DK167478B1

DK167478B1 - PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HARD SURFACE MANUFACTURING MANUALS AND MANUAL MANUAL FOR MANUAL IN MEN

Info

Publication number: DK167478B1
Application number: DK729288A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Alfons Knapp
Original assignee: Masco Corp
Priority date: 1987-05-12
Filing date: 1988-12-29
Publication date: 1993-11-08
Also published as: IT1210727B; GB2211444B; EP0314757A1; DK729288A; WO1988008762A1; FI96827C; FI96827B; JPH01503769A; DE3890357C2; GB8829103D0; GB2211444A; ES2010542A6; FI890128A0; FI890128L; IT8767407A0; EP0314757A4; DK729288D0

Description

DK 167478 B1DK 167478 B1

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår fremstilling af fluidumsstyreorganer med hård overflade til haner.The present invention relates to the manufacture of hard surface fluid control means for taps.

Der er længe blevet anvendt par af små plader eller skiver af hårdt materiale som styreorganer i haner, hvad enten det er 5 enkelte haner eller blandehaner. Disse par eller små plader af hårdt materiale omfatter en fikseret lille plade, som tillader en eller flere åbninger for væskestrømningen, og en bevægelig lille plade, som berører den fikserede lille plade. Bevægelsen tilvejebringes ved manøvrering. Den bevægelige lille plade har 10 åbninger og/eller passende optrukket periferi, således at den skiftevis blotlægger, delvis lukker eller fuldstændig lukker en eller flere af åbningerne i den fikserede lille plade og derved styrer strømmen af væske gennem hanen. Indtil nu har de små plader været tilvejebragt i form af masser af hårdt, så-15 kaldt keramisk materiale omfattende oxider, silikater eller carbider af forskellige elementer, som kan formes til de krævede udformninger ved sintring af de tilsvarende pulvere og derefter udsættes for en lappeproces på deres arbejdsflader. Disse arbejdsflader kan også udsættes for bestemte behandlin-20 ger. F.eks. kan arbejdsfladerne dækkes med materiale med endnu større hårdhed ved fysisk eller kemisk pådampning af belægninger. Endvidere kan arbejdsfladerne, som er porøse, imprægneres med et smøremiddel.Pairs of small plates or disks of hard material have long been used as control members in taps, whether 5 single taps or mixing taps. These pairs or small sheets of hard material comprise a fixed small plate which allows one or more openings for the fluid flow, and a movable small plate which touches the fixed small plate. The movement is provided by maneuvering. The movable small plate has 10 openings and / or suitably drawn periphery such that it alternately exposes, partially closes, or completely closes one or more of the openings in the fixed small plate, thereby controlling the flow of fluid through the tap. Until now, the small sheets have been provided in the form of masses of hard, so-called ceramic material comprising oxides, silicates or carbides of various elements, which can be formed to the required designs by sintering the corresponding powders and then subjected to a patching process. on their work surfaces. These work surfaces can also be subjected to certain treatments. Eg. For example, the work surfaces can be covered with material of even greater hardness by physically or chemically evaporating coatings. Furthermore, the work surfaces which are porous can be impregnated with a lubricant.

