DK169147B1

DK169147B1 - Method of loading forest greenery on to pallets, and a pallet system for performing the method

Info

Publication number: DK169147B1
Application number: DK493187A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Claus Thomsen
Original assignee: Claus Thomsen
Priority date: 1987-09-21
Filing date: 1987-09-21
Publication date: 1994-08-29
Also published as: DK493187A; DK493187D0

Description

DK 169147 B1DK 169147 B1

Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til at læsse skovgrønt, såsom pyntegrønt og juletræer på paller, samt et pallesystem til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden. Det er velkendt at anvende paller til transport af varer, idet va-5 rerne stables på paller. Der er typisk tale om stykgods, der kan stables stabilt eller fikseres til pallen ved ombinding med f.eks. metalbånd. Pallesystemer er fordelagtige ved transport, idet de har modulmål og derved er indrettet til at udnytte pladsen optimalt på lastvogne, i 10 containere eller i godsvogne.The invention relates to a method for loading forest greenery, such as ornamental greenery and Christmas trees on pallets, and a pallet system for practicing the method. It is well known to use pallets for transporting goods as the goods are stacked on pallets. These are typically unit loads that can be stably stacked or fixed to the pallet by binding with e.g. metal bands. Pallet systems are advantageous in transport because they have modular dimensions and are thus designed to optimally utilize space on trucks, in 10 containers or in freight wagons.

Der er i takt med den voksende eksport af juletræer og pyntegrønt gjort forsøg på at anvende denne transportteknik inden for skovbrug, hvor det især inden for skovning 15 af juletræer, man har forsøgt at rationalisere transporten fra skoven og videre ud i distributionsnettet. Dette har imidlertid ikke resulterer i noget anvendeligt system, hvilket skyldes, at de normalt forekommende pallesystemer ikke umiddelbart kan overføres til skovbrug, 20 hvor læsningen her foretages direkte i skoven, hvor træerne fældes, og at grantræer og pyntegrønt er fleksible varer, der ikke umiddelbart lader sig stuve stammen, så der opnås en hensigtsmæssig udnyttelse af pladsen.In step with the growing export of Christmas trees and ornamental green, attempts have been made to use this transport technique in forestry, where especially in the forestry 15 of Christmas trees, attempts have been made to rationalize transport from the forest and further out into the distribution network. However, this does not result in any applicable system, which is due to the fact that the normally occurring pallet systems cannot be immediately transferred to forestry, 20 where the reading here is done directly in the forest where the trees are felled, and that fir trees and ornamental vegetables are flexible goods that are not immediately available. The trunk can be stowed so that an appropriate utilization of the space is achieved.

25 Opfindelsen har til formål at angive en fremgangsmåde til at pakke skovgrønt, såsom juletræer, pyntegrønt og lignende på transportpaller, der så kan videresendes i distributionsnettet med hensigtsmæssig udnyttelse af den forhåndenværende plads.The invention has for its object to provide a method of packing forest greens, such as Christmas trees, ornaments and the like on transport pallets, which can then be forwarded in the distribution network with the appropriate utilization of the space available.

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Dette formål opnås som angivet i den kendetegnende del af krav 1, grantræers fleksible egenskaber udnyttes til at opnå, at læsset på den enkelte transportpalle bliver formstabilt.This object is achieved as stated in the characterizing part of claim 1, the flexible properties of fir trees are utilized to achieve that the load on the individual transport pallet becomes stable in shape.

Opfindelsen vedrører desuden et pallesystem bestående af en skovpalle og en transportpalle. Dette pallesystem er 35 DK 169147 B1 2 karakteriseret ved de i krav 2 ' s kendetegnende del angivne træk. Pallesystemet består af to hovedkomponenter.The invention further relates to a pallet system consisting of a forest pallet and a transport pallet. This pallet system is characterized by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 2. The pallet system consists of two main components.

