DK166794B1

DK166794B1 - Apparatus for sorting items according to transverse measurement or thickness, especially flexibly resilient items such as fish

Info

Publication number: DK166794B1
Application number: DK8491A
Authority: DK
Inventors: Immanuel Rasmussen
Original assignee: Esbjerg Iras Maskinfab
Priority date: 1991-01-18
Filing date: 1991-01-18
Publication date: 1993-07-19
Also published as: DK8491A; DK166794C; DK8491D0

Description

i DK 166794 B1in DK 166794 B1

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et apparat til sortering af emner efter tværmålstørrelse eller tykkelse, fortrinsvis elastisk eftergivelige emner, såsom fisk, hvilket apparat omfatter to ved siden af hinanden i indbyrdes afstand 5 anbragte, ens eller modsat rotérbare valser med i hovedsagen glatte, ydre omdrejningsflader, hvis indbyrdes afstand i det mindste sektionsvis kontinuerligt vokser i mindst én af valsernes to modsatte længderetninger, og hvor i det mindste den ene valse på overfladen er forsynet med et fremdriv-10 ningsmiddel af skruelinieform til fremføring af emnerne i retning mod nævnte større indbyrdes afstand mellem valserne, hvilken skruelinieforms skruelinie har konstant eller variabel stigning i valsens længderetning.The present invention relates to an apparatus for sorting objects by cross-dimensional size or thickness, preferably resiliently resilient items, such as fish, which apparatus comprises two spaced apart, uniformly or oppositely rotatable rollers having generally smooth, outer rotating surfaces, the spacing of which at least sectionally continuously grows in at least one of the two opposite longitudinal directions of the rollers, and wherein at least one roller on the surface is provided with a helical propulsion means for advancing the blanks towards said larger spacing between the rollers, which helix screw line has a constant or variable increase in the longitudinal direction of the roll.

Et sådant apparat til sortering af fisk kendes fra 15 norsk patentskrift nr. 57.294 med koniske valser, der som fremdrivningsmiddel har en skruelinieformet vulst på valsernes overflader. Den væsentligste ulempe ved dette kendte apparat er, at et emne, som er anbragt til sortering efter tværmålstørrelse på valserne, undertiden placerer sig mellem 20 en sådan fremdrivningsvulst og den modsatte valses overflade, hvorved der dels er risiko for sorteringsfejl, idet emnet bliver sorteret til en emnestørrelse, som er væsentligt større end det pågældende emnes virkelige størrelse, og dels for ødelæggelse af emnet, når det udsættes for vulstens 25 trykkraft.Such an apparatus for sorting fish is known from Norwegian patent specification No. 57,294 with tapered rollers, which as a propellant has a helical bead on the surfaces of the rollers. The main disadvantage of this known apparatus is that a blank arranged for sorting by cross-sectional size of the rollers sometimes places between such a propulsion bead and the surface of the opposite roll, whereby there is a risk of sorting errors as the blank is sorted to a workpiece size which is substantially larger than the actual size of the workpiece in question, and partly for destruction of the workpiece when exposed to the compressive force of the bead.

Det er opfindelsens formål at tilvejebringe et apparat af den indledningsvis angivne art uden risiko for sorteringsfejl eller emnebeskadigelse.It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus of the kind initially specified without the risk of sorting errors or damage to the workpiece.