De små plader, som fremstilles på de ovenfor nævnte måder, er 25 imidlertid ikke tilfredsstillende set ud fra visse synspunkter. Især tillader deres fremstilling ved sintring af keramisk pulver en væsentlig procentdel af spild og medfører alvorlige begrænsninger, hvad angår formgivning, som kan tilvejebringes på en økonomisk måde - i praksis så begrænset at kun plane små 30 plader med simpel form kan fremstilles. Det faktum, at det keramiske materiale, der anvendes til at tilvejebringe forseglingen og modstanden mod nedslidning af arbejdsfladerne, udgør hele massen af de små plader, medfører, at selve de små plader ikke er særlig modstandsdygtige over for brud og medfører og-35 så, at der ikke kan tilvejebringes særlig mange forskellige DK 167478 Bl 2 former. Den lave modstand mod brud føles især, når de små plader fremstilles af porøse materialer for at reducere berøringsarealet mellem de samvirkende små plader og derved reducere friktionen imellem disse. Især det faktum, at styreorga-5 nerne med hård overflade til haner kun kan tilvejebringes med fom af små plader, som er plane, må betragtes som en uacceptabel begrænsning. Pra det funktionsmæssige synspunkt har nogle styreorganer endvidere cylindriske, koniske eller kugleformede arbejdsflader, f.eks. nogle af de haner, som kan dreje og 10 glide aksialt eller nogle halvkugleformede distribueringsdele, hvilket kan foretrækkes i mange tilfælde.However, the small plates produced in the above-mentioned ways are not satisfactory from certain points of view. In particular, their preparation by sintering ceramic powder permits a significant percentage of waste and imposes severe constraints on shaping which can be economically provided - in practice so limited that only small flat plates of simple shape can be produced. The fact that the ceramic material used to provide the sealing and resistance to wear of the work surfaces constitutes the entire mass of the small sheets, means that the small sheets themselves are not very resistant to breakage and also cause, that not many different forms of DK 167478 Bl 2 can be provided. The low resistance to breakage is felt especially when the small sheets are made of porous materials to reduce the contact area between the interacting small sheets and thereby reduce the friction between them. In particular, the fact that the hard surface control members for taps can only be provided with small flat sheets, must be considered an unacceptable restriction. Furthermore, from the functional point of view, some control means have cylindrical, tapered or spherical working surfaces, e.g. some of the taps which can rotate and slide axially or some hemispherical distribution parts, which may be preferred in many cases.

Formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse er at tilvejebringe en ny fremgangsmåde, som er teknologisk og økonomisk velegnet til fremstilling af styreorganer med hård overflade til haner 15 og at tilvejebringe en type af forseglingsorgan, som ikke har ulemperne ved de hidtil kendte små plader fremstillet af hårdt materiale. Det foretrækkes også, at man er i stand til at vælge formen af disse styreorganer uden at være bundet af en plan udformning.The object of the present invention is to provide a new method which is technologically and economically suitable for the manufacture of hard surface control members for taps 15 and to provide a type of sealing means which does not have the disadvantages of the previously known small plates made of hard material. . It is also preferred that one is able to select the shape of these controls without being bound by a planar configuration.

20 Dette er ifølge opfindelsen nået ved en fremgangsmåde, som er ejendommelig ved, at kroppen af styreorganet til hanen i hovedsagen fremstilles med den krævede form af aluminium eller dets legeringer, at arbejdsfladen på den fremstillede krop derefter udsættes 25 for anodisk oxidation under sådanne betingelser, at der tilvejebringes et passende tykt lag aluminiumoxid, at laget af aluminumoxid udsættes for en lappeproces, indtil det har en tilstrækkelig finish til at kunne virke som en tætning, 30 og at laget af aluminiumoxid endelig imprægneres med en substans, som er indrettet til at i hovedsagen fylde porerne deraf .According to the invention, this is achieved by a method which is characterized in that the body of the control member for the male is generally manufactured with the required form of aluminum or its alloys, that the working surface of the manufactured body is then subjected to anodic oxidation under such conditions. providing a suitably thick layer of alumina, subjecting the alumina layer to a patching process until it has a sufficient finish to act as a seal, and finally impregnating the alumina layer with a substance adapted to essentially filling the pores thereof.

Det skal bemærkes, at rækkefølgen mellem de sidste to operationer kan ombyttes.It should be noted that the order of the last two operations can be changed.

DK 167478 B1 3DK 167478 B1 3

Som følge af den her beskrevne fremgangsmåde tilvejebringes et styreorgan til haner, som har en krop fremstillet i hovedsagen af aluminium eller dets legeringer og en arbejdsflade, som udgøres af et tyndt lag af aluminiumoxid, som binder kraftigt 5 til metalkroppen. Overfladen bearbejdes, indtil den har opnået et højt finish-niveau og endvidere har denne overflade en porøs struktur og dens porer er aflukket ved hjælp af en imprægnerende substans.As a result of the method described herein, a control member is provided for cocks having a body made essentially of aluminum or its alloys and a work surface which is constituted by a thin layer of alumina which binds strongly to the metal body. The surface is processed until it has reached a high finish level and furthermore, this surface has a porous structure and its pores are closed by an impregnating substance.

