm ovenover dette) og så godt som over hele bredden af transportbåndet ved indsprøjtning af acetylen gennem åbninger halvvejs mellem flammerne(ligeledes for hver 8 s mm).DK 170466 Bl 10 170 mm above this) and virtually all over the width of the conveyor belt by injecting acetylene through openings halfway between the flames (also every 8 s mm).

5 Det transportbånd, som skal behandles, måler 120 mm 5 i bredden og gennemløber et helt omløb for hver 40 sekunder. Det er anbragt ved indgangen til genopvarmningsbuen og modtager flaskerne fra et "maskine"-transport--bånd som er anbragt i en vinkel af 90° og kører en smule 10 hurtigere. Dette transportbånd med 2 x 7 m i længden, som har metaliske led, transporterer 12.000 flasker pr. time af typen "Bordeaux-vin". Det smøres fuldstændigt for hver halve time. Til dette anvendes der en konti- 3 nuert strøm på ca. 1 m /time acetylen i 40 sekunder.5 The conveyor belt to be measured measures 120 mm 5 in width and goes through one full cycle every 40 seconds. It is positioned at the entrance to the reheat arc and receives the bottles from a "machine" conveyor - belt which is positioned at an angle of 90 ° and runs slightly 10 faster. This 2 x 7 m long conveyor belt with metallic joints carries 12,000 bottles per unit. hour of the type "Bordeaux wine". It is completely greased every half hour. For this, a continuous flow of approx. 1 m / h acetylene for 40 seconds.

15 Sammenlignet med et transportbånd, som ikke er blevet smurt, konstateres der en væsentlig nedgang^ i antallet af termiske chokpåvirkninger, mikrorevner på halsen af flasken, og en forbedret fremglidning på overfør-selstransportbånden (forbedret opstilling af flaskerne).Compared to a conveyor belt that has not been lubricated, a significant decrease in the number of thermal shock effects, micracking on the neck of the bottle, and an improved slip on the transfer conveyor belt (improved alignment of the bottles) is noted.

20 Der bemærkes ligeledes en forbedring i modstandsevne mod tryk af flaskerne. Desuden er der praktisk talt ingen fedtede afsætninger på overfladen af flasken, hvilket forebygger kassationer i løbet af fabrikationen.20 An improvement in resistance to pressure of the bottles is also noted. Furthermore, there are virtually no greasy deposits on the surface of the bottle, which prevents discards during manufacture.

Opfindelsen kan generelt anvendes til smøring 25 af en hvilken som helst overflade, såsom en form eller et transportbånd og til kontakt med hule eller flade glasgenstande, hvis temperatur stadigvæk er tilstrækkelig høj til at forårsage revner, ridser, deformationer ved de betingelser (især mekaniske betingelser), under 30 hvilke glasgenstanden kommer i kontakt med overfladen.The invention can generally be used for lubricating any surface, such as a mold or conveyor belt, and for contacting hollow or flat glass objects, the temperature of which is still sufficiently high to cause cracks, scratches, deformations under the conditions (especially mechanical conditions). ), below which the glass object comes into contact with the surface.

& 35& 35

Claims

A method of lubricating a surface such as a mold for making glass articles, periodically depositing a layer of lubricant on the surface, said lubricant containing carbonaceous particles produced by cracking a hydrocarbon injected for a given period of time. flame, characterized in that the lubricant layer is produced by means of a heat source in the form of a flame having a temperature above 2000 K, through which a gaseous 10 hydrocarbon or a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons containing at least 15% of an ingredient for the ratio is injected. between the number of carbon atoms and the number of hydrogen atoms, C / Ή, is greater than 0.75, the flame being produced by combustion of a mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygen with an oxygen factor greater than 1, and the injection rate of the hydrocarbon through the flame. and the temperature thereof is controlled in such a way as to obtain a porous layer of carbonaceous pa RTICLES.

Process for lubricating a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the heat source is higher than 2500 K.

Process for lubricating a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen factor of the mixture is between 1.1 and 1.4, preferably between 1.2 and 1.35.

Process for lubricating a mold according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the hydrocarbon or mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons contains at least 15% of a component of 0 O if the ratio between the number of carbon atoms and the number of hydrogen atoms, C / H, is at most 1. DK 170466 B1

Process for lubricating a mold according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the hydrocarbon which is decomposed, alone or in mixture, is selected from acetylene, propyne, propadiene, benzene, acetylene-ethylene mixtures. , mixtures of propyn-propadiene-propylene and other C 1 or C 2 hydrocarbons such as propane, butene and butadiene.

A process for lubricating a mold according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the hydrocarbon mixture is an acetylene-ethylene mixture of about 10%. 20% by volume acetylene and approx. 80% by volume of ethylene, characterized in that the flame temperature is higher than 2200 K, preferably higher than 2500 K.

Method for lubricating a mold according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the amount of hydrocarbon injected during a pulse is between 0.4 and 0.8 l at normal temperature and pressure conditions.

A method of lubricating a mold according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the apparent porosity of the layer of carbon particles before the glass mass is poured into the mold is between about 1 to 5. 90% to 98%, preferably between 95% and 98%.

Method for lubricating a mold according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the porous layer of carbon particles is formed of spherical aggregates having a diameter between 5 and 50 nm and / or macrostructures of a filamentous type. whose length is between 0.5 and 5 µm and whose diameters vary between 0.1 and 0.5 µm. 35