Dette opnås ved et apparat ifølge opfindelsen, som 30 er ejendommeligt ved, at fremdrivningsmidlet er mindst en i valsens overflade udformet fordybning, der følger en skruelinieform, hvis stigning P i valsens længderetning er beliggende i området 0,25 d < P < D, fortrinsvis 0,86 d, og har en bredde W beliggende i området W < 0,2 P, fortrinsvis 2 mm, 35 hvor d og D er valsens mindste henholdsvis største diameter. Derved opnås, at apparatet kan anvendes, ikke blot til tværmålstørrelsessortering af relativt hårde emner, der vil DK 166794 B1 2 blive fremdrevet langs valserne af den skruelinieformede fordybning, men især, at apparatet kan anvendes til sortering af elastisk eftergivelige emner, såsom kautsj ukemner, elastiske termoplastiske emner og fisk med ingen eller 5 væsentligt nedsat risiko for fejlsortering eller emnebeskadigelse til følge.This is achieved by an apparatus according to the invention, characterized in that the propellant is at least one recess formed in the surface of the roller, which follows a helical shape whose pitch P in the longitudinal direction of the roller is in the range 0.25 d <P <D, preferably 0.86 d, and has a width W located in the range W <0.2 P, preferably 2 mm, where d and D are the smallest and largest diameter of the roller, respectively. This provides that the apparatus can be used not only for cross-dimensional sorting of relatively hard workpieces which will be propelled along the rollers of the helical recess, but in particular that the apparatus can be used for sorting elastically resilient workpieces, such as rubber blanks, resilient thermoplastic items and fish with no or substantially reduced risk of misclassification or damage to items.

Ved at fordybningens dybde T er beliggende i området T <. W, fortrinsvis 0,5 mm, opnås et hensigtsmæssigt dimensioneringsområde for fordybningens dybde, således at 10 valserne kan udføres hule med lav vægt og alligevel med tilstrækkelig styrke til sorteringsoperationen med bibeholdelse af den ringe risiko for sorteringsfejl og emnebeskadigelse.By the depth of the depression T being in the region T <. W, preferably 0.5 mm, an appropriate sizing area for the depth of the recess is obtained so that the rollers can be made of low weight hollow and yet with sufficient strength for the sorting operation, while retaining the slight risk of sorting errors and damage to the workpiece.

Ved at den af fordybningens to sidevægge, der er 15 aktiv ved emnernes fremføring mellem valserne, støder op til en overgangszone med sin valses omdrejningsflade, og at denne overgangszone i et aksialsnit til valsen har en krumningsradius r beliggende i området 0,05 mm <_ r <. 1,0 mm, fortrinsvis 0,2 mm, præciseres en udførelsesform, som har vist 20 sig særligt velegnet i forbindelse med sortering af fisk.By the fact that one of the two side walls of the recess, which is active in the movement of the articles between the rollers, is adjacent to a transition zone with the rotational surface of its roller, and that this transition zone in an axial section to the roller has a radius of curvature r in the range 0.05 mm <_. r <. 1.0 mm, preferably 0.2 mm, an embodiment which has proved particularly suitable for sorting fish is specified.

Ved at fordybningen er enkeltløbet eller parallel med flere lignende fordybninger, flerløbet, forløber langs sin valse, præciseres nogle foretrukne udførelsesformer for opfindelsen, hvor fordybningerne i et grænsetilfælde kan være 25 et antal parallelle slibespor af skruelinieform langs valsen.By the recess being single-loop or parallel to several similar recesses, the multi-loop extending along its roller, some preferred embodiments of the invention are clarified, wherein the recesses in a boundary case may be a plurality of parallel helical grooves along the roller.

Den mindste afstand mellem fordybningerne er i den flerløbede version hensigtsmæssigt større end eller lig den halve fordybningsbredde W. Derved opnås hurtigere fremføring og dermed sortering, men uden beskadigelsesrisikoen, som kan 30 optræde ved at reducere nævnte afstand.The smallest distance between the recesses is suitably greater than or equal to half the recess width W. in the multi-loop version, thereby providing faster advance and thus sorting, but without the risk of damage which can occur by reducing said distance.