Det faktum, at styreorganets krop er fremstillet af aluminium 10 eller dets legeringer, tillader den nemme og økonomiske fremstilling af enhver ønsket form ved hjælp af almindelige metal-lurgiske og mekaniske procesmidler og sikrer, at styreorganet har en høj mekanisk mods tands s tyrke mod skader og brud. Laget af aluminiumoxid fremstillet ved hjælp af anodisk oxidation 15 binder som beskrevet meget stærkt til metalkroppen og medfører ikke noget separeringsproblem. Aluminiumoxiden fremstillet på denne måde har en forøget grovhed, som er i stand til at nå den samme hårdhed som carborundum har, og er især velegnet til dannelse af en hård arbejdsflade på styreorganet. Aluminium-20 oxiden fremstillet på denne måde har endvidere en væsentlig porøs struktur med porer, der i hovedsagen strækker sig vinkelret på overfladen, og er derfor indrettet til at fremvise et berøringsareal, som er reduceret i sammenligning med andre styreorganer. Den imprægnerende substans, hvormed laget af 25 aluminiumoxid imprægneres, sikrer endvidere en tilstrækkelig forsegling af de små plader til trods for dannelsen af kalkagtige aflejringer i porerne.The fact that the body of the control member is made of aluminum 10 or its alloys allows the easy and economical manufacture of any desired shape by ordinary metallurgical and mechanical process means and ensures that the control means has a high mechanical resistance against damage. and bride. The alumina layer made by anodic oxidation 15 binds very strongly to the metal body as described and does not cause any separation problem. The alumina produced in this way has an increased roughness which is capable of reaching the same hardness as the carborundum, and is particularly suitable for forming a hard working surface on the guide. Furthermore, the aluminum oxide produced in this way has a substantially porous structure with pores extending generally perpendicular to the surface and is therefore adapted to exhibit a touch area which is reduced in comparison with other control means. Furthermore, the impregnating substance with which the layer of alumina is impregnated ensures a sufficient sealing of the small plates, despite the formation of calcareous deposits in the pores.

Der findes diverse matallurgiske processer, som kan anvendes ved fremstilling af de små pladers krop. Nogle, som kan cite-30 res, er: forskydning, presning, udstansning, som starter med en plade for at fremstille dele med form af en lille plade, såvel som trykstøbning og præcisionsstøbning, der især er indrettet til fremstilling af dele, som har mere komplekse former. For at tilvejebringe hule styreorganer, såsom kæber, 35 omsluttende organer eller lejeholdere, kan der også anvendes DK 167478 B1 4 processer med boring, rømning og kalibrering ved plastisk deformation. Ved udførelse af den foreliggende opfindelse er disse diverse processer nemmere at udføre på grund af den excellente bearbejdning af aluminium eller dets legeringer.There are various matallurgical processes that can be used in the preparation of the body of the small plates. Some that can be cited are: shear, pressing, punching, starting with a plate to produce parts in the form of a small plate, as well as pressure casting and precision casting, especially designed for manufacturing parts having more complex forms. In order to provide hollow guides, such as jaws, 35 enclosing members or bearing holders, processes of drilling, escaping and calibrating in plastic deformation may also be used. In carrying out the present invention, these various processes are easier to perform due to the excellent machining of aluminum or its alloys.