En skovpalle, transporteres rundt i skoven ved hjælp af en almindelig skovbrugs traktor, med en gaffellift. Skov-5 pallen er fremstillet robust og har opretstående støttebjælker eller strøer langs i det mindste to modstående sider. Disse støttebjælker er indrettet til at kunne forbindes med kæder i toppen, hvorved udskridning modvirkes. Skovpallen er indrettet til at beskytte transportpallen 10 ved pålæsning af skovgrønt. Transportpallerne er velegnede til lastvognstransport, da de er fremstillet -af mindre kraftige materialer end skovpallen og dermed lettere. Transportpallerne anbringes enkeltvis i skovpallen, hvorefter juletræer eller skovgrønt pålæsses. Når en forudbe-15 stemt mængde skovgrønt er pålæsset, anvendes skovbrugs-traktorens lift til at komprimere den inden for pallernes opstandere anbragte mængde skovgrønt. Mens gaffelliften stadig hviler på det komprimerede materiale fikseres transportpallens kæder, så transportpallen i sig selv er 20 i stand til at opretholde formen af det komprimerede materiale. Herefter løsnes skovpallens kæder og transportpallen løftes ud og køres bort med traktoren. En ny transportpalle anbringes i skovpallen og proceduren gentages. Transportpallerne køres til et opsamlingssted, 25 hvor de læsses på lastvogne, der sørger for den videre transport frem i distributionsnettet. Pallerne anbringes på lastvognen ved hjælp af traktorens gaffel li ft.. Herved sker der en væsentlig reduktion af såvel tid som arbejdsindsats ved pålæsning og behandling af skovgrønt på last-30 vogne. Samtidig er behandlingen af juletræer yderst skånsom, idet trykket på det enkelte træ reduceres i forhold til kendt teknik, hvor læsningen foretages manuelt, hvilket medfører at enkelte træer betrædes under pålæsningen på lastvognen.A forest pallet, transported around the forest by a conventional forestry tractor, with a fork lift. The Forest-5 pallet is made of robust and has upright support beams or sprinkles along at least two opposite sides. These support beams are designed to be connected to chains at the top, thereby preventing skidding. The forest pallet is arranged to protect the transport pallet 10 by loading forest green. The transport pallets are suitable for truck transport as they are made of less powerful materials than the pallet and thus lighter. The transport pallets are placed individually in the forest pallet, after which Christmas trees or forest green are loaded. When a predetermined amount of forest green is loaded, the forestry tractor lift is used to compress the amount of forest green located within the pallets. While the fork lift is still resting on the compressed material, the transport pallet chains are fixed so that the transport pallet itself is able to maintain the shape of the compressed material. Then the pallet chains are loosened and the transport pallet is lifted out and driven away with the tractor. A new transport pallet is placed in the forest pallet and the procedure is repeated. The transport pallets are driven to a collection point, where they are loaded onto trucks, which provide for further transport to the distribution network. The pallets are placed on the truck with the aid of the tractor's fork. In this way, there is a significant reduction of both time and labor in loading and processing of forest green on trucks. At the same time, the treatment of Christmas trees is extremely gentle, as the pressure on the individual tree is reduced compared to the prior art, where the reading is done manually, which means that individual trees are entered during loading on the truck.

Opfindelsen skal i det følgende forklares nærmere i forbindelse med en foretrukken udførelsesform og under hen- 35 DK 169147 B1 3 visning til tegningen, hvor: fig. 1 viser et gaffelaggregat til en traktor, 5 fig. 2 viser en foretrukken udførelsesfonn for en transportpalle til et pallesystem ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 3 viser en foretrukken udførelsesform for en skovpalle til et pallesystem ifølge opfindelsen, og 10 fig. 4 viser anvendelsen af pallesystemet ifølge opfindelsen.The invention will now be explained in more detail in connection with a preferred embodiment and with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows a fork assembly for a tractor; FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a transport pallet for a pallet system according to the invention; FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a forest pallet for a pallet system according to the invention, and FIG. 4 shows the use of the pallet system according to the invention.

På fig. 1 ses en gaffellift eller et gaffelaggregat til 15 montering på en traktor. Gaffelaggregatet har en kraftig stålramme 10, med en nedre vandret tværbjælke 12 og en øvre vandret tværbjælke 14. To bøjler 20 er fastgjort til den nedre tværbjælke 12, og danner sammen med en tredie bøjle, der fastgøres i en ramme 22, et trepunktsophæng, 20 hvormed gaffelaggregatet monteres på en traktor. Stålrammen 10 er opadtil forlænget i en ramme 33 med gitterstænger 30. Dette gitter forhindrer, at varer på en palle på gaffelaggregatet falder ned bag traktoren. Til undersiden af stålrammen 10 er der fastgjort kraftige gafler 25 16.In FIG. Figure 1 shows a fork lift or fork assembly for mounting on a tractor. The fork assembly has a sturdy steel frame 10, with a lower horizontal crossbeam 12 and an upper horizontal crossbeam 14. Two brackets 20 are attached to the lower crossbeam 12 and together with a third bracket attached to a frame 22, a three-point suspension, 20 by which the fork assembly is mounted on a tractor. The steel frame 10 is extended upwards in a frame 33 with lattice rods 30. This lattice prevents goods on a pallet on the fork assembly from falling behind the tractor. Heavy forks 25 are attached to the underside of the steel frame 10.