Opfindelsen vil i det følgende blive nærmere forklaret i forbindelse med nogle udførelsesformer og under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser set fra oven et apparat ifølge 35 opfindelsen med påfyldningsrende udeladt og til sortering af emner ved hjælp af to omdrejningscylindriske valser, der hver er forsynet med en fordybning af skruelinieform med konstant DK 166794 B1 3 stigning, fig. 2 det i fig. 1 viste set fra siden, fig. 3 et snit langs I-I i fig. 2, fig. 4 et snit langs II-II i fig. 2, 5 fig. 5 et længdesnit i en af de to valser i fig. 1 vist i større målestokforhold, fig. 6 de to omdrejningscylindriske valser hver erstattet med en valse af form som en konus, fig. 7 i større målestokforhold et tværsnit gennem 10 en fordybning i valsen, fig. 8 valser i form af henholdsvis en cylindrisk valse og en konisk valse, fig. 9 valser i form af to ikke-parallelle valser, hver med varierende konicitet, 15 fig. 10 valser i form af to modsatrettede, koniske valser, og fig. 11 valser i form af to dobbeltkoniske valser med emnetilførsel ved midterområdet.The invention will now be described in more detail in connection with some embodiments and with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 is a top view of an apparatus according to the invention with filling ring omitted and for sorting of objects by means of two rotary cylindrical rollers, each provided with a helical groove with a constant pitch, FIG. 2 shows the embodiment of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a section along I-I of FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a section along II-II of FIG. 2, 5 FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section of one of the two rollers of FIG. 1 in larger scale; FIG. 6 shows the two rotary cylindrical rollers each replaced by a roller of the shape of a cone; FIG. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view, in larger scale, through a recess in the roller; 8 rolls in the form of a cylindrical roller and a conical roller respectively; 9 rolls in the form of two non-parallel rolls, each with varying conicity; 10 rolls in the form of two opposite conical rollers; and FIG. 11 rolls in the form of two double conical rollers with workpiece supply at the center region.

Fig. 1 viser et apparat til sortering af emner 3 20 efter tværmålstørrelse eller tykkelse, fortrinsvis elastisk eftergivelige emner, der i eksemplet er fisk, og apparatet omfatter to ved siden af hinanden i indbyrdes afstand anbragte, modsat rotérbare valser 1, 2 med i hovedsagen glatte, ydre omdrejningsflader, her i form af omdrejnings-25 cylinderflader, hvis indbyrdes afstand kontinuerligt vokser i cylindrenes ene længderetning, og hvor begge cylinderfladerne omfatter et fremdrivningsmiddel til fremføring af emnerne i retning mod nævnte større indbyrdes afstand mellem valserne 1, 2, og fremdrivningsmidlet er udformet til at 30 følge en skruelinie med konstant stigning langs cylindrenes længderetning. Fremdrivningsmidlet er her én fordybning 5, der følger en skruelinieform, hvis stigning P er beliggende i området 0,25 d <. P <. D, fortrinsvis 0,86 d, hvor d og D er valsens mindste henholdsvis største diameter. Den skruelinie-35 formede fordybning 5 kan dog udelades i den ene af de to valser 1, 2, hvorved fremdrivningen i retningen 6 naturligvis bliver mindre effektiv. Nævnte skruelinie behøver heller ikke DK 166794 B1 4 være konstant, men kan være variabel, f.eks. voksende eller aftagende i fremdrivningsretningen 6. I det viste eksempel er valsens største og mindste diameter lige store, hvorfor stigningen P skal være beliggende mellem 0,25 D < P < D.FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for sorting items 3 by transverse size or thickness, preferably resiliently resilient items which in the example are fish, and the apparatus comprises two mutually spaced oppositely rotatable rollers 1, 2 with substantially smooth, outer rotating surfaces, here in the form of rotating cylinder faces, whose spacing continuously grows in one longitudinal direction of the cylinders and wherein both cylinder faces comprise a propulsion means for advancing the workpieces towards said greater mutual distance between the rollers 1, 2 and the propulsion means are formed to follow a screw line with constant pitch along the longitudinal direction of the cylinders. Here, the propellant is one recess 5 which follows a helical shape whose pitch P is in the range 0.25 d <. P <. D, preferably 0.86 d, where d and D are the smallest and largest diameter of the roller, respectively. However, the helical groove 5 can be omitted in one of the two rollers 1, 2, whereby the propulsion in the direction 6 naturally becomes less efficient. Said helical line also need not be constant, but may be variable, e.g. increasing or decreasing in the propulsion direction 6. In the example shown, the largest and smallest diameter of the roller are equal, so the pitch P must be located between 0.25 D <P <D.