5 Enhver af disse processer kan på passende måde vælges afhængigt af den ønskede udformning af styreorganet og størrelsen af den påtænkte produktion for at sikre både opnåelsen af de bedste tekniske resultater, såvel som af lave produktionsudgifter. I de tilfælde, hvor den valgte fremstillingsproces 10 ikke sikrer opnåelsen af en arbejdsflade, som er tilstrækkelig nøjagtig, glat og jævn, før der fortsættes med den anodiske oxidationsproces, kan denne overflade på den fremstillede metalliske krop bearbejdes mekanisk, indtil der opnås en tilstrækkelig grad af finish.Any of these processes can be suitably selected depending on the desired design of the control member and the size of the intended production to ensure both the best technical results as well as low production costs. In cases where the selected manufacturing process 10 does not ensure the achievement of a work surface which is sufficiently accurate, smooth and even before proceeding with the anodic oxidation process, this surface of the manufactured metallic body can be machined mechanically until a sufficient degree is achieved. of finish.

15 Hvad angår materialer til fremstilling af kroppen, aluminium -rent eller en legering af aluminium med kobber, silicium, magnesium, mangan, titan eller andre materialer - kan anvendes, og valget afhænger af de valgte processer til fremstilling, og kravene, der stilles til modstandsdygtighed over for korro-20 sion.15 As regards materials for the manufacture of the body, aluminum - pure or an alloy of aluminum with copper, silicon, magnesium, manganese, titanium or other materials - may be used, and the choice depends on the processes of manufacture selected and the requirements made corrosion resistance.

Den anodiske oxidation af arbejdsfladen kan udføres ved elek-trolytisk behandling i et syre- eller alkalisk bad med en af de talrige processer, der kendes til opnåelse af et sådant mål. F.eks. kan der anvendes et bad med svovlsyre og et ind-25 hold på 15% eller et bad af organiske syrer med tilførte salte af ti- tan, thorium, zirconium med en elektrisk strøm, der har en intensitet for at tilvejebringe en potentialeforskel på mellem 12 og 22 volt. Med det mål at opnå et beskyttende lag på aluminiumet, er den normale behandling at afbryde den ano-30 diske behandling ved opnåelse af et lag af aluminiumoxid, som er få hundrededele millimeter tykt. Ved den forudsete anvendelse af opfindelsen kan et aluminiumoxidlag med denne begrænsede tykkelse kun tilvejebringes, hvis den forudgående arbejdsflade på den metalliske krop er tilstrækkelig præcis, 35 glat og jævn, således at lappeprocessen kan begrænses til DK 167478 B1 5 fjernelse af et meget tyndt lag af aluminiumoxidbelægningen. Hvis den metalliske krop til at starte med ikke har en tilstrækkelig finish, må den anodiske behandling fortsættes, indtil der dannes et tykkere lag af aluminiumoxid, f.eks. indtil 5 det når få tiendedele af en millimeter. Dette tillader efterfølgende behandling ved lapning ved fjernelse af et relativt tykt lag af aluminiumoxid.The anodic oxidation of the work surface can be accomplished by electrolytic treatment in an acid or alkaline bath with one of the numerous processes known to achieve such a target. Eg. For example, a bath of sulfuric acid and a content of 15% may be used or a bath of organic acids with added salts of titanium, thorium, zirconium with an electric current having an intensity to provide a potential difference of 12 and 22 volts. With the goal of obtaining a protective layer on the aluminum, the normal treatment is to discontinue the anodic treatment by obtaining a layer of alumina which is several hundred millimeters thick. In the envisaged application of the invention, an alumina layer of this limited thickness can only be provided if the prior work surface of the metallic body is sufficiently precise, smooth and even, so that the patching process can be limited to removing a very thin layer of aluminiumoxidbelægningen. If, initially, the metallic body does not have a sufficient finish, the anodic treatment must be continued until a thicker layer of alumina is formed, e.g. until 5 it reaches few tenths of a millimeter. This allows subsequent treatment by patching by removing a relatively thick layer of alumina.

