DK169495B1

DK169495B1 - Dipole antenna wall for controllable radiation of short waves

Info

Publication number: DK169495B1
Application number: DK697488A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Manfred Idselis
Original assignee: Thomcast Gmbh Sendeanlagen Fue
Priority date: 1987-12-17
Filing date: 1988-12-15
Publication date: 1994-11-07
Also published as: DK697488D0; EP0320827B1; DK697488A; ATE93093T1; ES2045073T3; EP0320827A2; NO885600D0; NO172876C; NO885600L; DE3883180D1; DE3742799A1; EP0320827A3; NO172876B

Abstract

The invention relates to a dipole curtain antenna for radiating short-waves, in which the dipoles are arranged in columns and rows. Dipole curtain antennas are known. They consist of horizontally polarised dipoles which are arranged in a vertical plane, to be precise in columns and rows. They are used for producing short-wave radio links with the aid of the ionosphere. The requirement exists to supply different destination areas in successive periods of time with one antenna, or to reach the same destination area when the ionosphere is at different heights. This necessitates a change to the vertical polar diagram and, since the number of dipoles determines the type of directivity of the polar diagram, it is intended to create a dipole curtain antenna (e.g. a 4/6) with a high number of dipoles in which it is intended that different operating modes should be possible, e.g. 2/2, 2/4 or 4/4, without the polar diagram having been distorted. It is also intended to be possible to change the polarity of some dipoles. According to the invention, the dipole curtain is constructed of individual dipole modules, each dipole module consisting of two horizontal and/or two vertical dipoles and the vertical interval in each case between adjacent dipoles being less than lambda /2 inside the module and greater than lambda /2 outside the module, and the horizontal interval from dipole centre to dipole centre (centre interval) in each case between adjacent dipoles being equal to lambda /2 inside the module and greater than lambda /2 outside the module, the vertical interval between adjacent dipoles preferably being approximately 0.4 lambda inside the module and approximately 0.6 lambda outside the module, and the centre interval between adjacent dipoles outside the module being 1.2 lambda . A dipole curtain antenna for the radiation of short-waves, in which the dipoles are arranged in columns and rows. <IMAGE>

Description

i DK 169495 B1in DK 169495 B1

Opfindelsen angår en dipol-antennevæg for udstråling af kortbølger, ved hvilken dipolerne er anbragt i søjler og i rækker, som angivet i indledningen til krav 1.The invention relates to a dipole antenna wall for radiating shortwaves, wherein the dipoles are arranged in columns and in rows, as set forth in the preamble of claim 1.

Der kendes sådanne dipol-antennevægge. De består af horison-5 talt polariserede dipoler, der er anbragt i et lodret plan og i søjler og rækker. Ved angivelse af det antal af dipoler, der er anbragt i en række, og af det antal, der er anbragt i en søjle, karakteriseres disse dipol-antennevægge. F.eks. betyder betegnelsen dipol-antennevæg 4/6, at 4 dipoler er anbragt i 10 hver række, og 6 dipoler er anbragt i hver søjle. Den lodrette afstand mellem to dipoler i en søjle og midterafstanden mellem to dipoler i en række, svarer til λ/2 ved centrefrekvensen. Disse dipol-antennevægge anvendes til fremstilling af radioforbindelser via kortbølge ved hjælp af ionosfæren. Kort-15 bølgerne udstråles med en stigningsvinkel mod ionosfæren, reflekteres der og ledes tilbage mod jorden. Afstanden til det forsynede område retter sig efter stigningsvinklen. Ved små stignings vinkl er er afstanden størst. Derudover bestemmer forskellige egenskaber af ionosfæren kvaliteten af radioforbin-20 delsen.Such dipole antenna walls are known. They consist of horizontally-5 polarized dipoles arranged in a vertical plane and in columns and rows. By specifying the number of dipoles placed in a row and the number placed in a column, these dipole antenna walls are characterized. Eg. the term dipole antenna wall 4/6 means that 4 dipoles are placed in 10 each row and 6 dipoles are placed in each column. The vertical distance between two dipoles in one column and the center distance between two dipoles in a row corresponds to λ / 2 at the center frequency. These dipole antenna walls are used for the preparation of short-range radio connections by means of the ionosphere. The short-15 waves are radiated at an angle of inclination to the ionosphere, reflected there and directed back toward the earth. The distance to the supplied area depends on the angle of incline. At small incline angles, the distance is greatest. In addition, various properties of the ionosphere determine the quality of the radio compound.