5 Eksperimenter har vist, at hvis stigningen er 0,86 D, fås noget nær optimal fremdrivning med en enkelt skruelinieformet fordybning i den ene eller i begge valser. Emnerne 3 påfyldes en påfyldningsrende 7, der som vist i fig. 3 og 4 strækker sig oven over valsernes mellemrum, og påfyldningen sker i den 10 ende, hvor mellemrummet er mindst, d.v.s. til højre i fig. 1 og 2. Valsernes 1, 2 omdrejningsretning er vist i fig. 3 og 4, og som følge heraf drives emnerne 3 i retningen 6 langs mellemrummet. De emner med henholdsvis mindst tværmål, mellemste tværmål og største tværmål afleveres ved enderne af 15 glatte render 8 henholdsvis 9 i faldrender henholdsvis A, B og C. De emner, der falder ud ved faldrenden C, kan eventuelt ledes videre til tilsvarende sorteringsapparater for større emner. Fig. 5 viser et snit gennem en af valserne 1, 2, og heraf fremgår stigningen P, fordybningsbredden W, fordyb-20 ningsdybden T og cylinderdiameteren D. Her er stigningen P = 0,86 D, og W er fortrinsvis 2 mm, medens T fortrinsvis er 0,5 mm. Fordybningens bredde W, der fortrinsvis ligger i området W <. 0,2 P, og tykkelsen T fortrinsvis beliggende i området T <. W. Det har vist sig generelt fordelagtigt for alle former 25 for valser.Experiments have shown that if the pitch is 0.86 D, something near optimal propulsion is obtained with a single helical depression in one or both rollers. The blanks 3 are filled with a filling tube 7 which, as shown in FIG. 3 and 4 extend above the spacing of the rollers and the filling takes place at the end where the spacing is smallest, i.e. to the right in FIG. 1 and 2. The direction of rotation of the rollers 1, 2 is shown in FIG. 3 and 4, and as a result, the blanks 3 are driven in the direction 6 along the gap. The items with least cross dimensions, intermediate cross dimensions and largest cross dimensions are delivered at the ends of 15 smooth grooves 8 and 9 respectively in drop gutters A and B and C respectively. The items falling out of the gutter C can possibly be passed on to similar graders for larger topics. FIG. 5 shows a section through one of the rollers 1, 2, from which is shown the pitch P, the depression width W, the depression depth T and the cylinder diameter D. Here, the pitch P = 0.86 D and W is preferably 2 mm, while T is preferably is 0.5 mm. The width W of the recess, which is preferably in the region W <. And the thickness T is preferably in the range T <. W. It has proved generally advantageous for all forms of rollers.

I fig. 6 ses to svagt koniske valser 1, 2 med parallelle akser, hver forsynet med flere i indbyrdes samme afstand 10 anbragte fordybninger, der følger samme skrueli-nieform. I dette tilfælde har valserne en mindstediameter d 30 og en størstediameter D, og da er skrueliniens stigning fortrinsvis 0,86 d, men er iøvrigt anvendelig, hvis blot stigningen P er beliggende i området 0,25 d <. P ± D. Den aftagende diameter for valserne 1, 2 i fremdrivningsretningen 6 bevirker en finere sortering af de mindste emner 3 ved 35 valsernes største diameter, fordi valsernes overfladehastighed her er størst. Desuden er begge valser ens med højregænget skruelinie for fordybningerne, således at valserne har DK 166794 B1 5 ens omdrejningsretning, hvilket har vist sig fordelagtigt til sortering af stivere emner, såsom døde fisk.In FIG. 6, two slightly tapered rollers 1, 2 with parallel axes are seen, each provided with several recesses 10 spaced apart, which follow the same helical shape. In this case, the rollers have a minimum diameter d 30 and a largest diameter D, and then the pitch of the helix is preferably 0.86 d, but is otherwise applicable if only the pitch P is in the range 0.25 d <. P ± D. The decreasing diameter of the rollers 1, 2 in the direction of propulsion 6 causes a finer sorting of the smallest blanks 3 at the largest diameter of the rollers, because the surface velocity of the rollers is greatest here. In addition, both rollers are the same with the right-hand screw line for the recesses, so that the rollers have the same direction of rotation, which has proved advantageous for sorting stiffer items, such as dead fish.