En transportpalle er vist i sin helhed i fig. 2 og omfatter en bund 40, der hviler på bjælker 42 af træ. Disse bjælker 42 har en højde, så gaffelaggregatets gafler 16 30 kan føres ind under pallens bund 40. Transportpallen omfatter desuden en stålramme, der fungerer som sidestøtte med anbringelse af skovgrønt i pallen. Denne stålramme består af to med modsatte ender af bunden anbragte tværstivere 49, hvortil er fastgjort lodrette endestivere 48.A transport pallet is shown in its entirety in FIG. 2 and includes a base 40 resting on wooden beams 42. These beams 42 have a height so that the forks 16 of the fork assembly 30 can be inserted under the bottom of the pallet 40. The transport pallet further comprises a steel frame which acts as a side support with the placing of forest green in the pallet. This steel frame consists of two transverse struts 49 with opposite ends of the bottom, to which are mounted vertical end struts 48.

35 Transportpallen omfatter desuden seks opadstående støtte bjælker 44, der er indbyrdes forbundet af to vandrette støttebjælker 48, der desuden er forbundet til de fire DK 169147 B1 4 endestivere 48. De opretstående støttebjælker 44 er desuden forlænget opadtil ved påsvejsning af forlængerbjælker 46, der er forsynet med indhak til optagelse af respektive enderinge 52 på tre kæder 50, der er indrettet 5 til parvis at forbinde forlængerbjælkerne 46 for at fastholde skovgrønt, der pålæsses transportpallen.The transport pallet further comprises six upright support beams 44 which are interconnected by two horizontal support beams 48, which are further connected to the four end supports 48. The upright support beams 44 are further extended upwards by welding extension beams 46 which are provided with notches for accommodating respective end rings 52 on three chains 50 arranged 5 to connect in pairs the extension beams 46 to retain forest green which is loaded onto the transport pallet.

En skovpalle er vist i fig. 3 og omfatter en bund 60 af træ med et antal kraftige tværbjælker 62. Hvis bunden, 10 som vist på fig. 3, er en bræddebund, kan denne hensigtsmæssigt være stabiliseret med et antal tværgående brædder. Hver for af enderne på støttebjælkerne 62 er der fastgjort en opretstående støttebjælke 64. I toppen af hver af disse støttebjælker 64 er der påsvejset en krog 15 72, således at støttebjælkerne 64 kan forbindes parvis ved fastgørelse af kæder 70 mellem støttebjælkerne 64's kroge 72. En glideskinne 80 kan forskydes langs støttebjælken 64. Hver glideskinne 80 har to nedadragende kroge 84.A forest pallet is shown in FIG. 3 and comprises a wooden base 60 having a plurality of strong cross beams 62. If the base, 10 as shown in FIG. 3, is a board floor, it may conveniently be stabilized with a number of transverse boards. An upright support beam 64 is attached to each of the ends of the support beams 62. At the top of each of these support beams 64, a hook 15 72 is welded so that the support beams 64 can be connected in pairs by attaching chains 70 between the hooks 72 of the support beams 64. slide rail 80 may be displaced along support beam 64. Each slide rail 80 has two downwardly extending hooks 84.

20 På fig. 4 ses pallesystemet i funktion, idet en transportpalle er anbragt i skovpallen og læsset med juletræer, hvor læsset i sin helhed er betegnet med henvisnings-tallet 100. Kæderne 70 på skovpallens opretstående støt-25 tebjælker 64 hindrer, at pallernes støttebjælker bøjes ud, når læsses trykkes ned. Når gaffelaggregatet er trykket ned over læsset, kan kæderne 50, der under gaffelaggregatets aktivitet er fastgjort til giideskinnerne 80’s kroge 84, glide ned over forlængerbjælkerne 46’s ind-30 skæringer. Når først dette er sket, kan gaffelaggregatet løftes og kæderne 70 fjernes sammen med glideskinnerne 80, hvorefter transportpallen kan løftes ud af skovpallen og erstattes med en ny transportpalle. De på transportpallen anbragte juletræer vil befinde sig spændt fast 35 mellem pallens bund, sider og kæderne 50. Udformningen af transportpallen sikrer, at pallerne let kan stables på en lastvogn og køres bort.20 In FIG. 4, the pallet system is shown in operation, a transport pallet being placed in the forest pallet and loaded with Christmas trees, the loading being designated in its entirety by the reference numeral 100. The chains 70 on the upright support beams 64 of the forest pallet prevent the pallets of the pallets from bending out when loaded press down. When the fork assembly is depressed over the shaft, the chains 50, which during attachment of the fork assembly are attached to the hooks 84 of the guide rails 80, can slide down the intersections of the extension beams 46. Once this is done, the fork assembly can be lifted and the chains 70 removed along with the slides 80, after which the transport pallet can be lifted out of the forest pallet and replaced with a new transport pallet. The Christmas trees placed on the transport pallet will be clamped 35 between the bottom, sides of the pallet and the chains 50. The design of the transport pallet ensures that the pallets can be easily stacked on a truck and driven away.