Som bemærket, nødvendiggør teknikken med anodisk oxidation de nødvendige midler til at regulere tykkelsen af det fremstille-10 de aluminiumoxid og at regulere porøsiteten - hvad enten man ønsker at regulere de absolutte dimensioner af disse porer eller at regulere procentdelen af overfladen, der udgøres af selve porerne - ved på passende måde at vælge sammensætningen af badet, dets temperatur, intensiteten af den elektriske 15 strøm og længden af behandlingstiden. Den velegnede belægning, som anses for at være den mest foretrukne til laget af aluminiumoxid, kan derfor tilvejebringes ved at regulere de kendte behandlingsparametre, således at de bedste resultater kan opnås . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16As noted, the anodic oxidation technique necessitates the means necessary to control the thickness of the alumina produced and to regulate the porosity - whether to control the absolute dimensions of these pores or to control the percentage of the surface constituted by the the pores - by appropriately selecting the composition of the bath, its temperature, the intensity of the electrical current, and the length of the treatment time. Therefore, the suitable coating which is considered to be the most preferred for the alumina layer can be provided by adjusting the known treatment parameters so that the best results can be obtained. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Lappeprocessen adskiller sig ikke fra den, der anvendes på de 2 små plader af keramisk materiale, når styreorganerne har form 3 af små plader med plane overflader. Den har en analog karakter 4 i forhold til processen, der anvendes på krystallinser, når 5 arbejdsfladerne har cylindrisk, konisk eller kugleformet kon- 6 veks form. Den svarer også til processen, der anvendes på hy 7 drauliske cylindre eller på forbrændingsmotorer, når arbejds- 8 fladerne har en konkav form. Der er ikke nogen særlige proble 9 mer i forbindelse med fremstillingen af aluminiumoxid tilveje 10 bragt ved anodisk oxidation. En sådan proces kan udføres iføl- 11 ge de procedurer, som er velkendt teknik. Som allerede nævnt 12 kan lappeprocessen begrænses til fjernelse af et meget tyndt 13 lag af aluminiumoxid i tilfælde, hvor arbejdsfladen efter 14 processen med anodisk oxidation allerede er tilstrækkeligt 15 præcis, glat og jævn. Sådanne operationer må udføres dybere, 16 når der er korrektioner, som må udføres på grund af defekter i DK 167478 B1 6 parterne eller i planheden eller når den resulterende overflade fra den anodiske oxidation er væsentlig ujævn.The patching process does not differ from that used on the 2 small plates of ceramic material, when the controls are in the form 3 of small plates with flat surfaces. It has an analogous character 4 relative to the process used on crystalline lenses when the work surfaces are of cylindrical, tapered or spherical convex shape. It is also similar to the process used on hy 7 draulic cylinders or on internal combustion engines when the work surfaces have a concave shape. There are no particular problems associated with the production of alumina 10 by anodic oxidation. Such a process can be carried out according to procedures well known in the art. As already mentioned 12, the patching process can be limited to removing a very thin 13 layer of alumina in cases where the working surface after the 14 anodic oxidation process is already sufficiently precise, smooth and even. Such operations must be performed more deeply, 16 when there are corrections to be made due to defects in the parts or in the flatness or when the resulting surface from the anodic oxidation is substantially uneven.

Imprægneringen med en imprægnerende substans for at fylde porerummene, som naturligt eksisterer i aluminiumoxidbelægnin-5 gens struktur, kan tilvejebringes ved anvendelse af en af de mange velkendte imprægneringsprocesser. Ved disse processer nedsænkes parterne, som skal imprægneres, i et bad med imprægnerende substans - reduceret til en tilstrækkelig flydende tilstand, og hvis nødvendigt ved opvarmning, opløsning eller 10 fortynding under vakuum eller under tilstrækkelig hævet tryk -for at sikre penetreringen af imprægneringssubstansen ind i laget af aluminiumoxidsporer. Imprægneringssubstansen kan også påføres ved kemisk reaktion eller fysisk pålægning direkte i aluminiumoxidlagets porer. Disse processer er særligt forde-15 lagtige, når man ønsker at anvende en fast substans som imprægneringsmaterialet .The impregnation with an impregnating substance to fill the pore spaces which naturally exist in the structure of the alumina coating can be provided using one of the many well-known impregnation processes. In these processes, the parties to be impregnated are immersed in a bath of impregnating substance - reduced to a sufficient liquid state, and if necessary by heating, dissolving or diluting under vacuum or under sufficiently elevated pressure - to ensure penetration of the impregnating substance. made of alumina spores. The impregnating substance can also be applied by chemical reaction or physical application directly into the pores of the alumina layer. These processes are particularly advantageous when one wishes to use a solid as the impregnating material.