For det meste ønsker man at forsyne flere forskellige målområder efter hinanden i tid med en og samme antenne. Det kan også være et ønske, at kunne nå det samme målområde ved forskellige højder af ionosfæren. Dette gør en ændring af vertikal dia-25 grammet nødvendig. Antallet af dipoler bestemmer arten af retningsstrålingen. Således opnår man en smallere, dvs. lavere udstrålingsvinkel og dermed større afstande, når man driver flere dipoler i den vertikale retning.For the most part, one wants to supply several different target areas in succession in time with the same antenna. It may also be desirable to be able to reach the same target range at different heights of the ionosphere. This makes a change to the vertical diagram necessary. The number of dipoles determines the nature of the directional radiation. Thus, a narrower one is obtained, ie. lower radiation angle and thus greater distances when driving more dipoles in the vertical direction.

Ved en bestående antenne kan retningsstrålekarakteristikken 30 ændres, ved at f.eks. højere liggende dipoler ind- eller ud-kobles for at ændre på udstrålings vinkl en. På grund af den gensidige påvirkning mellem de forsynede og de udkoblede dipoler, som følge af en gensidig strålingskobling, optræder dog uheldige bivirkninger, f.eks. ændrer de forsynede dipoler DK 169495 Bl 2 kraftigt deres impedans, og de udkoblede dipoler leder en mærkbar overkoblet strøm, begge dele kan medføre betydelige forvrængninger af udstrålingsdiagrammet.In the case of an existing antenna, the directional beam characteristic 30 can be changed by e.g. higher-lying dipoles are switched on or off to change the angle of radiation. However, due to the mutual influence between the supplied and the disconnected dipoles as a result of a mutual radiation coupling, adverse effects occur, e.g. the supplied dipoles DK 169495 B1 greatly change their impedance and the disconnected dipoles lead to a noticeable overcurrent current, both of which can cause considerable distortions of the radiation diagram.

Fra DE-A-2.339.997 og den dertil knyttede tillægsansøgning DE-5 A-2.429.201 kendes en bredbåndet kortbølge-antennevæg, som er mere bredbåndet end de hidtil kendte, og som kan tjene som en kortbølge-antennevæg med stor svingvinkel. Frekvensområdet i forhold til andre kendte antennevægge er udvidet med et radiobånd, således at den strækker sig over 4 kortbølgeradiobånd.From DE-A-2,339,997 and the accompanying supplementary application DE-5 A-2,429.201 a broadband shortwave antenna wall is known which is more broadband than the previously known and which can serve as a shortwave antenna wall with a large pivot angle. The frequency range over other known antenna walls is expanded by a radio band to extend over 4 shortwave radio bands.

10 Hertil kræves kun en antenne, som yderligere er anbragt på en drejestander. Den ønskede bredbåndethed opnås ved at forsyne antennens dipoler via ledninger med bestemt bølgemodstand såvel som deri indføjede ledningstransformatorer til ændring af bølgemodstanden.10 For this purpose only an antenna which is further mounted on a pivot stand is required. The desired bandwidth is achieved by supplying the dipoles of the antenna via wires of particular wave resistance as well as wiring transformers inserted therein to change the wave resistance.