I fig. 7 ses tydeligere en af fordybningerne 5, hvis to sidevægge er henholdsvis passiv og aktiv ved emnernes 5 3 fremføring. Den aktive sidevæg 11 støder op til en over gangszone med sin valses omdrejningsflade 4, hvor overgangszonen i et aksialsnit i valsen 1, 2 har en krumningsradius r, der mest fordelagtigt bør ligge i området 0,05 mm <. r ± 1,0 mm, fortrinsvis 0,2 mm, i hvert fald, hvis emnerne er 10 elastisk eftergivelige, især fisk. Hvor fordybningen, parallelt med flere lignende fordybninger 5, altså flerløbet, forløber langs sin valse, er den mindste afstand 10 mellem fordybningerne 5 hensigtsmæssigt større end eller lig den halve fordybningsbredde W, hvorved især elastiske efter-15 givelige emner fremdrives optimalt langs valserne med mindst mulig lokalt overfladetryk og dermed mindst mulig slitage eller beskadigelse under fremføringen.In FIG. 7, one of the recesses 5 is more clearly seen, the two side walls of which are respectively passive and active at the projections of the articles 5 3. The active sidewall 11 is adjacent to a transition zone with the rotating surface 4 of its roller, the transition zone of an axial section of roller 1, 2 having a radius of curvature r which should most advantageously lie in the range 0.05 mm <. r ± 1.0 mm, preferably 0.2 mm, at least if the blanks are resiliently resilient, especially fish. Where the recess, parallel to several similar recesses 5, that is, the multi-recess, extends along its roller, the smallest distance 10 between the recesses 5 is suitably greater than or equal to half the recess width W, whereby especially elastic yieldable parts are optimally propelled along the rollers with at least possible local surface pressure and thus minimal wear or damage during advancement.

Fig. 8-11 viser nogle yderligere udførelsesformer for hensigtsmæssige samvirkende valser med forskellige 20 egenskaber, som kan afpasses efter de pågældende sorteringsopgavers betingelser. Her er i fig. 8 vist en konisk valse 1, der samvirker med en cylindrisk valse 2, hvor valsernes akser kan være parallelle, men ikke behøver at være det.FIG. Figs. 8-11 show some further embodiments of suitable co-operating rollers having different properties which can be adapted to the conditions of the sorting tasks in question. Here, in FIG. 8 shows a conical roller 1 which cooperates with a cylindrical roller 2, where the axes of the rollers may be parallel but need not be.

25 Fig. 9 viser to samvirkende, med trinvist aftagende konicitet udformede valser 1, 2, fig. 10 viser to samvirkende valser 1, 2 med modsat rettet konicitet og med parallelle akser, men med let forskellig konicitet, således at mellemrummet vokser i den ene retning. De hidtil viste udførelses-30 former for samvirkende valser har været beregnet til tilførsel af emner 3 ved valsernes ene ende og med fraførsel af de med overmål forsynede emner ved valsernes anden ende. I den i fig. 11 viste udførelsesform med to dobbeltkoniske valser, der hver konvergerer mod sine yderste ender, kan 35 tilførslen af emner til sortering ske ved valsernes midterområde, hvorved sorteringskapaciteten fordobles, idet emnerne 3 sorteres fra midten og i retning mod valsernes to modståen- DK 166794 B1 6 de ender.FIG. Fig. 9 shows two cooperating rollers 1, 2 with a gradually decreasing conicity; 10 shows two cooperating rollers 1, 2 with opposite conicity and with parallel axes, but with slightly different conicity, so that the gap grows in one direction. The hitherto embodiments of cooperating rollers shown have been intended for supply of blanks 3 at one end of the rollers and with the delivery of the over-sized blanks at the other end of the rollers. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 with two double conical rollers, each converging towards its outer ends, the supply of items for sorting can be effected at the center region of the rollers, thereby doubling the sorting capacity, the items 3 being sorted from the center and towards the two resistors of the rollers. they end.