Hvad angår valget af imprægneringssubstans skal det siges, at der er mange muligheder, fordi det ikke kræves, at denne substans har en bestemt karakteristik. Dens funktion med at ud-20 fylde porerne i aluminiumoxidlaget er vigtig for at på den ene side at sikre den hydrauliske forsegling af styreorganet, som kan indeholde en for stor porøsitet og først og fremmest for at forhindre kalkaflejringer på indersiden af porøsiteterne som følge af vandet, som løber gennem vandhanen. Ved frem-25 gangsmåden tages med i betragtning, at den progressive forøgelse af friktionskoefficienten for styreorganerne i hanerne principielt afhænger af dannelsen af kalkaflejringer i deres porer, hvilket for tidligt vil medføre ujævnheder på arbejds-fladen. For først og fremmest effektivt at forhindre dannelsen 30 af aflejringer som disse, er det nødvendigt at imprægnerings-substansen optager det meste af porerne, er godt forankret i porerne og ikke er i stand til at udslippe fra disse med ti den. På den anden side må imprægneringssubstansen heller ikke medføre en forøgelse af friktionskoefficienten. Naturligvis er 35 det ikke dårligt, hvis imprægneringssubstansen har nogle smø- DK 167478 B1 7 rende egenskaber, men det er ikke specielt krævet, fordi sådanne egenskaber ikke anvendes, idet denne substans må gå ind i porerne og forblive der uden at være i stand til at bevæge sig mellem de samvirkende overflader af styreorganerne for at 5 reducere friktionskoefficienten. Endelig må imprægneringen være fysisk og kemisk resistent over for berøring med vand inklusive det varme vand, som kan løbe fra hanen. Med tanke på at de forudnævnte krav må imødekommes, skal det forstås, at imprægnerings substansen kan vælges fra et stort antal af mate-10 rialer. Derfor kan man vælge syntetiske harpikser fra praktisk taget alle de kendte grupper af vokser, hydrocarboner, halogenerede hydrocarboner, siliconer og også væsker, semi-væsker eller faste substanser f.eks. grafit, molybdensulfid, amorft eller krystallinsk silicone.With regard to the choice of impregnating substance, it has to be said that there are many possibilities because this substance is not required to have a specific characteristic. Its function of filling the pores in the alumina layer is important to ensure, on the one hand, the hydraulic sealing of the control member, which may contain excessive porosity and, first of all, to prevent lime deposits on the inside of the porosities due to the water. , which runs through the tap. In the process, it is taken into account that the progressive increase of the coefficient of friction of the control means in the males depends in principle on the formation of lime deposits in their pores, which will cause premature irregularities on the working surface. First of all, to effectively prevent the formation of deposits such as these, it is necessary that the impregnation substance occupies most of the pores, is well anchored in the pores, and is unable to escape from them with it. On the other hand, the impregnating substance must also not cause an increase in the coefficient of friction. Of course, it is not bad if the impregnating substance has some smothering properties, but it is not particularly required because such properties are not used as this substance must enter the pores and remain there without being able to to move between the interacting surfaces of the control means to reduce the coefficient of friction. Finally, the impregnation must be physically and chemically resistant to contact with water including the hot water which can run from the tap. Considering that the aforementioned requirements must be met, it should be understood that the impregnating substance may be selected from a large number of materials. Therefore, synthetic resins can be selected from virtually all of the known groups of waxes, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, silicones and also liquids, semi-liquids or solids, e.g. graphite, molybdenum sulfide, amorphous or crystalline silicone.