DK 169147 B1 5DK 169147 B1 5

Med pallesystemet ifølge opfindelsen, vil det være nemt at optælle antallet af juletræer, idet juletræernes oversavede stammer let kan erkendes ved transportpallens ender og dermed let kan tælles. Opfindelsen er i det fore-5 gående beskrevet i forbindelse med et gaffelløfteaggregat anbragt på en traktor. Dette løfteaggregat skal for at kunne dels løfte transportpallerne dels presse transportpallernes last sammen, være forsynet med dobbeltvirkende cylindre. Gaffelaggregatet kan således både løfte og 10 trykke.With the pallet system according to the invention, it will be easy to count the number of Christmas trees, since the sawn logs of the Christmas trees can be easily recognized at the ends of the transport pallet and thus can be easily counted. The invention has previously been described in connection with a forklift mounted on a tractor. This lifting unit must be equipped with double-acting cylinders in order to be able to lift the transport pallets and to compress the load of the transport pallets together. Thus, the fork assembly can both lift and press.

Orienteringen af transportpallens bjælker 42 er i fig. 2 vist tværgående, men en fagmand vil kunne forstå, at disse bjælker 42 lige såvel kan anbringes i transportpallens 15 længderetning, så at traktoren ikke behøver at løfte transportpallen op over skovpallens opstandere 64.The orientation of the beams 42 of the pallet is shown in FIG. 2, but one skilled in the art will be able to understand that these beams 42 can be equally placed in the longitudinal direction of the transport pallet 15, so that the tractor does not have to lift the transport pallet over the uprights 64 of the pallet.

Det vil kunne forstås, at transportpallens sider kan gøres aftagelige, hvorfor pallebundene 40 kan stables. Dis-20 se kan så transporteres til anvendelsesstedet på en skovpalle.It will be appreciated that the sides of the transport pallet can be made removable, and therefore the pallet bottoms 40 can be stacked. Disks can then be transported to the site of application on a forest pallet.

Skovgrønt, såsom juletræer eller pyntegrønt kan med den overfor omtalte fremgangsmåde komprimeres, så rumfanget 25 reduceres med mellem 30 og 40 %. Materialerne tager ikke skade herved.Forest greenery, such as Christmas trees or ornamental greenery, can be compressed by the method described above, so that the volume 25 is reduced by between 30 and 40%. The materials do not damage this.

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Claims

Method for packing forest green such as Christmas trees, 5 greenery and the like on a transport pallet, characterized in that the transport pallet (Fig. 2) is provided at least on two opposite sides with support means (44, 46), that the transport pallet is loaded with the forest green (100 ), so that its possible main direction extends along a 10-pair side provided with support means (44, 46), that the loaded forest green (100) is compressed by applying a substantially vertical pressure, which is preferably evenly distributed over the entire transport pallet. ground area, that the shape of the compressed forest green is fixed by binding and releasing the pressure in the vertical direction.

Pallet system, preferably for use in forestry to load forest green on a transport pallet, characterized in that it comprises a forest pallet (Fig. 3) and a transport pallet (Fig. 2), that the pallet has a pedestal (60). which are preferably rectangular and having raised support beams (64) therefrom along at least two opposite sides, wherein said support beams (64) are arranged to be loosely interconnected by flexible means (70) to counteract deflection of the supporting beams (64) that the transport pallet has a base (40) corresponding to the pallet (40) with upright supporting beams (44, 46), the base of the transport pallet (40) being arranged to be positioned between the supporting beams of the pallet (64) , whereby the support pallets (44, 46) of the transport pallet are arranged to abut against and supported by the latter's support beams (64), and the transport pallet comprises flexible means (50). to loosely bind forest green in the transport pallet which is compressed at a substantially vertical pressure. DK 169147 B1 7

Pallet system according to claim 2, characterized in that the flexible means (70) of the pallet are chains.

Pallet system according to claim 2, characterized in that the flexible means (50) of the transport pallet (Fig. 2) are chains and are fixed to related pairs of the support pallets (44, 46).

Pallet system according to claim 4, characterized in that the chains can be fixed to sliding means (46) which are displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the supporting pallet beams (44, 46). 15 20 25 30 35