15 På grundlag af den kendte teknik er det formålet med opfindelsen at tilvejebringe en dipol-antennevæg (f.eks. en 4/6) med et højt antal dipoler, ved hvilken de forskellige driftstil-. stande, som f.eks. 2/2, 2/4 eller 4/4, skal være mulige, uden at der må optræde forvrængninger af udstrålingsdiagrammet.In accordance with the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a dipole antenna wall (e.g., a 4/6) with a high number of dipoles at which the various operating modes. stands, such as 2/2, 2/4 or 4/4, must be possible without distortions of the radiation diagram.

20 Dette opnås ifølge opfindelsen ved, at dipol-antennevæggen er sammensat af enkelte dipolmoduler, at hvert dipolmodul er dannet af to over hinanden og to ved siden af hinanden anbragte dipoler, som har en lodret afstand på 0,4 λ0 og en vandret midterafstand på 0,5 λ0, mens den lodrette afstand mellem over 25 hinanden liggende dipoler i forskellige moduler andrager 0,6 λσ, at den vandrette midterafstand mellem ved siden af hinanden liggende dipolmoduler andrager 1,2 λ0, og at dipolmodulerne enkeltvis kan tilkobles en sendeforstærker.This is achieved according to the invention in that the dipole antenna wall is composed of single dipole modules, that each dipole module is formed of two superimposed and two adjacent dipoles having a vertical distance of 0.4 λ0 and a horizontal center distance of 0.5 λ0, while the vertical distance between more than 25 adjacent dipoles in different modules is 0.6 λσ, the horizontal center distance between adjacent dipole modules is 1.2 λ0, and the dipole modules can be connected individually to a transmitting amplifier.

Ifølge et yderligere træk ved opfindelsen sker tilkoblingen af 30 de enkelte moduler til sendeforstærkeren svarende til den ønske udstrålingskarakteristik.According to a further feature of the invention, the connection of the individual modules to the transmitting amplifier takes place according to the desired radiation characteristic.

DK 169495 B1 3DK 169495 B1 3

Ifølge en udførelsesform for opfindelsen består den mindste udstrålende modulenhed kun af et modul, og denne er anbragt lodret symmetrisk i antennevæggen.According to an embodiment of the invention, the smallest radiating module unit consists of only one module, and this is arranged vertically symmetrically in the antenna wall.

I en yderligere udførelsesform ifølge opfindelsen er to ved 5 siden af hinanden liggende og to over hinanden liggende dipoler sat sammen til en modulenhed og danner således en standardmodulenhed med et dipolsystem 2/2.In a further embodiment of the invention, two adjacent dipoles and two superimposed dipoles are assembled into a module unit, thus forming a standard module unit with a dipole system 2/2.

I en fordelagtig videreudvikling af opfindelsen kobles et eller flere dipol-moduler i afhængighed af den ønskede udstrå-10 lingskarakteristik til en sendeforstærker, idet især kun dipolmoduler (DM 11, DM 12, DM 21, DM 22, DM 31, DM 32) for begge de nederste rækker i én eller flere søjler kan være tilkoblet til en sendeforstærker.In an advantageous development of the invention, one or more dipole modules, depending on the desired radiation characteristics, are coupled to a transmitting amplifier, in particular only dipole modules (DM 11, DM 12, DM 21, DM 22, DM 31, DM 32). both of the lower rows in one or more columns may be connected to a transmitting amplifier.

Endelig er det fordelagtigt, at de mindste udstrålende modul-15 enhed er anbragt symmetrisk i den samlede dipolvæg.Finally, it is advantageous that the smallest radiating module unit is symmetrically disposed in the total dipole wall.