15 I det tilfælde, hvor tilstedeværelsen af imprægneringssubstansen virker fordelagtigt eller i det mindste ikke er forstyrrende for lappeprocessen, eller i de tilfælde, hvor denne sidste proces udføres på en sådan måde, at lappeprocessen ikke forstyrres af tilstedeværelsen af imprægneringssubstansen, kan 20 imprægneringen også udføres efter den anodiske oxidationsbe-handlig og før lappeprocessen eller omvendt. I det tilfælde, hvor imprægneringssubstansen er på fast form og tilvejebringes direkte i porerne ved en kemisk reaktion eller en fysisk belægning, bliver det særligt fordelagtigt først at fortsætte 25 med imprægneringsprocessen og derefter med lappeprocessen. På denne måde tilvejebringer lappeprocessen en i hovedsagen uforstyrret overflade, som delvis udgøres af aluminiumoxid og delvis af imprægneringssubstansen, som fylder porerne i aluminiumoxiden .In the case where the presence of the impregnating substance is advantageous or at least not disturbing the patching process, or in cases where this last process is carried out in such a way that the patching process is not disturbed by the presence of the impregnating substance, the impregnation can also be carried out. after the anodic oxidation treatment and before the patching process or vice versa. In the case where the impregnating substance is in solid form and is provided directly into the pores by a chemical reaction or physical coating, it becomes particularly advantageous to proceed first with the impregnation process and then with the patching process. In this way, the patching process provides a substantially undisturbed surface which is partly made up of alumina and partly of the impregnating substance which fills the pores of the alumina.

30 Som følge af anvendelsen af konceptet ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse kan fordelene ved anvendelse af styreorganer med hård overflade forøges. Udover at blive anvendt i haner, som styreorganer for de små plader, kan organerne også anvendes i haner som andre typer af styreorganer. F.eks. kan de anvendes 35 som styreorganer for haner, som drejer eller glider eller som DK 167478 B1 8 kan udføre begge sådanne bevægelser i samvirkning med lejeholdere, beklædninger eller kæber. Endvidere kan de anvendes som distribueringsorganer i form af kugleformede hætter, der samvirker med et kugleformet konkavt sæde. I hvert tilfælde kan 5 processen anvendes afhængigt af omstændighederne til begge de samvirkende kontrolorganer eller kun til en af dem. Med andre ord kan et kontrolorgan, som har alle karakteristika ifølge opfindelsen, samvirke med et andet kontrolorgan, som også har alle karakteristika ifølge opfindelsen, eller det kan samvirke 10 med et andet kontrolorgan med en traditionel struktur, eller med et, som kun har en del af karakteristikaene ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse, såsom et organ, der har en krop af aluminium eller dets legeringer og en arbejdsflade, som har undergået en anodisk oxideringsproces og en lappeproces, men som 15 ikke er imprægneret med en imprægneringssubstans.Due to the application of the concept of the present invention, the advantages of using hard surface control means may be increased. In addition to being used in cocks as control means for the small plates, the means can also be used in cocks as other types of control means. Eg. For example, they can be used as control means for taps turning or sliding or as DK 167478 B1 8 can perform both such movements in cooperation with bearing racks, sheaths or jaws. Furthermore, they can be used as distribution means in the form of spherical caps which cooperate with a spherical concave seat. In each case, the process can be used depending on the circumstances of both the cooperating control organs or only one of them. In other words, a control means having all characteristics of the invention may cooperate with another control means which also have all characteristics of the invention, or it may cooperate with another control means having a traditional structure, or with one having only one some of the features of the present invention, such as a body having an aluminum body or its alloys and a work surface which has undergone an anodic oxidation process and a patch process but which is not impregnated with an impregnating substance.

Hvad angår styreorganer med forskellig form til små plader giver anvendelsen af opfindelsens idé styreorganerne mekanisk modstand mod brud, excellente forseglingskarakteristika, samt lille væskestrømningsmodstand og eftergivelighed for lang an-20 vendelse. Muligheden for at frit kunne udforme styreorganerne er favorabel ved udformningen af hele hanen.In the case of control panels of various shapes for small plates, the application of the idea of the invention provides the control means with mechanical resistance to breakage, excellent sealing characteristics, as well as low liquid flow resistance and long-term compliance. The ability to freely design the control means is favorable in the design of the entire male.