Kapaciteten kan naturligvis forøges yderligere, eksempelvis for de i fig. 1-4 viste valsers vedkommende, ved, at disse placeres med adskillige par, der har deres mellemrum 5 voksende radialt udad fra en lodret akse, hvorved tilførsel af emner 3 kan ske centralt, ligesom valserne kan drives fra et centralt anbragt drivorgan, som f.eks. driver den ene af de to valser i hvert par, der så igen driver sin nabovalse i hvert par som f.eks. vist i fig. 3 og 4. Andre udførelsesfor-10 mer for valserne 1, 2 end de på tegningen viste kan naturligvis også komme på tale, hvis der ønskes mellemrum mellem valserne, som ikke er lineært eller trinvist lineært voksende, f.eks. hvor der ønskes en langt finere sortering for visse tværmålstørrelsers vedkommende end for andre tværmåls 15 vedkommende. Her kan således valser med hel eller delvis paraboloid eller ellipsoid kegleform komme på tale, eventuelt kombineret med de på tegningen viste valsers former.Of course, the capacity can be further increased, for example for those in FIG. 1 to 4, these are placed with several pairs having their spacers 5 growing radially outwardly from a vertical axis, whereby feeding of blanks 3 can take place centrally, just as the rollers can be driven from a centrally located drive means which .g. drives one of the two rollers in each pair, which in turn drives its neighboring roller in each pair, e.g. shown in FIG. 3 and 4. Other embodiments of the rollers 1, 2 than those shown in the drawing can of course also be considered if spaces are desired between the rolls which are not linear or incrementally linear growing, e.g. where a much finer sort is desired for certain cross-dimension sizes than for other cross-dimensions 15. Thus, rolls with full or partial paraboloid or ellipsoid cone shapes may be discussed, possibly combined with the shapes of the rollers shown in the drawing.

Claims

Apparatus for sorting items (3) by cross-sectional size or thickness, preferably resiliently resilient items, such as fish, comprising two adjacent spaced apart, identical or opposite rotatable rollers (1, 2) with substantially smooth outer rotating surfaces (4), spaced apart at least continuously continuously in at least one of the two opposite longitudinal directions of the rollers, and wherein at least one roller on the surface is provided with a propeller (5) of helical shape for advancing the blanks (3) towards said greater mutual distance between the rollers (1, 2), which helical shape follows a helical line with a constant or variable increase in the longitudinal direction of the roller (1, 2), characterized in that the propulsion means is at least one formed in the surface of the roller. recess (5) following a helical shape whose pitch (P) in the longitudinal direction of the roller is in the range 0.25 d <P <D, preferably 0.86 d, and has a width (W) located in the range W <. 0.2 P, preferably 20 mm, where d and D are the smallest and largest diameter of the roller, respectively.

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth (T) of the recess (5) is in the region T. <W, preferably 0.5 mm.

Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the (11) of the two side walls of the recess (5), which is active in the movement of the articles (3) between the rollers (1, 2), adjoins a transition zone with its roller. rotating surface (4) and the transition zone in an axial section to the roller (1, 2) has a radius of curvature (s) located in the range 0.05 mm <r 1.0 mm, preferably 0.2 mm. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the recess (5) is single-run or parallel to several similar recesses, the multiple-run.

Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the smallest distance (10) between recesses (5) in the slightly run version is greater than or equal to half the recess width 5 (W).

Apparatus according to one or more of claims 1-5, characterized in that the rotating surface (4) of the roller (1, 2) with the propulsion means (5) is in the form of a cylinder (2 in Fig. 8), a cone (1). in Fig. 8), a cone that transitions into a weaker cone (Fig. 9) or a cylinder, or into a double cone (Fig. 11) that converges toward its outer ends.