Opfindelsen skal i det følgende forklares nærmere under henvisning til figurerne, der viser et skematisk udførelseseksempel for opfindelsen og hvor fig. 1 viser en dipol-antennevæg 6/8, 20 fig. 2 en dipol-antennevæg 4/6, fig. 3 en dipol-antennevæg 4/6, som adskiller sig fra den i fig. 2 viste, og fig. 4 HF-forsyningen til dipol-antennevæggen i fig. 1.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the figures, which show a schematic embodiment of the invention and in which fig. 1 shows a dipole antenna wall 6/8, FIG. 2 is a dipole antenna wall 4/6; FIG. 3 is a dipole antenna wall 4/6 which differs from that of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 The HF supply to the dipole antenna wall of FIG. First

Ved den i fig. 1 viste dipol-antennevæg 6/8 er der anbragt 6 25 dipoler i hver række og 8 dipoler i hver søjle. 4 dipoler udgør tilsammen et dipolmodul DM. Det med punkteret streg markerede dipolmodul DM 11 består af de enkelte dipoler a, b, c og d. I den midterste søjle af dipolvæggen er dipolmodulerne DK 169495 B1 4 DM 11 til DM 14 anbragt, i den højre søjle er dipolmodulerne DM 21 til 24 anbragt, og i den venstre søjle er dipolmodulerne DM 31 til 34 anbragt. Ved de kendte dipolvægge er dipolerne anbragt i den indbyrdes lodrette afstand λ/2 og vandret andra-5 ger centerafstanden mellem to ved siden af hinanden anbragte dipoler ligeledes λ/2. Ved den i fig. 1 viste dipolvæg ifølge opfindelsen er den indbyrdes lodrette afstand a2 indenfor et modul mindre end λ/2 og udenfor, dvs. den indbyrdes afstand a4 mellem to ved siden af hinanden liggende dipoler i forskellige 10 moduler, større end λ/2. I det viste udførelseseksempel er a2 = 0,4 λ og a4 = 0,6 λ.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 dipole antenna wall 6/8, 6 25 dipoles are placed in each row and 8 dipoles in each column. 4 dipoles together constitute a dipole module DM. The dotted dashed dipole module DM 11 consists of the individual dipoles a, b, c and d. The dipole modules DM 31 to 34 are disposed in the left column. At the known dipole walls, the dipoles are spaced apart vertically λ / 2 and horizontally the center distance between two adjacent dipoles is likewise λ / 2. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the vertical distance a2 within a module is less than λ / 2 and outside, i.e. the spacing a4 between two adjacent dipoles in different 10 modules, greater than λ / 2. In the illustrated embodiment, a2 = 0.4 λ and a4 = 0.6 λ.

Centerafstanden, dvs. den vandrette afstand fra midte til midte af to ved siden af hinanden liggende dipoler er ved de kendte dipolvægge altid λ/2, ved arrangementet ifølge fig. 1 15 er centerafstanden mellem to dipoler indenfor et modul ligeledes λ/2, og centerafstanden mellem to ved siden af hinanden liggende dipoler i forskellige moduler er større end λ/2. Ved den i fig. 1 valgte udformning andrager centerafstanden mellem to ved siden af hinanden liggende dipoler fra forskellige mo-20 duler a5 = 0,7 λ. Den indbyrdes afstand mellem to ved siden af hinanden liggende dipoler i forskellige moduler svarer til a3 « 0,2 λ.The center distance, ie. the horizontal distance from the center to the middle of two adjacent dipoles is always λ / 2 at the known dipole walls, in the arrangement according to FIG. 1 15, the center distance between two dipoles within a module is also λ / 2, and the center distance between two adjacent dipoles in different modules is greater than λ / 2. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the center distance between two adjacent dipoles is from different modules a5 = 0.7 λ. The distance between two adjacent dipoles in different modules corresponds to a3 «0.2 λ.