Opfindelsen angår ikke kun fremgangsmåden, men også styreorganerne med en karakteristik udformning, som er et resultat fra den beskrevne fremgangsmåde i forbindelse med haner, som har 25 brug af styreorganer, der har alle eller nogen af de angivne karakteristika.The invention relates not only to the method, but also to the control means having a characteristic configuration resulting from the described method in connection with cocks having use of control means having all or any of the specified characteristics.

Den foregående detaljerede beskrivelse er ment til at fremme forståelsen og ingen unødvendige begrænsninger skal kunne uddrages derfra, idet der kan udføres mange ændringer uden at 30 man derved afviger fra opfindelsens idé.The foregoing detailed description is intended to promote understanding and no unnecessary limitations can be drawn therefrom, since many changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

A method of producing fluid surface hard control members for taps, characterized by the steps of forming the main body of the control member for the male of an aluminum-based metal, coating the main body by anodic oxidation with a layer of alumina, patching the layer of alumina to form of a finished finish surface adapted to act as a seal and impregnation of the pores in the alumina layer with a filler material.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body is formed by a metallurgical process selected from the group comprising shear, pressing, punching, casting, drilling, escaping and calibration by plastic deformation.

Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating is anodically oxidized by electrolytic treatment in a bath having a predetermined acid content under control of the composition of the bath, the temperature of the bath, the electric current passing through the bath, and the length of the bath. 20 that of the electrolytic treatment to form the layer of alumina.

Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the patching process removes a part of the layer of alumina in connection with the level of precision, flatness and roughness of the alumina layer resulting from the anodic oxidation.

Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the impregnation operation is performed by immersing the control member in an impregnating fluid. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the impregnation process is carried out by physically applying an impregnating substance directly into the pores of the alumina layer. DK 167478 Bl

Process according to claim 4, characterized in that the impregnation process is carried out by chemically applying an impregnating substance directly into the pores of the alumina layer.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body undergoes a patching process to form a surface with a finish before the main body is coated by anodic oxidation.

A method of producing a hard surface fluid control member for taps, characterized by the steps of forming the main body of the control member for the male of an aluminum-based metal, coating the main body by anodic oxidation with a layer of alumina, impregnating the pores of the alumina layer with a filling material, and patching the aluminum oxide layer to form a finished finish surface 15 adapted to act as a seal.

Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the main body is formed by a metallurgical process selected from the group comprising shear, pressing, punching, casting, drilling, escaping and calibrating by plastic deformation.

Process according to claim 9, characterized in that the coating is carried out by anodic oxidation by electrolytic treatment in a bath having a predetermined acid content under control of the composition of the bath, the temperature of the bath, the electric current passing through the bath, and the duration of the electrolytic treatment to form the alumina layer.

Process according to claim 11, characterized in that the patch operation removes a part of the layer of alumina according to the precision level, flatness and roughness of the alumina layer resulting from the anodic oxidation.

Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the impregnation process is carried out by immersing the control member in an impregnating fluid.

Process according to claim 12, characterized in that the impregnation is carried out by physically applying an impregnating substance directly in the pores of the alumina layer.

Process according to claim 12, characterized in that the impregnation process is carried out by chemically applying an impregnating substance directly into the pores of the alumina layer.

Controller for use in taps for controlling fluid flow in the tap, characterized in that the control means comprises a main body formed of an aluminum-based metal, an alumina coating layer applied to the main body, said alumina layer having a smooth finish and a plurality of pores, and an impregnating substance impregnated in the pores of the alumina layer.

Control means according to claim 16, characterized in that the alumina layer is applied to the main body by anodic oxidation.

Controller according to claim 17, characterized in that the impregnating substance is selected from the group containing a synthetic resin, graphite, molybdenum sulfide and silicone. 1