I fig. 2 er vist en dipol-antennevæg 4/6 med fire dipoler i hver række og seks dipoler i hver søjle. Fire ved siden af 25 hinanden liggende dipoler er sat sammen til et dipolmodul DM. Dipolmodulet 11 er specielt indtegnet, og indeholder dipolerne a, b, c og d. I den venstre halvdel af antennevæggen er dipol-modulet DM 11 til DM 13 anbragt, og i den højre antennevæg dipolmodulerne DM 21 til DM 23 anbragt. Dipolmodulet DM 11 er 30 altid indkoblet, og alt efter den ønskede udstrålingskarakteristik indkobles de øvrige dipoler.In FIG. 2 shows a dipole antenna wall 4/6 with four dipoles in each row and six dipoles in each column. Four adjacent 25 dipoles are assembled into a dipole module DM. The dipole module 11 is specially plotted and contains the dipoles a, b, c and d. In the left half of the antenna wall the dipole module DM 11 to DM 13 is placed and in the right antenna wall the dipole modules DM 21 to DM 23 are placed. The dipole module DM 11 is always switched on and depending on the desired radiation characteristics the other dipoles are switched on.

For den lodrette afstand mellem to dipoler indenfor et modul, blev der igen valgt a2 = 0,4 λ, mens der for afstanden mellem over hinanden liggende dipoler uden for modulet gælder a4 =For the vertical distance between two dipoles within a module, a2 = 0.4 λ was again chosen, while for the distance between opposite dipoles outside the module a4 =

Claims

10 This figure also shows a dipole antenna wall 4/6. The dipole module DM 11 is now located in the middle of the antenna wall, above the dipole module DM 11 the modules DM 12 and DM 13 are also arranged, which also consist of four dipoles, and on the left side is a column of modules DM-A, DM- C and DM-E, each of which consists mainly of two superimposed dipoles, thus forming the unit 1/2. A similar arrangement is arranged on the right side of the antenna wall. Here, too, dipole modules are arranged over each other, which also consists of only two dipoles. An embodiment of FIG. 3 is selected when considering only the dipole modules DM 11 through DM 13 and the radiation characteristic of the antenna wall would be distorted by dipole modules located on one side only. FIG. 4 shows the supply of a dipole antenna wall according to FIG. 1, wherein at least 4 dipole modules DM 11 through DM 25 14 are arranged one above the other. All the dipoles in a module are simultaneously supplied with antenna energy from a supply line. The dipole module DM 11 is supplied through line L 11, the dipole module DM 12 is supplied through line L 12, the dipole module DM 13 is supplied through line L 13 and the dipole module DM 14 is supplied through line L 30 14. Patent claims. l. Dipole antenna wall for radiating shortwaves, with dipoles arranged in vertical columns and horizontal rows, with DK 169495 B1 6 a vertical distance between adjacent dipoles of at least 0.4 \ Q and a horizontal center distance between adjacent adjacent dipoles of at least 0.5 XQ, characterized in that the dipole antenna wall is composed of single 5 dipole modules, each dipole module is formed by two superimposed and two adjacent dipoles having a vertical distance of 0, 4 XQ and a horizontal median distance of 0.5 λ0, while the vertical distance between superimposed dipoles in different modules is 0.6 λσ, that the horizontal median distance between adjacent dipole modules is 1.2 λ0, and that the dipole modules can be connected individually to a transmitting amplifier.

Dipole antenna wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the individual modules to the transmitter amplifier 15 takes place according to the desired radiation characteristic.

Dipole antenna wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the smallest radiating module unit consists of only one module and is arranged vertically symmetrically in the antenna wall.

Dipole antenna wall according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that two adjacent dipoles and two superimposed dipoles are composed into one module unit, thus forming a standard module unit with dipole system 2/2.

Dipole antenna wall according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one or more dipole modules, depending on the desired radiation characteristic, are connected to a transmitting amplifier.

Dipole antenna wall according to claim 5, characterized in that only dipole modules (DM 11, DM 12, DM 21, DM 22, DM 31, DM 32) in the two lower rows of one or more columns are connected to a transmitting amplifier. DK 169495 B1 7

Dipole antenna wall according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the smallest radiating module unit is arranged symmetrically in the total dipole wall. 5